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The Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy
guņa (quality) and paryāya (mode or modification) in Dravya (Substance); the Jaina paryāya belonging to both Dravya (substance) and guņi compares well with the Praksti-parināma (transformation or modification of the Primordial Matter) of the Samkhya philosophy, though there is some difference of views between them.
According to Jaina Philosophy, there is paryāya of Jivadravyas and ajīvadravyas (living and non-living substance), while the Samkhya maintains that there takes place the transformation of Acetana Prakrti (Non-Sentient Principle). The difference between Cetana and Acetana, i. e. ji vadravya and ajivadravya is marked by sentiency and non-sentiency respectively as existing in them. In Jaina metaphysics pariņāmavāda (the theory of evolution or transformation) also is advocated; dravyapariņāma (transformation of substance) and gunapariņāma (transformation of quality) occur as a result of natural conditions (vaisrasika) or due to the applied or mechanical process (prāyogika). Hence paryāya is again of two kinds, viz. dravyaparyāya (modification of substance) and gunaparyāya (modification of quality). Both dravyaparyāya and gunaparyāya take place in Matter. There is manifested the combined modification of Soul and Matter in the body of a being. The figure (or structure) of a being is formed by the union of Soul and body. When karmaraja (karmic-dust or karmic particle) is united with leśyapariņāma (transformation of psychic condition) of Soul, there takes place avagāhanā (immersion) as a result of the combination of body and Soul. There falls an impression from Matter on Soul. When karmic matter comes into contact with soul, there occurs ajīvapariņāma (transformation of non-living substances). Jivaparyāya (modification of Soul) cannot happen without its. gatipariņāma (change of birth). The Buddhist kşaņa (moment) corresponds to the Jaina paryāya for kşaņas (moments) like rūpa (colour), rasa (taste), gandha (smell), etc., of the Buddhist philosophy are equivalent to paryāyas of Jaina metaphysics. Tadetadrūpa-ksanam of the Buddhists, Tanmātras of the Samkhya and Visesa (particularity) of the Yoga reflect the Jaina
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