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The Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy
both of them, i. e. Șad-dravyas1 of the Jainas and Ṣat-padarthas2 of the Vaiseṣikas.
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According to the Vaiseṣika, Dravya, guna3 and karma are different, whereas Dravya, guna and paryaya of Jaina Metaphysics are of one class.5 Guna inheres in DravyaR and is inseparable from it. It is the capacity, the change of this capacity is paryāya. Guna is potentiality, while paryaya is actuality on the screen of time. They continue with Dravya like earthness or clayness and pitcher. Gunas separable and inseparable from Dravya are paryaya and guna proper respectively, for paryaya keeps changing, but guna is permanently associated with Dravya;10 there is no existence of Dravya on the destruction or separation of guna.11
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According to the Samkhya philosophy, the three gunas (qualities) Sattva (essence), Rajas (energy) and Tamas (mass or inertia) are the components of Prakṛti12 which is the stuff. 1. Bhagavati 25.4.733-4;11.14.4.24; 13.4.4. 82. 3; Anuyogadvāra, 324; Gommaṭasara (JIva), 560.
2. Dravyaguṇakarmasāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyānāṁ padarthānam-Vaiśesika Sutra, 1.1.4.
3. Dravyani dravyāntaramārabhante guṇāśca guṇāntaraṁ— VS., 1.1. 8-9.
4. Dravyaguṇakarmasāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyābhāvāḥ saptapaTarkasaṁgraha, p. 2;
darthaḥ
Artha iti dravyaguṇakarmasu
VS., 8.2.3.
5. Guṇaparyayavaddravyam TS., V. 37.
6. Dravyasraya nirguņā guṇaḥ Ibid, V. 40. 7. Bhāvāntaram sañjñāntaraṁ ca paryayaḥ
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ay
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TS. Bhāṣya, p. 427
8. Ibid, pp. 426-29.
9. Sarvarthasiddhi, p. 510.
10. Ibid, p. 510.
11. Sakalaguṇoparamae punarna taddravyaṁ
Paramäṇukhanda Sattriṁśikā.
12. Triguṇamaviveki Viṣayaḥ, etc.- Samkhya Kārikā, 11.
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