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Atomic Structure of Matter
the ultimate cause of the material universe. As pointed out, paramāņu of this system of thought is janyapadartha (produced entity) but not an eternal entity like paramāņus of the Nyaya-Vaiśesika and Jaina Metaphysics. It is evolved out of the first tanmatra (infra-atomic units of potential) which itself originates from Bhūtādi (rudiment Matter) under the operation of Rajas (Energy)1 as a result of "the process of disintegration and emanation in the menstrum of surrounding medium of the unindividuated cosmic mass Mahat.''
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A paramāņu is the smallest portion of any substance, having the characteristic quality of it, i. e. it represents the smallest homogeneous part of any substance. It is not partless, hence it is divisible, for it is subject to dissociation. Here lies 1. Upastambhataḥ parinamayanti, Sāṁkhya Pravacanabhāṣya, 62, ch. 1, p. 35.
2. Prakhyākriyasthitiśīlānāṁ guṇānāṁ grahaṇātmakānāṁ karaṇabhāvenaikaḥ pariņāmaḥ śrotramindriyam grāhyātmakānāṁ śabdabhāvenaikaḥ pariṇāmaḥ śabdo viṣaya iti, śabdādīnām mūrtirsamānajātīyānāmekaḥ pariṇāmaḥ pṛthiviparamāņustanmātrāvayavaḥ, teṣāṁ caikaḥ pariņāmaḥ pṛthiv gaurvṛkṣaḥ parvata ityevamādiḥ, bhūtāntareṣvapi snehauṣṇyapraṇāmitvāvākāśādānānyupādāya sāmānyamekavikārārambhaḥ, samadheyaḥ, Yogabhäṣya, IV, 14, pp. 192-3; Vikaraṇabbāvaḥ vikīrṇatāsvabhāvā vyāpita iti yāvat, Yogavārtika on Patanjali's Sūtra Manojavittam
Vikaraṇabhavah, etc;
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Ākāśastu vikurvāṇah sparśamātraṁ sasarja Balavanbhavadvāyustataḥ sparśa guno matah
Visnupurana;
See Samkhyapravacanabhāṣya, p. 35: P. S. A. H., p. 29. 3. Apakarṣaparyantam dravyam paramāṇurevaṁ, See Yoga Su., 52, pada III and V Bha., p, 174;
Lostasya hi pravibhajyamānasya yasminnavayave alpatvatāratamyaṁ vyavatisthate so' apakarṣaparyantaḥ paramāņu, Tattvavaisāradr, Ibid., p. 174;
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