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OCTODER, 1891.)
SACRED LITERATURE OF THE JAINS.
867
references to the upângas, their titles being directly mentioned or the names of particular divisions cited. In the upångas vice versé there is no lack of references both to the angas and to other upangas. Apparently we must recognize in these remarks of the redactor a hand aiming at unity (see above, p. 228), - a band which has dealt uniformly with the angas and upangas in that form of the text which both at present possess.
The varying statements in the MSS. in reference to the extent of each of the apângas are as follows: up. I has 1320 granthas,& - 2. 2079, - 3. 4750,- 4. 7785, - 5. (2000?),? - 6. 4454, – 7. 1600,8 - 8 - 12. 1109.
XIII. The first upangam, uvavaiyam, aupapatikam, of renewed births. The explanation of the name by supapåtika is (see above, p. 323, Leumann, p. 2) an incorrect Sanskrit rendering, since the formation is from Vpad + spa and not from pat + upa. The work is divided into two parts, which are, however, not separated by any recognized dividing line. The first, which is greater in extent than the second (378), treats in great detail of the appearance and sermon of MabÂvira in Champà under king Kuniya Bambhaskraputte, and of the pilgrimage of the king to Mahavira. The many varņakas, which, on such occasions as this, are found in the legendary introductions to the angas, uvangas, &c., occur in this instance in their full form. They are consequently cited elsewhere merely by their 'introductory words; and for anything beyond this, reference is generally made to our text.
The law proclaimed by Mahavira is here ($ 57) designated partly as âgârad hamme and partly as aga rasami tê. See my remarks on page 244 ad anga 1. The second part, which contains the essence of the work, is in extent scarcely more than a third of the whole, and looks, as Lenmann says, like a more detailed treatment of Bhag. I, 1,77 (see Bhag. 1, 162 ) It is divided into divisions of tolerably small compass, which all possess a form equally solemn. These small divisions are not equal in extent nor are they counted on to the end. At the end there are 22 karikas, which describe the abode &c. of the Siddhas, vis, of those that have escaped migration of souls We find the teaching of Imdabhūti by Mabavira treated of, partly in a general way, partly in reference to 16 definite categories of men as regards their uvavaya among the nêraïyas, &c., up to the heavenly worlds, and to the final perfection and residence of the blessed in the Isipabbhârâ pudhavi. Dr. Ernst Leumann has given a detailed account of its contents in the introduction to his edition of the text ("the aupapatikasutra," Leipzig, 1883), accompanied by an excellent glossary.
Among the interesting facts contained in the middle part of the work, the following is of especial importance. In $ 76 there is an enumeration of alien sects, [379] parivvâyâ, viz. : the Sankhê Jogi Kivila 10 Bhiuchchall haṁsala paramahamsa bahuudaga kulivvayê13 Kaņhaparivvâyâ.14 In immediate connection with this is an enumeration of the 8 representatives of each class16 from the Brahmana caste : tattha khalu imê att ha mahaņa parivvâyâ bhavamti : Kannê16 ya Karakamțê ya Ambadé ya Parâsarê | Kanhê Divậyanê chêva Dêvaguttê ya Narah@47 11, and from the warrior caste : tattha khalu imê astha khattiyaparivvâyâ bhavanti, tam : Silai Masihåre18
* The statements vary here o. g. between 1167 (Kielhorn's Report, 1880-81, p. 50) 1200, 1267, 1820 and 1500. Leumann counts 1220. T The statement is here omitted ; cf. av. 7.
• Other statements are: 1854, 2000. of. chhedasútra, 4. 10.
10 Kapilô dêvatA yeshån, Sankhya eva nirisvarah. n Bhrigur lok& prasiddha rishiviseshas, tasyai' va fishyah BhargavAh (!). 12 In referenoe to the following names see Wilson Sel. works 1,231 (ed. Rost). 13 kutlvratih: kuttohars in Wilson, also in the Aruņikop. Ind. Stud. 2, 170.
Nrkyanabh: ktika iti kechit. 16 Kart (Karidv-AP) Kanné refers, it is true, to Kanva as Leamann affirme in his glossary) dayah shodaba parivr&jakah lokatô 'vasey Ah.
16 Kanhê var. 1.
* These Jains, possessed by the desire of changing everything, hayo not allowed even the name of the old Narada to remain unaltered. Some MSS. have even Nerabhe.
18 var. Masito, Masauno, Mauah, also "hard. The Maahạára name of country in the Ait. Br. may perhaps be compared.
