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The Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy
following kinds of sound of Jaina metaphysics, viz. tata, vitata, ghana and susira.
PITCH, INTENSITY, QUALITY AND WAVE
OF SOUND AND ITS PROPAGATION
It is explained that Bhāsā (sound incorporated in languages or speech) is of the beings, it originates from the body, it is of the shape of vajra (thunderbolt) and it reaches the last border of the universe. Bhāṣā having originated from the body, breaks forth by two samayas (instants). There are stated to be mainly two kinds of Bhāsā viz. paryāptika (developed) and aparyāptika (undeveloped). Paryāptikabhāsā has been subdivided into two kinds, viz. satyabhāsā (true language) and mộşābhāsā (wrong or false language). They are again divided and sub-divided into many kinds, such as, janapadasatya, samyagsatya, sthāpanāsatya, nāmasatya, rūpasatya, etc. In reality there are two kinds of Bhāṣā, viz. dravyabhāsā (physical speech) and bhāvabhāsā (psychical speech)2. Dravyabhāsā is sub-divided into the following groups, viz. grahaņam (speech received by the self through transformation), niḥsarana (that which is emitted by the action of lungs, throat, ete.) and parāghātabhasā (speech sent out by the action of transformation by those emitted physical vocal substances). Beings receive bhāsā.
1. Bhāsā nam jivāiyā sarTrappabhavā, vajjasamthiyā,
logamtapajjavasiyā panṇavattā-Pannavanā, Bhāṣāpada,
ii, 386. 2. Pannavanā, Bhāsāpada, 387, 388-90;
Nāmāl-nikkhevā, cauro caurehi ettha nāyavvā Davve tivihā gahanam tahaya nisiranaṁ parāghāyo, BR., 2; Pāhannam davvassa ya, appă hannam taheva kiriyānam Bhāvassa ya alambiya, gahanāisu davvavavacso, BR. 11; Uvauttānam bhāsā, nāyavvā ettha bhāvabhāsatti Uvaogo khalu bhāvo,nuvaogo davvamitti kattu, BR. 12.
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