Sanskrit Sopanam Part 04

Author(s): Surendra Gambhir
Publisher: Pitambar Publishing Company
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022547/1

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saMskRta sopAnam bhAga 4

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saMskRta sopAnam bhAga 4 lekhaka DaoN. surendra gambhIra ema0 e0 (saMskRta, bhASA-vijJAna) sAhityazAstrI, pI-eca.DI. bhU.pU. adhyakSaH, saMskRta vibhAgaH maoNDarna skUla, naI dillI pItAmbara pabliziMga kampanI prA0 li. 888, IsTa pArka roDa, karaula bAg2a, naI dillI-110 005 (bhArata) zAkhAe~ baiMgalora : AvAsa na. 6/2, III mena roDa, esa ke gArDena, bensana TAuna posTa, baiMgalora-560046 dUrabhASa : 080-23534673 cennaI : 10, haMTarsa roDa, prathama tala, culAI, cennaI-600112 dUrabhASa : 044-25322333 haidarAbAdaH e jI-18, zAMti bAga apArTamaiMTsa, begamapeTa, haidarAbAda-500016dUrabhASa : 040-23737423 jayapura : 113, iMdrA kAlonI, banI pArka, jayapura-302016 dUrabhASa : 0141-2203440

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prakAzaka: pItAmbara pabliziMga kampanI prA. li. 888, IsTa pArka roDa, karaula bAg2a, naI dillI-110 005 (bhArata) dUrabhASa : 23670067,23522997,23625528 phaiksa :91-11-23676058, 91-11-25765754 I-mela : pitambar@bol.net.in saMskaraNa : prathama, 1972 punarmudraNa, 1973, 1974, 1975 dvitIya, 1976 punarmudraNa, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982 tRtIya, 1983 punarmudraNa, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 caturtha, 1992 punarmudraNa, 1993, 1994, 1995 paMcama, 1996 priya grAhaka punarmudraNa, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Apako jAlI/nakalI pustakoM se bacAne ke lie saMzodhita evaM parimArjita saMskaraNa, 2001 hamane isa pustaka meM yaha hologrAma cipakAyA huA hai| yadi yaha hologrAma yahA~ nahIM hai to kRpayA punarmudraNa : 2002, 2003 pustaka ko na kharIdeM kyoMki yaha jAlI/nakalI ho| sakatI hai| agara Apako binA hologrAma koI sarvAdhikAra : (c) surakSita pustaka prApta ho to kRpayA hameM sUcita kreN| prakAzaka koDa naM. : 12645 AvaraNa : (1) mahAkavi kAlidAsa zakuntalA kI racanA karate hue| (2) jarmana vidvAna maiksamyUlara- jinhoMne saMskRta graMthoM kA anuvAda jarmana bhASA meM kiyA tathA gItA-upadeza kA citra / ISBN : 81-209-0549-0 mUlya : 63/- rupaye DEOS ProEFEES-080 isa pustaka para AdhArita abhyAsa-pustikA bhI prApya hai| pIyUSa priMTarsa pablizarsa prA0 li0, naI dillI-41 dvArA mudrita /

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kiJcit prastutamAlA-viSayakam 1 bhASA-manovijJAna-zAstriNAM zodhaiH bhASA-zikSaNamapi kalA-rUpeNa upasthApitam / alpAdapi alpatare samaye adhikasya zikSaNasya spardhA sarvatra dRSTipathamavatarati / kasyA api bhASAyAH zikSaNasya catasraH vidhA bhavanti, tathAhi zravaNaM, vadanaM, paThanaM lekhanaJceti / paraM saMskRta-sadRzyai bhASAyai paThanaM tadavagamazcaiva prAdhAnyena lakSyIkRtaM syAd ityasti vyavasthitA manISA bhASA-zAstra-vidAm / gauNarUpeNa paThanavidhAyAH sAdhanarUpeNa vadanAdi-vidhA api anuzIlyantAm / satyametat yat bhASA-bhASaNena chAtrANAM vizvAso vardhate rucizcApi vRddhiM gacchati / etad vicAryaiva atra lalitAni saMskRta-padyAni, dainandina-vyavahAra-parANi kAnicit sarala-saMskRta-vAkyAni ca pustakArambhe dattAni / anudinam eteSAm anuzIlanena chAtrANAM saMskRta-bhASAM prati anuraktirvardhiSyate ityAzAse / bhASA zikSaNa - vidhAnAM pradhAnya- gauNa-vyavasthAyA vismaraNaM na bhavet ityAvazyakam / lakSye spaSTe panthA api spaSTo jAyate / pratyekaM pustakaM chAtrasya AyusstaramAvazyakatAJca vilokyaiva praNItam / bhASA-jJAna-bhittiH Adita evaM dRDhamUlA susaMhatA ca bhavediti dRzA sarvamatra kramikaM mitaM niyataJcAsti / pratyekaM zabdaH kayApi yojanayaiva sannivezitaH / prastuta-mAlAyAM zabdA ityaM prayuktAH, vAkya-racanA evamAyojitA vyAkaraNaJcetthaM krameNa alpAlpazaH gumphitaM yena bAlaH sAralyenaiva sarvaM zikSeta / kramika-zikSaNaM kramika vikAsAya Avazyakam / bhASA-zikSaNena sAkaM sAhityasya rucirA lalitAzcAMzAH sannivezitAH / saMskRta vAGmaya - mahodadhi maMthanotthAni kathA - ratnAni padya - ratnAni nidarzanabhUtAni cAtra gumphitAni / anyacca, vijJAna saMskRti - sAmAjika-jJAnAdi-viSayAn antareNa pAThA apa ( cAtra sanniviSTA santi / pratyekaM pAThasyopari pAThya-saMketena pAThe yaduddiSTaM tadavagame saukaryaM bhaviSyati / sandhInAM samAsAnAM cAprayogaH sAralyanimittakaH / pustakasyAnte dattazzabdakozaH bAlAn zabdakozasyAnuzIlanAya pravartayiSyate / pAThebhyaH vyatiriktamabhyAseSvapi anye prarocakAH buddhayuttejakAH prayogAH praznAzca dattAH / vastusthitiriyaM yat na vayaM chAtreSu bahu AzAsmahe / zikSAvidAM tarkAnubhavAnumoditaM vacaH yat yAvata chAtreSu sambhAvyate tAvatyeva te kRta-prayatnAH bhavantIti zam / -gambhIraH

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198 P f pATha: prathamaH dvitIya: tRtIya : caturtha: paMcamaH viSaya SaSThaH saptamaH aSTamaH navamaH dazamaH ekAdaza: dvAdaza: trayodazaH caturdaza: paMcadazaH SoDazaH saptadazaH aSTAdazaH navadaza: viMzatitamaH ekaviMzatitamaH dvAviMzatitamaH kii| vaMdanA saMgati-prabhAvaH avAJchitaH upadeza: nyAyAlayaH saMgaNakam (kampyUTara:) paNDita-purandaraH ambikAdatta-vyAsaH patram mitraM prati yazolipsuH karNaH svataMtratA saMgrAma : (ka) svataMtratA saMgrAma : (kha) padyAni gaNatantra divasaH nRtya kalA pANDava-dUta: maiksamUlara : gItA durlalita: bharataH saMgItam prakIrNa-padyAni gRdhraH mArjAraH bhAratIyA saMskRtiH sUktayaH vyAkaraNam zabda-koza: sUcI 1978 VISITS FISTS FOR DETER FFF PRISIPTIDES pRSTha: 1 5 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 35 38 43 47 51 55 58 62 66 70 73 77 82 86 104 FOR

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Teaching Point : Atmanepadam-laT lAkAmI vikAjola prathamaH nAkAvandanA pAThaH pRthivI mAnuSyam vanda malayajaH zasyam zyAmala jyotsanA yAminI drumaH sukhada varada , -(atharvavedaH) -(ajJAtam) mAtA bhUmiH putro'haM pRthivyAH durlabhaM bhArate janma mAnuSyaM tatra durlabham vande mAtaram! sujalA suphalAM malayaja-zItalAma, zasya-zyAmalAM mAtaram! vande mAtaram! zubhra-jyotsanA-pulakita-yAminIm, phulla-kusumita-drumadala-zobhinIm, suhAsinIm, sumadhura-bhASiNIm, sukhadAM varadAM mAtaram! vande mAtaram! -zrI bNkimcndr-cttttopaadhyaayH|

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// || || || || || || | || || | || || | zabdArthAH pRthivI = pRthvI, jamIna (the earth) durlabha = kaThinatA se milane vAlA (difficult to get) mAnuSyam / manuSya-rUpa (human form) vanda praNAma karanA (to salute) sujala bahuta jaloM (nadiyoM) se yukta (having many rivers) saphala bahuta phaloM vAlA (having many fruits) malayaja candana vRkSa (sandal tree) zItala ThaMDA (cool) zasyam anna, anAja (grains) zyAmala kAlA (black) zubhra ujjvala (bright) jyotsnA cA~danI (moonlight) pulakita prasanna (rejoiced) yAminI rAta (night) phulla khilA huA (blossomed) kusumita = phUloM se yukta (flowered) drumaH - per3a (tree) dalama = samUha (large number) zobhinI = zobhA vAlI (elegant) suhAsinI = sundara rUpa se (one that smiles muskurAne vAlI beautifully) sumadhura = bahuta mIThA (very sweet) bhASiNI = bolane vAlI (speaker) sukhada = sukha dene vAlA (giver of comfort) varada - zreSTha vastu dene vAlA (giver of the best) nayA dhAtu (New Root)-vanda A* nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) vizeSaNAni durlabhaH durlabhA durlabham sujalaH sujalA sujalam suphalaH saphalA suphalam zItalA zItalam || || | || || || zItalaH

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zyAmalaH zubhraH pulakitaH -yAminIkaH phullaH kasamitaH zobhI suhAsI sumadhuraH bhASI zyAmalA zabhrA psniwollol pulakitA -yAminI (-yAminIkA) phullA kusamitA kA zobhinI suhAsinI sumadhurA bhASiNI sukhadA varadA zyAmalam zubhram pulakitam -yAminIkam phullam kusumitam zobhi suhAsi sumadhuram hA bhASi sukhadam varadam sukhadaH varadaH abhyAsaH pAThagatama 4. 1. merA sundara bhArata-isa viSaya para eka choTA-sA nibandha likhie (Write a short essay on My Beautiful India). 'bhArata-mA~'-isa zabda se kyA abhipreta hai (What is meant by Mother India) ? bhASA vyAkaraNaMca3. 'vand' ke rUpa laT lakAra meM likhie (Conjugate vanda in laT). nimnalikhita vizeSaNoM kA ucita rUpa banAkara rikta sthAna bharie (Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of one of the following adjectives) - durlabha, sujala, zubhra, pulakita, sukhada, varada / vidyA dhanam dezaH bhUmiH candraH ramA pitA bAlaH bAlA .... devaH mAtA gRham zAradA prabhuH rASTram daivam vastram mitram * AtmanepadI dhAtuoM ke bAda isa pustaka meM A cihna lagA rhegaa| Atmanepada roots will be marked with A throughout this book.

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saMskRta-lekhanam TREATISE 5. uttara dIjie (Answer the following questions): (ka) pAThe kA mAtA kaH ca putraH ? prathamasya pAThasya citre bAlAH ki kurvanti ? 6. kha (ga) ki tvaM prAtaH pitarau vandase ? (gha) kiM chAtrAH vidyAlayam Agatya gurUn vandante ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate) - (ka) hama saba apane deza ko praNAma karate haiM / ( We salute our country). (kha) hamAre bAg2a meM phUloM vAle vRkSa haiM / (In our garden there are flower trees). (ga) garmiyoM meM ThaMDA pAnI muzkila se milatA hai / (In summer, cold water is hard to get). (gha) ujjvala cA~danI bar3I sukhadAyaka hotI hai / (Bright moonlight is very comforting). (gha) priya deza bhArata ko namaskAra ! (Salutations to my beloved country India !) RE-ESTR TapoMed 4

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Teaching Point : (i) kta vat (ii) saH eSaH + anv consonant) JN (visargalopa) dvitIyaH saMgati-prabhAvaH pAThaH zUkaraH anu+sU (sara) upari pra+ha (har) AryaH 20 visadaza gavAzanaH AvAsaH uccaiH A+kruz zIlam / antarA pra+Apa zra bhid AsIt niSadha-deze citrasenaH nAma nRpaH / sa kadAcit mRgayArthaM vanaM gatavAn / tatra sa kaJcana zUkaraM dRSTvA tam anusRtavAn / acirameva sa gavAzanAnAm AvAsaM prAptavAn / girikaH nAma kazcit zukaH vRkSasyopari sthitaH AsIt / eSa dUrataH eva nRpaM dRSTvA 'praharata praharata! mArayata mArayata! etasmAt sarvasvaM harata' iti uccaiH Akrozat / tat zrutvA nRpaH vismito'bhavat dUrataH eva cAnyatra calitavAn / chunt acirameva sa munInAm AzramaM prAptavAn / tatra ekaH anyaH zukaH taM dRSTvA uditavAn-Arya, praviza, svAgatam! aye, jalaM phalAni ca AryAya Anaya iti / tat zrutvA vismitaH nRpaH zukaM puSTavAn-etasmin eva vane ekaH anyaH zukaH api vasati / sa paruSANi vacanAni vadati tvaM ca madhurANi eva / tvamapi zukaH, so'pi zukaH / samAnA eva jAtiH / kathaM yuvAM visadRzau zIlena / kathametat antaraM taM tvAM cAntarA ? zukaH pratyuditavAn-zrIman, na kevalaM jAtiH eva samAnA, AvAM sahodarau / taM gavAzanAH nItavantaH mAM ca munayaH atra AnItavantaH / sa gavAzanAnAM vacanAni AkarNayati ahaM ca munInAm / ataH bhidyAvahe zIlenAvAm / saMgateH eva eSa pariNAmaH /

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zabdArthA : // // // // // // // // // // Arya // // // // // visadRza zIlam // // zUkaraH = saara (hog) anu+sR (sara) = pIche jAnA (to follow) gavAzanaH = jAti se bahiSkRta, cA~DAla (outcast) AvAsaH nivAsa, bastI (place of residence) pra+Apa prApta karanA, pahu~canA (to obtain, to reach) upari Upara (above) pra+ha (har) AghAta karanA hai / (to hurt) uccaiH __jora se (loudly) A+ z gAlI denA (to abuse) = sunanA (to listen) sajjana (gentleman) svAgatam svAgata (welcome) aye = are (oh) paruSa kaThora (harsh) alaga-alaga, bhinna (dissimilar) = svabhAva (nature) antaram = antara, farka (difference) antarA = bIca meM (between) bhid (bhidy) = alaga-alaga honA (to be different) nae dhAtu (New Roots)-zru, bhid (bhidy)A nae upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) anu+sR (sar) pra+Ap pra+ha (har) A+kruz nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)AryaH AryA Aryam paruSaH paruSA visadRzaH visadRzA visadRzam nae avyaya (New Indeclinables)-upari, uccaiH, aye, antarA upapada-vibhaktiH (i) anu ke yoga meM Ae zabda meM dvitIyA vibhakti AtI hai / (ii) antarA ke yoga meM Ae donoM zabdoM meM dvitIyA vibhakti AtI hai / vizeSaH ra 'kim' ke rUpoM ko anizcayavAcaka vizeSaNa banAne ke lie 'cit' ke sthAna para 'cana' bhI A sakatA hai (We can use cit or can after kim for making indefinite adjectives) // paruSam

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abhyAsaH pAThagatama ina do totoM ke mAdhyama se lekhaka hameM kyA kahanA cAhatA hai (What is the writer trying to tell us through these parrots)? manuSya para acchI saMgati kA prabhAva jaldI par3atA hai yA burI saMgati kA? udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kIjie (What affects more good company or bad company ? Support your answer with examples.) bhASA vyAkaraNa ca 3. yathApRSTa rUpa likhie (Provide the forms as required) gam+ktavat puMlligam vad+ktavatu strIliMgam pracch+ktavatu strIliMgam sR+ktavatu puMlligam Ap+ktavatu strIliMgam sandhi yA sandhiccheda kIjie (Join or disjoin)saH bAlakaH, eSa vRkSam, sa AvAse, saH zukaH, eSaH nRpAya, sa AzramaH, eSa zUkaram, eSa vane, ityapi, vismito'yam vRkSasyopari, caantraa|| uttara dIjie (Answer the following): (ka) nRpaH vanaM kimarthaM gatavAn ? (kha) prathamaH zukaH nRpAya kimakathayat ? (ga) nRpaH dvitIyAya kAya kimakathayat ? (gha) saMgateH prathame zuke kaH prabhAvo'bhavat ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate the following): (ka) kathA sunakara hama kyA kareMge? (What shall we do after listening to the story . (kha) mahArASTra aura tAmilanADu ke bIca meM maisUra hai / (Mysore lies between Maharashtra and Tamilnadu). (ga) ziSya bhI guru ke pIche cale ge| (Disciples followed the teacher). (gha) are, z2ora se bolo / (Oh! speak louder). (Ga) per3oM para mata baiTho / (Don't sit on trees). yA - 00 6.

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Teaching Point : zAnaca tRtIyaH avAJchitaH upadezaH pAThaH nIDam : dhArAsAraH 1 varSa kampbAdha Arta hanta vepa kliz upadeSTrakupita prakopaH payaHpAnam bhujaMgaH CONU - gaMgA-taTe AsIt kazcana vRkSaH / tatra anekAni nIDAni Asan yeSu khagAH svaiH zAvakaiH saha sukhena vasanti sma / eSa varSartuH AsIt / ekasmin dine dhArAsAraiH avarSat devaH / svAn prANAn rakSituM sarve pazavaH itastataH adhAvan / kecittu kiJcit zaraNamavindan anye tu bahiH eva kampamAnAH sthitavantaH / zItaM tAn sarvAn bAdhate sma / paraM khagAH atIva AnanditAH Asan / te sukhena sveSu nIDeSu kUjanti sma / tadA kazcit vAnaraH taru-tale AgatavAn / taM zItAtaM dRSTvA svanIDAt ekaH khago'vadat-'hanta vAnara, tvaM zItena vepamAnaH klizyamAnaH ca tiSThasi / manuSyasya iva te api hastau pAdau ca santi / pazya, vayaM nirbalAH api svagRhANi racayitvA sukhena nivasAmaH' iti /

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vAnaraH kSudram upadeSTAraM dRSTvA tasmai bhRzamakrudhyat acintayat ca-kSudroDyaM jantuH mAm upadizatIti / varSAyAH anantaraM kupitaH vAnaraH utpatya vRkSaM gatvA khagAnAM nIDAni anAzayat / satyameva yatka .ATE F(Joot upadezaH hi mUrkhANAM prakopAya na shaantye|xitary payaHpAnaM bhujaGgAnAM kevalaM viSa-vardhanam / / | zabdArthAH | avAJchita anacAhA taTam taTa // nIDam varSartuH dhArAsAraH // varSa // || zaraNam kampa zItam bAdh talaH // Arta // (unwanted) anted) (shore) (nest) (rainy season) (non-stop rain) (to rain) (refuge) (to shiver) (cold) (to trouble) (below) (distressed) (oh !) (to shiver) (to be distressed) (weak) (to live) (advisor) (rain) (angry) (indeed) (anger) (serving milk) = ghoMsalA varSA Rtu = mUsalAdhAra = barasanA zaraNa = kA~panA = sardI nAma = taMga karanA nIce kA bhAga duHkhI OETS = are = kA~panA = duHkhI honA kamaz2ora rahanA = upadezaka = bAriza = krodhita = vAstava meM krodha = dUdha pilAnA hanta || vepa kliz nirbala ni + vas upadeSTra varSA kupita || ha // prakopaH payaHpAna

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bhujaMgaH - viSama mAnA nirbalaH = sA~pa (snake) = jahara kArADa (poison) vardhanam bar3hAnA (increasing) nae dhAtu (New Roots) varSa, kamp A, bAdh A, vepa A, kliz A nayA upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Root) ni + vasa nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)avAJchitaH avAJchitA avAJchitam ArtaH ArtA Artam nirbalA nirbalam upadeSTA upadeSTrI upadeSTra kupitaH kupitA kupitam naye avyaya (New Indeclinables)- hanta, hi naye mahAvare (New Idioms)- devaH varSati, zItaM bAdhate vizeSaH 'yuSmad' zabda ke SaSThI vibhakti ekavacana meM do rUpa hote haiM-'tava' yA 'te' / parantu 'te' vAkya ke Arambha meM nahIM AtA / (yuSmad has two genetive Singular forms-tava and at I The second form a does not occur in the beginning of a sentence).pAThagatam kathA kA sAra hai ki mUrkha ko upadeza na diyA jaae| parantu yadi mUrkha ko upadeza na diyA jAe to vaha nirA mUrkha hI raha jaaegaa| aisI avasthA meM kyA kiyA jAe ? yukti -saMgata uttara dIjie ? (The moral of the sotry is that we should not give advice to foolish people. But it is also true if a foolish person is not given any advice he or she will continue to remain foolish. In such a situation, what should we do? Support your answer with arguments.) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca2. yathApRSTa rUpa likhie (Give forms as required) paMlligama strIliMgam napsakAlagama vand + zAnac kamp + zAnaca bAdha + zAnaca kliz + zAnac

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3. avyaya chA~Tie (Select indeclinables) - zaraNam, aye, pRthivI, Arta, hanta, hi, ittham, antarikSam, atIva, antarA, taTam, uccaiH, kAraNam / saMskRta lekhanam 4. saMskRta-paryAya dIjie (Give Sanskrit synonyms)4 varSA, prakopaH, kupitaH, kamp, gamaya, jJA, vand / - anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) mA~ ko namaskAra karatI huI lar3akI prasanna hai / (Bowing to mother the girl feels happy). (kha) sardI se duHkhI bandara kA~pa rahA hai| (The distressed monkey is shivering with cold). bAhara mUsalAdhAra varSA ho rahI hai / (Outside, it is raining heavily). (gha) jIvana meM mUrkha hI duHkhI rahate haiN| (Only foolish people remain distressed in life). (Ga) baccoM ko sardI nahIM lagatI / (Children do not feel cold).

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Teaching Point: Nic caturthaH nyAyAlayaH pAThaH vivida nRt lipikaH lekhyama yathAkAlam upa sthApay vaittika tathyama prAyeNa otuw abhivaktA yaktiH pramANIka khaNDaya avadhAnam samyak prati kSip nyAyasya AlayaH eva nyAyAlayaH bhavati / vivadamAnau pakSau anAgatya nyAyamicchataH / atra ekaH nyAyAdhIzaH vartate / ekaH ca tasya sahAyakaH lipikaH bhavati / eSa lipikaH sarvANi lekhyAni avadhAnena rakSati yathAkAlaM ca tAni nyAyAdhIzasya sammukham upsthaapyti| nyAyAdhIzaH yat kiJcit api lekhayitumicchati saH tena lipikena lekhyti| kecana nyAyAlayAH vaittika -vivAdebhyaH eva bhavanti,anye ca duzcaritrANAm abhiyogebhyaH bhavanti / abhiyogeSu dvau pakSau bhavataH / nyAyAdhIzaH dvayoH eva pakSayoH kathanAni AkarNayati / kadApi rAjyameva ekataraH pakSaH bhavati / nyAyAdhIzaH sarvANi tathyAni samyak vicArya svaM nirNayaM zrAvayati / 12

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na ko'pi janaH prAyeNa svaM pakSaM svayameva upasthApayati / dvayoH eva pakSayoH abhivaktArau bhavataH / abhivaktA eva ekaM pakSaM tarkapUrvakaM sthApayati, anyasya pakSasya cAbhivaktA tAH yuktIH pratikSipati / ewal) nyAyAlayAH trividhAH bhavanti / prathamaH mANDalikaH nyAyAlayaH / eSa nyAyAlaya: pratyeka nagare eva prAyeNa vartate / mahAnagareSu ekAdhikA api nyAyAlayAH bhavanti / yadi kasmaicit api pakSAya mANDalika-nyAyAlayasya nyAyaH mAnyaH na bhavati tadA saH tasya nyAyasya virodhe ucca-nyAyAlayaM pramANIkaroti / asya nyAyAlayasyApi nirNayaH na mAnyaH bhavet cet tadA dezasya sarvocca-nyAyAlayaM pramANIkaroti / sarvocca-nyAyAlayasya nirNayaH eva antimaH bhavati / na taM khaNDayituM ko'pi samarthaH kaNAra oideperas | zabdArthAH // // || || || || nyAyAlayaH nyAyaH AlayaH vi + vad pakSaH nyAyAdhIzaH vat lipikaH lekhyam avadhAnam nyAyAlayaH yathAkAlam upa + sthApay vaittikaH vivAdaH duzcaritra abhiyogaH kathanam tathyam samyak DOESH vi + cAray // = adAlatAmAnA (court of law) = iMsAfa (justice) = ghara (house) = jhagar3A karanA (to dispute) = pakSa T0008 borihsry (side) = nyAyAdhIza jI (judge) DATE honA (to be) sTenogrAfara (Stenographer) mahattvapUrNa kAg2az2a (document) dhyAna (care) adAlata (court of law) samayAnusAra (at proper time) = sAmane rakhanA (to present) = dhana sambandhI (financial) jhagar3A (dispute) = bure caritra vAlA (bad character) = mukadamA (legal case) = kahanA, ukti (statement) = asaliyata (fact) __ acchI prakAra se (properly) = vicAra karanA (to think) // 13

Page #19
// // // // 1 // Paa // // // // cet // // (judgement) prAyaNAma aksara ko kara (often) madhIkAra abhivaktR = vakIla (lawyer) PIRATE tarka-pUrvakam = tarkoM ke sAtha nyAya (logically) kA yaktiH jamA dalIla kI (argument) kA prati + kSip = dalIla kATanA zira (to refute) Diza trividha 555 = 1 tIna prakAra kA (of three kinds) kamANDalika mArapen maMDala-sambandhI (divisional) virodhaH = virodha (opposition) ucca-nyAyAlayaH ucca-nyAyAlaya (high court) pramANI + kR apIla karanA (to appeal) mAnya mAnane yogya (agreeable) yadi sarvocca-nyAyAlaya : sarvocca nyAyAlaya (Supreme Court) antima (final) khaNDa tor3anA (to break) nae dhAtu (New Roots) - vRt A, khaND nae upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) - vi + vad A, up + sthApay, vi + cAray, prati + kSip, pramANI + kR nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)vaittikaH vaittikI vaittikam duzcaritraH duzcaritrA duzcaritram trividhaH trividhA trividham mANDalikaH mANDalikI mANDalikam mAnyaH mAnyA mAnyam antimA antimam nae avyaya (New Indeclinables) .yathAkAlam, samyak, prAyeNa, cet = AkhirI // // antimaH abhyAsaH pAThagatam__ 1. yadi nyAyAlaya na hote to kyA sthiti hAtI ? (If there were no courts of law what would be the condition?) 14

Page #20
2. vibhinnana nyAyAlayoM meM nyAyAdhIzoM kI niyukti kauna karatA hai ? (Who appoints judges in different courts ?) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca3. Nijanta rUpa batAie (Make causatives) dekhie pRSTha (See page 101) likh, sthA, zru, car 4. AtmanepadI evaM parasmaipadI dhAtue~ alaga-alaga kIjie (Separate Atmanepada and Parasmaipada roots) -- vRt, vand, khaNDay, kliza, vad, vi + vad, varSa, vep saMskRta-lekhanama pa ra uttara dIjie (Answer)(ka) nyAyAlaye lipikaH kiM karoti ? (kha) nyAyAdhIzaH nyAyaM kathaM karoti ? (ga) nyAyAlayAH ke santi ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) nyAyAdhIza acchI prakAra se vicAra kare / (The judge should consider it well). (kha) sAre mahattvapUrNa kAg2az2a upasthita karo / (Present all the important documents). (ga) ina yuktiyoM ko kauna kATa sakatA hai ? (Who can rebut these arguments). (gha) rAste meM vartamAna AdamI ghoSaNA kara rahA hai / (A man standing on the way is making an announcement). (Ga) Aja guru loga pariNAma sunaaeN| (Today, the teachers should announce the result). yA PETTE 15

Page #21
a Teaching Point :kArikI ki zivAja vimAna (i) vAcya, (ii) mahat-declension Prarupam a pur paJcamaH saMgaNakam (kampyUTara:) pAThaH kautukam yathArthataH atikrAnta upakalpanam / nimiSaH / viSama sUkSmatA zaka samAdhAnam . maSa racayitA kIdRza Sri--asibner blue S vijJAnasya etat yugam / yatra kutrApi dRSTi: gacchati tatraiva vijJAnena AviSkRtaM kimapi dRzyate / gRhaM syAt kAryAlayaH vA, ApaNaH syAt udyogAlayaH vA, sarvatraiva vijJAnasya camatkArAn pazyAmaH / api candrayAtrA bhavet maMgalayAtrA vA, nAnubhUyate kimapi kautukmdy| navInena AviSkAreNa vigataH AviSkAra: atikrAntaH dRshyte| ki yantramapi mastiSka-yuktaM bhavitumarhati iti kena pUrvaM cintyate sma / paraM satyamevaitat yat mastiSkamapi bhavati yantreSu / tAni yantrANi AkarNayanti, vicArayanti vicArasya pazcAt ca samucitAni uttarANi ycchnti| kimetat yantram ? kiM jJAyate yuSmAbhiH ? etasyAbhidhAnam asti saMgaNakam (kampyUTaraH) iti / mahatsu ApaNeSu vikrayasya gaNanA, mahatsu upAhAragRheSu mUlya-patrakANAm upakalpanaM nimiSeNaiva saMgaNakasya sahAyatayA bhavati / __16

Page #22
etat saMgaNakaM dvividhaM bhavati-AMkikam (DijiTala) vizleSakaM (ainalAga) ca / prathamena tAvat viSamatamAnAmapi gaNanAnAM vidhAnaM kSaNenaiva kriyate / nirvAcanasya matAnAM gaNanA syAt, candrayAtrAyAH kAryakramaH vA syAt, vividhAnAM parIkSANAM pariNAmasya upakalpanaM vA bhavet, sarvamapi etat AMkikena saMgaNakena yathArthataH sUkSmatayA ca kartuM zakyate / vizleSakaM ca saMgaNakaM samasyAnAM samAdhAnaM karoti / vividhAnAM viSayANAM samasyAbhyaH vividhAH saMgaNakAH bhavanti / tasyaiva viSayasya yA kA'pi samasyA bhavet, sA tasya puraH upasthApyate / tasya uttaraM drAk eva tena dIyate / yadi uttaraM na jJAyate tadA saMgaNakena kathyate-'mRSyatu bhavAn / na jJAyate' iti / mahat etat yantram / paraM ko'sti etasya racayitA ? kIdRzI mahatI buddhiH bhavettasya iti cintayata / oido mAjI hoaiswal | zabdArthAH ni // // // // // // // AviSkRta kAryAlayaH udyogAlayaH AviSkAraH vigata atikrAnta yantram mastiSkam arha samucita uttaram vikrayaH gaNanA mUlyapatrakam upakalpanam mahat // AviSkAra kiyA huA daftara = kArakhAnA AviSkAra pichalA pIche rahA huA mazIna dimAg2a yogya honA bilkula ucita = javAba bikrI = ginatI bila taiyAra karanA bar3A = palaka-mAtra = hoTala (invented) (office) (industrial house) (invention) (last) (surpassed) (machine) kA (brain) (to be able) (very appropriate) (answer) (sale proceeds) (counting) (bill or invoice) (preparing) (big) gaNa (twinkle of an eye) // // // // nimiSaH upAhAragRham (hotel) arrespont

Page #23
|| // // // vividha gAvAzI do prakAra kA vI-1 (of two kinds) visaraNaER kaThina ISIST difficultukAkA vidhAnasabhAmAzA karanAPAudoing) nirvAcanam = cunAva koNa (election) prayoga matam zAzIlA = voTa tinanA (vote) yathArthataHkAra gaThIka rUpa se chAtImA (accurately) uDI sUkSmatAkA bArIkI - (precision) zak sakanA (to be able) samasyA kizora samasyA (problem) samAdhAnam saMdeha-nivAraNa (clearing doubt) viSayaH viSaya (subject) mRS kSamA karanA (to pardon) racayitR banAne vAlA (maker) kIdRza kaisA (of what sort) // // // // // // // nayA rUpa (New Declension)-mahat (pRSTha 87) nae dhAtu (New Roots) -ahUM, zak, mRS ag faSTOUT (New Adjectives) AviSkRtaH peacual AviSkRtA bAga AviSkRtam vigataHenilosm) vigatA vigatam atikrAntaH hiandi atikrAntA atikrAntam samucitaH hAta samucitA ko samucitam mahAn dadi mahatI mAjI mahat viSamaH Sans viSamA viSamam racayitR saal racayitrI racayitR kIdRzaH - kIdRzI kIdRzam odiovitriotlidar vizeSaH vidhiliG prayoga vAle vAkya ke Arambha meM 'api' kA prayoga hotA hai-sambhAvanA ke artha meM (31f4 is used in the beginning of a sentence with a fafufete verb form. The meaning conveys probability).

Page #24
abhyAsaH pAThagatam saMgaNaka kitane prakAra ke hote haiM aura unakA kArya kyA-kyA hai ? (What are different types of computers and what are their functions ?) ..."bAleSu prabhuNA bhASA vyAkaraNaMca2. 'mahat' ke ucita rUpoM se rikta-sthAnoM kI pUrti kIjie (Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of mahat)- fi. janAH "nAryaH nagarIya "yAtrAm "gaNanA rogI Py latAsu "zAradAyai saMskRta lekhanam3. saMskRta-zabdAn likhata (Give equivalents in Sanskrit)-galI kI pichalA, kaisI, racanA karane vAlI, cunAva, palaka, bila, bikrI / kAya anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) yaha ginatI usase jyAdA muzkila hai / (This number system is more difficult than that). (kha) kampyUTara bilkula ThIka taraha se gina sakatA hai| (A computer can count very precisely). kSamA kIjie, maiM hoTala nahIM jA sakatA / (Excuse me, I cannot go to the hotel). (gha) mAtRbhUmi hamAre lie kyA nahIM karatI ? (What doesn't our motherland do for us?) (Ga) hamAre dvArA mahAn puruSa dekhe jAte haiM / (Great people are seen by us). (ca) vaha kyoM ha~satA hai ? (karmavAcya) / (Why does he laugh ?) (in Passive)

Page #25
Teaching Point: (i) kt, (ii) idam-declension SaSThaH paNDita-purandaraH ambikAdatta-vyAsaH pAThaH vizrata prAnI antarAyaH purandaraH gadyam nikaSa: sAhityika samakAlika prAMjala mArociSNa atirica zatAvadhAna prazaMskI ruca mA gadyaM kavInAM nikaSaM vadantIti sAhityikAnAM maNDale prasiddhA uktiH / saMskRta-sAhitye padye eva racanA adhikam adhigmyte| gadyasya lekhakAH na santi bahavaH / subandhuH daNDI bANabhaTTaH ceti trayaH eva vizrutAH gadye kRtikArAH / ambikAdatta-vyAsena api gadye eva likhitam / zrI vyAsaH hindI-bhASAyAH prasiddhasya lekhakasya bhAratendu-harizcandrasya samakAlikaH AsIt / / zrI vyAsaH saMskRte zivarAjavijayaH iti nAma upanyAsaM likhitavAn / zivAjI-vIrasyaiva kathAtra gumphitA / hindI-bhASAyAH upanyAsasya zailI eva tenAtra anusRtA / upanyAse dvAdaza niHzvAsAH vartante / bhASA'sti atIva prAMjalA sumadhurA sulalitA ca / upanyAso'yam atIva rociSNuH / zivarAjavijayamatiricya paJcAzat anyAnyapi pustakAni hindI-bhASayA saMskRta-bhASayA cAnena praNItAni / kimA zrI vyAsaH zatAvadhAnaH AsIt / saH saMskRtena padyAni api praNItavAn / zrI bhAratendunA api tasya kavitAH prazaMsitAH / ekayA ghaTikayA zataM zlokAn sa praNayati sma / zAstrArthAH api tasmai rocante sma / sarvadA sarvatraiva zAstrArtheSu tasya vijayo'bhavat / ArthikAH antarAyAH tena pratipadam anubhUtAH / dezasya anekAbhiH sabhAbhiH anekaiH padaiH padakaiH ca sa sammAnito'bhavat / 20

Page #26
sa raonday | zabdArthAH purandaraH gadyam || nikaSaH // // sAhityika maNDalam padyam racanA vizruta samakAlika upanyAsaH || || zailI idam niHzvAsaH prAMjala sulalita sammAnita rociSNu ati + ric = indra, rAjAmA (king) aSTavAna = gadya (prose) = kasauTI (testing stone) = sAhityika (connected with literature) samudAya, samUha (circle) padya TApii (verse) racanA (creation, work) prasiddha (well-known) jIvana samakAlIna (contemporary) pppl upanyAsa (a novel) = zailI (style) yaha (this) = adhyAya (chapter) = spaSTa (lucid) = ati rucikara (very interesting) m = pratiSThita (respected) manohara (charming) = pIche chor3anA, ke alAvA (to leave behind, in addition to) = racanA karanA (to compose) = aneka bAtoM kA eka (one who attends to many sAtha dhyAna karane vAlA things at a time) = prazaMsA karanA (to praise) = 24 minaTa (24 minutes) = saMskRta-padya (Sanskrit verse) = zAstrIya vivAda (scriptural discussion) = acchA laganA (to be pleasing) = jIta (victory) = dhana-sambandhI (financial) - kaThinAI (difficulty) mAjI 150sarv // pra + nI zatAvadhAna pra + zaMs ghaTikA zlokaH zAstrArthaH ruca vijayaH Arthika antarAyaH // 21s

Page #27
pratipadam hara kadama para (at every step) sabhA sabhA (society) padam = darjA, pada (rank) padakam = tamag2A, padaka (medal) nayA rUpa (New Pronoun)--idam (pRSTha 89) nayA dhAtu (New Root) ruc A nae upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Root) ati + ric A, pra + nI, pra + zaMs nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) sAhityika (ORE sAhityikI sAhityikam vizrutaH vizrutA vizrutam samakAlikaHGovo samakAlikI samakAlikam prAMjalaH ( prAMjalA prAMjalam sumadhuraH sumadhurA sumadhuram sulalitaH sulalitA sulalitam sammAnitaH sammAnitA sammAnitam rociSNuH rociSNuH rociSNu zatAvadhAnaH bapath.zatAvadhAnA zatAvadhAnam ArthikaH Sadarlmi ArthikI Arthikam 18 zAyara nayA avyaya (New Indeclinable)-pratipadam upapada vibhaktiH 'ruc' dhAtu ke yoga meM jise rucikara ho usake vAcaka zabda meM caturthI vibhakti (The word for the person who likes gets the fourth vibhakti when the root so is used). nayA- muhAvarA (New Idiom)--paNDita -purandaraH ra itions (Gosaipzibistory rani2salasdom abhyAsaHjAra pAThagatama 1. zrI vyAsa ke vyaktitva kI pramukha vizeSatAe~ batAie (Tell main points of Vyasa's personality). 22

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bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca2. ktavatu' ke sthAna para 'kta' kA prayoga kIjie aura vAkyoM meM anya Avazyaka parivartana kIjie (Replace ktavatu with kta and make necessary changes in sentences) nRpaH vanaM gatavAn / te calitavantaH / nRpaH zukaM pRSTavAn / munayaH mAm AnItavantaH / kaviH kavitAM praNItavAn / 'idam' ke vibhinna rUpoM se rikta sthAnoM kI pUrti kIjie (Fill in the blanks with G4 forms) vanAni / granthebhyaH raajye|aaulaa priikssaa| phale / dharmaH / "janeSu / gatiH / divasAnAm / saMskRta-lekhanam4. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) zivarAjavijayasya racayitA kaH AsIt ? (kha) zivarAjavijayasya bhASA kIdRzI asti ? kA5. anuvAda kIjie (Translate) (ka) unake dvArA kyA kiyA gayA ? (What was done by them ?) (kha) isake alAvA pacAsa aura pustakeM unake dvArA likhI giiN| (Besides this, another fifty books were written by him.) (ga) isa upanyAsa kI bhASA madhura hai / (The language of this novel is lucid.) (gha) unhoMne aneka padaka prApta kie / (He received many medals.) - FACNETH 23

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Teaching Point: tavya yahI mitikA saptamaH patrama mitraM prati pAThaH atmidiovAtajAti ho ki nikAyakAhIhI ciram sam + pad vRttAntaH graha vastutaH abhiyantA anusandhAnamyA vRttiH tAvat yAvat purAtana api ca gRdh mahattvAkAMkSA vyavasthita manISA man ni + vedaya sI-3/26, rohataka-mArgAt, navadillItaH 29-8-2002 priya mitra saMdIpa, atra kuzalaM, tatrAstu / prAptaM te patram / ciramutsukaH Asam te patramadhigantum / jJAtaH ca sarvaH vRttAntaH / mAsenaiva parIkSA sampatsyate / asyAH parIkSAyAH anantaraM navamyAM kakSAyAM ke viSayAH asmAbhiH grahItavyAH iti tvayA ahaM puSTaH / asmin viSaye mayA bahu vicAritam / atrAsti ca me sammatiH - _____ vastutaH ye api viSayAH asmabhyaM rocante te eva asmAbhiH ptthitvyaaH| teSu eva kRta-parizramAH chAtrAH prasIdanti saphalatAM cAdhigacchanti / prAyeNa tu medhAvinaH chAtrAH cikitsakAH abhiyantAraH vA bhavitaM cintayanti / nAsti tatra kAcit api hAniH / paraM cintayAmi yat kathaM na mayA bhautika-zAstraM paThitvA tasmin eva viSaye anusandhAnaM kartavyam ? asyAM vRttyAM nAsti bahu dhanaM, nAsti bahu sukhaM ca / paraM kim etat dhanAdikameva jIvanasya sarvasvam ? kiM tvamapi na cintayasi yat vijJAna-kSetre asmAkaM deze na tAvatI unnatiH dRzyate yAvatI vartate anyeSu dezeSu / ataH kathaM na bahubhiH janaiH vijJAnaM paThitvA atrApi kiJcit kartavyam ? ataH dezasya AvazyakatAM dRSTvA vayamapi jIvane vaijJAnikAH bhUtvA dezam unnayema / vijJAna-viSayeNa saha asmAbhiH saMskRtamapi paThitavyam / saMskRtasya purAtanaM sulalitaM sAhityaM paThitvA vaidezikAH api camatkRtAH abhavan, tat ca asmAbhiH api paThitavyam / api ca, saMskRte asti purAtanaM vijJAna-sAhityamapi / tat paThituM saMskRtasya vijJAnasya ca dvayoH eva jJAnam Avazyakam / 24

Page #30
kiM bahunA ! na vayaM gRdhyAma artheSu / nAsti me mahattvAkAMkSA dhanamUlA / dezasya AvazyakatA eva me AvazyakatA / eSA mama vyavasthitA manISA / manye yat tava sammatiH api atra bhaviSyatIti / gurubhyaH me praNAmaM nivedaya / of ciram i) utsuka sama + pad vRttAntaH navama graha vastutaH kRta-parizrama saphalatA medhAvin cikitsaka: (stiesb) (availsd of) (bls) (b) abhiyantR hAniH bhautika-zAstram anusandhAnam vRttiH Adika tAvat yAvat purAtana vaidezika camatkRta api ca = bahuta dera se |||||||||||||||| = utsuka = = = = = || || | || H = saphalatA |||||||||| = = = = = // // // // // // = = zabdArthAH sampanna honA hAlacAla navA~ grahaNa karanA vAstava meM jisane parizrama kiyA hai buddhimAn DAkTara iMjIniyara hAni bhautikI zodha-kArya pezA Adi kADIhI chiTa TFFIF utanA jitanA 25 (for a long time) (eager) (to be accomplished ) boxcilor (state of being) (29vila (ninth) (to take) (in fact) kA TERSTARS purAnA videzI vismayapUrvaka cakita aura (doctor) "(engineer) (harm) 2015 (one who has put in hardwork) fra f (success) kazI (intelligent) (physics) (research) (profession) (etc.) abhinnaH tezacIndraH ((that much) (as much) (ancient) (foreigner) (charmed) (moreover)

Page #31
bar3e 0008 gadhAra kA lAlaca karanA (to be greedy) kI mahattvAkAkSA PIEETpadecchA ETEREE (ambition) dhanamUla = jisakI jar3a meM dhana hai| (one having money at the root) vyavasthita = nizcita (determined) manISA icchA (desire) mana mAnanA (to believe) guru (elder) praNAmaH - namaskAra (regards) ni + vedaya = nivedana karanA (to offer) abhinna amols TO) = abhinna mA (inseparable) naye dhAtu (New Roots) - graha, gRdha, man A upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots)- sam + pad A, ni + videy naye vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) - utsukaHHALODutsukA mAta utsukam mitamAmAta navamaH i) navamI navamam kRtaparizrama: HC kRtaparizramA kAma kR taparizramam gaNa medhAvI drawbus medhAvinI medhAvi Adika (2202012) AdikA Adikama tAvAn uringilish tAvatI tAvat yAvAn (10bob yAvatI yAvat purAtanaH (1356ons) pAtanI prAtanam vaidezikaH vaidezikI camatkRtaH (blavido camatkRtA camatkatama dhanamala: (2180237) dhanamUlA ka-zAha dhanamUlammA vyavasthitaH ko vyavasthitA alaga vyavasthitam abhinnaH abhinnA jItimA abhinnam naye avyaya (New Indeclinables) ciram, vastutaH kAraka-vibhaktiH jaba samaya evaM dUrI sUcaka zabdoM dvArA kArya kI pUrNatA prakaTa ho, to samaya-dUrI-sUcaka zabdoM meM tRtIyA vibhakti lagatI hai (Words denoting time or distance gets the third vibhakti if the completion of work is implied). vaidezikam 26

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vizeSa: nioggnidoest Adika aura isake paryAyavAcI zabda vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta hote haiM (Adika or its synonyms behave like adjectives)-- rAmakRSNAdikeSa puruSeSu / sItAsAvitryAdikAsu nArISa abhyAsaH pAThagatama 1. Apake jIvana kI mahattvAkAMkSA kyA hai ? saMkSepa meM likhie (What is the ambition of your life? Write in brief.) bhASA vyAkaraNa ca 2. 'tavya' ke rUpoM se sthAna pUrti kIjie (Fill in the blanks with tavya forms) bAlaiH granthAH ........ / bAlAbhiH mAtRbhUmiH ...... tvayA bahiH na / chAtraiH saMskRtam .. / gurubhyaH praNAmaH / asmAbhiH kiM ... ? 3. nirdiSTa rUpa dIjie (Give the required forms) kR + tavya, paTh + kta, pI + ktavatu, zru + kRtvA, grah + tavya, dRz + kta saMskRta-lekhanam4. anuvAda kajie (ka) kyA hAlacAla hai ? (How are you?) | (kha) kyA DAkTaroM ko bhI grantha par3hane cAhie~ ? (Should doctors also read books?) DHE (ga) hameM deza ko praNAma karanA cAhie / (We should salute our country.) (gha) hameM guruoM ke sAtha namratApUrvaka bolanA caahie| (We should talk teachers to our politely.) poSaka 00 zAka

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Teaching Point: go-declension aSTamaH jA yazolipsaH karNaH pAThaH yazolipsu abhedya kavacam kuNDalam labha yAca namasa + ka tiras + ka go sahasram mahartakam kSIram vAjin A + ruha vAraNa vRndam kanakam ziras avidhA ni+ kRt Frame widtimensidadhinining) m es Huiltin (devAH Asan pANDavAnAM sahAyakAH / indraH karNasya abhedyaM kavacaM kuNDale ca labdhumicchati / tadarthameva brAhmaNasya rUpe saH karNamupagacchati) kamANakA brAhmaNaH bhoH karNa ! mahattarAM bhikSAM tvAM yAce / karNaH dRDhaM prasannaH aham / karNo'ham / bhavantaM nmskromi| brAhmaNaH (Atmagatam) kiM mayA vaditavyam ? yadi dIrghAyuH bhava iti vadAmi tadA dIrghAyuH bhaviSyati / yadi na vadAmi tadA mUDho'yam iti mAM tiraskariSyati / bhavatu, dRSTam / (prakAzam) bhoH karNa ! sUryaH iva candraH iva himavAn iva sAgaraH iva tiSThatu te yshH| karNaH kiM na vaditavyaM dIrghAyaH bhaveti ? athavA etat eva zobhanam / bhagavan ! kimicchasi ? kimahaM yacchAni ? bAhmaNaH mahattarAM bhikSAM yaace| 28

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karNaH karNaH mahattarAM bhikSAM bhavate dAsyAmi / gavAM sahasraM yacchAmi / bAhahmaNa: gAvaH iti ? muhUrtakaM kSIraM pibAmi / necchAmi karNa ! necchAmi / karNaH kiM necchati bhavAn / idamapi AkarNayatu / vAjinAM sahasraM te yacchAmi ! brAhmaNaH azva iti ? muhUrtakamArohAmi / necchAmi karNa ! necchAmi ! karNaH kiM necchati bhavAn / vAraNAnAM vRndametat te yacchAmi / bAhmaNaH gaja iti ? muhUrtakamArohAmi / necchAmi karNa ! necchAmi ! kiM necchati bhavAn / aparyAptaM kanakaM ycchaami| bAhmaNaH suvarNaM gRhItvA gacchAmi / (kiMcit gatvA) tena kim ? necchAmi karNa ! necchAmi ! karNaH tadA jitvA pRthvIM dAsyAmi / brAhmaNaH pRthivyAH kiM kariSyAmi ? brAhmaNo'ham ! karNaH tena hi mama ziraH yacchAmi / brAhmaNa: avidhA ! avidhA ! karNaH alaM bhayena / prasIdatu bhavAn / idaM kavacaM kuNDale ca dAtumicchAmi / bAhmaNaH yacchatu yacchatu ! karNaH (Atmagatam) eSa evAsya kAmaH / kiM nu kRSNasya eSa upAyaH / so'pi bhavatu ! (nikRtya yacchati) - bhAsakRta-karNabhArAt | zabdArthAH yazolipsu = yazalobhI (fame-greedy) abhedya = aTUTa (unbreakable) kavacam = rakSAkavaca (armour) kuNDalam = kAna kA AbhUSaNa (ear-ring) labha pAnA (to get) rUpam zakla bhikSA = bhIkha (alms) yAca = mA~ganA (to beg) dRDham = atyadhika (very much) namas + kR = namaskAra karanA (to salute) Atmagatam = apane-Apako (to oneself) - lambI umra vAlA (one with long life) mUDha (foolish) tiras + kR tiraskAra karanA (to insult) bhavatu acchA ! (well !) 29 || || || || // // (form) // // // // // dIrghAyu // // mUrkha // //

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// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // ziras // prakAzam spaSTa (openly) himavat himAlaya (Himalaya) sAgaraH samadra (ocean) zobhana sundara, ThIka (alright) gAya (cow) sahasram haz2Ara (thousand) muhUrtakam kSaNa-bhara (for-a-while) kSIram dadha (milk) vAjin ghor3A (horse) A + ru car3hanA (to ride) vAraNa hAthI (elephant) vRndam jhuNDa (multitude, herd) aparyApta bahuta adhika (a lot of) kanakam = sonA (gold) suvarNam = sonA (gold) pRthvI = pRthvI (the earth) = sira (head) avidhA = bacAo, bacAo (help! help!) saharSam = khuzI ke sAtha (happily) kAmaH = icchA (desire) = (saMdeha-prazna-vAcaka avyaya) (particle denoting doubt &question) ni + kRt 3D kATanA (to cut) nayA rUpa (New Noun)--go (pRSTha 87) nae dhAtu (New roots)--labh A, yAc A nae upasarga yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots)-namas + kR, tiras + kR, A + ruh, ni + kRt nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) lipsuH lipsuH lipsa abhedyaH abhedyA abhedyam dRDhaH dRDhA dRDham dIrghAyuH dIrghAyuH dIrghAyu mUDhaH mUDhA mUDham // // // //

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zobhanaH aparyAptaH nae avyaya (New Indeclinables ) -- dRDham, bhavatu, prakAzam, muhUrtakam, avidhA, nu kAraka vibhakti: pAThagatam 1. 'yAc' dhAtu dvikarmaka hai| jisase mA~gA jAe aura jo kucha mA~gA jAe, donoM ke vAcaka zabda dvitIyA vibhakti meM (yAc admits two objects. The words for the person asked of, and the thing asked for take the second vibhakti). vizeSa : saMkhyA kahane ke do DhaMga (Two ways for expressing numbers) - gavAM sahasram, sahasram gAvaH zobhanA aparyAptA bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 2. 3. abhyAsaH karNa ne nijI yaza kI rakSA ke lie apane dala kI paravAha na kI / kyA Apa isase sahamata haiM ? yuktisaMgata uttara dIjie (Karna protected his own glory but did not care for the group he belonged to. How far do you agree with his action? Support your answer with arguments). prathamA dvitIyA caturthI SaSThI saptamI 'go' zabda ke rUpa likhie (Decline go) -- zobhanam aparyAptam saMskRta-lekhanam (Translate)-- anuvAda kIjie (ka) karNa haz2Ara gAe~ denA cAhatA thA / ( Karna wanted to give a thousand cows). (kha) guruoM se vidyA mA~go / (Ask for knowledge from teachers). (ga) jo kIrti mA~gatA hai vaha nahIM pAtA / ( One who asks for glory does not get it). (gha) gauoM ke sAtha kise jAnA cAhie ? (Who should go with the cows ? ) (Ga) acchA, thor3I dera to Thaharo / ( Okay, wait a minute.) 31

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Teaching Point: Atmanepada-laG navamaH svatantratA-saMgrAmaH (ka) pAThaH Ayalayata yadhabheTanIti avalamba yojaka anuzAsana-satramA samAja-sevakaH dharma-pravartaka zikSA-zAstrI mahattvam bhAvanA purA bhAratIyeSu ekatAyAH abhAvaH AsIt / etat dRSTvA aneke vaidezikAH atrAgacchan asmAn cAjayan / anantaram AMglIyAH atrAgacchan / bhAratam AyattaM kartuM SaSTi varSANi te ayatanta / asmin kAle mahArASTrasya pezavAnAnA-sAhabaH (dvitIyaH), maisUrasya TIpU sultAnaH, indaurasya ca yazavantarAvaholkaraHAMglIyaiH saha pratipadam ayudhyanta / param AMglIyAH caturAH Asan / te bhedanItim avalambya krameNa sarvameva bhAratam Ayattamakurvan / 1857-tame varSe bhAratasya prathamaH svatantratA-saMgrAmaH abhvt| asmin saMgrAme aneke vIrAH Asan, yathA-maMgala pAMDe, dhundhupanta, nAnA sAhaba pezavA, bahAdurazAha japharaH, jhA~sI-rAnI lakSmIbAI, tAtyA Tope, ku~varasiMhaH cetyAdayaH / param eteSAM sarveSAM vIrANAM yojakaM kimapi. anuzAsana-sUtraM nAsIt / asmAt eva kAraNAt kA'pi yojanA saphalA nAbhavat / tadanu rAjArAmamohanarAyaH, paramahaMsaH rAmakRSNa-devaH, aravindaghoSaH, svAmidayAnandaH, sara saiyada ahamada khA~ anye cApi kecit samAjasevakAH, dharma-pravartakAH zikSA-zAstriNaH ca svatantratAyAH vicArAn mahattvaM ca sarvatra prAsArayan / eteSAM prayatnaiH svatantratAyAH bhAvanA sarvatra prasRtavatI / 32

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1885-tame varSe akhila rASTriya-mahAsabhA (iNDiyana nezanala kAMgresa) asthApyata / dAdA bhAI naurojI, gopAlakRSNa gokhale, lokamAnyaH tilakaH, lAlA lAjapatarAyaH,vipinacandrapAlaH anye ca kecana netAraH svAtantryazikhAM sarvatra prAjvAlayan / || zabdArthAH ekatA = saMgaThana (unity) abhAvaH = kamI (dearth, shortage) Ayatta = adhIna (subservient, slave) yat = koziza karanA (to try) yudh = yuddha karanA / (to fight) bhedanItiH = phUTa kI nIti (policy of dividing) ava + lamba = sahArA lenA (to cling, to support oneself on) svatantratA = Az2AdI (freedom) saMgrAmaH * = yuddha (war) Adi = Adi (etc.) yojaka = milAne vAlA (joining) anuzAsana-sUtram = anazAsana-rUpI dhAgA (thread of discipline) = yojanA (plan) samAja-sevaka = samAja-sevaka (social worker) dharma-pravartaka dharma kA ArambhakartA (founder of a religious sect) zikSA-zAstrin = zikSA-zAstrI (educationist) mahattvam mahattva (importance) bhAvanA bhAvanA (feeling) zikhA = jvAlA (flame) pra + jvAlay = jalAnA (to kindle) nae dhAtu (New Roots)--yat A, yudh A nae upasargayukta dhAtu (New Prefixed, Roots) - ava+lamb A, pra+jvAlaya yojanA // // // // 33

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yojakam Ftg farstoru (New Adjectives) AyattaH AyattA Ayattam yojakaH yojikA sevaka: sevikA sevakam pravartakaH pravarttikA pravartakam vizeSaH saMkhyAvAcaka vizeSaNa apane vizeSya kI vibhakti aura liMga kA anusaraNa karate haiM (Numerative adjectives get the vibhakti and the gender of the nouns they wualify.) abhyAsaH pAThagatam hama parAdhIna kyoM hue the? kyA ve avaguNa aba bhI hama meM haiM yA nahIM ? yuktisaMgata uttara dIjie (Why were we ruled by others? Do we still have those weaknesses ? Support your answer with arguments). 2. hameM Az2AdI pAne ke lie kyA kImata denI par3I-isa viSaya para eka laghu nibandha likhie (What price did we pay for getting our freedom. ? Write a short essay on this topic). bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 3. 'yat' aura 'yudh' ke laG lakAra meM rUpa likhie (Conjugate yat and yudh in laG) 4. pratyeka zabda se eka vAkya banAie (Make a sentence from each of the following)-- ava+lamb, tiras+kR, pramANI+kR, anu+sR saMskRta-lekhanam 5. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) vaidezikAH kayA nItyA asmAkaM dezamajayan ? (kha) svatantratAyai asmAkaM prayatnAH kimartha saphalAH na bhUtavantaH ? (ga) svatantratAyAH bhAvanA sarvatra kathaM prasRtavatI ? (gha) rASTriya mahAsabhAyAH sthApanA kadA bhUtavatI ? 34

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Teaching Point: Atmanepada-laG contd. dazamaH svatantratA-saMgrAmaH (kha) pAThaH ghaTa kANDam sUtradhAraH prabuddha laga krAntikArin mahAbhAgaH sAcivyam nirmANam baliH 1919-tame varSe 'jaliyAM-vAlA-bAga' kANDam aghaTata / tatra sahasrANi janAH AMglIyasainikaiH matyaM prApitAH / etena kANDena sarva bhAratamakampata / 1920-tame varSe mohanadAsa-karmacanda-gAndhI svatantratA-saMgrAmasya sUtradhAro'bhavat / tasya asahayogAndolanena sarvameva bhArataM prabuddhamabhavat / zrI-gAndhinA saha paMDita javAharalAla-neharU:, saradAra-vallabhabhAI-paTelaH, DA. rAjendraprasAdaH anye ca netAraH sarvANi sukhAni tyaktvA deza-kArye lagnAH / candrazekhara AjAdaH, bhagatasiMhaH, rAmaprasAda-bismilaH, lAlA haradayAlaH, khudIrAma-bosaH, 35

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vinAyakaH dAmodara-sAvarakaraH anya cAneke krAntikAriNaH svaM jIvanaM datvA svatantratA-dIpam ajvAlayan / subhASacandra vasuH mahAbhAgaH jApAna-vAsinAM sAcivyena barmA-pradeze bhAratasya rASTriya-senAyAH nirmANamakarot / ____etat sarvaM virodhaM dRSTvA sahauH balibhiH ca tRptAH bhUtvA AMglIyAH 1947-tame varSe agastamAsasya paJcadaze divase bhArataM tyaktvA svadezaM gatavantaH / vayaM ca itthaM svataMtratAm alabhAmahi / eSA asti kathA bhAratIyasya svataMtratA-saMgrAmasya / zabdArthAH kANDam kANDa (mishap) ghaTa = ghaTita honA (to happen) sUtradhAraH = netA (leader) asahayogAndolanam = asahayoga Andolana (non-cooperation movement) prabuddha = jAgRta (awakened) laga = laga jAnA (to attach oneself to) krAntikArin = krAntikArI (revolutionary) dIpaH dIpa (lamp) mahAbhAgaH = mahodaya, bhAgyazAlI (great, fortunate) vAsin = nivAsI (inhabitant) sAcivyam 3 sahAyatA (help) nirmANam = nirmANa (making) baliH = balidAna (sacrifice) nae dhAtu (New Roots) --ghaTa A, lag nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)prabuddhaH prabuddhA prabuddham -kArI -kAriNI mahAbhAga mahAbhAgA mahAbhAgam vAsI vAsinI vAsi vizeSaH prastuta pATha meM saMkhyAvAcaka vizeSaNa sahana zabda kA bahuvacana meM prayoga hai / isakA kAraNa yaha haiM ki yaha nizcita saMkhyA kA jJApaka nahIM hai, balki hajAroM isa bhAva kA paricAyaka hai (In this lesson, -kAri 36

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the numerative adjective H is used in plural, the reason being that it denotes an indefinite number - 'thousands of). 2. pAThagatam 1. gAMdhI jI ke asahayoga Andolana ke bAre meM Apa kyA jAnate haiM ? saMkSepa meM likhie (What do you know about Gandhi's non-cooperation movement. Write briefly.) krAntikAriyoM kA jIvana kisa prakAra kA thA ? deza ke lie marane kI tar3apa unake dila meM kyoM thI ? (How was the life of the revolutionaries ? Why did they have such a burning desire to die for their country?) bhASA vyAkaraNa ca. 3. yat yudh yAc abhyAsaH laD pra0 pu0 laD ma0 pu0 laD u0 pu0 sam+pad laD ma0 pu0 ava+lamb laD u0 pu0 yathAnirdiSTa rUpa likhie (Give forms as required)-- 5. Www saMskRta-lekhanam 4. dezasya svatantratA - isa viSaya para saMskRta meM dasa vAkya likhie (Write ten sentences in Sanskrit on this topic.) 1111 anuvAda kIjie (Translate)-- (ka) yaha strI prayAga kI rahane vAlI hai / (This woman is from Prayaga). (kha) usake kamajora dosta ne koziza bhI nahIM kI / ( His weak friend did not 37 even try). (ga) senA tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| (Armed forces are of three types). isa prakAra kI sukhada mA~ durlabha hai / ( Such a comforting mother is hard to get). (Ga) sardI se saba striyA~ kA~pI / (All the women shivered with cold).

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Teaching Point: (i) aH+ ghoSa ekAdazaH supadyAni pAThaH mR (priya) abhiSekaH mRgendratA vid bhAratI vittam zrutavAn Azri(zraya) nirAmaya bhadram kam(kAmaya) apunarbhavaH ArtiH zubha(zobha) bakaH svAbhimAna-prazaMsA ekaH eva khago mAnI, ciraM jIvatu cAtakaH / mriyate vA pipAsAyAM, yAcate vA puraMdaram / / parAkrama-prazaMsA nAbhiSeko na saMskAraH siMhasya kriyate vane / vikramArjita-rAjyasya svayameva mRgendratA / / vidyA prazaMsA apUrvaH ko'pi koSo'yaM vidyate tava bhaarti| vyayato vRddhimAyAti kSayamAyAti saMcayAt / /

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dhanaM prati vyaMgyam yasyAsti vittaM sa naraH kulInaH, sa paNDitaH sa zrutavAn gaNajJaH / sa eva vaktA sa ca darzanIyaH, - sarve guNAH kAJcanamAzrayanti / / prANi-sevA-samIhA sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcit duHkha-bhAk bhavet / / na tvahaM kAmaye rAjyaM na svarga nApunarbhavam / kAmaye duHkha-taptAnA prANinAmArti-nAzanam / / bhUSaNaM kima? hastasya bhUSaNaM dAnaM satyaM kaNThasya bhUSaNam / zrotrasya bhUSaNaM 'zAstram bhUSaNaiH kiM prayojanam ? zikSA-mahattavam mAtA zatruH pitA vairI yena bAlo na pAThitaH / na zobhate sabhA-madhye haMsa-madhye bako yathA / zabdArthAH // // svAbhimAnam prazaMsA mAnin cAtaka svAbhimAna prazaMsA = svAbhimAnI = papIhA // // mR (mriya) pipAsA parAkramaH abhiSekaH saMskAraH vikramaH mRgendratA // (self-respect) (praise) (one having self-respect) (papiha-name of a particular bird) (to die) (thirst) (valour, strength) (coronation) (formal rite) (strength) (rank of the king of animals) maranA pyAsa tAqata rAjyatilaka aupacArika rIti tAkata pazurAja kA pada // // // // 39

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Q apUrva koSaH vid bhAratI vyayataH A + yA kSayaH saMcaya vittam kulIna zrutavat guNajJa vaktR darzanIya kAJcanam A + zri (zray ) nirAmaya bhadram duHkhabhAk kam (kAmay) svargaH apunarbhavaH tapta prANin ArtiH nAzanam vairin zubh (zobh) bakaH |||||||||||||||||| = = = = = = = |||||||||||||||||||||||| = = = = = = = = = = = |||||||||| = = = = = adbhuta khaz2AnA honA sarasvatI qharca karane se AnA nAza ikaTThA karanA dhana acche kula vAlA jJAnI = bhASaNa dene vAlA dekhane yogya, sonA Azrita honA nIroga kalyANa duHkha kA bhAgI cAhanA svarga mokSa du:khI prANI duHkha nAza sundara vairI acchA laganA bagalA (unique) (treasure). (to be) (goddess of Learning) 40 (by spending) (to come) (destruction) (collecting) (wealth) (well-born) (learned) (knower of virtues) (one who gives speeches) (handsome) (gold) (to rest) (healthy) (welfare) (sharer of distress) (to want ) (heaven) (freedom from birth and death) (distressed) (creature) (distress) (destruction) (crane) nae dhAtu (New Roots) - mR ( mriy) A, vid A, kam (kAmay) A, zubh (zobh) A nae upasarga yavata dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) - A + yA, A + zriM (zray) (enemy) (to look pleasing)

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nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)mAnI mAninI apUrvaH apUrvA kulInaH kulInA zrutavAn zrutavatI guNajJaH guNajJA vaktA vaktrI darzanIyaH darzanIyA nirAmayaH nirAmayA -bhAk vairiNI mAni apUrvam kulInam zrutavat guNajJam vaktR darzanIyam nirAmayam -bhAk vairi -bhAk abhyAsaH pAThagatam saMsAra meM parAkrama kI hI pUjA hotI hai / bar3e deza choTe dezoM ko dabA lete haiN| bar3I machaliyA~ choTI machaliyoM ko nigala jAtI haiM / isa bhAva kA apane zabdoM meM vistAra kIjie (Strength is worshipped inthis world. Big countries control smaller countries. Big fish swallow smaller fish. Elaborate this idea in your own words). 2. manuSya kI sabase bar3I kAmanA kyA ho sakatI hai? (What can be a human being's highest desire ?) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca sandhi yA sandhiccheda kIjie (Join or disjoin)khagaH+mAnI, abhiSeka:+na, vyayataH+vRddhiH, bAlaH+na, vismitaH+nRpaH, so'pi, vRkSam+gatvA, kAryAlayo vA 4. rikta sthAnoM kI pUrti kIjie (Fill in the blanks) (ka) yAcaka : (dhanika) (dhana) yAcate / (kha) chAtrAH ma (guru) (kRpA) yAcante / (asmad) idaM yantraM rocte| (gha) (mohana) (sohana) ca antarA tasya ekaH anyo'pi putro'sti / (Da) eSa (svamitra) anusarati / 41

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(ca) ....... (navadaza) bAlakAnAM bhojanasya prabandho'sti / (cha) aham etAn praznAn..... (kim) pRcchAni / saMskRta lekhanam5. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) kasya koSaH apUrvo'sti ? (kha) sarve guNAH kutra Azrayanti ? (ga) kA syAt asmAkaM manISA ? (gha) bAlasya zatruH ko'sti ? anavAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) koI svarga cAhatA hai to koI mokSa / (Some people want heaven while others wish for liberation). (kha) jJAna qharca karane se bar3hatA hai| (Knowledge increases by spending it). vaha bhASaNa dene vAlI strI vAstava meM darzanIya thI / (The worth looking at was lecturing was indeed). (gha) sabhA meM vidyamAna mUrkha zobhA nahIM detA / (A foolish person present in an assembly does not look good). (Ga) yuddha meM sainika mare / (Soldiers died in the battlefield).

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Teaching Point: sandhi = : +s, t sa . dvAdazaH gaNatantra-divasaH pAThaH gaNatantram sam + ni + pat A + yuja pratinidhiH ut + tula upakaraNam IkS pravartanam abhi + vAdaya . lakSam mud (mod) ullAsaH yAvat ubhayataH AISE HOTE bhArataM svatantro dezaH asti / atra janatAyAH pratinidhayaH eva rAjyaM cAlayanti / eteSAM pratinidhInAM paJca varSANi anu janatayaiva nirvAcanaM bhavati / prajAyAH kalyANAya prajayaiva yat zAsanamasti tat gaNatantramiti asmAkaM saMvidhAne ullikhitam / etasya saMvidhAnasya ca pravartanaM 1950-tame varSe janavarI-mAsasya SaDviMzatitamAyAM tArikAyAmabhavat / eSa eva divasaH anuvarSam gaNatantra-divasaH iti smaryate mAnyate ca / etasmin divase sarvasmin deze mahAn ullAso bhavati / mahAntaH ca saMbhArAH kriyante / pratinagaraM janAH saMnipatanti, rASTriya-dhvajam uttolayanti abhivAdayanti ca / rASTra prati asmAkaM . bhAratIyAnAM kiM karttavyamiti smaranti sarveSAM pradezAnAM rAjadhAnISa rAjakIyassamArohaH bhavati yatra svena bhASaNena pradezasya rAjyapAlassarveSAM karttavyaM smArayati / 43

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bhAratasya rAjadhAnyAM etasmin avasare vizeSassamAroho bhavati / rASTrapati-bhavanataH raktadurga yAvat ekA zobhA-yAtrA Ayojyate / etasyAM zobhAyAtrAyAM sainikAnAM pracalanaM, teSAM yuddhopakaraNAnAM pradarzanaM ca vizeSeNa darzanIyaM bhavati / prati-pradezaM ca ekaM kautuka-dRzyamapi tatra bhavati / etat draSTuM lakSANyeva janAH mArgam ubhayataH saMnipatanti / anye ca gRhe eva sthitAssarvam etat dUradarzananaiva IkSante modante ca / gaNatantradivasaH asmAkaM mahAn rASTriyaH utsavaH / zabdArthAH // // gaNatantram janatA pratinidhiH zAsanam savidhAnam ut + likh pravartanam tArikA anuvarSam ullAsaH saMbhAra: sam + ni + pat ut + tul abhi + vAday rAjadhAnI rAjakIya samArohaH rAjyapAla: vizeSa raktadurgam yAvat zobhAyAtrA A+yojaya pracanalam upakaraNam prajAtantra janatA = pratinidhi %D zAsana = saMvidhAna = varNana karanA %Arambha = tArIkha = hara varSa = khuzI = taiyArI = ikaTThe honA = phaharAnA = praNAma karanA = rAjadhAnI = zAsana kA = samAroha 3 rAjyapAla = vizeSa = lAlakilA 3 taka = julUsa = Ayojana karanA = prayANa, mAciMga = sAdhana sAmagrI (republic) (people) (representative) (rule) (constitution) (to mention) (beginning) (date) (every year) (happiness) (preparation) (to collect) (to hoist) (to salute) (capital) (official) (celebration) (governor) (special) (Red Fort) (till) (procession) (to organise) (marching) (implements //

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// // // // // pradarzanam dikhAnA mom (demonstration) kautuka-dRzyam - jhA~kI TREE (pageant) lakSam = lAkha (hundred thousand) ubhayataH = donoM ora (on both sides) IkSa = dekhanA (to see) mud (mod) = prasanna honA (to feel happy) nae dhAtu (New Roots) IkS A, mud (mod) A nae upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots)- ut + likh, sam+ni+pat, ut+tul, abhi+vAdaya, A+yojaya nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)rAjakIyaH rAjakIyA rAjakIyam vizeSaH vizeSA nae avyaya (New Indeclinables)anuvarSam, yAvat, ubhayataH kAraka-vibhaktiH 'ubhayataH' ke yoga meM Ae zabda meM dvitIyA vibhakti (Second vibhakti is used with the word coming with ubhayataH) vizeSam abhyAsaH pAThagatam gaNatantra divasa aura svatantratA divasa meM kyA antara hai ? spaSTa kIjie (What is the difference between Republic Day and Independence Day ? Explain.) 2. hamAre deza meM janatA kA hI zAsana hai-isa kathana para apanA mata prakaTa kIjie (It is people's rule in our country -- what is your opinion on thsi statement). bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 3. sandhi kIjie (Join)bAla:+tarati, maniH +tAn, kRtaH+saptAhe, chAtraH+saH, vizeSAH+saMbhArAH, sajjanaH+smaryate 45

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5. nina 4. karmavAcya kA rUpa dIjie (Change into passive form) dRz, likh, bhU, mAnaya, smR, kR, A+tul, A+yojaya, gaNa, nI, pra+zaMs saMskRta-lekhanam nimna viSaya para eka choTA-sA nibandha saMskRta meM likhie (Write a short essay in Sanskrit on the following topic)-- vidyAlaye gaNatantra-divasa samArohaH anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) 15 agasta ko hamArA svatantratA divasa hotA hai / (Fifteenth August is our Independence Day.) (kha) vivAha kI taiyAriyA~ ho rahI haiM / (Wedding preparations are going on.) (ga) Ao, jhaMDA phaharAe~ / (Come on, let us raise the flag.) (gha) hamAre vidyAlaya ke donoM ora DAkTara aura injIniyara rahate haiM / (On both sides of our school, doctors and engineers live.) W (Ga) isa prakAra ke rAjakIya kArya meM kauna bAdhA DAla sakatA hai ? (Who can cause obstruction in such a work of the government?) 00 2000000m gopmpoompoppopTHYADR NAGAPTITRAKARM 46

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Teaching Point : sandhi -padAnta e + a trayodazaH natya-kalApamA pAThaH adyatve atireka prakiTaya abhivyaktiH Adima prasphuTam pra+cal udgamaH AdhArIka vaiziSTyam sthalam nRtya-nATikA bahuzaH priyaMkara janaH svaM harSAtirekaM prakaTayituM nRtyati / harSAtirekasya abhivyaktiH nRtyenApi bhavati / santi anye'pi prakArAH harSasya abhivyakteH paraM teSu nartanameva mAnavasya AdimaH prakAraH iti prasphuTam / bAlo'pi yadA hRSyati saH nRtyati / utsaveSu janAH nAryaH ca nRtyanti / kalAsu nRtyameva Adimeti kecit / / nRtyasya dvau prakArau staH-lokanRtyaM zAstrIya-nRtyaM c| pratyeka pradeze vividhAni loka-nRtyAni dRzyante, yathA paJcanada-pradezasya bhaMgar3A iti, rAjasthAnasya ghUmara iti, gurjara-pradezasya garabA iti, mahArASTrasya kolI iti, himAcala-pradezasya paMgI iti, evaM cAnyatra anekAni lokanRtyAni pracalanti / paraM santi tatra anyAni nRtyAni yAni rASTriya staraM prAptAni, yathA1. bharata- nATyam-tAmila-nADu-pradezasya saiMjora iti nAma sthAne'sya udgamo'bhavat / devadAsInAm AsIt nRtyamidam / devAlayeSu asya vikAso'bhavat / 478

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2. katthakalI-purANAnAM kAMcit kathAmeva AdhArIkRtya mudrA-pradhAnam idaM nRtyamasti / 3. katthaka-mug2ala-kAle'sya prasAro'bhavat / zrI kRSNasyaiva kathA asyAdhAraH / 4. maNipurI-maNipurameva asya udgamasya sthAnam / sAmUhika nRtyameva asya vaiziSTyam / __ idamapi zrI kRSNasya kathAmeva AdhArIkaroti / GOOGOVER 5. oDisI-ur3IsA-pradezaH asya udgamasya sthalam / devadAsInAM nRtyamidaM devAlayeSu eva vikasitamabhavat / adyatve nRtya-nATikAnAM prasAraH bahuzaH dRzyate / vizva-vizrutaH udayazaMkaraH evAsti asya prakArasya pravartakaH / nRtya-nATikAyAM kA'pi priyaMkarA kathA nRtyena upsthaapyte| zabdArthAH nRtyam kalA // harSaH = nAca kalA = khuzI = adhikatA prakaTa karanA prakAzana tarIkA nAca = pahalA // atirekaH pra + kaTaya abhivyaktiH prakAraH nartanam Adim prasphuTam // (dance) (art) (happiness) (excessiveness) (to show) (manifestation) (manner) (dance) (first) (obvious) (to be delighted) (folk dance) // spaSTa // // : khuza honA lokanRtya lokanRtyam // 48

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zAstrIya nRtyam paJcanadapradezaH gurjara-pradeza: ________pra+cal staraH udgamaH devadAsI vikAsaH AdhArIkR mudrA - pradhAna prasAraH AdhAraH sAmUhika vaiziSTyam sthalam vikasita adyatve nRtya-nATikA bahuzaH priyaMkara == |||||||||||| - pradhAnaH sAmUhikaH vikasitaH priyaMkara: = = gujarAta prAnta = pracalita honA = = || || = vikAsa = AdhAra banAnA mudrA - pramukha = ||||||||||||||||||||| (amin = = = = zAstrIya nRtya paMjAba prAnta = sthAna = stara utpatti mandira kI sevikA = = prasAra AdhAra sAmUhika vizeSatA = Ajakala vikasita nRtya-nATikA bahuta adhika acchA lagane vAlA Adi - pradhAnA sAmUhika vikasitA priyaMkarI nae avyaya (New Indeclinables ) - prasphuTam, adyatve, bahuzaH 49 08 (classical dance) (Punjab State) (Gujarat State) (to be prevalent) (standard) (development) (to make base) (prominent in + expressions) (propagation) (base) opd sips (collective, group ) (characteristic) (birth) mea (female attendant in service of god) mer Kang Yun nayA dhAtu (New Root) - hRS Jamins nae upasarga yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) pra+kaTay, pra+cal, AdhArI+kR nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) AdimaH i (place) (developed) (these days) (ballet) (very much) (pleasing) SVE20 Adimam - pradhAnam sAmUhikam vikasitam priyaMkaram

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2. pAThagatam 1. nRtya eka kalAmaya vyAyAma hai- kyA Apa isa kathana se sahamata haiM ? tarka-saMgata uttara dIjie (Dancing is an artistic exercise. Do you agree with this statement? Support your answer with arguments.) (Sonsb Ishizer13: Jadaniy Taara 4. bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 3. 6. abhyAsaH bhArata meM zAstrIya nRtya kauna-kauna se haiM? unakA saMkSipta paricaya dIjie (What are the classical dances in India? Give a brief description of each). sandhi kIjie (Join)-- vRkSe+asmin vane+abhavat, anye +asya, sthAne+api, kAle+asti, bAle+anyaH saMskRta-lekhanam - 5. 'pra' upasarga ko nimnalikhita dhAtuoM ke pUrva lagAie aura artha batAie (Add pra before the following roots and tell the meaning) viz, sad, naz, sR, kaTay, hR uttara dIjie (Answer) - (ka) janasya harSAtirekasya abhivyaktiH kathaM bhavati ? (kha) kalAsu kA kalA AdimA kasya cedaM matam ? (ga) paJcAnAM lokanRtyAnAm abhidhAnAni likhata / (gha) nRtya-nATikAyAM kiM bhavati ? FEAT anuvAda kIjie (Translate) (ka) kalA se hIna manuSya pazu hai, aisA kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai| (Aman without art is an animal. This is the opinion of some escholars). caTapa (kha) zrI rAma kI kathA ko AdhAra banA kara nATaka hara nagara meM hotA hai / (A play based on the story of Lord Rama is played in every city). (ga) yaha kalA mandiroM se vikasita huI / (This art was developed in temples). (gha) jaba sainika prayANa karate haiM to sundara lagate haiM / (When soldiers march, they look beautiful). trikoNI (Ga) hamAre dvArA nRtya-nATikA dekhI gaI / (The ballet was seen by us.) oldsmissbr 50

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Teaching Point : Atmanepada-vidhiliG. caturdazaH pANDava-dUtaH kokaNa pAThaH Asanama daHkham jana mAyA dUtaH anAmaya prabhRtimIsamayaH sahadAyAdhama nAmazeSa zaThaH parAGmukha sampratigama hasva idAnIm dIrghakAlasaMbhramaHo kSipa duryodhanaH AH bhavAn prAptaH / etat Asanam / upavizatu bhavAn / bhoH dUta ! api kuzalinaH sarve mama bAndhavAH ! vAsudevaH evam / kuzalinaH sarve / yuSmAkam anAmayaM pRSTvA yudhiSThira-prabhRtayaH nivedayanti-samayena vayaM kAlaM vane anayAma / anekAni duHkhAni asahAmahi / adhanA dAyAdyasya asmAkama aMzaM prayacchati / duryodhanaH kathaM kathaM dAyAdyamiti ! vAsudevaH nRpa ! mA mA bhavAn ! evaM parasparaM virodhena zIghraM kuru-kulaM nAmazeSaM jAyeta / / duryodhanaH bhoH dUta ! na jAnAti bhavAn samudAcAram ! vAsudevaH bhoH suyodhana ! nanu kSipasi mAm / bhoH zaTha ! bhoH nRpAH ! gacchAmaH tAvat / duryodhanaH mA ayaM gacchet / na jAnAti dUtasya samudAcAram / taM kArAgAre kssip|maam (aneke kauravAH vIrAH vAsudevena saha yudhyante paraM parAGmukhAH patanti) 651

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duryodhanaH kiM sarve eva asamarthA : ? bhavatu ahameva daNDayAmi etaM dUtam / vAsudevaH kiM samprati suyodhanaH uttisstthti| bhavatu, suyodhanasya sAmarthya pshyaami| (mAyayA bhagavAn kRSNaH anekAni rUpANi dhArayati) duryodhanaH AH kutrAsti kezavaH ! ayaM kezavaH ! aho hasvaH ayaM kezavaH ! AH tiSTha idAnIm ! kutra kezavaH ! aho dIrghaH ayaM kezavaH ! ayaM kezavaH ! tatra kezavaH ! kimidam ! sarvatra kezavAH bhavanti / kiM kariSyAmi ? (saMbhrameNa sarve tiSThanti) -bhAsakRta dUtavAkyAt | zabdArthAH Asanam Asana (seat) dUtaH (messenger) anAmaya svAsthya (health) prabhRti Adi (etc.) samayaH samajhautA (agreement) duHkham daHkha (trouble) sahanA (to bear) dAyAdyam = paitRka saMpatti (inheritance) aMzaH hissA (share) kA pra+dA pra+ dAjI denA (to give) nAmazeSa // = samApta (finished) samudAcAra ucita vyavahAra (proper behaviour) jan honA, paidA honA (to be, to be born) = apamAna karanA,pheMkanA ! (to insult, to throw) = daSTa (wicked) kArAgAraH - jela post (jail) parAGamakhAjagIta = pachAr3a khAyA HP (one with face turned ( phalIji hama away) kalI ta // // // // // || saha || // // // // kSipa ma || zaThaH 52

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asamartha // // samprati sAmarthyam mAyA aho // asamartha T (incapable) = aba (now) tAkata (strength) = mAyA (avAstavika AbhAsa) (illusion-power). are ! (ah!) = choTA (small) aba (now) bar3A (big) = ghabarAhaTa (nervousness) // idAnIm dIrgha saMbhramaH // zaThA nae dhAtu (New Roots)- saha A, jan A nayA upasargayukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Root) - pra+dA nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) nAmazeSaH nAmazeSA zaThaH parAGmukhaH parAGmukhI asamarthaH asamarthA hasvaH hRsvA.sAt dIrghaH dIrghA naye avyaya (New Indeclinables)--samprati, aho nayA muhAvarA (New Idiom)--kAlaM nayati, nAmazeSa: nAmazeSam / zaTham parAGmukham asamartham hRsvam dIrgham abhyAsaHENTREJEbuvAyA pAThagatam___ 1. zrI kRSNa duryodhana ko suyodhana kyoM kahate haiM (Why does Lord Krishna call Duryodhana as Suyodhana ?) zrI kRSNa ne kisa prakAra duryodhana ko saMbhrama-yukta kiyA ?(How did Lord Krishna confuse Duryodhana ?) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca3. vidhiliG rUpoM se sthAna-pUrti kIjie. (Fill in the blanks with vidhiliG forms)- mokSAra 53

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pisaka (ka) asmAkaM deze vIrAH (jan) / (kha) vayaM sarve kAThinyAni (sah) / (ga) chAtrA: etAni kAryANi.......(ka) / (gha) pakSau nyAyAlayAt bahiH mA (vi+vad) (Ga) svapustakam vayam (paTh) / 4. yathApRSTa rUpa likhie (Give forms as asked) strI0 nAmazeSaH AdimaH priyaMkaraH medhAvI vArSikaH / saMskata-lekhanama5. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) dUtaH duryodhanAya prathamaM kimakathayat ? TE (kha) duryodhanaH zrIkRSNAya kimartham akrudhyat ? (ga) kiM kauravAH zrIkRSNena saha ayudhyanta, teSA ca kimabhavat ? (Ga) duryodhanam AgataM dRSTvA zrIkRSNaH kimakarot ? 6. anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) pANDavoM ne jaMgala meM samaya bitAyA / (Pandavas spent time in a forest.) (kha) pANDavoM kA kauravoM ke sAtha yaha samajhautA huaa| (Pandavas had this agreement with Kauravas.) (ga) paitRka sampatti kA hamArA aMza diyA jaae| (We should be given our share of the paternal property.) BREA (gha) isa prakAra kurukula kA nAma hI bAkI bacegA / (Thus the Kuru family's name alone will be saved.) En (Ga) aho, aba Apa bhI A ge| (Wow ! now you too have come!) kAjoindinaxnsidin) parIki kI kAmanA iFi emote 54

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Teaching Point: vidvas-declension paJcadazaH maiksamUlaraH pAThaH vAdyam pravatta bhavana-prathita vidvAna vidvad-dhaureya suprathita vi+smi (smaya) prabhRti parizIlanam bhASAntaram kRtiH anu+raMj videzeSu api aneke bhuvana-prathitAH saMskRta-vidvAMsaH ajAyanta, yathA-sara viliyama jonsa, DA0 je0jI0vUlara,vailaNTAina,kIlahAnamoniyara viliyama, DA0 harmana jaikobI, maiksamUlara maikaDAnala, kItha-prabhRtayaH / eteSu vidvatsu vidvad-dhaureyasya maiksamUlarasya nAma bhArate sarvatra suprathitam / maiksamUlara 1823-tame varSe ajAyata / saH mAtRbhaktaH AsIt / zaizave maiksamUlarAya saMgItam atIva priyamAsIt / 'piyAno' tasya priyaM vAdyam avartata / yadA maiksamUlaraH vizvavidyAlaye chAtraH AsIt tadA ekadA RgvedaM paThitvA saH bhRzaM vyasmayata / tadaiva ekadA phrAMsa-dezaM gataH saH viduSaH varnapha-mahodayasya veda-viSayakANi bhASaNAni AkarNayat / tadA prabhRti varnapha-mahodayaM sa gurum amanyata saMskRtasya adhyayanaM prati ca pravRtto'bhavat / iMglaiNDa-dezasya AksaphorDa iti nAma vizvavidyAlayamapi gatvA saH saMskRtasyaiva parizIlanaM kRtavAn / tasmin eva vizvavidyAlaye saH saMskRtasya prAdhyApako'bhavat / Rgveda-viSayakaM svaM kArya sa tatraiva praNItavAn / api ca, hitopadeza-meghadUtayoH bhASAntaramapi tena kRtam / saMskRta-sAhityasya itihAsaH saMskRta-vyAkaraNaM ceti dvau granthau api tasya kRtii| St bhAratAya bhaktiH bhAratIyebhyaH ca snehastasya hRdaye sadaiva avartata / bhAratIyAH api tasmin anurajyante snehena ca taM mokSamUlara iti kathayanti / 1gminsombro brsavita 55

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// // // // // (translation) zAsaka // zabdArthAH / bhuvana-prathita = saMsAra-prasiddha (world-famous) vidvas vidvAna (scholar) vidvada-dhaureya = zreSTha-vidvAn (best among scholars) suprathita = bahuta prasiddha (very famous) mAtR-bhakta = mAtA ke prati bhaktivAlA (devoted to ones mother) vAdyam = saMgIta-vAdya (musical instrument) vizvavidyAlayaH. = yUnIvarsiTI (university) vi+smi (smaya) = cakita honA (to be surprised) adhyayanam = par3hAI (study) pravRtta lagA huA (engaged) parizIlanam satata adhyayana (constant pursuit) viSayaka viSaya-sambandhita jire (concerned with the subject) prabhRti se lekara (from, ever since) prAdhyApakaH = lekcarAra (lecturer) bhASAntaram = anuvAda vyAkaraNam vyAkaraNa (grammar) kRtiH = racanA (work) bhaktiH = bhakti anu+raj = prema karanA (to love) nayA rUpa (New Noun) -vidvas (pRSTha 87) nae upasargayukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) kI vi+smi (smaya) A, anu+raMja A nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) bAjAra prathitaH prathitAlamA pravRttaH - pravRttA va mA pravRttam nayA avyaya (New Indeclinable)-pravRttimA nayA muhAvarA (New Idiom)-vidvad-dhaureyaH vizeSaH prabhRti ke do artha-Adi, se lekr| pahale artha meM vizeSaNa aura dUsare artha meM avyaya hai (prabhRtti has two meanings-etc., since/from. In the first meaning it is an Adjectiveand in the second meaning, it is an indeclineable). (devotion) prathitam 56

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abhyAsaH pAThagatam 1. videzoM ke pA~ca saMskRta-vidvAnoM ke nAma batAie (Give names of five foreign Sanskrit Scholars). bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 2. yathAnirdiSTa rUpa likhie (Give forms as required) vidvas (dvitIyA, tRtIyA, SaSThI) go (caturthI, paJcamI, saptamI) mahat (prathamA, SaSThI, sambodhana) 3. Nijanta rUpa likhie-khan, naz, ku, likhu, zra mANita saMskRta lekhanam4. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) maiksamUlaraH saMskRtaM prati kathaM pravRtto'bhavat ? (kha) maiksamUlareNa kiM kiM likhitam ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) videzoM meM maiksamUlara Adi aneka vidvAna hue| (In foreign countries, there were many Sanskrit scholars like Max Muller). (kha) lakSmIbAI Adi nAriyA~ bhI AjAdI ke lie ldd'iiN| (Women like Lakshmibai fought for freedom.) me (ga) kyA jIvana meM dhana Adi hI saba kucha hai ? (Is money everything in life ?) (gha) maiksamUlara vidvAnoM meM zreSTha hai| (Max Muller is the best among scholars.) (Ga) hama vidvAnoM kA Adara kreN| (We should respect scholars.) 57

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Teaching Point: (i)svara + ghoSa (ii) Atman-dec. (except a, A) SoDazaH gItA pAThaH gInA dogdhAbhoktA pari+tyajU vra lakSaNam dhanurdharaH bhUtiH chid kledaya zoSaya sambhU glAniH abhyutthAnam sRja gItA-prazaMsA sarvopaniSado gAvaH dogdhA gopAla-nandanaH / pArtho vatsaH sudhIrbhoktA dugdhaM gItAmRtaM mahat / / Izvarasya AdezaH sarva-dharmAn parityajya mAmekaM zaraNaM vrj| ahaM tvA sarvapApebhyo mokSayiSyAmi mA zucaH / / vijaya-lakSaNam yatra yogezvaraH kRSNaH yatra pArtho dhanurdharaH / yatra zrIrvijayo bhUtiH dhuvA nItirmatirmama / / AtmanaH amaratA nainaM chindanti zastrANi nainaM dahati pAvakaH / / na cainaM kledayantyApo na zoSayati maarutH|| Izvara-pratijJA kI paritrANAya sAdhUnAM vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm / lodbe dharma-saMsthApanArthAya saMbhavAmi yuge-yuge| mikI mata yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham / / zabdArthAH dogdhR = dohane vAlA (milk-man) 58

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gopAla nandana pArthaH vatsaH sudhIH bhoktR amRtam AdezaH pari+tyaj vraj zucaH lakSaNam yogezvaraH dhanurdharaH zrIH bhUtiH dhruvA nItiH amaratA chid pAvakaH kleday ApaH zoSay mArutaH pratijJA paritrANam vinAza: duSkRtAm saMsthApanam arthA sam+bhU glAniH bhArataH = gvAloM kA priya ( zrIkRSNa) pRthA-putra arjuna |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| IL = bachar3A = = = = dhanurdhArI lakSmI = aizvarya = = = kATanA vidvAn bhogane vAlA amRta AjJA chor3anA = jAnA zoka karo! nizAnI, paribhASA yogIrAja = = nAza = nizcita nIti, vicAra amaratA = duSToM kA = = sthApanA Aga gIlA karanA jala sukhAnA havA vrata rakSA lie janma lenA nAza, kSaya bharata-vaMzI 59 (beloved of cowmen-Krishna) (Pritha's son Arjuna) 88) (calf) (K (wise) (enjoyer) (nectar) (order) (to leave) (to go) DA (griee!) (sign) (king of yogis) ws) F (archer) (fortune) (prosperity) (determined) quo (policy, thought) (immortality) (to cut) (fire) (to make wet) (water) (to dry) (air) (vow) (protection) (destruction) (of wickeds) (establishment) prA (for) (to be born) (decline) (one born in the family of Bharatas)

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abhyutthAnam = utthAna (uplift) adharmaH = adharma (non-righteousness) sRj RAc = paidA karanA (to create) nayA rUpa (New Noun)--Atman (pRSTha 88) nae dhAtu (New Roots)-vraj, chid, kledaya, zoSaya, sRj nae upasarga-yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots)--parityaj, sam+bhU nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) bhoktA bhoktrI bhoktR dhuvaH dhuvA dhruvam vizeSaH (i) 'yuSmad' zabda ke dvitIyA vibhakti ekavacana meM do rUpa banate haiM (Two forms of yuSmad in second vibhakti singular-tvAm, tvA) (ii) jisakI zaraNa meM jAe~, usake vAcaka zabda meM dvitIyA aura 'zaraNa' zabda meM bhI Facitat farsfee (Words for 'refuge' and 'the one whose refuse is sought'-both take second vibhakti) (iii) sama+bha ke do artha (sam+bhU has two meanings)-sambhava honA, janma lenaa| abhyAsaH pAThagatam zrIkRSNa aura arjuna kramazaH buddhi aura bala ke pratIka haiM / jahA~ buddhi aura zArIrika bala donoM vidyamAna hoM, vahA~ vijaya nizcita hai| isI bhAva kI vyAkhyA kIjie (Lord Krishna and Arjuna are symbols of intellect and physical strength respectively. Where both are present victory is certain. Elaborate this idea). kAya pahale zloka meM kisakI upamA kisase dI gaI hai? (What is the simile in the first verse Who is being compared with whom ?) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca- - 3. saMskRta-paryAya dIjie (Give Sanskrit equivalents)AtmA kA, AtmAoM meM, AtmA se, AtmAoM kA, he AtmA, din AtmA ke dvArA, AtmA ke lie 608

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4. anus dors sandhi yA sandhiviccheda kIjie (Join or disjoin)-- upaniSado gAva., sudhIrbhoktA, matirmama, glAniH + bhavati, hAniH +nAsti, medhAvinaH + bhavanti, bAlaH+ayam, muniH+ jayati saMskRta-lekhanam - 5. uttara dIjie (Answer) - 6. (ka) Izvarasya kaH Adezo'sti ? (kha) vijayasya lakSaNaM kiM vartate ? (ga) AtmanaH amaratA kathaM sidhyati ? (gha) IzvaraH kadA avatarati ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate) - (ka) gItA eka mahAn pustaka hai / (The Gita is a great book.) (kha) AtmA kI amaratA ko kauna khaNDita kara sakatA hai ? (Who can refute soul's immortality?) (ga) Izvara kI zaraNa meM jaao| (Go to God's shelter.) (gha) dharma kI sthApanA ke lie zrIkRSNa janma lete haiM / (Lord Krishna is born to establish righteousness.) zakti hI hamAre deza kI nizcita nIti ho / (Strength should be our country's definite policy.) 61 DET www ha

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Teaching Point : Atmanepada-loTa-luT NabiomicomkinI kamalagI yAMnA durlalitaH bharataH saptadazaH pAThaH dulIlatA jumbha gaNatApasI laMgha laMghaya) pIDa viramaya uTaja ceSTitamrA ra Laya bAla: jumbhasva siMha, dantAn te gaNayiSye ! prathamA tApasI avinIta, katham etAn pazUna pIDayasi ? nRpaH atIva sundaro'yaM bAlaH / aho, siMha-zAvakena saha khelati / me hRdayaM satyaM snehayati / dvitIyA tApasI eSA kesariNI tvAM laMghayati yadi tasyAH putrakaM na muJcasi / bAla: (sasmitam) aho, bhIto'smi (adharaM darzayati) napaH tejasvI ayaM bAlaH / prathamA tApasI vatsa, enaM zAvakaM muJca ! aparaM te krIDanakaM dAsyAmi ! bAlaH kutra ? dIyatAm ? (hastaM prasArayati) dvitIyA tApasI hanta, nArhati eSa zabdamAtreNa viramayitum / gamyatAm, madIye uTaje samRttikA-mayUrakaH tiSThati / tam asya kRte upahara ? prathamA tApasI tathA ? (nirgacchati) 62

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bAlaH nupaH anenaiva tAvat krIDiSyAmi (tApasI dRSTvA hasati) spRhayAmi khalu durlalitAya asmai ? tApasI (nRpaM dRSTvA) bhadramukha, Agaccha, mocaya ca enaM zavakam / eSa bAlaH mAM tu na gaNayati ! dAra taya (bAlamupagamya) bhoH maharSi-putraka ! mA evaM kuru ! bhadramukha ! nAyaM RSi-kumArakaH / satyam, asya AkAraH ceSTitamapi caivaM kathayati / tadA ko'sya vyapadezaH ? tApasI (sAta puruvaMzIyaH kSatriyaH ! - kAlidAsa-kRta-zakuntalAt tApasI zabdArthAH (mischievous) zAhI (to yawn) // (to count) w97) (female ascetic)hi // = zarAratI = jambhAI lenA ginanA tapasvinI = DhITha taMga karanA premayakta karanA = zeranI hamalA karanA | durdalita jRmbha gaN tApasI avinIta pIr3a snehaya kesariNI 1 lagh (laMghay) putrakaH sasmitam adharaH vatsaH || || || (obstinate) (to tease) (to make one affectionate) (lioness) (to attack) (son) H1Bsbian (with a smile) (lower lip) (endearing child) (toy) (mere, only) (to stop) (my) (cottage) (clay) (peacock) (to bring) krIDanakam || || %3D muskurAhaTa ke sAtha = oMTha (nIce kA) = priya bAlaka khilaunA kevala rokanA merA kuTiyA miTTI || mAtra vi+ramaya madIya uTaja mRttikA mayUrakaH upa+ha || || || || || remo lAnA Emoitous 63

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tathA acchA ! (right!) spRh = cAhanA zAhI (to long) khaluka - sacamuca nazA (truly) bhadramukhaH sumukha (good sir) AkAraH ____ = zakla -sImA (appearance) ceSTitam = ceSTA (action) vyapadezaH = vaMzaja (family!) vaMzIya vaMza kA (belonging to family) nae dhAtu (New Roots) jRmbha A, gaN A, pID, snehay laMgh (laMghay), spRh, nae upasargayukta dhAt (New Prefixed Roots) vi+ramay, ra upa+ha nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)durlalitaH durlalitA durlalitam avinItA avinItam -mAtraH -mAtrA -mAtram madIyaH madIyA madIyam -mukhaH -mukhI jo mukham vaMzIyaH vaMzIyA vaMzIyam nae avyaya (New Indeclinables) tathA, khalu kAraka-vibhaktiH 'spRh' dhAtu ke yoga meM cAhe hue vyakti yA vastu ke vAcaka zabda meM caturthI vibhakti (The word for a person or a thing longed for takes the fourth vibhakti when avinItaH spRha is used.) nila abhyAsaH pAThagatam1. tApasI siMhazAvaka ko bharata se kyoM chur3AnA cAhatI hai (Why does the ascetic woman want to free the cub from Bharata ? ) 64

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2. bacce ko dekhakara rAjA ke mana meM kyA pratikriyA huI ? (What was king's reaction after seeing the child ? ) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca3. jRmbha aura gaNa ke loTlakAra tathA luTlakAra meM rUpa likhie (Conjugate jRmbha and gaNa in loT and lRT). 4. pada-paricaya dIjie (Tell the base form and the following suffixes, etc.) darzayati, prasArayati, viramayitum dRSTvA, dIyatAm / saMskRta lekhanam5. uttara dIjie (Answer)_ BhI -kA (ka) siMha-zAvakena saha kaH khelati sma ? (kha) tApasI bharataM kimavadat ? ghAmAjika zAra (ga) prathamA tApasI dvitIyAyai kimuditavatI ? ra dhAmI (gha) bharatasya vyapadezaH kaH AsIt ? kina 26.1 anuvAda kIjie (Translate)- mAra (ka) ina bAlakoM ke lie khilaune lAo / (Bring toys for these children.) (kha) baccA mAtA-pitA ke hRdaya ko sneha-yukta karatA hai / (The child makes the parents' heart full of affection.) (ga) zarAratI baccA oMTha dikhAtA hai| (The naughty child shows his lips (gha) beTA, miTTI se mata khelo / (Son, don't play with clay.) (Ga) kuTiyA meM koI hai ? (Is there anyone in the hermitage?) . zA-manAlI 65.

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Teaching Point : wo t + ca gAkara aja kina (birdaarities its noiionary aSTAdazaH kA saMgItama gAli pAThaH vAdakaH saMgIta-priya vinodaya saMgIta-priya m ohaardedi 113vakipI antareNa ullekhaH vINA varNa (varNaya) zaMkha: veNuH kacittam parivartanam bhedaH zreSTha sam+melay janaH saMgIta-priyaH / kadAcit sa gItaM zrutvA prasIdati, kadAcicca vAdyAnAM saMgItena AtmAnaM vinodayati / / lona lagA- kAja) prAcIne sAhitye anekAni vAdyAni antareNa ullekho'sti / etAni vAdyAni paJcazatAt api adhikAni Asan / vedeSu yathA-dundubhiH bhUmi-dundubhiH, adambaraH, adambara-ghaTTaH, aghAtiH, karakarI, kndviinnaa| rAmAyaNe'pi lavakuzau vINAyAH saMgItena sahaiva rAmAyaNaM gItavantau / rAvaNasya prAsAdeSu tu anekAni vAdyAni vAlmIkinA varNitAni / mahAbhArate'pi tathaiva vAdyAnAm ullekhaH / zaMkhasya prayogo'pi atra dRshyte| zrIkRSNasya pAJcajanyaH arjunasya ca devadattaH iti zaMkhau AstAm / zrIkRSNasya veNuH kasya citaM nAharat / ) samayena eteSu vAdyeSu api parivartanaM vikAsaH ca abhavatAm / adyatve'pi anekAni vAdyAni pracalitAni, yathA-iyaM viinnaa| uttarabhAratIyAyAM dakSiNabhAratIyAyAM ca vINAyAm asti kazcit bhedH| slodinbepe Sradai) ki gADIka (1) 1 Moodoo ayaM sitAraH / mug2alakAle asya vAdyasya vikAso'bhavat / paMDita ravizaMkaro'sti vizva-vizrutaH sitAra-vAdakaH /

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Footwo iyaM shhnaaii| zrI bismillAkhAM asti zreSThaH zahanAI-vAdakaH / etAn atiricya mRdaMga-tabalA-pakhadhvajaH-ikatArA-gopIcanda-sAraMgI-isarAja arre spogrammes ityAdIni anekAni vAdyAni / etAni vAdyAni sammelya api vAdyante / tacca yantra-sammelanaM vAdyavRndaM vA kathyate / nAkAmI nAmaka ra: Juoritiheoanta zabdArthAH saMgIta-priya saMgIta-priya (lover of music) vi+nodaya dila bahalAnA (to entertain) 87 antareNa aviD = ke viSaya meM zika) (about) PREP ullekhaH = ullekhai issiarm TO (mention) raiano -|| || 67

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// vINA || || || || || || || vINA (Veena,) varNa (varNaya) varNana karanA (to describe) zaMkhaH zaMkha (conch-shell) veNaH bA~surI (flute) cittam hRdaya (heart) parivartanam tabadIlI (change) bhedaH pharka (difference) vAdakaH = bajAne vAlA (instrument-player) zreSTha sabase acchA (best) sam+melaya milAnA (to assemble) nayA dhAtu (New Root)--varNa (varNaya) nae upasargayakta dhAta (New Prefixed Roots)vi+nodaya, sam+melay nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) -priyaH -priyA vAdakaH vAdikA vAdakam zreSThaH zreSThA nayA avyaya (New Indeclinable)-antareNa kAraka-vibhaktiH kI 'antareNa' ke yoga meM Ae zabda meM dvitIyA vibhakti (The word coming with antareNa takes the second vibhakti). -priyam zreSTham abhyAsaH kaMgana pAThagatam ko 1. sAhitya, saMgIta aura kalA se hIna manuSya pazu ke samAna hai-aisI eka prAcIna saMskRta ukti hai| ApakA kyA vicAra hai ? (A person without any knowledge of literature, music and art is like an animal. This is an old saying. What is your opinion?) kI 2. pA~ca prAcIna evaM pA~ca navIna vAdyoM ke nAma batAie (Give names of five ancient and five modern musical instruments). 68

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bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca3. sandhi yA sandhiccheda kIjie (Join or disjoin) tacca, kadAcit+ca, gajo dhAvati, naro'sti, gatiH+mam, nItiH+jagataH, vRkSaH+saH 4. pada-paricaya dIjie (Give the base form, suffixes, etc.) varNitAni, ravizaMkaro'sti, atiricya, sammelya saMskRta-lekhanama5. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) vAdyAnAm ullekhaH keSu pustakeSu adhigamyate ? (kha) vizrutasya vAdakasya nAma likhyatAm-sitAra, shhnaaii| (ga) zrIkRSNasya zaMkhasya nAma kimAsIt ? (gha) arjunasya zaMkhasya nAma kimAsIt ? 6. anuvAda kIjie (Translate)-P F (ka) Aja reDiyo para ravizaMkara kA kAryakrama hai / (On today's radio there is _Ravi Shankara's programme) (kha) saMgIta suna kara saba kA citta prasanna hotA hai| (Everyone feels pleased ITTrafter listening to music.) PEE (ga) zAyada vaha Aja A jAe / (He might come today.) (gha) tuma saba kyoM nahIM puraskAra pAoge ? (Why won't you all get the ma reward ?) kAzA (Ga) dUradarzana logoM kA mana bahalAtA hai / (Television entertains people) mAghaasharabnovAra mAtA pavatA (Onmassignup netA 690

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Teaching Point: (i): + ca (ii) AH + ghoSa (iii) aH + svara (except a) FaratolIkAralI zAlopalopa navadazaH samaan prakIrNa-padyAni pAThaH ava+dhAraya pra+bhU (bhava) sam+A+car savita pra+janmaNArI pAsa AtapaH laghu-cetas...sADa udAra-carita saMpattiH sannimittam - vasudhA niyata dharma-lakSaNam 005mAmA mAgA) zrayatAM dharma-sarvasvaM, zrutvA caivAvadhAryatAm / AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret / / hija mahApuruSa-lakSaNamai Canarmstoore BAIRIT Gaalaa udaye savitA rakto raktazcAstamaye kA tathA / saMpattau ca vipattau ca mahatAmekarUpatA / / lobha-nindA-81binodranigAvA Sadris lobhAt krodhaH prabhavati, lobhAt kAmaH prajAyate / lobhAt mohazca nAzazca, lobhaH pApasya kAraNam / / paropakAra-prazaMsA chAyAmanyasya kurvanti, tiSThanti ca svymaatpe| phalAnyapi parArthAya, vRkSAH satpuruSA iva / / dhanAni jIvitaM caiva parArthe prAjJa utsRjet / sannimitte varaM tyAgo vinAze niyate sati / / udAra-carita-lakSaNamai ayaM nijaH paro veti gaNanA laghucetasAm / udAracaritAnAM tu vasudhaiva kuTumbakam / / zabdArthAH ava+dhAraya diy = samajhanAscalinstrume pratikUlam apriya 7020 (to understand) (unpleasant)

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/ / || // saMpattiH / // // sam+A+car vyavahAra karanA (to practise, perform) udayaH udaya (rise) saMvitR = sUraja (sun) astamaya asta hone vAlA (setting) aizvarya (prosperity) krodhaH lanto 5 = krodhados Durga (anger) pra+bhU (bhava) (to originate) pra+janma = paidA honA (to originate) mohaHoboasd = moha 25sunn (delusion) nAzaH = nAza (ruin) brov AtapaH 3 dhUpa (sunshine) satpuruSaH = acchA puruSa (gentleman) ut+sRj = chor3anA (to leave) sannimittam = acchA uddezya (good cause) varam acchA (better) tyAgaH tyAga (sacrifice) niyata = nizcita (inevitable) sati = hone para (on being) udAra-carita = udAra hRdaya (broad-minded) nijaH = apanA (one's own) laghucetas = choTe dila vAlA (narrow-minded) vasudhA / = pRthvI (the earth) kuTumbakam = parivAra Shr (family) kimAna nayA rUpa (New Form) para- like tadma yA kimvoti zivAnako nae upasargayukta dhatu (New Prefixed Roots) korika ava+dhAray pra+bhU (bhav) 320mody septionist 221180 sam+A+car ut + saja yora kAnI // // -mayama naye vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)-mayaH mayA niyataH sAvana-niyatAmA niyatam udAra-caritaH vizAta udAra-caritAmA udAra-caritam laghucetAH kiraNApi laghucetAH hati laghucetaH

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| abhyAsaH pAThagatam1. AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na samAcaret yaha dharma kA sAra batAyA gayA hai| ApakI kyA rAya hai ? (This is said to be the essence of religion. What is your opinion ?) sannimitte varaM tyAgo vinAze niyate sati-ina zabdoM ko AdhAra banA kara eka choTA-sA nibandha likhie (Write a short essay based on the above words). bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca-onidasise 3. sandhi yA sandhiviccheda kIjie (Join or disjoin) : caiva, vRkSAH+api, mohaH+ca, satpuruSA iva, nijaH janaH, puruSo'sti, harizca, madIyaH+tu, AtapaH+savituH, vasudhA+eva, iti+ati, cApi, anvasarat / saMskRta-lekhanam4. uttara dIjie (Answer) (ka) vRkSA kathaM pareSAm upakAraM kurvanti ? (kha) dharmasya lakSaNam kim ? (ga) mahApuruSasya lakSaNaM kimasti ? (gha) udAra-caritasya lakSaNaM kiM vartate ? bAyakA (Ga) lobhena kA hAnirbhavati ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) acche puruSoM kI saMpatti dUsaroM ke lie hotI hai| (Wealth of good people is for others.) (kha) jo dUsaroM ko pIr3ita karatA hai, Izvara use pIr3ita karatA hai| (God causes pain to those who cause pain to others.) za jitanA dhana de sakate ho utanA do| (Give as much money as you can.) (gha) sardI kI Rtu meM Ama kA phala saMbhava nahIM hai / (A mango tree is not possible (to grow) in winter.) (Ga). pratyeka yuga meM Izvara janma letA hai / (In every age, God is born.) vAyasI ko- undestion72EFee

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Teaching Point : -- (i) zat (ii) gacchat- declension vizatitamaH pATha: pazcima dUS (dUSay) pakSin zuzruS A+rabhU divA dvitra bone Fl koharA gRdhaH mArjAraH ca phIra pra+sthA abhi+ni+viz zaMkAlu kRtajJatA viviktam kutracit vRkSe AsIt pazcime vayasi vartamAnaH kazcit gRdhraH kecicca pakSiNaH / yadA divA pakSiNaH vihartuM prasthitAH tadA vRkSe eva tiSThan ayaM gRdhraH teSAM zAvakAn rakSati sma / kRtajJatayA sAyaM kiMcit bhojanaM tasmai yacchantaH pakSiNaH sukhena kAlam anayan / evameva agacchat mahAn kAlaH / ekaMdA kazcit mArjAraH khagAnAM zAvakAn khAdituM tatrAgacchat / taM dRSTvA gRdhraH tamadUSayat acirameva ca praNaSTum tasmai akathayat / tadA mArjAro'vadat 'bhagavan! bhavAn api evaM vadati / dharmam AcarataH bhavataH khyAtiM zrutvA tu ahamatra AgataH / bhavati zuzrUSitavyamiti ca me buddhiH / paraM bhavAn atithimeva dUSayati / ahaM tu gaMgAyAH tIre nivasan pratidinaM zAstrANi paThAmi / dharmaM pAlayan ca ahiMsAm AcarAmi / nityam IzvaraM cAbhinivizate me manaH / jJAnaM labdhum ahamatra AgatavAn paraM bhavataH durvyavahAraM pazyan ahamadhunA kiM karavANi iti nAvagamyate iti / 73

Page #79
svaprazaMsAm AkarNya gRdhaH vinamro'bhavat akathayacca-mArjAraH mAMsarucirbhavati / ato'ham evam akathayam / para tvaM tu dhrmruciH| AgamyatAm, tubhyaM dharmasya upadezaM dAsyAmIti / tataH mArjAraH tatraiva vivikte vRkSasya ekasmin koTare vastumArabhata / pratidinam avasaraM labdhvA mArjAraH tAn zAvakAn akhAdat / dvitrebhyaH eva dinebhyaH anantaraM pakSiNaH zaMkAlUna dRSTvA mArjArastu tUSNIM prANazyat / gRdhameva hantAram avagacchantaH pakSiNastataH tameva amArayan / zabdArthAH // // // // // // // // // || pazcima antima (last) pakSin / pakSI (bird) gRdhaH gIdha (vulture) divA dina meM (during the day) pra+sthA jAnA (to go) kRtajJatA ehasAna (obligation) mArjAraH bilAva (he-cat) dUS (dUSay) gAlI denA (to abuse) khyAtiH prasiddhi (fame) zuzrUS = sevA karanA (to serve) nityam pratidina (daily) abhi+ni+viz = mana lagAnA (to get inclined) durvyavahAra = burA bartAva (ill-treatment) mAMsaruciH = mAMsa meM ruci vAlA (interested in meat) dharmaruciH dharma meM ruci vAlA ki (interested in religion) viviktam = ekAMta (lonely place) = khokhala (hollow of a tree) A+rabh Arambha karanA (to begin) avasaraH ra = maukA (opportunity) Paa dvitrAko do-tIna 11 (two or three) zaMkAlu zI - zaMkA-yukta (suspicious) O s nayA rUpa (New Form)_gacchata (paSTha 88)TSTITEgA nae dhAtu (New Roots)--dUS (dUSay), zuzrUS A bhokako 2 74 || koTaram ||

Page #80
naye upasarga - yukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) pra+sthA A, abhi+ni+viz A, A+rabh A ( naye vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) pazcimaH mAMsaruciH dharmaruciH ATE mAMsaruciH dharmaruciH dvitrAH zaMkAluH naye avyaya (New Indeclinables) - divA, nityam / dvitrAH (nitya bahuvacana) zaMkAluH pAThagatam 1. 2. pazcimAshilbst kAraka vibhaktiH 'abhi+ni+viza' ke yoga meM Ae zabda meM dvitIyA vibhakti (The word coming with abhiniviz takes the second vibhakti). nayA muhAvarA (New Idiom ) - pazcime vayasi vartamAnaH 4. IF (TS) () YO abhyAsa : pazcimam mAMsaruci dharmaruci dvitrANi zaMkAlu gIdha kA kyA doSa thA ? (What was the vulture's fault?) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 3. manuSya kI sabase bar3I kamaz2orI apanI prazaMsA sunanA hai / apanI prazaMsA suna kara acche-acche loga dUsare ke basa meM ho jAte haiM / isa kahAnI ke AdhAra para isa bhAva kA vistAra kIjie ( A human beings greatest weakness is to listen to one's own praise. The strongest people can be controlled through praise. Expand this idea on the basis of this story.) 75 eka-eka vAkya banAie (Make a sentence with each) - abhiniviz, pazcime vayasi vartamAnaH, paNDita-purandaraH, vidvaddhaureyaH, devaH varS zatranta rUpoM se sthAna pUrti kIjie (Fill in the blanks with zatR forms)(ka) vidyAlaya (gam) bAlAn pazya / (likh) lekhakAH khyAtiM labhantAm / (kha) kathAH (ga) kAryaM (kR) naraH bhradANi pazyati /

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(gha) grAme .... (sthA) sA prasIdati / (Ga) devaM (nam) narau jayatAm / sI (ca) dAnam .. (A+car) narasya unnatirbhavati / 5. gacchat ke rUpa likhie (Decline gacchat). saMskRta lekhanam6. anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) vidyA meM ruci vAlA manaSya vidvAna ho jAtA hai| (One interested in knowledge becomes a scholar.) (kha) hama do-tIna dinoM ke lie gA~va jAe~ge / (We will go to the village for a couple of days.) (ga) yaha bUr3hA AdamI adhyayana se bar3A prema karatA hai / (This old man loves 103 by studying.) (gha) dhIre-dhIre bahuta samaya bIta gayA / (Gradually a lot of time passed.) (Ga) dina meM ve ghUmane nikale / (During the day, they went out for a walk.) (ca) vaha calatA huA khA rahA hai / (He is eating while walking.) 30 CRETTE SAACo 76

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Teaching Point: kinA jagat-declension ekaviMzatitamaH bhAratIyA saMskRtiH pAThaH jagat cintanadhArA viziS antareNa nidarzanabhUta sahiSNatA prApaka lakSyam antataH avalambin anuvrata kalahAya __pra+ yat ram satkAraH sam+mAnay jagati kasyA api jAteH kAcit cintanadhArA saMskRtiH vA bhavati yayA sA jAtiH anyAbhyaH vishissyte| saMskRtimantareNa na kAspi jAtiH rASTrasya rUpeNa jIvati / bhAratIyAnAmapi ca svA viziSTA jIvanapaddhatiH cintanapaddhatizca / asmAkaM saMskRtyAM yAni kAnicit pramukhAni vaiziSTyAni santi, teSu eva nidarzana-bhUtAni kAnicit vayaM vicArayiSyAmaH / bhAratIyasya jIvanasya prathamaM vaiziSTyamasti-paramadharma-sahiSNuteti / bhAratIyAH anubhavanti yat jagataH sarve eva dharmAH Izvara-prApakAH mokSa-prApakAH vA / sarve dharmAH ekameva lakSyam antataH gacchanti / etat eva kAraNaM yat anekeSAM dharmANAm avalambinaH parasparamanuvratAH atra snehena vasanti parasparaM ca na kalahAyante / dvitIyaM vaiziSTyamasti-Atmazuddhiriti / Atma-zuddhyai eva sthAna-sthAne satsaMgA bhavanti / rAga dveSaM ca tyajata, dayAM paropakAraM ca nityaM kuruta-ityAdibhiH upadezaiH janAH tathA bhavituM prayatante / 778

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santoSa eva sukhasya kAraNAmati sarvatra upadizyate, etameva ca sarvazAstrANAM mUlam / nirmala- cittAya nirmala zarIramapi Avazyakam / pratidinaM sUryodayAt prAk jAgaraNaM, pratidinaM snAnaM, dantadhAvanaM, nirmala-vastrANAM ca dhAraNam ityAdayaH guNAH zarIramapi puSTaM svasthaM ca kurvanti / tRtIyaM vaiziSTyamasti - nArI sammAnamiti / 'yatra nAryastu pUjyante ramante tatra devatAH' iti manUktiH / sarvatra nArISu AdarabhAvaH asmAkaM saMskRtiH / yathA mAtuH sammAnaM kriyate, tathaiva anyAsAM nArINAmapi syAt ityaavshykm| 'mAtRvat paradAreSu' iti sAraH / caturthaM vaiziSTyamasti atithi satkAra iti / sarvadevamayaH atithiH iti kiJcit zAstram / gRhamAgataH atithiH asmAkaM sammAnamarhati / nirdhano'pi janaH yathAzakti jalena madhura vacanaizca taM sammAnayituM samartha eva / 78

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zabdArthAH jagat cintanadhArA vi+ziS antareNa viziSTa paddhati nidarzana-bhUta sahiSNutA prApaka mokSa = saMsAra = vicAra-paddhati = bhinna honA = binA = vizeSa = DhaMga = udAharaNa-rUpa sahanazIlatA prApta karAne vAlA = mukti // lakSyam antataH avalambin anuvrata kalahAy AtmazuddhiH satsaMgaH dveSaH (world) (way of thinking) (to be different) (without) (special) kA (way) (illustrative) (tolerance) (one that leads to) (freedom from birth and death) (destination) (ultimately) (follower) (full of faith) (to quarrel) (self-purification) (religious assembly) (hate, dislike) (to try) (contentment) (root) (waking up) (wearing) (nourished) (honour) (to rejoice) // // // // = lakSya = AkhirakAra = anuyAyI = niSThA-yukta = jhagar3A karanA = nija kI safAI satsaMga dveSa yatna karanA santoSa jar3a jAganA pahananA puSTa ijjata prasanna honA devatA Adara Avabhagata = yukta prajhyat santoSaH mUlam jAgaraNam dhAraNam // || || puSTa || || sammAnam rama // // (god) // devatA AdarabhAva satkAraH -maya // (respect) (hospitality) (made of) 79

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nirdhana __= garIba (poor) sam+mAnay = iz2z2ata karanA (to respect) nayA rUpa (New Form)--jagat (pRSTha 88) nae dhAtu (New Roots) kalahAya A, ram A nae upasargayukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) pra+yat A, sam+mAnaya nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives)viziSTaH viziSTA / viziSTam -bhUtaH -bhUtAnamAra -bhUtam prApakaH prApakA prApakam avalambI avalambinI avalambi anuvrataH anuvratA anuvratam nirdhanaH nirdhanam nae avayava-antareNa, antataH vizeSa: antareNa' ke do artha- ke viSaya meM, binA (antareNa has two meanings- about, without. nirdhanA abhyAsaH pAThagatam 1. kucha loga kahate haiM ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA pUrA pAlana Aja ke yuga meM sambhava nahIM hai| parantu pAThokta cAroM bAtoM meM eka bhI aisI nahIM jo kaThina lagatI ho| ApakI kyA sammati hai ? yuktisaMgata uttara dIjie (Some people say that observing every rule of the Indian culture in today's age is not possible. But among the four points discussed in this lesson there is not one that seems difficult to follow. What do you think? Support your answer with arguments.) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca 2. jagat ke rUpa likhie (Decline jagat). 80

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yat 'paTh' kA eka rUpa banatA hai 'paThitvA' / yahA~ kauna-sA pratyaya hai ? isI prakAra ke anya rUpa banAielikh, pra+nam, A+gam, labh / yAca nam kSip, prati+kSip saMskRta-lekhanam 4. Jer afsty (Answer)-- (ka) saMskRtyAH ki mahattvaM bhavati ? (kha) bhArate vividhAnAM dharmANAm avalambinaH kathaM snehena vasanti ? (ga) AtmazuddhiH kathaM jAyate ? (gha) nArI-sammAnamantareNa manunA kimuktam ? anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) AqhirakAra sabakA lakSya eka hI hai / (Finally, everyone's aim is the same.) (kha) sUryodaya se pahale uThanA svAsthya ke lie acchA hai / (Waking up before sunrise is good for health.) pratyeka saMskRti dUsarI se bhinna hotI hai / (Every culture is different from the other.) (gha) santoSa prApta karo, yahI sukha kA mUla hai| (Be content. This is the essence of religion.) atithiyoM kA Adara-satkAra sabakA dharma hai / (Showing hospitality to guests is everybody's duty.) (ga)

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Teaching Point: Revision jIrAva dvAviMzatitamaH sUktayaH pATha: vipra ni+budh pravad manISinna parikIrta jaThara svatvam dehin (RgvedaH) (yajurvedaH) 27 (sAmavedaH) (atharvavedaH) (zatapathabrAhmaNam) (zatapathabrAhmaNam) 1. ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti 2. bhUtyai jAgaraNam abhUtyai svapanam 3. devasya pazya kAvyam 4. jIvema zaradaH zatam 5. saMganamo vai krUram zrIrvai rASTram asato mA sada gmy| tamaso mA jyotirgmy| mRtyormA'mRtaM gmy| 8. yo vai bhUmA tatsukham nAlpe sukhamasti na vittena tarpaNIyo manuSyaH 10. jAgrata prApya varAn nibodhata 11. mantramUlaM ca vijayaM pravadanti manISiNa : 12. ekazca arthAn na cintayet saMbhAvitasya cAkIrti: maraNAd atiricyate mantra-rakSaNe kArya-siddhirbhavati na datvA parikIrtayet 16. Atmanameva manyeta kartAraM sukha-duHkhayo 17. yAvad bhriyeta jaTharaM tAvat svatvaM hi dehinAm 18. purANamityeva na sAdhu sarvam 13. (bRhadAraNyakopaniSad) (chAndogyopaniSad) (kaThopaniSad) (kaThopaniSad) (rAmAyaNam) (mahAbhAratam) (gItA) (kauTilyAzAstram) (manusmRtiH) (caraka-saMhitA) (zrImadbhAgavatam) (mAlavikAgnimitram) 15. 82

Page #88
zabdArthAH // satya = buddhimAn puruSa = aneka prakAra se = aizvarya kA abhAva = sonA kAvya kAma // varSa // // sat vipraH bahudhA abhatiH svapanam kAvyam zarad vaimA kraram nAmA asat tamas jyotiH mRtyuH bhamA tarpaNIya jAgR // // // // // // FFFFFEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE (truth) (wise man) (in various ways) (loss of prosperity) (sleeping) (poetry) 3 (year) (truly) (cruelty) (falsehood) (darkness) (light) (mortality) yA (enough) (satisfied) (to wake up) (best person) (to know,to understand) (one that has consulta(tion/secrecy at its root) (to say) (thoughtful) (money) (respected) (bad name) (death) (success) (to announce) (doer) (to fill) (belly) (wealth) varaH // // ni+budha mantra-mUla sacamuca paayaa| = atyAcAra asatya a~dherA prakAzamAnAmA mRtyu adhika = santuSTa jAganA zreSThajana jAnanA, samajhanA salAha/rahasya hai mUla meM jisake kahanA vicArazIla dhana sammAnita apayaza mRtya saphalatA ghoSaNA karanA karane vAlA bharanA = peTa = dhana // // // // // pra+vad manISin arthaH sambhAvita akIrtiH maraNam siddhiH pari+kI kartRta // // // // // jaTharam svatvam //

Page #89
dehin (human being) (old) (good) sAdhu = zarIradhArI purANa = purAnA = acchA nayA dhAtu (New Root)- jAgR, bhR nae upasargayukta dhAtu (New Prefixed Roots) ni+budha (bodha), 20 pra+vad, pari+kI (kIrtaya) nae vizeSaNa (New Adjectives) tarpaNIyaH tarpaNIyA manISI manISiNI sambhAvitaH sambhAvitA manA kI dehinI purANaH purANA sAdhuH sAdhvI nae avyaya (New Indeclinables) bahudhA, vai tarpaNIyam manISi sambhAvitam kartR dehi purANam kartA dehI sAdhu abhyAsaH pAThagatama Apako sabase sundara sUkti kauna-sI lagI aura kyoM ? (Which is the most beautiful saying according to you, and why ? ) 2. kyA pahalI sUkti kA isI pustaka ke kisI anya pATha se sambandha hai ? yadi hA~ to kyA ? spaSTa kiijie| (Does the first saying has any connection with any other lesson in this book ? If yes, what is that ? State your point clearly.) bhASA vyAkaraNaM ca3.yA 'bahudhA' zabda kI taraha 'dhA' pratyaya saba saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM ke bAda laga sakatA hai| nimnalikhita saMkhyAoM ke bAda lgaaie| The suffix dhA as in bahudhA can be attached with other numerals. Attach it with the following)-- eka, dvi, tri, catuH, paJca, sht| 84

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4. bhUtiH-abhUtiH, sat-asat, kIrtiH-akIrtiH- ina zabdoM kI racanA meM koI samAnatA hai to spaSTa kiijie| kyA isa prakAra anya zabda bhI banAe jA sakate haiM ? yadi hA~, to udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiijie| (What is common in these pairs of words ? Can you think of other similar words ? Give examples). saMskRta-lekhanam 5. anuvAda kIjie (Translate)(ka) rASTra meM sampatti ho| May there be wealth in the nation. (kha) manuSya kevala dhana se santuSTa kyoM nahIM hotA hai ? Why a human being is not satisfied with money alone ? (ga) rahasya kI rakSA karane se saphalatA prApta hotI hai| (Protecting a secret is the key to success. (gha) he Izvara, mujhe andhakAra se prakAza kI ora le clo| (Oh Lord ! take me from darkness to light. (Ga) yuddha hai to kaThina, lekina phira bhI hamAre sainika nizcita jiiteNge| (The war is indeed difficult, but our warriors will certainly win. 85

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vyAkaraNam (Grammar) saMjJA zabdAH takArAnta-puMlliga-zabdaH 'mahat' ekavacanam dvivacanam mahAna mahAntau - mahAntam mahatA mahadbhyAm mahate mahataH bahuvacanam mahAntaH mahataH mahadbhiH mahadbhyaH prathamA vibhaktiH dvitIyA tRtIyA " caturthI " paJcamI " SaSThI " saptamI " sambodhanam mahatoH mahatAm mahatsu he mahAntaH mahati he mahan he mahAntau / okArAnta puMlliga-zabdaH 'go' ekavacanam dvivacanam gauH gAvau gAma bahuvacanam gAva: gAH gobhiH gobhyaH gobhyAm prathamA vibhaktiH dvitIyA tRtIyA catarthI " paJcamI " SaSThI saptamI " sambodhanam " gavoH gavAm goSu he gauH he gAvaH he gAvau sakArAnta puMlliga-zabdaH 'vidvas' ekavacanam dvivacanam vidvAn vidvAMsau prathamA vibhaktiH dvitIyA " vidvAMsam bahuvacanam vidvAMsaH viduSaH vidvadbhiH vidvadbhyaH tRtIyA " vidvadbhyAma " caturthI " paJcamI " SaSThI , viSA viduSe viduSaH viduSaH viduSoH viduSAm 86

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saptamI vibhaktiH sambodhanam prathamA vibhaktiH dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paJcamI 77 tRtIyA caturthI paJcamI 11 SaSThI saptamI sambodhanam 77 11 " " prathamA vibhaktiH 11 dvitIyA " 11 77 SaSThI saptamI sambodhanam prathamA vibhaktiH dvitIyA tRtIyA caturthI paJcamI SaSThI saptamI sambodhanam " " " ekavacanam viduSi vidvan ekavacanam AtmA 11 AtmAnam AtmanA Atmane AtmanaH dvivacanam viduSo : he vidvAMsau nakArAnta puMlliMga-zabdaH 'Atman' Atmani he Atman ekavacana gacchan gacchantam gacchatA gacchate gacchataH gacchataH gacchati he gacchan jagatA jagate jagataH ," ekavacanam jagat 11 jagati he jagat laDa dvivacanam AtmAnau 17 16 AtmabhyAm 27 " he AtmAnau takArAnta puMlliMga - zabdaH 'gacchat' dvivacanam gacchantau AtmanoH 11 " gacchadbhyAm " 77 takArAnta napuMsakaliMga zabdaH 'jagat' dvivacanam jagatI 11 gacchatoH gacchatoH he gacchantau jagadbhyAm 17 11 jagatoH 77 87 he jagatI bahuvacanam vidvatsu he vidvAMsaH bahuvacanam AtmAnaH AtmanaH AtmabhiH AtmabhyaH 11 AtmanAm Atmasu he AtmAnaH bahuvacanam gacchantaH gacchataH gacchadbhiH gacchadbhyaH " gacchatAm gacchatsu he gacchantaH bahuvacanam jaganti 11 jagadbhiH jagadbhyaH 11 jagatAm jagatsu he jaganti

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caturthI " paJcamI " " " saptamI" sarvanAma-zabdAH tad, etad, yat, anya, sarva, aneka, pUrva, kimina sarvanAma zabdoM ke rUpa pichalI pustakoM meM hama par3ha Ae haiM / prastuta 'idam' zabda ke rUpa bhI unake rUpoM meM milate-julate haiN| idam-yaha (this) [puMlligam] ekavacanam dvivacanam bahuvacanam prathamA vibhaktiH ayama imau ime dvitIyA " imam imAn tRtIyA " mApana anena AbhyAm ebhiH asmai ebhyaH asmAt SaSThI " asya anayoH / eSAm asmin eSu idam-yaha this (strIliMgam) ekavacanam dvivacanam bahuvacanam prathamA vibhaktiH iyama imAH dvitIyA " kara imAm tRtIyA " anayA AbhyAm AbhiH catarthI " asyai AbhyaH asyAH SaSThI " gAna anayoH AsAm saptamI" asyAm Asu idam (napuMsakaliMgam) ekavacanam dvivacanam bahuvacanam prathamA vibhaktiH idam ime imAni dvitIyA " tRtIyA " anena AbhyAm ebhiH catarthI " asmai ebhyaH paJcamI " asmAt asya anayoH eSAm saptamI "mA paJcamI" SaSThI " asmin 88

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dhAtavaH niyamita-dhAtuH vanda (namaskAra karanA) Atmanepadam laTa-lakAraH ekavacanam dvivacanam vandate vandete vandase vandethe vande vandAvahe bahuvacanam vandante prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSa uttamaH puruSa vandadhve vandAmahe prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam avandata avandathAH avande laMG-lakAraH dvivacanam avandetAm avandethAm avandAvahi bahuvacanam avandanta avandadhvam avandAmahi prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam vandiSyate vandiSyase vandiSye luTa-lakAraH dvivacanam vandiSyete vandiSyethe vandiSyAvahe bahuvacanam vandiSyante vandiSyadhve vandiSyAmahe prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam vandatAm vandasva vandai loTa-lakAraH dvivacanam vandetAm vandetAm vandAvahai bahuvacanam vandantAm vandadhvam vandAmahai prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam vande ta vandethAH vandeya bahuvacanam vanderan / vandedhvam vandemahi vidhiliGa dvivacanam vandeyAtAm vandeyAthAm vandevahi ardhaniyamita-dhAtuH vRtta (honA) laT-lakAraH dvivacanam vartete 89 prathamaH puruSaH ekavacanam vartate bahuvacanam vartante

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madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH vartase varte ekavacanam avartata avartathAH avarte ekavacanam vartiSyate vartiSyase vartiSye ekavacanam vartatAm vartasva varte ekavacanam varteta varteyAH varteya ekavacanam zaktoti zaknoSi zaknomi ekavacanam azaknot azaknoH azaknavam vartethe vartAvahe laD-lakAraH dvivacanam avartetAm avartethAm avartAvahi lRT-lakAraH dvivacanam vartiSyete vartiSyethe vartiSyAva loT-lakAraH dvivacanam vartetAm vartethAm vartAva hai vidhiliG dvivacanam varteyAtAm varteyAthAm vartevahi aniyamita dhAtuH zak (sakanA) parasmaipadam laT-lakAraH dvivacanam zaknutaH zaknuthaH zaknuvaH laG-lakAraH 90 dvivacanam azaknutAm azaknutam azaknuva vartadhve vartAmahe bahuvacanam avartanta avartadhvam avartAmahi bahuvacanam vartiSyante vartiSyadhve vartiSyAmahe bahuvacanam vartantAm vartadhvam vartAmahai bahuvacanam varteran vartedhvam vartemahi bahuvacanam zaknuvanti zaknutha zaknumaH bahuvacanam azaknuvan azakta azaknuma

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prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam zakSyati zakSyasi zakSyAmi bahuvacanam zakSyanti zakSyatha zakSyAmaH prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam zaknotu zaknuhi zaknuvAni luT-lakAraH dvivacanam zakSyataH zakSyatha: zaSyAvaH loTa-lakAraH dvivacanam zaknutAm zaknutam zaknavAva vidhiliG dvivacanam zaknuyAtAm zaknuyAtam zaknuyAva dhAtu-sUcI niyamitAH / bahuvacanam zaknuvantu zaknata zaknavAma prathamaH puruSaH madhyamaH puruSaH uttamaH puruSaH ekavacanam zaknuyAt zaknuyAH. zaknuyAm bahuvacanam zaknuyuH zaknuyAta zaknuyAma laGa lAta kra0 dhAtuH 1. varSa varSati arha arhati 3. lag lagati vrajati 5. kledaya kledayati 6. zoSaya zoSayati 7. snehay snehayati 8. vanda A vandate kamp A kampate 10. bAdha A bAdhate 11. vepa A vepate 12 yAca A yAcate 13. yat A yatate 14. ghaTa A ghaTate 15. IkS A IkSate 16. sah A F sahate 17. jambha A jambhate 18. zuzrUS AT zuzrUSate vaSiSyati mA avarSat arhiSyati Arhat lagiSyati alagat vrajiSyati avrajat kledayiSyati akledayat zoSayiSyati azoSayat snehAyiSyati asnehayat vandiSyate avandata kampiSyate akampata bAdhiSyate abAdhata vepiSyate avepata yAciSyate ayAcata yatiSyate ayatata ghaTiSyate aghaTata IkSiSyate aikSata sahiSyate asahata jRmbhiSyate ajRmbhata zuzrUSiSyate azuzrUSata varSet arhat lagatu vrajata kledayata zoSayat snehayat vandatAm kampatAm bAdhatAm vidhiliGa varSeta arhet laget vrajeta kledayet zoSayet snehayet vandeta kampeta bAdheta vepeta yAceta yateta ghaTeta IkSeta saheta jRmbheta vepatAm yAcatAm yatatAm ghaTatAm IkSatAm sahatAm / / jRmbhatAm zuzrUSatAm zuzrUSeta 91

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loTa pIDayatu laMgha kra0 dhAtuH laTa vidhiliMDa 19. kalahAya A kalahAyate kalahAyiSyate akalahAyata kalahAyatAm kalahAyeta 20. ram A ramate raMsyate aramata ramatAm rameta ardhaniyamitAH 21. bhR bharati bhariSyati abharat bharatu bharet 22. khaNDa khaNDayati khaNDayiSyati akhaNDayat khaNDayat khaNDayet 23. mRS mRSyati marSiSyati amRSyat mRSyatu mRSyet 24. gRdh gRdhyati gardhiSyati agRdhyat gRdhyatu gRdhyet 25. hRS haSyati harSiSyati ahRSyat hRSyatu hRSyeta 26. sRj sRjati srakSyati asRjat sRjatu sRjet pIDayati pIDayiSyati apIDayat pIDayet laMghayati laMghayiSyati alaMghayat laMghayat laMghayet 29. spRha spRhayati spRhayiSyati / aspRhayat spRhayatu spRhayet 30. varNa varNayati varNayiSyati avarNayata varNayatu varNayet 31. dUSa dUSayati dUSayiSyati aSayat dUSayatu dUSayet 32. bhidya A bhidyate bhetsya te / abhidyata bhidyatAm bhidyeta 33. kliza ASFklizyate kleziSyate aklizyata klizyatAm klizyeta 34. vRt A vartate vartiSyate avartata vartatAm varteta 35. man A manyate maMsyate amanyata manyatAm manyeta 36. labh A labhate lapsyate alabhata alabhatAm labheta 37. yudh A yudhyate yotsyate ayudhyata yudhyatAm yadhyeta 38. mRA mriyate mariSyate amriyata mriyatAm niyeta 39. vid A vidyate vetsyate avidyata vidyatAm vidyeta 40. kam A kAmayate kAmayiSyate akAmayata kAmayatAm kAmayeta 41. zubh A zobhate zobhiSyate azobhata zobhatAm zobheta 42. mad A modate modiSyate amodata modatAm modeta 43. jan A jAyate janiSyate ajAyata jAyatAm jAyeta 44. gaNa A gaNayate gaNayiSyate agaNayata gaNayatAm gaNayeta 45. ruc A rocate rociSyate arocata rocatAm roceta aniyamitAH 46. zru zRNoti zroSyati azRNot zRNotu zRNuyAt 47. zak zaknoti zakSyati azaknot zaknot zaknuyAt 48. graha gRhNAti grahISyati agRhNAt gRhNAtu gRhNIyAt 49. chid chinatti chetsyati acchinat chin| chindyAt 50. jAga jAgarti jAgariSyati ajAgaHona jAgartu jAgayAt noTa- aniyamita dhAtuoM meM se kevala 'zak' dhAtu ke rUpa hI pIche pUre die gae haiN| zeSa dhAtuoM ke kRdanta rUpa sarala haiM aura inhIM kRdanta rUpoM kA hI prasaMga meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| chAtra inhIM kRdanta rUpoM kA prayoga kreN| (From among irregular verbs, only zak is fully conjugated. The Gra form of other irregular verbs are easy and are given in appropriate contexts. Students are also encouraged to use cera forms.) 92

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(mod ad upasarga-yuktAH dhAtavaH jaisA ki pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki upasarga-yukta dhAtue~ saMskRta meM zabda bhaMDAra ko bar3hAne kI sabase sarala vidhi hai| aba taka unatIsa upasargayukta dhAtue~ par3hAI jA cukI haiN| isa bhAga meM 54 dhAtue~ aura prayoga meM AI haiN| (As discussed earlier, prefixed roots are an easy way to enrich Sanskrit vocabulary. Twenty-nine such roots have been introduced earlier. Another 54 are being introduced here.) A. onns of) ava ati upa 1. A+kruz 2. A+ruh 3. A+yA 4. A+zri 5. A+yojay 6. A+rabhU A 7. anu+sR 8. anu+raj A 9. ava + lamb A 10. ava+dhAray 11. ati+ricA 12. upa+sthApay 13. upa+ha toly 15. pra+hR 16. pra+nI (6.17. pra+zaMs 01) pra (Niraogordor.modedo1) .14. pra+Ap Saso 18. pra+jvAlay 19. pra+kaTayU Pulse of) 20. pra+cal 21. +228 03) gAlI denA car3hanA AnA Azrita ho Ayojana krnaa| Arambha karanA TFF pIche jAnA prema karanA sahArA lenA samajhanA sAmane rakhanA lAnA pIche chor3anA, ke ilAvA kari prApta karanA AghAta karanA racanA karanA prazaMsA karanA jalAnA prakaTa karanA pracalita denA 93 (to abuse) (to ride) es nun (to come) (to depend) (to organise) (to begin) OF J SC kI 66 (to follow) (to love) E (to present) (to bring) kITaha (to cling, to support oneself on) (to understand) A rAtrI+kI (to leave behind, in addition to) HB a+ (to obtain, to reach) (to hurt) (to compose) (to praise) (to kindle) (to show) (to be prevalent) (to give)

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riyo 22. pra+bhU 23. pra+jan AF 24. pra+sthA A 25. pra+yat A 26. pra+vad 27. parityaj 28. pari+kI paidA honA (to originate, to be born) paidA honA kAla (to originate, to be born) jAnA-mamaWISF (to go) yatna karanA ha baap (to try) kahanA POLICE (to savyudspowanal chor3anA (to leave) ghoSaNA karanA (to announce) 29. prati+kSip dalIla kATanA (to refute argument) ni 30. ni+vas bon 31. niveday / 32. ni+kRt 33. ni+budh rahanA nivedana karanA kATanA jAnanA, samajhanA (to live, reside) (to offer) (to cut) (to know, to understand) 34. vi+vad A 35. vi+cAray 36. vi+smi AROD 37. vi+ramaya 38. vi+nodaya 39. viziSaA jhagar3A karanA vicAra karanA cakita honA / rokanA dila bahalAnA bhinna honA (to dispute) (to think) (to be surprised) (to stop) (to entertain) (to be different) 40. ut + likha 41. ut + tul 42. ut + sRj varNana karanA phaharAnA chor3anA (to describe, mention) (to hoist) (to leave) 43. sam+bhU 44. sam+melaya janma lenA, sambhava honA (to be born,to be possible) milAnA (to assemble something). 45. sam+mAnay 46. sam+pad A iz2z2ata karanA sampanna honA (to respect) (to be accomplished) abhi praNAma karanA (to salute) 47. abhi+vAday (anya) 48. sam+ni patra ikaTThe honA (to assemble) 94

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(to despise) iswoy TIA) 49. sam+A+car vyavahAra karanA hAma (to practise, to perform) 50. abhi+ni+viz mana laganA yamAna (to get interested) 51. pramANI+kR mA apIla karanA (to appeal) 52. namas+kR mA prazna namaskAra karanA (to salute) 53. tiras+kR tiraskAra karanA 54. AdhArI+kR AdhAra banAnA pha Da (to base on) : aiqmers sandhiH 1.visarga sandhiH saH eSaH + koI vyaJjana (any consonant) visargalopa visargalopa Examples : saH bAlaH = sa bAla : APER2iqrissa saH zukaH sa zakaH eSaH chAtraH = eSa chAtraH hAM eSaH dezaH = eSa dezaH But saH + asti = so'sti makavAna eSaH + amaraH = eSo'mara vAyA 2.visarga-sandhiH aH + ghoSavarNaH o Examples : gajaH + gacchati - gajo gacchati bAlakaH + namati = bAlako namati anyaH + janaH = anyo janaH But chAtraH + khelati = chAtraH khelati / kha ghoSavarNa nahIM hai (kha is not a ghoSavarNaH) 3.visarga-sandhiH pAdaspI ki nigacxi Examples : mIna + tarati = mInastarati munayaH + te sAdhoH + saMgatiH = sAdhossaMgatiH raviH + tapati = ravistapati 4. svara-sandhiHjavAnogatahI kAmakIna padAnta e + a hoolghibiopadarbhii / PiEDime TATE 95

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kA Examples : vane + asmin = vane'smin kA (Do anye + api = anye'pi la ka kAra 5.visarga-sandhiH a A ko chor3a kara koI svara +:+ ghoSavarNaH prakAra (Any vowel excepting a A + + ghoSavarNa : Examples : sudhIH + bhoktA = sudhIrbhoktA muniH + bhavati = munirbhavati 6. vyaMjana sandhiH Examples : tat + ca = tacca kadAcit + ca = kadAcicca 7. visarga-sandhiH + c za Examples : muniH + ca = munizca bAlA : + ca = bAlAzca 8. visarga-sandhiH AH + ghoSavarNaH elA ni geet sidhalisa visarga-lopaH Examples : narAH + gacchanti = narA gacchanti latAH + etAH + = latA etAH 9.visarga-sandhiH aH + svara (a ke sivAya excepting a) visarga-lopaH Examples : siMhaH + eSaH = siMha eSaH 5. janaH + icchati = jana icchati karanakoDiyAtApaETE vAcyA kArakIya 1. kartRvAcya-kartA prathamA vibhakti meM, karma dvitIyA vibhakti meM, kriyA sadA kartA ke anusAra (kartA in prathamA, karma in dvitIyA, and verb according to kA) udAharaNa-bAlaH gItAM paThati / 96

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2. karmavAcya-kartA tRtIyA vibhakti meM, karma prathamA meM, kriyA sadA karma ke anusAra (kartA in tRtIyA, karma in prathamA, and verb according to karma) udAharaNa-bAlaiH gItA paThyate / karma yadi na ho to (If there is no karma, then)- paDaekAhI kriyA prathama puruSa ekavacana (lakAra kriyA)Ila. athavA, kriyA napusaMkaliMga, prathamA vi0, eka va0 (kRdanta kriyA) (verb in prathama puruSa ekavacana form with lakAra verb, or in napuM0, prathamA vi0e0va0 with kRdanta verb)udAharaNama-bAlaiH paThyate / bAlaiH paThitam / bAlaiH paThitavyam / 3. bhAvavAcya-kartA tRtIyA vibhakti meM, kriyA prathama puruSa ekavacana (lakAra kriyA) athavA napuMsakaliMga prathamA vibhakti ekavacana (kRdanta kriyA) (kartA in tRtIyA, and verb in prathama puruSa ekavacana (lakAra kriyA) or napuM0 prathamA vi0e0va0 (kRdanta kriyA) udAharaNam-bAlaiH hasyate / bAlaiH hasitam / bAlaiH hasitavyam / noTa-bhAvavAcya meM kevala akarmaka dhAtuoM kA hI prayoga hotA hai aura karmavAcya meM kevala sakamarka dhAtuoM kA prayoga hotA hai (In bhAvavAcya, only akarmaka verbs are used, and in karmavAcya, only sakamarka verbs are used). sakamarka dhAtu-jinake sAtha karma A sakatA hai / jaise paT, likh Adi (A verb capable of having an object, e.g., paTha, likha, etc.) akamarka dhAta-jinake sAtha karma A hI nahIM sakatA; jaise has, sthA Adi (A verb.not capable of having an object, e.g., has, sthA, etc.) noTa-dhAtu kA karmavAcya yA bhAvavAcya rUpa banAne ke lie dhAtu rUpa ke bAda ya jor3a diijie| aisI karmavAcya dhAtu ke rUpa sadA Atmanepada meM caleMge; jaise- paThya, calya, khAdya, ke rUpa baneMge-paThyate, calyate, khAdyate / luTa meM ya nahIM lagegA; jaise-paThiSyate, caliSyate, khAdiSyate (In order to make the karmavAcya or bhAvavAcya form of a.verb, add ya after the root the conjugate in Atmanepadam, e.g.,pAThya, calya,khAdya becoming paThyate, calyate, khAdyate, etc. (In luT, there will be no additional ya in the middle.) kRdanta pratyayAH 1. ktavatu- (i) a isakA prayoga bhatakAla ke artha meM hotA hai (Used in past tense) (ii) a isakA prayoga kevala kartavAcya meM hotA hai ( Used in kartRvAcya) (iii) a isakA prayoga kriyA tathA vizeSaNa- donoM rUpoM meM ho sakatA hai (Can be used as a verb as well as an adjective). P r e (1) udAharaNa-bAlaH paThitavAn / (kriyA) paThitavAn bAlaH gRhaM gacchati / (vizeSaNam)

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paTha + ktavat-paThitavata puM0- paThitavat- paThitavAn paThitavantau / paThivantaH / (like guNavat) strI- paThitavatI- paThitavatI ka paThitavatyau paThitavatyaH (like nadI) napuM0-paThitavat- paThitavat paThivatI paThitavanti (like jagat) 2.kta- (i) isakA prayoga bhI bhUtakAla ke artha meM hotA hai (Usedin past tense) (ii) isakA prayoga karmavAcya meM hotA hai (Used in karmavAcya) (iii) gatyarthaka dhAtuoM ke sAtha isakA prayoga kartRvAcya yA karmavAcya donoM meM ho d, sakatA hai (Used in kartRvAcya or karmavAcya with gatyarthaka verbs. __(iv) isakA prayoga kriyA tathA vizeSaNa, donoM rUpoM meM ho sakatA hai (used as a "verb as well as an adjective) udAharaNa-bAlena pustakaM paThitam / bAlena hasitam / bAlaH hasitaH / paThitam pustakaM kutrasti ? nijA kI lAza vikA paTh + kta = paThita puM0- paThita- paThitaH paThitau paThitAH (like deva), strI0-paThitA- paThitA paThite paThitAHvino (like latA) napuM0- paThita- paThitam paThite paThitAni (like phala) 3. tavya- (i) isakA prayoga 'cAhie' ke artha meM hotA hai (Used in the sense of 'should (ii) isakA prayoga sadA karmavAcya meM hotA hai (Used in karmavAcya) (iii) isakA prayoga kriyA tathA vizeSaNa, donoM rUpoM meM ho sakatA hai (Used as a verb as well as an adjective) ko milA udAharaNa-bAlena kathA paThitavyA / paThitavyA asti iya kathA / paTh + tavya = paThitavya paM0- paThitavya- paThitavyaH paThitavyau ra paThitavyAH (like deva) strI0-paThitvA- paThitavyA paThitavye paThitavyAH pa (like latA) napuM0-paThitavya-11 12 paThitavye paThitavyAni (like phala) noTa-ktavatu kta aura tavya se bane rUpa yahA~ kevala prathamA vibhakti meM hI die gae haiN| kriyA ke rUpa meM kevala prathamA vibhakti ke rUpa hI prayoga meM Ate haiM / parantu vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM anya vibhaktiyoM ke rUpa bhI prayoga meM A sakate haiM / (Forms of ktavatu, kta and tavya are given in prathamA vibhakti only.As a verb, only the prathamA vibhakti is used. As adjectives, however, form in other vibhaktis can also be used.) 4. zata- (i) zatR pratyaya se banA rUpa zatranta kahalAtA hai| yaha-(A form made with zatR suffix is called zatranta. This- vartamAna kAla meM ho rahI kriyA kA bodha karAtA hai (Express an ongoing action in present) 98 paThitavyam

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(ii) kevala parasmaipadI dhAtuoM ke bAda hI lagatA hai (attaches to parasmaipadI verbs only) (iii) isase bane rUpa kA prayoga kevala vizeSaNa rUpa meM hI hotA hai (behaves as an adjective only). udAharaNa-krIDan bAlaH me anujaH / paThantI iyaM chAtrA kA? paTh + zatR = paThat pu0- paThat- paThan paThantau paThantaH (like gacchat). strI0-paThantI- paThantI paThantyau paThantyaH (like nadI) napuM0-paThata- paThatkAra paThatI paThanti (like jagat) ___5. zAnac- (i) vartamAna kAla meM ho rahI kriyA kA bodha karAte haiM (Denotes an ongoing action in present) (ii) kevala AtmanepadI dhAtuoM ke bAda hI lagatA hai (attaches zA to AtmanepadI verbs only) mAtA (iii) isase bane rUpa kA prayoga kevala vizeSaNa rUpa meM hI hotA hai / paE (behaves as an adjective only) noTa-zata aura zAnaca-donoM kA prayoga eka hI artha meM hotA hai / antara kevala itanA hai ki zatR parasmaipadI dhAtuoM ke bAda lagatA hai aura zAnac AtmanepadI dhAtuoM ke bAda (Both denote the same meaning. The difference is that gay is used after parasmaipadI verbs and zAnac after AtmanepadI verbs). udAharaNa-vandamAnaH sainikaH / sevamAnAH bhaktAH / yatamAnA bAlikA / vand + zAnac = vandamAna puM0- vandamAnaH- vandamAnaH vandamAnau vandamAnAH (like deva) strI0-vandamAnA- vandamAnA vandamAne vandamAnAH (like latA) napuM0-vandamAna- vandamAnam vandamAne vandamAnAni : (like phala) Nic (preraNArthaka) jaba kartA svayaM kriyA na karake dUsare se karavAtA hai to dhAtu meM Nic lagAkara preraNArthaka banAyA jAtA hai| (.When the agent causes someone else to do, then the verb admits fure suffix and the form becomes causative). udAharaNa-paTh+Ni-pAThay, kR = Nic = kAray paTh par3hanA (to read) pAThaya par3hAnA (to teach) cala calanA (to walk) cAlaya calAnA (to make one walk) dRz dekhanA (to see) darzaya dikhAnA (to show) 99

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gam jAnA (to go) gamay bhejanA (to send) noTa- (i) dhAtu meM ay jor3akara preraNArthaka rUpa banatA hai / Nic ko hI, ay samajhie / pUrva kA hasba kabhI kabhI svara dIrgha ho jAtA hai (Add ay (= Nica) after the root and the vowel in the root form is sometimes lengthened). (ii) preraNArthaka dhAtuoM ke rUpa parasmaipada aura Atmanepada donoM meM cala sakate haiM, parantu vyavahAra meM prAyaH parasmaipada rUpoM kA hI prayoga hotA hai (Causative forms can be conjugated both in parasmaipada and Atmanepada. In parasmaipada, however, they are more common.) 00 kra0 1. 2. 23HSL LL LL22 Li Li Ke Ke Bu Ke Ke Dao Ke Ke He A Ru He Shi Xian Ke Tong 4. 3. khel 6. 5. has 8. 9. 7. khAd 10. dhAtuH paTh cala 11. dRz 12. pA 18. 13. gai pat 14. dA 20. 15. nI 21. likh 16. vas vad 17. sthA 23. nam 24. 25. 19. pac 26. 27. 22. kath tyaj arc pacch smR sUc spRz muc sad 28. ji tavat paThitavat paThita calitavat calita khelitavat khelita rakSita rakSitavat hasitavat hasita patitavat patita khAditavat khAdita likhitavat likhita uditavat udita natavat dRSTavat pItavat gItavat dattavat nItavat uSitavat sthitavatt datta nIta uSita sthita tyaktavat tyakta pakvavat pakva arcitavat arcita pIta gIta pRSTavat kathitavat pRSTa kathita smRta smRtavat sUcitavat sUcita spRSTavat spRSTa muktavat mukta sannavat jitavat jita kRdanta-rUpANi tavya paThitavya calitavya khelitavya rakSitavya hasitavya patitavyapatat khAditavya khAdat likhat likhitavya divya vadat nantavyaka namat praSTavya kathitavya smartavya sUcitavya spraSTavya moktavya zata / zAnac Nic paThat pAThya calat cAlay khelat khelay rakSay hAsay pAtay khAday lekhay draSTavya pazyat pAtavya pivat gAtavya gAyat dAtavya yacchat netavya nayat vastavya vasat sthAtavya tiSThat tyaktavya paktavya arcitavya sattavya jetavya rakSat hasat of 100 IP pAyay gApay dApay nAyay vAsay sthApay tyAjay pAcay arcay pracchy kathaya smarat smAray sUcayat sUcay spRzat sparzay mocaya sAday jApay tyajat pacat arcat pRcchat kathayat vAday namay darzay muJcat sIdat jayat karmavAcya paThyU caly khelyU rakSy hasy patyU khAdy likhy udy dRzy pIyU gIya dIy nI uSy sthIya tyajy pacy arcya pRcchy kathyU smary sUcy spRzy mucy sady jIyU

Page #106
kampita OCOM ghaT IkSita FITTE BERE EETEEEEEEEEE varNa vRtya yudha janaya zruta vanda vanditavat vandita vanditavya vandamAna vandam vanya 30. kampa kampitavat kampitavya kampamAna kampay kampy 31. bAdh bAdhitavat bAdhita bAdhitavya bAdhamAna bAdhay bAdhya yAca yAcitavat yAcita yAcitavya yAcamAna yAcaya yAcya yat yatitavat yatita yatitavya yatamAna yAtay yaty ghaTitavat ghaTita ghaTitavya ghaTamAna ghaTay ghaTya IkSa IkSitavat IkSitavya IkSamANa IkSaya IkSya 36. sah soDhavat soDha soDhavya sahamAna sAhay sahya 37. khaNDa khaNDitavat khaNDita khaNDitavya khaNDayat khaNDay khaNDy pUjitavat pUjita pUjitavya pUjayat pUjaya pUjya sRj sRSTavat sRSTa sraSTavya sRjat sarjaya sRjya varNitavat varNita varNitavya varNayat varNaya varNya vRt vartitavat vartita vartitavya vartamAna vartaya labha labdhavat labdha labdhavya labhamAna lambhaya labhy yuddhavat yuddha yoddhavya yodhamAna yodhaya yudhya 44. mud muditavat mudita moditavya modamAna modaya mudy 45. . jan jAtavat jAta jAtavya jAyamAna janya 46. zru zrutavat zrotavya zRNvat zrAvaya 47. zak zaktavat zakta zaktavya zaknuvat zAkam zakya 48. graha gRhItavat grahItavya gRhNat grAhay gRhya 49. chid chinnavat chinna chettavya chindat chedaya 50. kRya kRtavat 18) kRta kartavya kurvat kAray kriya vibhakti-prayogAH vibhaktiH udAharaNama 1. anu pIche (after) dvitIyA ziSyaH gurum anugacchati / 2. upa pAsa (near) dvitIyA putraH janakama upagacchati / 3. antarA bIca meM (in between) dvitIyA mA tvAM ca antarA saH tiSThati / 4. antareNa ( lai ke viSaya meM (about) dvitIyA rAmama antareNa kaH avagacchati / 5. ubhayataH 10-ba donoM ora (on both sides) dvitIyA nagaram ubhayataH nadI vahati / 6. yAc* . or mA~ganA (to ask for) dvitIyA tApasaH devaM mokSaM yAcate / 7. abhi+ni+viz laganA (to be involved) dvitIyA dharmam abhinivizate tasya manaH / 8. (samaya-dUrI-vAcaka-zabdaH)** tRtIyA saH saptAhena gItAM paThitavAn / kAMDa (Words denoting time and distance) saH krozena gItAM paThitavAna / acchA laganA caturthI tasmai kathA rocnte| (to be pleasing) 10. spRha cAhanA (to want) caturthI bAlaH citrAya spRhayati / jisase mA~gA jAe aura jo kucha mA~gA jAe, donoM ke vAcaka zabda dvitIyA vibhakti meM (words for what is asked for, and who is asked of, in second vibhakti). 101 gahIta chi zabdaH arthaH

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ja upari *samaya vAcaka zabda tathA dUrI vAcaka zabda yadi kriyA kI pUrNatA kA bodha karAte hoM, to tRtIyA faufta (Words denoting time and distance take third vibhakti if completion of work is implied). ***jisako rucikara ho, usake vAcaka zabda meM caturthI vibhakti (The word denoting the person feeling interested takes caturthI). avyayAH isa pustaka meM Ae avyayoM kI sUcI (List of indeclinables used in this book) Upara (above) uccaiH z2ora soNA (loudly) aye arejI (oh) antarA bIca meM pragati (between) hanta are! (ah!) vAstava meM kAma (indeed) yathAkAlam samayAnusAra (at proper time) samyaka acchI prakAra se (properly) prAyeNa aksara (often) yadi pratipadam hara kadama para (at every step) bahuta dera se (for a long time) vastutaH (in fact) dRDham atyadhika (very much) bhavatu acchA ! (well !) muhUrtakam kSaNa bhara (for a while) bacAo ! bacAo ! node (help! help !) miTeDa/pana-vAcaka-avyaya) (particle denoting doubt & interrogation) anuvarSamkIko hara varSa E avloynited (every year) yAvat taka (till) ubhayataH donoM ora (on both sides) spaSTa (obvious) adyatve Ajakala (these days) bahuzaH (very much) samprati aba broatiabetesatolors (now) Erot 102 cet ciram vAstava meM avidhA hokara prasphuTam bahata adhika

Page #108
1930 aho vAha! (ah !) prabhRti lekara (from, ever since) tathA acchA ! (right !) khalu sacamaca (truly) antareNa ke viSaya meM, binA (about, without) divA dina meM (during th day) nityam pratidina (daily) antataH AkhirakAra (ultimately) bahudhA aneka prakAra se (in various ways) Feeen9/2200 sacamuca (truly) muhAvare (Idioms) muhAvaroM ke prayoga se bhASA meM madhuratA aura sarasatA A jAtI hai| pichale bhAga meM chaH muhAvaroM kA prayoga batAyA gayA thA / chaH prayoga aura dekhie (Use of idioms makes a language lucid. In your last book, we introduced six idioms. Here are six more for you to learn). 1. devaH varSati rolet) 2. zIta bAdhate 3. paNDita-purandaraH 4. kAlaM nayati 5. vidvad-dhaureyaH 6. pazcime vayasi vartamAnaH 00 10 10FD) midiaomi.ncbest 103

Page #109
a aMza: akIrtiH atikrAnta ati+ric atireka adyatve adharaH adharmaH adhIna antaram antarA antarAyaH antareNa antima aparyApta (yabi gan anuzAna-sUtram anusandhAnam anu+sR (anusarati) antataH (eusw anot api ca apunarbhavaH apUrva abhAvaH Ayurba (vistemite) 10 adhyayanam Hamalbia par3hAI anAmayaH svAsthya anu+raMj prema karanA (anurajyati/te, anuvarSam anuvrata hissA apayaza pIche rahA huA pIche chor3anA, ke ilAvA zabda-koSaH adhikatA Ajakala nIce kA oMTha adharma adhIna (Turn): antara bIca meM TEVER . hara varSa niSThA - yukta anuzAsana rUpI dhAgA zodha kArya pIche jAnA AqhirakAra bahuta adhika aura mokSa kira kaThinAI ke viSaya meM, binA AkhirI adbhuta kamI (share) (infamy). (surpassed) (to leave behind, in addition to) lood tag (study) (health) (to love) 104 (excessiveness) (these days) (lower lip) (non-righteousness) Ts (subservient) (between) (difficulty) REFERE (about, without ) (final) (a lot of) jArI (every year) (full of faith) (thread of discipline) (research) (to follow) (ultimately) (difference) (unprecedented) (shortage) TEF sagnsi 910m (moreover) (freedom from birth and death)

Page #110
abhinna abhinna abhi+ni+viz (abhinivizate) mana laganA abhiyantR meanira injIniyara abhiyogaH mukaddamA abhivaktR attitunesan vakIla abhi+vAday praNAma karanA abhivyakti prakAzana abhiSekaH rAja-tilaka abhUtiH aizvarya kA abhAva abhedyam aTUTa abhyutthAnam.ED utthAna amaratA Ordos amaratA amRtam amRta aye b imardaa) are artha dhana -arthAya lie arha (arhati) avadhAnam dhyAna ava+dhAray (avadhArayati / samajhanA ava+lamba (avalambate) sahArA lenA yorayA (inseparable) (to get inclined) (engineer) (legal case) (lawyer) (to salute) (manifestation) (coronation) (loss of prosperity) (unbreakable) (uplift) (immortality) (nectar) (oh) (money) (for) (to be able) (care) (to understand) (to cling, to support oneself on) (follower) (opportunity) (unwanted) (help! help!) (obstinate) (falsehood) (incapable) (non-cooperation movement) (setting) (ah!) avalambin (misturney avasaraH avAJchita intoos avidhA avinIta p alesrmi) asat asamartha asahayogAndolanam anuyAyI maukA anacAhA. bacAo ! bacAo! DhITha asatya asamartha asahayoga Andolana astamaya aho asta hone vAlA jA are! A Doodh ara (oh) 105

Page #111
AkAra: A+kruz (Akrozati) AtapaH Atmagatam AtmazuddhiH AdarabhAvaH Adi Adika Adima AdezaH (nusitoto) AdhAraH AdhArI+kR (AdhArIkaroti) ApaH Ayatta A+yA (AyAta) A+yojay (Ayojayati) A+rabh (Arabhate) A+ruh (Arohati) Arta ArtiH Arthika Arya (no (19wolloi) AlayaH AvAsa: AviSkAraH AviSkRta A+zri (Azrayati) Asanam (unilisonga) fbsthewou i idam idAnIm IkS (IkSate) (aldisqsuni) o0o-non) Framfom u ucca nyAyAlayaH zakla gAlI denA dhUpa apane Apako nija kI safAI Adara Adi Adi pahalA AjJA AdhAra AdhAra banAnA jala adhIna AnA Ayojana karanA Arambha karanA car3hanA duHkhI duHkha dhana- sambandhI sajjana ghara nivAsa, bastI AviSkAra AviSkAra kiyA huA Azrita honA Asana yaha (napuM.) aba dekhanA 19 ucca nyAyAlaya 106 (appearance) (to abuse) (sunshine) (to one's own self) (self-purification) (respect) (etc.) (etc.) (first) (order) (base) (to base on) (water)_ (subservient) (to come) (to organise) (to begin) (to ride) (distressed) (distress) (financial) (gentleman) (house) (place of residence) (invention) (invented) (to depend) (seat) this (neuter) (now) (to see) (high court)

Page #112
uccaiH uTajaH uttaram ut+tula (uttolayati) uta+likha (ullikhati) utsuka ut+sRj (utsRjati) udayaH udAracarita udgamaH udyogAlayaH upakaraNam upakalpanam upadeSTA (upadeSTa) upanyAsaH upari upa sthApay (upasthApayati) upa+ha (upaharati) upAhAragRham ubhayataH ullAsaH ullekhaH z2ora se kuTiyA javAba phaharAnA varNana karanA utsuka chor3anA udaya udAra-hRdaya utpatti kArakhAnA sAdhana-sAmagrI taiyAra karanA upadezaka upanyAsa Upara sAmane rakhanA lAnA hoTala donoM ora khuzI ullekha (loudly) (cottage) (reply) (to hoist) (to mention) (eager) (to leave) (rise) (broad-minded) (birth, source) (industrial house) (implements) (preparing) (preceptor) (a novel) (above) (to present) (to bring) (hotel) (on both sides) (happiness) (mention) ekatA saMgaThana (unity) kathanam kanakam kamp (kampate) kartA (kartR) kalahAya (kalahAyate) kalA kavacam kAJcanam kahanA sonA kA~panA karane vAlA jhagar3A karanA kalA kavaca sonA (statement) (gold) (to shiver) (doer) (to quarrel) (art) (armour) (gold) Bo107

Page #113
kAJcukIyaH kANDam kam (kAmayate) kAmaH kArAgAraH kAryAlayaH kAvyam kIdRza kuTumbakam kuNDalam kupita kulIna kusumita kRtajJatA kRta - parizrama kRtiH kezavaH kesariNI koTaram koSaH kautuka-dRzyam krAntikArI (krAMtikArin) krIDanakam (Jaied kSayaH kSip (kSipati) kSIram for-oil (Jag) (good (nork Ac krUram krodhaH kliz (klizyate) atishi) kleday (kledayati) kSatriyaH kha khaND (khaNDayati) Talat): rAjA kA pradhAna dvAra pAla kANDa cAhanA icchA jela daftara kAvya kaisA parivAra kAna kA AbhUSaNa krodhita acche kula vAlA phUloM vAlA ehasAna jisane parizrama kiyA hai racanA zrIkRSNa zeranI khokhala khaz2AnA jhAMkI krAntikArI khilaunA atyAcAra krodha duHkhI gIlA karanA kSatriya tor3anA ki nAza pheMkanA, apamAna karanA dUdha 50 108 kaTAma (chief royal door-keeper) (mishap) (to want) (desire) (jail) (office) (poetry) (of what sort) (family) (ear-ring) (furious) (born in a good family) (flowered) (obligation) (one who has put in hard work) (work) (Lord Krishna) (lioness) (hollow of a tree) (treasure) (pageant) (revolutionary) (toy) (cruelty) (anger) (to be distressed)FF (to moisten) (warrior) (destruction) (to throw, to insult ) (milk) (to break)

Page #114
khalu khyAtiH Tubbamole) ga gaN (gaNayati/te) gaNatantram gaNanA gadyam gavAzanaH Gadgil droom) guNajJa guru gurjara-pradezaH gRdh (gRdhyati) gRdhaH go Tutorie) gopAlakaH gopAla - nandana graha (gRhNAti) glAniH ciram cet ceSTitam gha ghaT (ghaTate) ghaTikA ca camatkRta cAtakaH cikitsakaH cittam cintana-dhArA cha chid (chinatti) ja jagat zib) ge Sed) to) failure sacamuca prasiddhi ginanA prajAtantra ginatI gadya jAti-bahiSkRta, cA~DAla guNoM kA jJAtA bar3A grahaNa karanA nAza, kSaya gujarAta prAnta lAlaca karanA gIdha gAya gvAlA gvAloM kA priya (zrIkRSNa) ghaTita honA 24 minaTa vismita, cakita papIhA DAkTara mana vicAra paddhati bahuta dera se yadi ceSTA Cine kATanA saMsAra 55 109 (truly) (fame) (to count) (republic) (counting) (prose) (outcast) (knower of virtues) (elder) (Gujarat State) (to be gready) (vultrue) (cow) (cowman) (beloved of cowmen; Krishna) (to take) (decline) (to happen) 24 minutes (charmed) (Papiha ) (doctor) (mind) (way of thinking) (for a long time) (if) (action) (to cut) (world)

Page #115
jaTharam jan (jAyate) janatA jAgaraNam jAga (jAgarti) jRmbha (jRmbhate) jyotiH jyotsnA honA, paidA honA janatA jAganA jAganA a~bhAI lenA prakAza cA~danI (stomach) (to be, to be born) (public) (waking up) (to wake up) (to yawn) (light) (moonlight) taTa taTam tathA tathyam tapta tamasa tarka-pUrvakam tarpaNIya talaH tApasI tArikA tAvat acchA! asaliyata duHkhI a~dherA tarkoM ke sAtha santuSTa nIce kA bhAga tapasvinI tArIkha utanA tiraskAra karanA (shore) (right!) (fact) (distressed) (darkness) (logically) (satisfied) (below) (female ascetic) (date) (that much) (to despise) tiras+ kR (tiraskaroti) tyAgaH trividha tyAga tIna prakAra kA (sacrifice) (of three kinds) darzanIya dekhane yogya dalam gralsana samUha dAyAMdyamo pay (worth seeing, handsome) (large number, group) (inheritance) (during the day) (lamp) (big) (one with long life) divA paitRka sampatti dina meM dIpa bar3A lambI Ayu vAlA 110 dIpaH dIrgha dIrghAyu

Page #116
duHkham duHkha-bhAk duHkha duHkha kA bhAgI (trouble) (sharer of distress) (difficult to get) durlabha bio. durlalita durvyavahAraH into duzcaritra duSkRtAm dUtaH dUS (dUSayati) dRDham devatA devadAsI Patro dehin- iativart dogdhRe drumaHndmmsbm dvitra dvividha dveSaH kaThinatA se milane vAlA zarAratI burA bartAva bure caritra vAlA kAna duSToM kA dUta gAlI denAmA atyadhika devatA mandira kI sevikA FREE zarIradhArI dohane vAlA per3a do-tIna do prakAra kA dveSa (mischievous) (ill-treatment) (bad character) (of wickeds) (messenger) (to abuse) (very much) (god) (female attendant in service of god) (human being) (milkman) (tree) (two or three) (of two kinds) (hate, dislike) dhanamUla jisakI jar3a meM dhana hai dhanurdharaH dharma-pravartakaH dhanurdhArI dharma ke Arambha kartA dharma-ruci dharma meM ruci vAlA (one that has money at the root) (archer) (founder of a religious sect) interested in religion) (wearing) (torrential rain) (determined) dhAraNam dhArAsAraH dhruva pahananA mUsalAdhAra nizcita namaskAra karanA namas+ kR (namaskaroti) (to salute, greet) 111

Page #117
nartanam navam nAmazeSa nArAyaNaH nAza: nAzanam niHzvAsaH nikaSa: ni+ kRt (nikRntati) nija nityam nidarzanabhUta ni+ budh (nibodhati) nimiSaH niyata nirAmaya nirNayaH nirdhana nirbala nirmANam nirvAcanam ni+ vas (nivasati) ni+ veday (nivedayati) nIDam nItiH nu nRtyanATikA nRtyam nyAyaH nyAyAdhIzaH nyAyAlayaH (COT) nAca navA~ samApta bhagavAn kRSNa nAza nAza sA~sa bAhara nikAlanA kasauTI kATanA apanA pratidina udAharaNa rUpa jAnanA palaka mAtra nizcita nIroga faisalA g2arIba kamaz2ora nirmANa cunAva rahanA nivedana karanA ghoMsalA nIti, vicAra (sandeha-prazna-vAcaka avyaya) nRtyanATikA nAca insAfa nyAyAdhIza adAlata 112 (dance) (ninth) (finished) (Lord Krishna) (ruin) (destruction) (expiration) (testing stone) (to cut) (one's own ) (daily) (for example) (to know) (twinkle of an eye) (inevitable) (healthy) (judgement) (poor) (weak) (making) (election) (to live) (to offer) (nest) 5135 (policy, thought) (Particle denoting doubt and question) (ballet) (dance) (justice) (judge) (court)

Page #118
pakSa pakSaH pakSin paMcanada-pradezaH padakam padam paddhatiH ligdost padyam asur) payaHpAnam nigure parAkramaHdbala parAGmukha pakSI paMjAba prAMta tamagA darjA, pada DhaMga padya dUdha pilAnA tAqata pachAr3a khAyA huA (side) (bird) (Punjab State) (medal) (rank) (way) (verse) (serving milk) (valour) (one whose face has been turned away) (to announce) ghoSaNA karanA chor3anA (to leave) pari+ kI (parikIrtayati) pari+ tyaj (parityajati) paritrANam 55 parivartanam Jarosb parizIlanam go) paruSa zommoot pazcima pArthaH sistinhole rakSA tabdIlI satata abhyAsa kaThora antima pRthA-putra (arjuna) (protection) (change) (constant pursuit) (harsh) (last) (Pritha's son, Arjuna) (fire) (thirst) (to tease) (son) (king) (ancient) pAvakaH pipAsAya pIDa (pIDayati) putrakaH purandaraH ROY purAtana purANa Deritorial puruSottamaH Dangom pulakita puSTa (Goinggdoing Aga pyAsa taMga karanA putra indra, rAjA purAnA purAnA zreSTha puruSa / prasanna puSTa PL 113 (old) (best among men) (rejoiced) (nourished)

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pRthivI pra+ Ap (prApnoti) pRthvI, z2amIna prApta karanA pahu~canA prakaTa karanA tarIqA spaSTa krodha pracalita honA prayANa paidA honA jalAnA (the earth) (to obtain, to reach) (to show) (manner) (openly) (anger) (to be prevalent) (marching) (to originate) (to kindle) pra+ kaTay (prakaTayati) prakAra: prakAzam prakopaH pra+ cal (pracalita) pracalanam pra+ jan (prajAyate) all pra+ jvAlay (prajvAlayati) praNAmaH pratikulam prati+ kSip (pratikSipati) pratijJA pratinidhiH pratipadama (noisastomo) pradarzanam pra+ dA (prayacchati) pra+ nI (praNayati) prabuddha pra+ bhU (prabhavati) prabhRti namaskAra ulaTA, apriya dalIla kATanA (regards, greeting) (opposite, unpleasant) (to refute) vrata pratinidhi hara qadama para dikhAnA denA racanA karanA jAgata paidA honA Adi, lekara (vow) (representative) (at every step) (demonstration) (to give) (to compose) (awakened) (to originate) (etc., from, ever since) (to appeal) apIla karanA ED pramANI+ kR (pramANIkaroti) pra+ yat (prayatate) pra+ vad (pravadati) pravartanamm sions pravRtta pra+ zaMs (prazaMsati) prazaMsA prasAraH (bordension yatna karanA kahanA Arambha lagA huA prazaMsA karanA prazaMsA pracAra ER 114 (to try) (to say) (beginning) (got inclined) (to praise) (praise) (propagation)

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pra+sthA (pratiSThate) prasphuTam pra + hR (praharati) prAMjala prANI (prANin) prAdhyApakaH prApaka prAyeNa priyaMkara jAnA spaSTa AghAta karanA spaSTa prANI lekcarAra prApta karane vAlA aksara acchA lagane vAlA (to go) (obvious) (to hurt) (lucid) (creature) (lecturer) (one that leads to) (often) (pleasing) phalla khilA huA (blossomed) bakaH baliH bahudhA bahuzaH bAdha (bAdhate) bagalA balidAna aneka prakAra se bahuta adhika taMga karanA (crane) (sacrifice) (in various ways) (very much) (to trouble) tA bhaktiH bhadram bhadramukhaH bhavat bhArataH bhakti kalyANa sumukha acchA ! bharata-vaMzI bhAratI balam bhAvanA bhASAntaram Horse bhASiNI (strI.) bhikSA bhiGghaartoo bhujaMgaH jAyajA bhuvana-prathita bhUtiH sarasvatI bhAvanA anuvAda bolane vAlI bhIkha alaga-alaga honA ta sA~pa saMsAra prasiddha aizvarya (devotion) (welfare) (having a good face) (well !) (one born in the family of Bharatas) (goddess of learning) (feeling) (translation) (one that speaks) (alms) (to be different) (snake) (world-famous) (prosperity) 115

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bhUmA bhR (bharati) bhedaH bhedanItiH bhoktR bhautika zAstram ma maNDalam matam madIya man (manyate) manISA manISin mantramUla -maya mayUraka: maraNam malayaja mastiSkam (op (1) (awodyda) mahat mahattvam mahattvAkAMkSA mahAbhAgaH mAMsaruciH mANDalika mAtRbhaktaH - mAtra mAnin mAnuSyam mAnya (sotrose) Boobay lil) (loudy) foliuon 01) 5) (bjoul) STD) eoid) Joyal) How) red) imlsh (virreg.com) adhika bharanA farka phaTa kI nIti bhogane vAlA bhautikI samudAya, samUha mata, voTa merA mAnanA icchA vicArazIla jisake mUla salAha yA rahasya hai yukta mora mRtyu candana vRkSa dimAg2a meM bar3A mahattva padecchA mahodaya, bhAgyazAlI mAMsa meM ruci vAlA maNDala-sambandhI mAtA ke prati bhakti vAlA kevala svAbhimAnI manuSya rUpa mAnane yogya a SRIE 116 (enough) (to fill) (difference) (policy of dividing) (enjoyer) (physics) (circle) (opinion, vote) (my) (to believe) (desire) (thoughtful) (one that has consultation or secrecy in its root) (made of) (peacock) (death) (sandal tree) (brain) (big) (importance) (ambition) (great, fortunate) (interested in meat ) (divisional) (devoted to one's mother) (only) (one having) self respect) (human form) (agreeable)

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mAyA mArutaH mArjAraH mud (modate) mudrA - pradhAna muhUrtakam mUDha mUlam mUlya-patrakam mR ( mriyate) mRgendratA mRttikA mRtyuH mRS (mRSyati) medhAvin mokSa mohaH ya yat (yatate) yathAkAlam yathArthataH yantram yazolipsu yAc (yAcate) yogezvaraH yAminI yAvat yuktiH yudh (yudhyate) yojaka yojanA 100) anita) (tetiges) dion) (ead adz (ratiod) mAyA (avAstavika AbhAsa) havA bilAva prasanna honA mudrA - pramukha kSaNa bhara mUrkha jar3a bila maranA pazurAja kA pada miTTI mauta kSamA karanA buddhimAn mukti moha koziza karanA samayAnusAra ThIka taraha se mazIna yaza kA lobhI mA~ganA yogIrAja rAta jitanA, dalIla taka yuddha karanA * milAne vAlA yojanA an 15215 117 (illusion) (air) (he-cat) (to rejoice) (prominent in expression) (for a while) (foolish) (root) (bill) (to die) (rank of the king of animals) (clay) (death) (to pardon) (intelligent) (salvation) (delusion) (to try) (at proper time) (accurately) (machine) (name-greedy) (to beg) (king of yogis) (night) (as much, till) (argument) (to fight) (conjoiner) (plan)

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raktadurgam racanA racayitR ram (ramate) rAjakIya rAjadhAnI rAjyapAlaH lAla kilA racanA banAne vAlA prasanna honA zAsana kA rAjadhAnI rAjyapAla acchA laganA zakla manohara (red fort) (creation, work) (maker) (to rejoice) (official) (capital) (governor) (to be pleasing) (form) (charming) ruca rUpam rociSNu lakSaNam lakSam lakSyam lag (lagati) nizAnI, paribhASA lAkha lakSya laga jAnA laMgha (laMghayati) laghucetas labh (labhate) lipikaH lekhyam lokanRtyam hamalA karanA choTe dila vAlA pAnA sTeno mahattvapUrNa kAg2az2a loka-nRtya (sign, definition) (hundred thousands) (destination) (to attach oneself to) (to attack) (narrow-minded) (to get) (stenographer) (document) (folk dance) vA vaktR S bhASaNa dene vAlA lAmA varNa (varNayati) vatsaH (motioedia varNana karanA bachar3A, priya bAlaka gaMga = vand (vandate) (one that gives speeches) (to describe) (calf, endearing child) (to salute) (best person) (one that gives the best) (better) varaH praNAma karanA nAnA zreSTha janazreSTha vastu dene vAlA acchA 118 varada varam

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vardhanam vaMzIya varS (varSati) varSartuH varSA vasudhA 'vastutaH vAjI (vAjin) vAdaka: vAdyam vAsI (vAsin) vAsudevaH vAraNaH vikasita vikAsa: vikramaH vikrayaH vigata vicAra: (looge) vi+cAray (vicArayati) vijaya: vittam vid (vidyate) vidvad-dhaureya vidvas vidhAnam vinAza: vi+nodayU (vinodayati) ongor vipraH vi+ramay (viramayati) bar3hAnA vaMza kA barasanA varSA Rtu bAriza pRthvI vAstava meM ghor3A bajAne vAlA saMgIta-vAdya nivAsI zrIkRSNa hAthI vikasita vikAsa tAkata bikrI pichalA vicAra vicAra karanA jIta dhana honA zreSTha vidvAn vidvAn karanA nAza dila bahalAnA Heel brAhmaNa, buddhimAn puruSa rokanA 119 (increasing) (belonging to family) (to rain) (rainy season) (rain) (the earth) (in fact) (horse) (instrument-player) (musical instrument) (inhabitant) (Lord Krishna) (elephant) (developed) (development) (strength) (sale) (last) (thought) (to think) (ope (victory) (wealth) (to be) (best among scholars) (scholar) (doing) (destruction) (to entertain) (Brahmin, wise man) (to stop)

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virodha jhagar3A karanA jhagar3A ekAnta bhinna honA (opposition) (to dispute) (dispute) (lonely place) (to be different) virodhaH vi+vad (vivadate) vivAdaH viviktam vi+ziS (viziSyate) viziSTa vizeSa vizruta vizvavidyAlayaH viSam viSama viSayaH viSayaka vizeSa vizeSa prasiddha yUnivarsiTI z2ahara kaThina viSaya viSaya-sambandhita visadRza vi+smi (vismayate) vINA vRt (vartate) vRttAntaH vRttiH vRndam veNuH vepa (vepate) alaga-alaga, bhinna cakita honA vINA honA hAla cAla pezA jhuNDa bAMsurI kA~panA sacamuca dhana-sambandhI videzI bairI vizeSatA vaMza kharca karane se nizcita vyAkaraNamA (special) (special) (well-known) (university) (poison) (difficult) (subject) (concerned with the subject) (dissimilar) (to be surprised) (Veena) (to be) (state of being) (profession) (multitude) (flute) (to shiver) (truly) (financial) (foreigner) (enemy) (characteristic) (family) (by spending) (determined) (grammar) vaittika vaidezika vairin vaiziSTyam vyapadezaH vyayataH vyavasthita vyAkaraNam ver_120

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vraj (vrajati) jAnA (to go) zaMkAlu zak (zaknoti) zaMkhaH zaThaH zatAvadhAna zaMkA-yukta sakanA zaMkha zaraNam zarada zasyam zAsanam zAstrArthaH zAstrIya-nRtyam zikSA-zAstrin zikSA ziras zItam zItala zItam zucaH zubh (zobhate) zubhra zuzrUS (zuzrUSate) zakaraH zailI zobhana zobhA-yAtrA zobhinI zoSaya (zoSayati) zyAmala zrIH zru (zrRNoti) aneka bAtoM kA eka sAtha dhyAna karane vAlA zaraNa varSa anna zAsana zAstrIya vivAda zAstrIya-nRtya zikSA-zAstrI jvAlA sira sardI ThaMDA svabhAva zoka karo! acchA laganA ujjvala sevA karanA sUara zailI sundara, ThIka julUsa zobhA vAlI sukhAnA kAlA (suspecting) (to be able) (conch-shell) (wicked) (one who attends to many things at a time) (refuge) (year) (grains) (rule) (scriptural discussion) (classical dance) (educationist) (flame) (head) (cold) (cool) (nature) (grieve!) (to look pleasing) (bright) (to serve) (hog) (style) (all right) (procession) (elegant-fem.) (to dry) (black) (fortune) (to listen) lakSmI sunanA 121

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zrutavrat zreSTha zlokaH jJAnI sabase acchA saMskRta-padya (learned) (best) (Sanskrit verse) saMgIta-priya saMgrAmaH saMcayaH sata sati satkAraH satpuruSaH satsaMgaH santoSaH sannimittam saMpattiH saphalatA saMbhAraH saMbhAvita saMbhramaH saMvidhAnam sabhA samakAlika samayaH samasyA sam+ A+ car (samAcarati) samAja-sevaka samAdhAnam samArohaH samucita sam+ ni+ pat (saMnipatati) sam+ pad (saMpadyate) saMgIta-priya yuddha ikaTThA karanA satya hone para Avabhagata acchA puruSa satsaMga santoSa acchA uddezya aizvarya saphalatA taiyArI sammAnita ghabarAhaTa saMvidhAna sabhA samakAlIna samajhautA samasyA vyavahAra karanA (lover of music) (war) (collection) (truth) (on being) (hospitality) (gentleman) (religious assembly) (contentment) (good cause) (prosperity) (success) (preparation) (respected) (bewilderment) (constitution) (society) (contemporary) (agreement) (problem) (to practise. perform) (social worker) (removing doubt) (celebration) (very appropriate) (to collect) samAja sevaka saMdeha nivAraNa samAroha bilkula ucita ikaTThe honA sampanna honA (to be accomplished) 122

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aba janma lenA tAkA ijz2ata ijjata karanA (now) (to be born) (honour) (to respect) pratiSThita milAnA (respected) (to assemble) EP (properly) samprati sama+bhU (saMbhavati) ana) sammAnam sam+ mAnay rada (sammAnayati) ) sammAnita Spepar sam+melaya (sammelayati) samyak sarvocca nyAyAlayaH savitA (savita) and saMskAraH saMsthApanam sasmitam saha (sahate) saharSam sahasram sahiSNutA sAgaraH sAcivyam sAdhu sAmarthyam bopbsit sAmUhikama sAhityika diboda siddhiH sukhada sujala sudhIH suprathita suphala sumadhura suyodhana acchI prakAra se sarvocca nyAyAlaya sUraja aupacArika rIti sthApanA muskarAhaTa ke sAtha sahana karanA khuzI ke sAtha haz2Ara sahanazIlatA samudra sahAyatA acchA tAqata sAmUhika sAhityika saphalatA sukha dene vAlA bahuta jaloM yA nadiyoM vAlA vidvAn bahuta prasiddha bahuta phaloM vAlA bahuta mIThA jisase lar3anA AsAna ho (duryodhana kA nAma) ati rucikara 123 ma.51 (Supreme Court) (sun) (formal rite) (establishment) (with a smile) (to tolerate) (happily) (thousand) (tolerance) (ocean) (help) (good) (strength) (collective) (literary) (2 ) (success) (one that gives comfort) (having many rivers) (wise) (very famous) (having many fruits) (very sweet) (one easy to fight with, Duryodhan's name) (very interesting) sulalita

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sonA suvarNam suhAsinI (strI0) saMkSmatA sUtradhAra : sRj (sRjati) staraH sthalam snehay (snehayati) sundara muskarAhaTa vAlI bArIkImA netA paidA karanA stara sthAna prema yukta karanA (gold) (one that smiles beautifully) (subtlety) (leader) (to create) (standard) (place) (to make one affectionate) (to long for) (independence) (wealth) (sleeping) spRha (spRhayati) svatantratA svatvam svapnaH cAhanA Az2AdI dhana sonA svarga svAgata svAbhimAna svargaH (heaven) svAgatam svAbhimAnam (welcome) (self-respect) are ! hanta harSaH hAniH khuzI 3 (ah !) (happiness) (harm, loss) (indeed) (Himalaya) (to be delighted) pr (small) hAni vAstava meM himAlaya khuza honA choTA himavat tan hRS (hRSyati) hRsva Horotish bhAjAvaTa jAsibones 124

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(00 rAmAyaNa abhijJAna zAkuntalam X athaveda DID pItAmbara /