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Effects of Matter
203
Vaigerika conceived śabda (sound) as the quality of ākāśa (space or ether). The Mimāmsakas of the Bhatta school accept sabda (sound) as a substance on the basis of the fact that it is perceived independently and directly and it exists as a self-subsistent real and it does not have the criterion of quality of being perceived invariably as dependent upon a substance substratum.
The Mimāṁsaka view of dependence is refuted by the Nyāya-Vaiseșika on the ground that the perception of substance is not the essential pre-condition of the perception of quality and the dependence of quality upon the substance is not the exclusive criterion of a quality because every positive real except an eternal substance is dependent upon some substratum for its very existence.3 The Nyāya-Vaisesika maintains that whiteyer p); 3; 1 of a universal (jātimat) and is cognizabl by some external sense other than the visual sense, is a quality.4 Therefore, sound (sabda) is a quality.5 It is not an incomposite
1. Sabdalingaviśesādvisesalingabhāvācca, VS., II. 2. 30;
Tatrākāśasya gunāḥ śabdasamkhyā, PPBhā., p. 23. 2. Viyadguṇatvam śabdasya kecid üsurmanişiņaḥ, pratyaksā
divirodhaḥ, tad-Bhattapādairupekṣetam, tatra guṇasya sarva tra sāśrayatāpratlyamänatvād iha ca nirāśrayatayai'va pratitidarśanāt pratyaksavirodbaḥ ..sabdo dravyaṁ sattve satyanāšrayatvāt kālavat, Mānameyodaya of Nārāyana Bhatta, ed. Trivandrum, 1912,
p. 91. 3. Āśritatvaṁ cā’nyatra nityadravyebhyaḥ, PPBhā., p. 16, cf.
Āśritatvaṁ gunatve hi na prayojakam isyate șanțāmapi padārthānām āśritatvasya sambhavāt. Dikkālaparamāṇvādinityadravyātirekiñaḥ āśritaḥ sad-āpisyante padārthāḥ
kanabhojinā, NM., Pt. I, p. 210. 4. Studies in Nyāya-Vaisasika Metaphysics, p. 167. 5. Bāhyendriyāgrāhyatvena pratibandhāt, Sabdo guņo jāti
mattve sati asmadādibāhyacākşusapratyaksatvāt gandhavat
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