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The Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy
application of another matter is necessary. (3) Soul cannot be the direct cause in its movement. (4) The minimum speed of motion of a paramāņu is the traversing of a distance of one space-point in one samaya, while the maximum speed of its motion is determined by its movement from one last border of the Universe to another last border in one samaya. (5) The motion and activity of a paramāņu take place spontaneously and they can be effected by the application of other matters..
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PRATIGHĀTA OF PUDGALA (RESISTANCE OF MATTER)
There are stated to be three kinds of pudgalapratighāta (resistance of matter), viz. (1) resistance obtained by one paramāņu of skandha (molecule) when it is resisted by another paramāņu on the way of its motion, (2) resistance obtained by a paramāņu due to its property of dryness (repulsive force) and (3) resistance obtained by a paramāņu at the last border of the Universe because of the non-existence of Dharmastikāya (Principle of Motion) in the Non-Universe. In other words, the resistance obtained by an ultimate atom is possible under three conditions: (1) If there takes place the physical contact of an ultimate atom with another one, while making their motion in great speed by the process of natural transformation, then the first paramāņu is resisted in itself and can resists the other paramāņu with which it comes into contact. (2) Having combined with other paramāņu or skandha by virtue of its property of cohesiveness and dryness, a paramāņu loses its individuality (or discreteness) for a certain period of time. (3) It is resisted in its motion at the last border of the Universe because of the absence of Dharmastikāya (Principle of Motion) 1. Tivihe poggalapaḍighāte, pa tam paramāṇupoggale paramāņupoggalaṁ pappa padihaṇijjā, lukkhattāe vā paḍihaņijjā, logamte va padihanijjā, Sthānanga, 3. 211,
3. 4. 211.
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