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The Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy
sthānapariṇāma (transformation of one material substance into rectangular shape). There are stated to be two kinds of bandhanaparināma (transformation of binding), viz. snigdhabandhanapariṇāma (binding transformation of matter by cohesiveness) and rūkṣabandhanapariņāma, (binding transformation of matter by dryness). The combination of forms of Matter takes place due to the cohesive (attractive positive) and dry (repulsive negative) forces of unequal degrees, but it does not occur in the case of equal cohesive force nor in that of equal dry force. That is, no combination takes place between two particles of matter having equal degree of the same property. But there is found to happen a combination of two particles of matter having unequal degrees of force of cohesiveness by two units more with cohesiveness and unequal degree of dryness by two units more with dryness. But no combination is possible to take place between the particles of matter having the lowest degree of two properties whether unequal or equal.2
In the process of combination the higher degree of property transforms the lower one, according to the Svetambara view both the śvetambara and Digambara views regarding the rules of combination of matter will be discussed in the tenth chapter in detail.
It is explained further that gatipariņāma (motion-trans. formation of matter) is of two kinds, viz. sparśagatipariņāma (transformation of tactile motion of matter, e. g. drawing pitcher goes down to the bottom of water by touching water) and asparśagati (transformation of non-tactile motion of matter) or dirghagatipariņā na (long-circuit motion-transform1. BhS., 8. 10. 355; PV., 13; Samavayanga, 22. 2. Goyama! duvihe pannatte, tamjaha niddhabaṁ Jhaṇapariņāme, lukkhabaṁdhanapariņāme ya, samaṇiddhayae bam dhe na hoi samalukkhayae vi na hoi vemāyaṇiddhalukkhattanena bamdho u khamdhanam, niddhassa niddhena duyahie nam lukkhassa duyahie nam niddhassa lukkhena uvei baṁdho jahannavajjo visamo samo vā, Pannavaṇā., 13. 3. Bandhe adhikau pāriņāmikau ca, TS., V. 36.
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