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Classification of Matter
229
mark of effect) and it is also not kāryalinga because of being an object of perceptual knowledge. 1
There are stated to be two kinds of paramāņu, 2 viz. sūksma and vyavahārika (fine and empirical) from the noumenal and phenomenal points of view respectively. One vyavahārika anu is constituted of infinite sūksma aņus. It is determined from the aspect of phenomenality (vyavahāra).3 Here it is suggestive that a vyavahārika aņu may correspond to an atom of the physical sciences, which is divisible, while a sūksma aņu may correspond to electron, proton, neutron, etc. That is to say, this view of modern science that what was comprehended as atom is further splittable into its component parts which are called proton, neutron, electron, etc. "Skandha (Molecule or Aggregate)
An aggregate which ultimate atoms from by combining with one another is called Skandha.4 So the second form of Pudgaladravya (material substance) is skandha (molecule or aggregate). All skandhas are formed as aggrevate. A skandha is an effect-substance-like (kārya-dravya-rūpa) with regard to its own cause- substance (kāraṇadravya) and it is also a causesubstance-like with regard to its own effect-substance (kāryadravya) e. g. skandhas having two units (pradeśas): they are the effects of paramāņus (ultimate atoms) etc., and also the cause of skandhas having three units (pradeśas) of matter. Therefore, a skandha is an aggregate of paramāņus (ultimate 1. Anekāntaḥ kāranatvādivikalpaḥ, RV., 5.25.16 2. Anuyogadvāra of Maladhārı Hemacandra, Sū., 133, and
JambudvIpaprajñapti, 19, Ga., 100, p. 169; Dvividhaḥ paramānuh syāt sūksmaśca vyavahārikaḥ Anantairanubhiḥ sūksmaireko' aņurvyavahārikaḥ,
Lokaprakāśa, 1.21. 3. Lokaprakāśa, 1.21. 4. Skandhāstu baddhā eveti parasparasam hatyā vyavasthitāḥ,
TS., Bhā., ŢIkā, V. 25, p. 366; Pariprāptabandhapariņāmāḥ skandhāḥ, RV., V. 25. 16.
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