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SECOND SECTION
MANIFESTATIONS AND MODIFICATIONS OF MATTER
Manifestations of Matter take the forms of sabda (sound), bandha (combination), sauksmya (fineness), sthaulya (grossness), samsthāna (shape or figure), bheda (division), tamas darkness), chāyā (shadow), atapa (sun-shine, heat) and udyota (moonlight, cool light).1
Sabda (Sound)-The cause of Labda (sound)-natural or artificial, has been pointed out to be the striking of molecules (skandhas) against one another, i. e. "sound is generated by molecules when they strike one another, which may be natura or artificial (hence sound may be indirectly associated with: atoms also)."2
According to the Samkhya Philosophy3, sabda (sound) is tanmatra (infra-atomic or potential energy) which generates ākāśa (ether), because of being a radicle or centre encircled by masses (Bhūtādi), while the Vaibhāṣika school* of the Buddhists maintains that śabda (sound) as an object of the sense of hearing is one of the fifteen kinds of Rūpa (Matter). The Nyāya1. Sabdabandhasaukṣmyasthaulyasamsthānabhedatamaśchāyāatapodyotavantaśca, TS., V. 24; Saddāndhayāra ujjoo, paha chāyā ātavo i vā, Utta., 28. 12;
Saddo bamidho suhamo thulo samthana bhedatamachāyā Ujjodādavasahiyā puggaladavvassa pajjāyā, DS., 16. 2. Saddo khaṁdhappabhavo khaṁdho
paramāņusaṁgasamghādo
Puttesu tesu jāyadi saddo uppadayo niyado, PS., 86. 3. The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus, p. 26; Sadviseṣaḥ tadyathā śabdatanmātram etc., Vyāsabhāṣya, Sūtra 19, pāda II; Ahankarad-sabdatanmātraṁ...etc., Pravacanabhāṣya, Ch. I, Sü. 62.
4. Sabdaścanye nava dvidhā, Abh. K. I. 34.
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