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The Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy
fine and gross can also be made from the point of view of field (ksetra) and immersion (avagāhanā). The account for these two kinds of Matter is one and the same from the four points. of view.
According to the Nyāya-Vaišesika also, Matter has been classified into two groups, viz. aņu (small) and mahat (great), while the Buddhist philosophy classifies it into two divisions, viz, sūkşma (fine) and sthüla (gross), just as it is found in Jaina metaphysics. There are stated to be two classes of Matter from the aspect of its capacity to be received and not to be received by Soul, viz. grāhya (receivable) and agrābya (non-receivable). 1 Matter is received by soul and it can be transformed but it is not receivable to Soul in all conditions. An ultimate atom is not receivable to it. Molecules having two and four touches are non-receivable to it. Only some kinds of molecules having eight touches are capable to be received by it. Therefore, Matter is classified into two groups, viz. grāhya (receivable) and agrāhya (non-receivable) from the point of view of its capacity to be received and not to be received. Matter is avis-sita (non-particular, i. e. general), while paramāņu (ultimate atom), dvipradeśika skandha (dyad) upto anantapradeśika skandha (molecule having infinite units) are viseșita (particular).2 Besides, Matter has been classified into two groups from various points of view, such as, bhinna and abhinna (broken and unbroken), chinna and achinna (disintegrated and non-distintegrated), paramāņupudgala and na-paramāņupudgala (atom and molecule),3 baddhapāsaputtha and no-baddhapāsaputtha (deeply attached and not-deeply attached), paryāyātīta and aparyāyātīta, attā and anattā. (favourable and unfavourable or received and not-received), ista and anista (desirable and undesirable), manojña and amanojña (pleasant and unpleasant), sacitta and acitta (having 1. Pañcama Karmagrantha, 75; Višeşāvaśyakabhāşya, 636-38;.
GS., Jiva , 593-4. 2. Anuyogadvāra, 123. 3. They are already discussed above.
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