Nagri Pracharini Patrika Part 11

Author(s): Gaurishankar Hirashankar Oza
Publisher: Nagri Pracharini Sabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034972/1

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zrI yazovijayajI Ibollebic 10% dAdAsAheba, bhAvanagara, phona : 0278-2425322 300484s. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat, www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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nAgarIpacAriNI patrikA arthAt .. prAcIna zedhasaMbaMdhI traimAsika patrikA [ navIna saMskaraNa] bhAga 11-aMka 2 (kAzI nAgarI pracAriNImabhA).. saMpAdaka mahAmahopAdhyAya rA0ba0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA * kAzI-nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA dvArA prakAzita . zrAvaNa saMvat 1987 ] [ mUlya prati saMkhyA 2 rupayA

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pRSTha viSaya-sUcIviSaya .6-vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para eka sthUla dRSTi [le0 zrI paramAtmAzaraNa ema0 e0, kAzI ] ... ... 137 7-jayamalla aura phattA (pattA) kI pratimAe~ [le0-ThAkura caturasiMha, mevAr3a ]... ... ... ... 161 8-auraMgajeba kA "hitopadeza" [le0-paMDita lajArAma mehatA, bUMdI] ... ... ... ... 166 -hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa [ le0-zrI jagannAtha___ prasAda zarmA ema0 e0, kAzI] ... ... 177 sUcanA nimnalikhita naI pustakeM chapakara prakAzita ho gaI1-maithila kavi vidyApati Thakara kRta kIrtilatA [ saMpAdaka bAbUrAma sakasenA, ema0 e0] 2-akabarI darbAra (dUsarA bhAga) [ anuvAdaka-rAmacaMdra varmA ] 3-karmavAda aura janmAMtara [anuvAdaka-lallIprasAda pAMDeya ] 4-hiMdI-sAhitya kA itihAsa [lekhaka-rAmacaMdra zukla] -hiMdI-rasAMgAdhara [ lekhaka-puruSottama zarmA caturvedI ] 6-rasakhAna aura ghanAnaMda [saMpAdaka-amIrasiMha ] .. : chapa rahI haiM . 1-mu~haNota naiNasI kI khyAta (dUsarA bhaag)| 3.bA~kIdAsa graMthAvatI (dUsarA bhaag)| prakAzana-maMtrI nAgarImatrAriNI sabhA, kAzI;

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( 6 ) vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para eka sthUla dRSTi [ lekhaka-zrI paramAtmAzaraNa ema0 e0, kAzI] - kucha samaya pahale taka pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA aisA vizvAsa thA ki prAcIna kAla meM bhAratavarSa kA kisI anya deza se saMbaMdha nahIM thaa| unakA mata thA ki "vizAla bhArata" ' bhAratIya saMskRti aura sabhyatA kA utkarSa aitihAsika khoja kA eka usI bhUmi ke aMdara parimita thA aura nayA viSaya bhAratIya sabhyatA tathA sAmrAjya kabhI anya dezoM meM nahIM phaile| isa vizvAsa kA eka kAraNa to yaha thA ki hamAre isa yuga ke dharmAdhikAriyoM ne samudra . pAra jAne ko dharma-viruddha ThaharA diyA thaa| aisI avasthA meM jaba pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne hamAre sAhitya kA adhyayana pahale pahala kiyA taba unhoMne hiMduoM ke jAta-pAMta aura khAna-pAna ityAdi ke jhagar3oM ko dekhakara yaha pariNAma nikAlA ki yaha deza sadaiva se aise hI pArthakya kI nIti kA pAlana karatA hai, ataeva isakA kisI dUsare deza se saMbaMdha nahIM ho sakatA thaa| isI AdhAra para, ina vidvAnoM ne yaha pariNAma bhI nikAlA ki bhAratavarSa meM vijJAna Adi padArtha vidyAoM kI koI unnati nahIM huii| unako yahI jAna par3A ki yahA~ ke loga saba se alaga kone meM baiThakara pAralaukika vijJAna aura tattvoM kI mAnasika imArateM hI banAte rhe|

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138 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA paraMtu bosavIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM hI kucha naI khoja huI jisake kAraNa uparyukta siddhAMta kI jar3eM hila gaI / san 1807 I0 meM eka jaramana vidvAn purAtatvavettA ne sIriyA deza meM bogajakuI sthAna para eka prAcIna lekha khoja nikAlA jisake kAraNa "bhAratavarSa kI adbhuta viraktatA" ( India's splendid isolation ) vAlA siddhAMta bilakula bebuniyAda sAbita ho gayA / isa lekha se yaha patA calA ki I0 pU0 caudahavIM zatAbdI meM kepeDoziyA' meM do yuyutsu jAtiyA~ arthAt hiTTAiTa aura mitanno saMdhi karate samaya iMdra, varuNa evaM marut ityAdi vaidika devatAoM se zubhAkAMkSA karatI aura unakI sAkSI detI EUR1 isa saMdhi ke phala svarUpa una donoM jAtiyoM ke rAjagharAnoM meM eka vivAha hotA hai aura isameM vara vadhU ko AzIrvAda dene kI devatAoM se yAcanA kI jAtI hai / isa prakAra yaha sAbita ho gayA ki bhAratIya sabhyatA prAcIna kAla meM kevala isI deza ke cAroM konoM meM parimita nahIM thI varan usake bAhara bhI dUra dUra ke dezoM meM phailI huI thI / gata bIsa pacIsa barase ke anveSaNa se yaha siddha huA hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti samasta pazcimI aura madhya eziyA ke dezoM meM tathA pUrva meM jAvA, sumAtrA, zyAma, kaMboDiyA, bAlI, ityAdi sthAnoM meM phailI huI thI / hamArI yaha saMskRti katra kaba aura kahA~ kahA~ phailI aura usakA kyA prabhAva par3A isakA varNana karane se pahale bhArata ke prAcIna jIvanoddeza para eka sthUla dRSTi DAlanA ucita pratIta hotA hai / (1) sIriyA deza ke eka bhAga kA prAcIna nAma /

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 136 jisa samaya Arya' loga bhAratavarSa meM Ae, unheM draviDa jAti kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| AyoM ne dravir3oM ko naSTa bhAratIya sAmrAjya. karanA apanA dharma nahIM smjhaa| isake Adarza kI anya sama- viparIta unhoMne dravir3oM ko apane kAlIna jAtiyoM ke meM milA liyA aura donoM ke mela se aAdarza se tulanA eka zaktizAlI bhAratIya jAti utpanna huI jisane eka mahatI sabhyatA ko janma diyaa| isa jAti ne bar3e bar3e kArya siddha kie aura saMsAra ke itihAsa meM apanA nAma amara kara dikhaayaa| isI avasara meM yahA~ para bar3e bar3e yuddha bhI hue aura isa jAti ne apane ina anubhavoM se Adarza zikSAe~ grahaNa kii| usane anubhava kiyA ki yuddha meM saccI jIta usI kI hai jisane dharma ko nahIM chor3A, aura yaha ki zAMti kI sthApanA hI yuddha kA saccA phala honA caahie| isI Adarza ko lekara mahArAja azoka ne apane dharma-sAmrAjya athavA vizAla bhArata kI sthApanA kii| paraMtu azoka ke samakAlIna anya dezoM ke rAjAoM kA Adarza upayukta Adarza se bhinna thA / udAharaNArtha I0 pU0 500 ke lagabhaga IrAna ke rAjA Derisa ne sArvabhauma rAjya sthApita karane ke abhiprAya se misra aura mesopoTAmiyA ke rAjyoM ko naSTa kiyaa| IrAna ke isa sAmrAjyavAda kI yUnAna ko bhI cATa lagI aura yUnAna kA prabhAva roma para pdd'aa| idhara (1) prAyaH pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA evaM unake etaddezIya anuyAyiyoM kA mata hai ki "Arya" jAti-vizeSa kA nAma hai| paraMtu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha mata nizcaya rUpa se ThIka hI hai, aisA kahanA kaThina hai|

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140 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA etheMsa, spArTA, ityAdi, udhara roma, sabhI sAmrAjya sthApanA kI daur3a meM bahane lge| aMta meM sikaMdare prAjama ne samasta pazcimI eziyA ko apane vaza meM kiyaa| yUnAna meM sikaMdara ne aura roma meM kaisaroM ne sArvabhauma sAmrAjya ke Adarza ko aMdhe hokara pkdd'aa| unhoMne apane se pahale ke sAmrAjyoM ke itihAsa se zikSA na lii| ve isa bAta ko bhUla gae ki jo rAjya pAzavika zakti kI ratIlI buniyAda para khar3e hote haiM ve cirasthAyI nahIM hote| sikaMdara ke marate hI usakA sAmrAjya chinna bhinna ho gyaa| kiMtu usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ko bhI vahI nazA savAra thaa| unhoMne gire hue bhavana ko phira se uThAne kA yatna kiyaa| unhoMne par3osiyoM ko naSTa karake apanI svArtha-siddhi ke hetu amAnuSika bala ke AdhAra para sAmrAjya khar3A karane kI phira se ceSTA kI / isake viparIta bhAratavarSa ke samrATa azoka ne isI yuga meM eka dUsare hI prakAra ke sAmrAjya kI sthApanA kii| usane saMsAra ke sAmane zAMti ke rAjya kA evaM apane sAmane manuSya mAtra (saMbhavataH jIva mAtra) kI unnati kA prAdarza rkhaa| isa mahAn Adarza ko lekara usane apane jIvana meM do bar3e kArya saMpAdita kie| kaliMga yuddha ke bAda hI usane svArthI sAmrAjyavAda kA ekadama bahiSkAra kara diyaa| paraMtu vaha itane se hI saMtuSTa na rahA / usane pAzavika zakti ke sthAna para mAnuSika tathA Atmika zakti se prAdhyAtmika zakti kA sAmrAjya sthApana karane kA saMkalpa kiyA aura isa saMkalpa ko apane jIvana meM pUrA karake dikhA diyaa| isa prakAra samrAT dharmAzoka kA dhArmika sAmrAjya samasta eziyA para sthApita huaa|

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 141 yaha rAjya talavAra ke bala se nahIM kiMtu vizva-prema, sevAbhAva, prAtma-samarpaNa, tathA AdhyAtmika bala ke dvArA sthApita kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra bhAratavarSa ke samrATa apane anokhe Adarza ko lekara vizva vijaya karane nikale aura yahIM se "vizAla bhArata' kI nIMva pdd'o|' / pahale to azoka ne sAre deza meM dharma arthAt satya aura saujanya kA pracAra kiyaa| phira anya dezoM ko bhI dharma _ graMthi meM prathita karane ke liye deza-dezAMazoka ne bhAratIya 'taroM meM pracAraka bheje, jaise-(1) sabhyatA kA kitanA "sIriyA, jahA~ usa samaya eMTiyokasa vistAra kiyA thiyosa rAjya karatA thA; (2) misra, jahA~ usa samaya TolemI philADelphasa kA rAjya thA; (3) sAirIna, jahA~ megasa nAma kA rAjA thA; (4) meseDoniyA, jo eMTigonasa goneTasa ke rAjya meM thA, ityaadi| isake atirikta usane apane putra maheMdra tathA putrI saMghamitrA ko laMkA bhejA aura svarNabhUmi arthAt barmA meM bhI pracAraka bheje| azoka ke isa mahAna kArya se saMsAra ne pahale pahala isa bAta kA anubhava kiyA ki rAjanIti aura rAjyavistAra kevala svArtha ke liye hI nahIM varan AdhyAtmika uddeza se bhI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra mahArAja azoka ke dvArA bhAratavarSa (1) mahAbhArata tathA anya prAcIna graMthoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya bhI isa deza kA sAmrAjya bhAratavarSa ke bAhara dUra dUra dezoM para rahA hogaa| kiMtu usakA vistRta vivaraNa vidita nahIM hai| (2) ina dezoM ke nAma 257.6 pU. I. ke azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM die hue haiN|

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142 nAgarIpracAriyo patrikA . ne saMsAra kI jAtiyoM ko zAMti tathA saccI unnati kA upahAra pradAna kiyaa| azoka kI isa mahAna vijaya ke sAmane sikaMdara kI sAMsArika lolupatA se paripUrNa saphalatA aura vizva-vijaya - saba tuccha haiN| bhAratavarSa para to isa sikaMdara kI digvi vijaya kA tanika bhI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| jaya kI azoka kI vijetA ke lauTate hI yahA~ kI janatA digvijaya se tulanA " usake isa tuccha tathA ghRNita kAma ko aise bhUla gaI mAno vaha eka svapna thaa| isake bAda caMdragupta ne sikaMdara ke yUnAnI uttarAdhikAriyoM ko bhArata se mAra bhgaayaa| taba donoM meM sulaha ho gaI aura bhArata kA mAna itanA bar3hA ki megasthinIja, DAImekasa, DAyonisiyasa ityAdi rAjadUta yUnAna tathA mitra prAdi dezoM se magadha ke darabAra meM Ate rhe| ve saba bhArata se saMbaMdha barAbara rakhanA cAhate the| ve bhAratavarSa kI sabhyatA se prabhAvita hone laga gae the| aise samaya meM azoka ne bhAratIya Adarza evaM sabhyatA kA ina dezoM meM pracAra kiyaa| ___ isake kucha kAla pIche I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI meM phira katipaya yUnAnI rAjAoM ne bhArata ke kaI bhAgoM para adhikAra jamA liyaa| paraMtu isa samaya unameM azoka ke pracAra ra se kaI eka hiMdU dharma ke anuyAyI ho ra cuke the| san 150 (I0 pU0) ke besanagara ke staMbha-lekha se patA calatA hai ki eka yUnAnI rAjA ne vaiSNava mata grahaNa kiyA thaa| bauddha dharma ke graMtha "milinda panho" se spaSTa hai ki bauddha darzana aura dharma kA kitanA kA prabhAva (1) arthAt "miAMDara rAjA kI prshnaavlii"|

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 143 prabhAva yUnAnI vidvAnoM para pdd'aa| kalA para bhI bhArata kA gaharA prabhAva par3A jisake phala svarUpa "yUnAnI-bauddha-kalA" (Greeco-Buddhist Art ) kI utpatti huii|| apane isa Atma-samarpaNa tathA vizvaprema ke Adarza ko bhAratavarSa ne sadaiva sAmane rakhA aura. pUrI taraha nibAhA / ' _. yahI prAdarza isa deza ke sAhitya meM hara bhAratavarSa kA Adarza aura usakI saphalatA " jagaha hameM milatA hai / pahalI aura dUsarI " zatAbdI IsavI meM jaba madhya eziyA kI prArya-bauddha jAtiyA~ isa deza meM pAI taba unako apanAne meM bhAratIya janatA ne tanika bhI roka Toka na kii| itanA hI nahIM, kiMtu usane hInayAna, arthAt kevala vyaktigata nirvANa ke mA ke atirikta mahAyAna arthAt samasta mAnava samAja kI zAMti evaM mokSa prApti ke mArga kI yojanA kii| usa samaya ke sarvocca paMDita azvaghoSa ne usI sAmAjika prAdarza ko phailAyA jisakI pUrti ke liye mahArAja azoka ne jIvana bhara prayatna kiyA thaa| aba usako samasta bhAratIya janatA ne apanA liyaa| IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI se bhAratavarSa ne apane vizva-prema kA saMdesA phailAnA prAraMbha kara diyaa| alpAtmA ko vizvAtmA athavA sUtrAtmA ke liye samarpaNa karane ke isa mahAn Adarza ko lekara bhAratavarSa ne prAtmika sAmrAjyanirmANa ke patha kA anusaraNa kiyA aura thor3e hI samaya meM mArya saMskRti tibbata, cIna, koriyA, jApAna, barmA, zyAma, iMDo-cAyanA, jAvA ityAdi ityAdi sthAnoM meM phaila gii| isa prakAra bhArata kI vizva-vijaya huI aura bhAratIya saMskRti kA (1) mitrasya cakSuSA samIkSAmahe veda /

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144 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA sAmrAjya sthApita humaa| isI prakAra kI vijaya tathA Adarza kA kAlidAsa ne bhI "raghuvaMza" meM ullekha kiyA hai, yathA sa vizvajitamAjaha yajJa sarvasvadakSiNam / AdAnaM hi visargAya satAM vArimucAmiva / / (sarga 4, zloka 86) hama apane prAcIna itihAsa ke isa bhAga ko bilakula bhUla gae the| thor3e hI dinoM se isa kSetra kI aura vidvAnoM kA dhyAna gayA hai aura aba isakI khoja bar3e vega se ho rahI hai| bar3e bar3e vidvAna isI kAma meM apanA jIvana lagA rahe haiM jisase AzA hotI hai ki isa viSaya kA pUrA hAla hamako zIghra hI mAlUma ho jaaygaa| isa itihAsa se Adhunika zAsakoM aura rAjanItijJoM ke aMtararASTrIya saMbaMdhoM kI zikSA grahaNa karane kI bar3I AvazyakatA hai| mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM yaha yuga eka vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai| isameM bhinna bhinna dezoM kI saMskRtiyoM kA ekIkaraNa evaM paraspara puSTi karaNa aisA huA jaisA Aja taka kabhI nahIM huaa| bauddha, mAjadA, TAo, kanphyUziyana, kRzciyana, ityAdi aneka mata apane apane tarka aura prAcAra vicAroM ko lekara Apasa meM mila ge| ve Aja kI taraha lar3e nhiiN| isake viparIta isa saMbaMdha se pratyeka ne bar3A bhArI lAbha utthaayaa| udAharaNa ke liye hama bauddhamata kA IsAI mata para kyA aura kitanA prabhAva par3A use nIce dete haiN| viseMTa smitha Adi itihAsavettA isa bAta ko mAnate haiM ki IsAI mata ke prAraMbhika nirmANa para bauddhamata kA bar3A gaharA prabhAva par3A hai| yaha bAta aba siddha ho gaI hai ki mahAtmA IsAGke janma ke pahale hI "sAirIna" (Cyrene) aura

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 145 misra meM esinIja (Essenes) aura therApyUTa (Therapeuts) loga rahate the| ye donoM bauddha matAvalaMbI the| ina dezoM meM bauddhoM ne 200 varSa pUrva se vahI dharma phailA rakhA thA jisakA pracAra bAda meM IsA ne kiyaa| IsA ke Agamana se pUrva "jAna bepTisTa' (John, the Baptist ) esinIja logoM ke mata se bhalI bhAMti paricita thaa| kucha logoM kA vizvAsa hai ki vaha svayaM bauddha thaa| kadAcit IsA ne bauddhadharma ke siddhAMta isI se sIkhe the| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki prAraMbha meM IsAI aura bauddha dharma meM kitanI samAnatA thii| ____ bhAratIya saMskRti kA vistAra azoka ke kAla se musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa taka barAbara anya dezoM aura jAtiyoM meM hotA rhaa| isa vistAra ko hama do bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM jisameM isake kA anya dezoM meM vistAra adhyayana meM subhItA ho| eka to bhArata ke pazcimottarI dezoM aura jAtiyoM meM, dUsarA pUrvI dezoM aura jAtiyoM meN| isa vibhAga meM cIna, tibbata, naipAla, jApAna, madhya eziyA ( jisako Serindia bhI kahate haiM ) arthAt khutana, kUcA, hai kAzagara, Adi saba dezoM ko zAmila pazcimottara dezoM meM jAgara, Adi saba dazA kA - kara sakate haiN| isa vibhAga meM kUciyana, sogaDiyana, maMgoliyana ityAdi jAtiyoM para bhAratIya saMskRti kA bar3A bhArI prabhAva par3A jisake kAraNa unhoMne isa saMskRti ko cIna ityAdi dezoM meM phailAne meM bar3A bhArI kAma kiyaa| (1) dekho ' Fountain-head of Religion,' by Pt. Ganga Prasad, M.A., 4th Ed., pp. 17. 18. )

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146 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ina jAtiyoM ke dvArA cIna meM bauddha dharma kA pracAra IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI meM hI ho gayA thA, kiMtu bhAratavarSa se cIna ___ kA sIdhA saMbaMdha cauthI zatAbdI ke aMta cIna se saMbaMdha ' meM phAhiyAna ke bAda se prAraMbha hotA hai| isa samaya se bauddha dharma ke kaI mukhya mukhya graMthoM kA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda huA, jaise dharmapada, miliMdapada ityAdi / phA-hiyAna bhAratavarSa meM koI 15 varSa rahA aura deza ke eka sire se dUsare sire taka ghuumaa| usane pATaliputra meM revatI nAmaka bauddha vidvAn se zikSA grahaNa kI aura laMkA meM jAkara dharma pracAra kiyaa| phA-hiyAna ke atirikta isa samaya anya bahuta se bhakta cIna se gobI registAna, khutana aura pAmIra ke bhayAnaka pahAr3I rAstoM se isa deza meM Ate rhe| phA-hiyAna bhI isI mArga se pAyA thaa| vaha takSazilA, puruSapura (pezAvara) ityAdi vidyApIThoM meM ghUmA, tIna varSa pATaliputra meM Thaharakara bauddha dharma kA adhyayana karatA rahA aura aMta meM laMkA, jAvA ityAdi hotA huA cIna lauTa gyaa| ___isI samaya eka vidvAn kumArajIva ne bauddha dharma ko cIna meM phailAne meM bar3A bhArI kAma kiyaa| kumArajIva kA pitA eka bhAratIya thaa| yuvA avasthA meM vaha kAzmIra meM jA bsaa| vahA~ usane usa deza kI rAjaputrI se vivAha kiyaa| inakA putra kumArajIva huaa| kumArajIva kI mAtA apane putra ko zikSA dilAne ke liye bhArata meM praaii| yuvaka kumArajIva bauddha ho gayA aura cIna meM jAkara usane bauddha graMthoM ke anuvAda karane ke liye eka maTha sthApita kiyaa| yaha bar3A tIkSNabuddhi tathA prakAMDa paMDita thaa| isake saphalIbhUta kArya ne cIna

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 147 meM bauddha dharma kI buniyAda ko pAtAla taka pahu~cA diyaa| isI samaya meM (I0 416 meM ) eka aura vidvAna, buddhabhadra ne cIna meM jAkara dhyAna saMpradAya kI sthApanA kii| pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM kaI vidvAn pracAraka laMkA aura jAvA se cIna meM gae aura unhoMne vahA~ bauddha dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| isake atirikta kAzmIra kA rAjakumAra, jo rAja-pATa ko lAta mArakara bauddha bhikSu ho gayA thA, apane dharma kA pracAra karane cona gyaa| vahA~ para usane do bauddha-vihAroM kI sthApanA kI aura bhikSuNiyoM kI bhI eka saMsthA claaii| chaThI zatAbdI meM samudra mArga ke dvArA laMkA aura malAyA ke TApuoM meM se hote hue cIna se bhAratavarSa kA adhika AnA jAnA zurU huaa| eka aura bar3A bauddha paMDita paramArtha nAmaka (420500) san 440 I0 meM cIna meM phuNcaa| vahA~ para usane basubaMdhu tathA anya vidvAnoM ke graMthoM ke anuvAda kie aura yogAcArya saMpradAya kI sthApanA kii| isa kAla meM cIna aura bhArata kA vizeSa saMbaMdha ho gyaa| bahu se loga donoM dezoM se Ane jAne lge| itsiMga tathA yuvAnacvAMga ke lekhoM se mAlUma hotA hai 6ThI zatAbdI se 11 ki cIna ityAdi dezoM meM bhAratIya dharma vIM ta / cIna aura bhArata ke prati bar3I bhArI zraddhA tathA prema patpanna kA saMdha ho gayA thaa| saba deza ise apanA prAdhyAmika guru mAnane lage the| isa samaya meM jina jina bhAratIya graMthoM kA anuvAda cInI bhASA meM huA ve saba cIna ke sAhitya kA eka mUlyavAna bhAga bana gae haiN| bhArata ke prati itanI bhakti huI ki yahA~ kI kalA, vijJAna, darzana

Page #15
148 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ityAdi jo kucha bhI vidyAe~ una dezoM meM jAtI thIM unako sarvocca sthAna diyA jAtA thaa| isa viSaya para pAla peliyaTa, sara pArela sTAina, tathA gruna veDela ityAdi vidvAnoM kI naI khoja ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki yUnAnI, IrAnI, IsAI tathA mainikiyana yaha saba saMskRtiyA~ madhya eziyA meM prAkara bauddha dharma kI prAtmA meM sammilita ho gii| isI samaya cIna meM TAo mata aura kanaphyUziyana mata bhI z2ora pakar3a rahe the aura TAo matAvalaMbiyoM aura bauddhoM meM paraspara bar3e jhagar3e hue| 13vIM zatAbdI meM caMgeja khA~ ke putra kubalaI khA~ ke rAjya meM to bauddhoM kI vijaya huI, kiMtu usake bAda unakA patana prAraMbha ho gyaa| koriyA meM bauddha mata cIna se cauthI zatAbdI meM hI pahu~ca gayA thaa| isake bAda kucha pracAraka bhAratavarSa se bhI vahA~ gae / chaThI zatAbdI meM koriyA ke rAjA koriyA aura jApAna " aura rAnI bhI bhikSu ho gae the| san meM bhAratIya sabhyatA 536 I0 meM jApAna meM yahIM se bauddha dharma phuNcaa| vahA~ para pahale to kucha virodha huaa| kiMtu chaThI zatAbdI ke aMta taka samasta virodhI dala naSTa ho gayA / jApAnI rAjA umAyADo ne bauddha dharma ko san 587 I0 meM rAjadharma banA diyaa| usane koriyA se bauddha paMDitoM ko jyotiSa prAdi vidyAoM kI zikSA ke liye bulAyA aura bauddha dharma ke adhyayanArtha cIna meM vidyArthI bheje| phira to jApAna meM aneka pracAraka tathA dharma-zikSaka pahu~ca ge| phala yaha huA ki zIghra hI jApAna ke sAmAjika aura mAdhyAtmika jIvana para bauddha dharma ke prAcAra vicAra, dayA, ahiMsA ityAdi ke bhAdoM kA bar3A

Page #16
vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 146 gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| san 736 meM bhArata kA bauddha paMDita bodhIsena jApAna meM gayA aura vahA~ kA mahaMta bnaa| ina pracArakoM ne jApAna meM saMgIta, zilpa tathA anya kalAoM kI bhI bar3o bhArI unnati kI jinake namUne jApAna ke vicitrAlaya meM aba taka vidyamAna haiN| inake atirikta bauddha hakImoM ne apanI sevA tathA saujanya se aisA prabhAva DAlA ki bauddha dharma kI bar3I jaldI unnati huii| tibbata deza kI rAjanItika mahattA sAtavIM zatAbdI meM 'mahArAjA sA~ga sAna gempo (630.668 I0) ke samaya meM __ bddh'ii| sAna gempo ne do vivAha kie, tibdhata meM bhAratIya eka nepAlI strI se, dUsarA cInI strI se| sabhyatA usakI nepAlI rAnI ne tibbata meM bauddha dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| gempo ne apane maMtrI kuMbhI saMpoTA ko bauddha dharma kA adhyayana karane ke liye bhAratavarSa bhejaa| usane devanAgarI prakSaroM ke AdhAra para tibbatI lipi bnaaii| gempo ke bAda eka aura rAjA ne (740-786) bhAratIya vidvAnoM ko apane yahA~ bulAyA aura bauddha graMthoM ke anuvAda kraae| isa prakAra tibbata kA apanA sAhitya tathA dharma-pustakeM taiyAra ho gii| tibbata meM eka navIna prakAra kA saMpradAya paidA ho gayA / vahA~ para ucca darzanazAstra tathA vAstavika bauddha dharma ke sthAna para rahasyavAda aura chAyAvAda kA adhika prAdara humaa| isI ke phala kharUpa vahA~ para vajrayAna tathA kAlacakrayAna kI utpatti huI aura lAmAmata kI sthApanA huii| terahavIM zatAbdI meM TAo matAvalaMbiyoM ne bauddha dharma kA bar3A virodha kiyA aura bauddha dharma mAnanevAloM para bar3e pratyAcAra

Page #17
150 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA karane zurU kie| unake bahuta se maMdira tathA maTha jalA DAle aura bahuta se chIna lie| isI samaya meM maMgola vijetA caMgeja khA~ ne turka aura maMgola cIna, tibbata aura bhAratavarSa kI pazcimI jAtiyoM meM bhAratIya sImA taka samasta madhya eziyA ko jIta sabhyatA liyaa| san 1227 meM usakI mRtyu ke bAda usakA beTA jagataI siMhAsanAdhIza humaa| jagataI san 1241 meM mara gayA aura usake bAda maMgU ko khAna nirvAcita kiyA gyaa| usake choTe bhAI kubalaI ne dakSiNa cIna ko bhI adhikRta kara liyaa| san 1256 meM kubalaI svayaM rAjA ho gyaa| caMgeja khA~ to apanI lar3AI aura car3hAiyoM ke kAma meM itanA vyasta rahatA thA ki bauddha loga usa taka apanI phariyAda na pahu~cA ske| kiMtu maMgR khA~ aura usake bhAI kubalaI khA~ ke zAsana meM sthiti badala gii| bauddhoM ne maMgU khA~ se zikA yata kI ki TAo matavAle hama para bar3e atyAcAra karate haiN| maMga khA~ ne donoM matoM ke paMDitoM ke bIca meM kaI bar3e-bar3e zAstrArtha kraae| aMta meM phagsa pA1 nAmI lAmA ne TAnI matavAloM ko pUrNatayA parAjita kara diyA, aura zarta ke anusAra aThAraha TAo paMDitoM ko sara muMDAkara bauddha dharma grahaNa karanA pdd'aa| phagsa pA kA kubalaI khA~ para itanA prabhAva par3A ki usane bauddha dharma ko rAjadharma banA liyA aura phagsa pA ko bulAkara rAjamahaMta ke pada para niyukta kiyaa| tibbata ke dvArA bhAratavarSa aura nepAla kI bhinna bhinna vidyAe~ tathA kalAe~ madhya eziyA meM maMgoloM ke rAjya meM phuNcii| san (1) "pharasa pA" Arya zabda kA tibbatI rUpa hai|

Page #18
vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 151 1280 meM phagsa pA kA svargavAsa huaa| usake bAda dharmapAla usake sthAna para lAmA huaa| una logoM ke pracAra kA itanA prabhAva par3A ki madhya eziyA aura sAiberiyA ke turka, tibbatI tathA anya nikaTastha jAtiyA~ eka AdhyAtmika ekatA ke sUtra meM baMdha gii| isI samaya meM bhArata ke loga barmA, zyAma, kaMboDiyA ityAdi dezoM meM se hote hue sumAtrA, jAvA, borniyo aura bAlI 1. ityAdi dvIpoM meM pahu~ce aura vahAM unhoMne pUrvI dezoM tathA dvIpoM " apane upaniveza sthApita kie| ina sthAnoM meM purAne khaMDahara tathA zilAlekha ityAdi bahuta mile haiN| inake atirikta anya prakAra ke pramANa bhI aise mila cuke haiM jinake prAdhAra para yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki bhAratavarSa ke vyApArI tathA yAtrI loga ina dezoM meM bhI pahale se hI pahu~ca gae the| cInI sAhitya se patA calatA hai ki phunAna arthAt kaMboDiyA meM tIsarI zatAbdI meM bhAratIya loga maujUda the| ataeva yaha kahanA nirAdhAra nahIM hogA ki IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI se hI bhAratIya saMskRti kA kAphI prabhAva pIgU, barmA, caMpA, kAMboja, sumAtrA, jAvA ityAdi para par3a cukA thaa| phira pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM anya dezoM meM nae bhAratIya upaniveza zurU hue aura caMpA tathA kAMboja bilakunta hiMdU bana gae / yaha samaya bhAratavarSa meM bar3I vaijJAnika tathA sAhityika unnati kA thaa| isa jJAnonnati ke kAraNa saba matoM meM paraspara sahiSNutA tathA udAratA ke bhAva bar3ha rahe the| yahI samaya thA jisameM bauddhamata bhI hiMdU dharma kA eka aMga bana gyaa|

Page #19
152 nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA ina pUrvI dezoM meM bhAratIya sabhyatA aba taka vidyamAna hai / vahA~ ke tyohAra ityAdi bhAratIya haiN| rAmAyaNa tathA bAharI dezoM meM mahAbhArata kA utanA hI mAna vahA~ para bhAratIya sabhyatA zrAja hai jitanA yahA~ para / udAharaNa ke taka vidyamAna hai / liye zyAma ke eka tyohAra kA saMkSipta vivaraNa nIce diyA jAtA hai / zyAma meM isa tyohAra ko "loha ciMgacA" bolate haiM / isa zabda kA sIdhA artha hai "jhUlA jhUlanA" / yaha tyohAra pauSa mahIne meM zyAma ke baiMkAka nagara meM manAyA jAtA hai / isameM brAhmaNoM kA bar3A kAma par3atA hai / isake manAne ke zyAma meM jhUle kA tyohAra liye eka vizeSa tIrthasthAna niyata hai / prati varSa niyata dina se kucha samaya pahale rAjA apane eka ucca padAdhikArI ko utsava kA pramukha banane kA kAma sauMpa detA hai / isako ziva kA ( phrAIvena, arthAt Izvara ) pArTa khelanA par3atA hai / jhUle ke liye eka bAr3A bA~dhA jAtA hai / yaha jhUlA chaH majabUta rassoM kA hotA hai / usameM jhUlane ke liye eka takhatA koI cha phuTa laMbA laTakA diyA jAtA hai / isa takhate meM eka aura rasso ba~dhI hotI hai jise pakar3akara koTe dene meM AsAnI hotI hai / jhUle ke pazcima kI ora usase thor3I dUra para eka laMbA bA~sa gAr3a diyA jAtA hai aura usa meM rupayoM kI eka poTalI laTakA dI jAtI hai / utsava ke prAraMbha hote samaya cAra hRSTa puSTa yuvaka vizeSa prakAra ke vastra dhAraNa karake jhUle para car3ha jAte haiN| inakI TopiyA~ bar3I U~cI hotI haiM aura dekhane meM nAgamukhI sI lagatI haiN| 1

Page #20
vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 153 ina TopiyoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ye loga na to devatA haiM na manuSya, balki zeSanAga kI prajA meM se haiM aura saMsAra ko zivajI kI lIlA dikhAne pAe haiN| / brAhmaNa loga akhAr3e meM dAkhila hokara prArthanA karanA prAraMbha karate haiM aura eka AdamI jhUle ko hilAnA zurU kara detA hai| jaba jhoTe bar3hane lagate haiM taba ve cAra manuSya, jo takhate para car3he hote haiM, devatAoM ko namaskAra karane ke liye nava jAte haiN| phira dhIre dhIre jhoTe itane bar3ha jAte haiM ki jhUlA usa bA~sa taka pahu~cane lagatA hai| taba bhUlanevAloM meM se eka mAge ko jhukakara rupayoM kI poTalI apane dA~toM se pakar3a letA hai| isa prakAra tIna bAra nae cAra bhUlanevAle, nayA takhatA, naI poTalI ityAdi saba badalakara vahI lIlA kI jAtI hai| khela samApta hone para yaha bAraha jhUlanevAle nAdiyoM ke soMga lekara tIna tIna bAra nAcate haiM aura apane soMgoM ko pAnI meM Dubokara saba para chir3akate haiN| mukhya pAtra arthAt jo isa utsava kA rAjA banatA hai vaha saba lIlA ko eka nizcita 'prAsana para baiThA huA dekhatA rahatA hai| usakA bAyA~ paira jamIna para rakhA rahatA hai aura dahanA bAe~ ghuTane pr| utsava ke aMta taka use isI prakAra baiThanA par3atA hai| isake bAda brAhmaNa jana stutigAna karate haiM jisako sunane ke pazcAt bhagavAn "phrAIsvena" apane devatAoM ke sAtha bidA ho jAte haiN| tIsare dina phira yaha saba lIlA isI prakAra doharAI jAtI hai aura taba yaha utsava samApta ho jAtA hai| __yaha utsava prAcIna samaya meM sAre zyAma deza meM manAyA jAtA thaa| kiMtu praba kevala baiMkAka meM hI vasaMta kI

Page #21
154 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA saMkrAMti ke dina manAyA jAtA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa tyohAra kA abhiprAya sUrya ke uttarI golArdha meM mAne tathA usake cakroM ko saMketa karanA hai| kiMtu isakA saMbaMdha kRSi se bhI mAlUma hotA hai| zivajI zrAvaNa zu0 saptamI ko isa pRthvI para padhArate haiN| isa kAraNa saptamI aura navamI ko yaha utsava kiyA jAtA hai| ____yaha sApha mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha tyohAra bhAratIya DolayAtrA kA rUpAMtara hI hai| hamAre deza meM yaha phAlguna kI pUrNimA ko manAyA jAtA hai| isameM jo kucha pharaka ho gayA hai vaha samaya aura sthAna ke kAraNa se hai| . paraMtu jhUle ke laTThoM ko meru parvata, rassoM ko zeSa, tIna takhatoM ko tIna devatAoM, arthAt prAditya, candra aura dharaNI, kA cihna rUpa mAnA jAtA hai| isase yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki, yaha utsava devatAoM ke samudra-maMthanavAlo kathA ke smRtirUpa ho| bhUle ke jhoTe pUraba pazcima dizA meM die jAte haiN|. isase bhI isa vicAra kI puSTi hotI hai| jisa prakAra bhAratavarSa meM gur3iyoM aura kaThaputaliyoM ke khela tamAze hote haiM usI prakAra jAvA meM bhI hote haiN| vahA~ para ina tamAzoM ko vAryAga kahate haiN| jAvA meM mahAbhArata aura vAyAMga yadyapi jAvA-nivAsI 500 varSa se musala mAna dharmAnuyAyI hai to bhI unake vAyAMgoM meM aba taka hiMduoM kI prAcIna kathAe~ pracalita haiN| ina vAyAMgoM kA dikhalAnevAlA, jise "dAlaMga" kahate haiM, kaThaputa ( 9 ) "Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics," (vol. V., p. 889.)

Page #22
vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 155 liyoM ko eka DorI ke jarie se nacAtA hai| isI prakAra hamAre deza meM hotA hai| bheda itanA hai ki yahA~ para dekhanevAle kaThaputaliyoM ko hI dekhate haiM, kiMtu jAvA meM inakI parachAI eka cAdara para DAlI jAtI hai aura darzakagaNa ina paraaAiyoM ko dekhate haiN| bhAratavarSa meM bhI prAcIna samaya meM isI prakAra kaThaputaliyoM ke chAyAcitra dikhAe jAte the| tamAze ke sAtha jAvA kA saMgIta bhI hotA rahatA hai jise gebhilana kahate haiN| ye kaThaputaliyA~ bhAratIya mahAkAvyoM ke nAyakoM ko hI sUcita karatI haiN| bahuta kAla ke rivAja se ina saba kaThaputaliyoM ke prAkAra, sUrata zakala, raMga tathA jevara maryAdita ho gae haiN| koI 1000 varSa pahale vAyAMga ke khela jAvA meM itane pracalita the ki kavigaNa ina chAyAcitroM kA alaMkAroM meM prayoga kiyA karate the aura darzaka loga ina abhinayoM ko bar3o ruci ke sAtha dekhate aura samajhate the / 16vIM zatAbdI ke prAraMbha meM Sir Stamfford Raffles ne "vAyAMga" ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra likhA thA-isa prakAra ke dRzyoM se, jinakA jAtIya gAthAoM se saMbaMdha ho, jo utsukatA tathA joza logoM meM utpanna hotA thA usakA anumAna karanA bhI kaThina hai| darzakagaNa rAta bhara baiThe baiThe bar3e hArdika harSa tathA ekAgra citta se ina gAthAoM ko sunA karate the| prAjakakha bhI vizeSa maukoM para gRhastho meM vAyAMga kA honA atyaMta Avazyaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki isa lIlA kA jAvA meM kitanA mArI mAna aba taka hai| jisa samaya hiMdU loga jAvA meM Ae, ve apane dharma-graMtha apane sAtha laae| inameM se mahAbhArata sabase zIghra adhika

Page #23
156 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA lokapriya huaa| usake aThAraha parvo ke AdhAra para zIghra hI nATakoM kI racanA ho gii| inameM se katipaya graMtha, jo gadya meM mahArAjA aralaMgA ( Erlangga) ke kAla arthAt 11vIM zatAbdo meM likhe gae the, hAla hI meM mile haiM aura hAlaiMDa ke Daca vidvAnoM ne unako prakAzita bhI kara diyA hai| malAyA sAhitya : meM ina uddhRta prasaMgoM ko "hikAyAta pAMDavA lImA" kahate haiN| kedirI ( Kediri ) ke rAjA jayabAya ke kAla meM usake rAjakavi penulUha ( Penoolooh ) ne bhI mahAbhArata ke katipaya aMzoM kA gadyAtmaka ulthA prAcIna jAvA kI bhASA arthAt "kavI" ( Kavi poetry ) padya meM kiyA thaa| yaha graMtha 'bhArata yuddha' mAdhunika jAvI bhASA meM ( Brata yuda) vratayuda kahAtA hai| mahAbhArata kI kathAoM kA itanA gaharA prabhAva jAvA-nivAsiyoM para par3A ki mahAbhArata ke pAtroM tathA sthAnoM ko ve loga apane deza ke hI mAnane lage aura unakA yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki mahAbhArata kA yuddha jAvA meM hI huA thA aura jAvA ke rAjA loga prAcIna pAMDava tathA yAdava vaMzoM se hI apano utpatti batalAne lge| kiMtu isa ghaTanA ke sAtha sAtha prAraMbha se hI purAne jAvA, malAyA aura polinIziyA kI paurANika kathAe~ bhAratIya kathAoM ke sAtha milane lgii| ataeva musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa tathA zAsana ke pahale yuga meM arthAt san 1500 I0 1758 taka, bar3I vidhvaMsakArI khar3AiyoM ke kAraNa prAcIna hiMdU rIti tathA maryAdA kucha pIche par3a gii| san 1750 ke bAda jAvA kA "punarujjIvana" huA aura taba se vahA~ ke prAcIna hiMdU sAhitya kA punarutthAna karane ke liye bar3A

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 157 : prayatna zarU humaa| paraMtu "kavI" arthAt jAvA kI purAnI bhASA isa samaya pUrI taraha nahIM par3hI jAtI thii| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki isa samaya jo graMtha likhe gae unameM bar3I vicitra vicitra azuddhiyA~ ghusa gaI, yadyapi ye saba pustakeM purAne graMthoM ke AdhAra para hI likhI gaI thoM jo 18vIM zatAbdI meM jAvA meM milate the| aMta meM ina tamAzA karanevAloM ne (arthAt dAlaMgoM ne ) svayaM bhI kucha parivartana kara die; kyoMki ve apane kheloM ko adhika rucikara tathA priya banAne ke liye purAnI kathAoM kI paristhiti ko samayAnukUla banAte jAte the| ___ tamAzA karate samaya "dAlaMga," "lAkona" ( Lakons) meM dekhatA jAtA hai jisase bhUla na jAya / ye lAkona choTe choTe nATaka hote haiN| dAlaMga kucha naI bAteM turaMta bhI gar3ha detA hai jisase zrotAoM kI manastuSTi ho| ina saMkSipta nATakoM ke atirikta bar3I bar3I pustakeM bhI hotI haiN| ina nATakoM ko 4 vargoM meM rakhA gayA haiN| devatAoM, rAkSasoM tathA vIroM kI utpatti kI kathAe~, jo mahAbhArata ke prAdiparva se lI gaI haiM, ina kathAoM meM mAlaya-polinezI gAthAoM kA kAphI milAva hai| aMtima kiMtu sabase adhika mahattva-pUrNa kathAsamaha kA viSaya hai pAMDavoM tathA kauravoM kI kthaaeN| mahAbhArata ke AdhAra para racita aise lAkona koI 150 hoMge jinameM se pATha meM pAMDavoM ke pUrvajo kA varNana hai| mahAbhArata meM to pAMDavoM kA deza nikAlA tathA paryaTana "jatugRha" ghaTanA ke bAda zurU hotA hai / taba iMdraprastha meM yudhiSThira kA rAjyAbhiSeka hotA hai| isake pIche caupar3a khelane kI ghaTanA hotI hai aura pAMDava phira vanavAsa ko jAte

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158 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA haiM aura 'virATa' rAjA ke yahA~ veSa badalakara rahate haiN| pAMDavoM ke phira se prakaTa hone ke bAda kurukSetra meM yuddha prAraMbha hotA hai| jAvA kI kathAe~ isase kucha bhinna haiN| inake anusAra caupar3a jatugRha meM hI khelI gaI, aura khela ke bIca meM pAMDavoM ko viSailA jala pIne ko diyA jAtA hai jisase bhIma ( Braha Sen in Javanese ) ke sivA saba behoza ho jAte haiM aura bhIma unako jalate hue makAna se bAhara lAtA hai| taba dUra dUra ghUmane ke bAda pAMDava loga virATa nAma ke deza meM pahu~cate haiN| aMta meM jaba ve apanA saccA svarUpa virATa ke rAjA matsyapati ko batalAte haiM taba vaha unheM iMdraprastha (Ngamarta) kA rAjya bheMTa karatA hai| draupadI kA svayaMvara isI samaya hotA hai| ___ isI bIca meM duryodhana ( Sujudana ) kI zakti hastinApura (Nagastina) meM bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai| vaha pAMDavoM ko unakI rAjadhAnI se nikAla detA hai| ve phira virATa deza ke rAjA matsyapati kI zaraNa lete haiN| kRSNa ko bhI apanI rAjadhAnI dvArakA ( Dvaravati ) chor3anI par3atI hai| tadanaMtara bhArata yuddha (Brata yuda) prAraMbha hotA hai| jAvA-nivAsiyoM ko arjuna sabase adhika priya haiN| kama se kama 50 nATakoM meM vaha mukhya pAtra kA sthAna prahaNa karatA hai, kiMtu apane jIvana ke zurU meM vaha apane pratidvaMdvI pAlgU nAdI ( Palga Nadi ) ko eka ghRNita SaDyaMtra dvArA maravA detA hai| yaha pAlgU nAdI bhI droNAcArya kA eka ziSya thaa| anya lAkonoM meM arjuna kA subhadrA se prema bar3hAnA aura anya pratidvaMdviyoM se lar3anA ityAdi varNita

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vizAla bhArata ke itihAsa para sthUla dRSTi 156 haiN| usakI anya jIvana-ghaTanAe~ tathA nAma bhI aneka haiN| kisI kisI noTaka (lAkona) meM sikaMDI ko arjuna kI eka stro dikhalAyA gayA hai| usake do beToM kA vivAha kRSNa kI do putriyoM ke sAtha huA hai / aura arjuna kI putro sugAtavatI kA vivAha kRSNa ke putra saMbA ke sAtha huA hai| arjuna aura kRSNa ke ye tathA anya vaMzaja hI jAvA ke katipaya rAjavaMzoM ke saMsthApaka mAne jAte haiN| yudhiSThira ( Punt-Deva ), vRkodara (Werekodara), bhIma ( Brat Sena ), devI prariMbI ( Dewi Arimbi ) aura usakA beTA ghaTotkaca, duryodhana (jo dazamukhAvatAra hai) (Sujudana) ye saba nAma jAvA ke musalamAna logoM meM khUba pracalita haiN| aise rivAja bhI par3a gae haiM jinake anusAra gRhasthoM meM vizeSa vizeSa avasaroM para khele jAne ke liye vizeSa vizeSa prakAra ke "lAkona' arthAt nATaka nizcita haiN|' (1) "mADarna rinyU" ke disaMbara san 26 ke aMka se DA0 vijanarAja caTarjI ke "The Mahabharata and the Wayang in Java" nAmaka lekha ke mAdhAra para /

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Page #28
(7) jayamalla aura phattA (pattA) kI pratimAeM [lekhaka-ThAkura caturasiMha, mevAr3a ] zrI sadguruzaraNa avasthI bI0 e0 nAmaka vidvAn ne bhAratavarSa kI suprasiddha mAsika patrikA "prabhA' (1 julAI san 1624 ke aMka ) meM nepAla rAjya kI bhaugolika sthiti kA saMkSipta paraMtu bar3A hI suMdara vRttAMta likhA hai, aura prasiddha prasiddha sthAnoM ke aneka phoTo dekara usa lekha kI aura bhI manoharatA bar3hA dI hai| ukta lekha apane bhramaNa meM netroM se dekhakA lekhA hai, yA kisI pustaka Adi se, isa bAta kA Apane ullekha kahIM nahIM kiyA, paraMtu pUrvApara vicAra se yAtrA meM saba dRzya dekhakara hI likhA gayA pratIta hotA hai| lekha saba prakAra se hRdayagrAhI hone para bhI itihAsa-vidyA se anabhijJa sAdhAraNa manuSyoM ke kathana para vizvAsa kara lene se kucha bhUleM bhI ho gaI haiN| jaise pRSTha 31 meM lalitapaTTana nagara kA basAnevAlA rAjA bIradeva likhA gayA hai, paraMtu itihAsa meM isakA nirmAtA prasiddha mahArAja prazoka priyadarzI ( Isvo sa0 se 272 se 232 varSa pUrva) mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra pRSTha 36 meM mApa likhate haiM ki "nepAla meM mukhya cAra saMvat haiM ( 1 vikrama, 2 zAlivAhana, 3 naipAlI aura 4 kAlIgA~va saMvat ) / yaha (kAlIgA~va) saMvat saba se prAcIna hai, naipAla ke itihAsoM meM isakA prayoga kahIM kahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA prAraMbha IsA se 3101 varSa pahale se hai|" kAlIgA~va saMvat bhI bhrama se likhA gayA hogA, kyoMki ukta nAma kA saMvat kahIM sunane meM nahIM aayaa| vAstava meM isakA 21

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162 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA nAma kAlIgA~va nahIM kiMtu kaliyuga saMvat honA cAhie / usakA prAraMbha bhI IsA se ThIka utane hI varSa (3101) pUrva samasta bhAratavarSa meM mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra tIsarI bhUla jayamalla phattA ke saMbaMdha meM kI gaI hai, aura yahI mere lekha kA mukhya abhiprAya hai| prabhA ke pRSTha 31-32 meM avasthIjI likhate haiM ki "tIsarA nagara bhATagA~va kAThamAMDU se 6 mIla hai, isa nagara kI sthiti rAjA anaMgamala (I0 sa0 865) ke samaya se hai......yahA~ kI jana-saMkhyA 30000 hai, isake madhya meM jayamAla aura phaTTA kI do choTI choTI pratimAe~ haiN| ye dono nepAlI puruSa bar3e vIra the| yahA~ para (bhATagAMva meM) aura bhI kaI eka devapratimAe~ haiM"......kta bhUla kA bhI itihAsa se aparicita kisI manuSya ke kathana se honA saMbhava hai| usane ajJAna se donoM ko naipAlI vIra kaha diyA hogA, aura avasthI mahAzaya ne vaisA hI nATa kara liyA hogA, kyoMki jayamAla phaTTA kA nAma taka naipAla ke itihAsa meM nahIM miltaa| ukta donoM mUrtiyA~ nepAla ke vIroM kI nahIM, kiMtu rAjapUtAnA ke itihAsaprasiddha jayamala aura phattA ( pattA) kI honI caahieN| aba rahI nAmoM ke uccAraNa kI azuddhi, isameM aisA anumAna hotA hai ki ukta avasthIjI ne saba dRzyoM ke sAtha mUrtiyoM ke noTa bhI a~garejI akSaroM meM likhe hoMge, paraMtu a~garejI lipi kI apUrNatA se jayamala aura jayamAla donoM zabda eka hI prakAra ke akSaroM meM likhe tathA par3he jAte haiM, jisase jayamala kA jayamAla par3hA gayA ho| isI prakAra a~garejI akSaroM meM 'ta' kA abhAva hone se usake sthAna meM 'Ta' akSara sadA likhA aura bolA jAtA hai|

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jayama aura phattA kI pratimAe~ 163 isI kAraNa noTa-buka meM phattA kA phaTTA likhA hogaa| phira smaraNa na rahane se vahI azuddha nAma lekha meM likhanA par3A ho| paraMtu vAstava meM donoM pratimAe~ cittaur3a ke rakSArtha samrATa akabara se ghora yuddha karake vIra gati pAnevAle itihAsa-prasiddha yoddhA rAva jayamalla rAThaur3a aura rAvata phattA ( pattA ) sIso. diyA kI hI honI caahieN| avasthIjI ne usa lekha meM rAjAmalla Adi kI kucha prAcIna pratimAoM ke phoTo bhI die haiN| paraMtu jayamalla phattA kI mUrtiyoM ke citra nahIM die| yadi unakA bhI citra dete to mere kathana kI puSTi ho jAto, kyoMki ve mUrtiyA~ kisI anubhavI mUrtikAra kI banAI huI hoMgI to nepAla ke viruddha ukta mUrtiyoM ke vastra, zastra, vezabhUSA, bhAvabhaMgI Adi saba rAjapUtAnA ke hone saMbhava haiN| vijJa pAThakoM ko eka bar3I zaMkA aura ho sakatI hai ki cittaur3a ke vIroM kI martiyA~ nepAla jaise dUra deza meM kyoM banAI gii| isakA bhI kucha vistRta samAdhAna merI alpa buddhi ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai| samrATa akabara bar3A hI guNagrAhI, nIti-kuzala, vIra, buddhimAn tathA vIroM kA prAdara karanevAlA thaa| yadyapi jayamala aura phattA usake vipakSI the aura yuddha meM apAra jana tathA dhana kA vinAza kara cuke the, to bhI bAdazAha ukta donoM vIroM kI svAmibhakti aura vIratA para aisA mugdha ho gayA ki apanI rAjadhAnI AgarA meM pahu~cate hI usane bar3e vizAla zveta pASANa ( saMgamaramara ) ke do hAthI banavAe aura unake Upara jayamala tathA phattA kI pUrNAkAra pratimAe~ baiThAkara rAjadhAnI (AgarA) ke kile ke dvAra para sthApita kI gaI, aura unakI prazaMsA ke liye isI bhAva kA rAjasthAnI

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164 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bhASA kA eka dohA pASANa para khudavAkara donoM gajArUr3ha pratimAoM ke madhya meM dvAra ke Upara lagavAyA gayA / vaha dohA isa prakAra hai-- dohA jayamala bar3atA~ jImaNe phatto bAveM pAza / hiMdU car3hiyA hAthiyA~ aDiyo jaza prAkAza / / isa dohe kA bhAvArtha isa prakAra hai ki "bAhara se dvAra meM praveza karate samaya dAhinI ora jayamalla kI pratimA aura vAma pArzva meM phattA kI mUrti hai; ye donoM hiMdU vIra hAthiyoM para car3he hue haiM aura ina vIroM kA suyaza (pRthvI se bhI Age) AkAza ko sparza kara cukA hai|" rAjA bIrabala Adi vidvAnoM kI satsaMgati se bAdazAha bhI hiMdI kavitA karatA thA, jisako kaI purAtattvavettA svIkAra karate haiM, phira dohe meM hiMdU zabda rakhane se yaha kisI musalamAna kI racanA pAI jAtI hai| isaliye kaI vidvAna uparyukta dohe ko svayaM bAdazAha kI racanA mAnate haiN| jo kucha ho, paraMtu bAdazAha ne apane pratipakSI vIroM kI pratimAe~ banavAkara anukaraNIya guNagrAhakatA kA paricaya diyA thaa| akabara bar3A dUradarzI aura rAjanItivizArada thA, isaliye ukta kArya meM rAjanaitika yukti bhI thI jisase rAjabhakta vIroM kA utsAha bar3he kyoMki mevAr3a ke atirikta AryAvarta ke samasta narezoM kA pAvAgamana sadA rAjadhAnI mAgare meM hotA rahatA thA, unake citta para apanI udAra guNagrAhakatA kA prabhAva aMkita karane ke nimitta bhI ukta vIrotejaka kArya kiyA gayA hogA, kyoMki ve loga pratidina una vIra-pratimAoM ko dekhakara vicArate hoMge ki jina puruSoM

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jayamalla aura phattA kI pratimAe~ 165 ne bAdazAhI anaMta dravya aura senA kA saMhAra kiyA hai, una vipakSiyoM kI kevala vIratA tathA dezabhakti para prasanna hokara itanA bar3A sammAna kiyA gayA hai,to hama loga jaba sAmrAjya kI niSkapaTa sevA kareMge, tathA usake nimitta prANa deMge taba hamArA aura hamArI saMtAna kA atyaMta prAdara hogaa| kSatriya narezoM kA ukta pratimAoM ke prabhAva se prabhAvita hone kA eka aitihAsika pramANa bhI milatA hai| vaha isa prakAra hai ki-cittaur3a ke durga-rakSaka jisa prakAra jayamalla aura phattA the usI prakAra prasiddha raNathaMbhora durga kA nAyaka zrImAn mahArANA udayasiMhajI kI ora se bUMdI kA mahA sAmaMta rAva surjana hAr3A thaa| cittaur3a-vijaya ke uparAMta hI akabara ne raNathaMbhaura para AkramaNa kiyA, taba ukta hAr3A rAva ne bAdazAha ke pralobhana dene se mahArANA se vizvAsaghAta karake durga samrAT ke arpaNa kara diyA aura svayaM bhI mahArANA ko tyAgakara bAdazAhI sevaka ho gyaa| isa bAta para jodhapura ke mahArAjA yazavaMtasiMha (prathama) kA pradhAna maMtrI suprasiddha itihAsavettA mUNota naiNasI mahatA. apanI khyAta ( racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1705 se 1725 taka ) meM akabara kI vIrocita guNagrAhakatA tathA jayamalla phattA kI dRr3ha rAjabhakti aura svAmI-drohI bUMdI ke rAva surjana kA vizvAsaghAta dikhAne ke uddeza se likhatA hai ki "cittaur3a ke rakSArtha apane priya prANa denevAle rAva jayamalla rAThaur3a aura rAvata phattA sIsodiyA kI to bAdazAha ne hAthiyoM para car3hI mUrtiyA~ banavAkara rAjadvAra para khar3I karAI. paraMtu svAmI-drohI rAva surjana kI eka kutte kI mUrti banavAkara usI sthAna para rakhavA dI, jisase vaha bar3A lajjita tathA marmAhata

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nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA huA aura putra ko apanA rAjapATa dekara kAzIvAsa ko calA gayA aura AmaraNa lauTA nhiiN|" (naiNasI kI khyAta aprakAzita patrA 27 pRSTha 2) uparyukta isI eka udAharaNa se pAThakoM ko vidita ho sakatA hai ki jayamalla aura phattA kI mUrtiyoM kA bhArata kI janatA para kaisA bhinna bhinna prakAra kA prabhAva par3atA rahA hogaa| sArAMza aisI hI vilakSaNa rAjanItika yuktiyoM se kSatriya narezoM ko svavaza meM karake akabara bhArata samrATa tathA jagadguru ke pada ko pahuMcA thaa| samrATa akabara dvArA sthApita vIravara jayamalla aura phattA kI donoM gajArUr3ha pratimAe~ 102 varSa paryaMta rAjadhAnI prAgaraM ke rAjadvAra kI zobhA bar3hAtI rahI, jisakA vRttAMta kaI phArasI itihAsoM meM likhA milatA hai| bAdazAha zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM iMglaiMDa se pAnevAle prasiddha yAtrI 'barniyara' ne apanI yAtrApustaka meM ukta pratimAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isI prakAra zAhajahA~ aura AlamagIra kA samakAlIna jodhapura kA mukhya maMtro mUNota naiNasI mahatA bhI apanI khyAta meM uparyukta mUrtiyoM kA ullekha karatA hai| AlamagIra ke itihAsa se vidita hotA hai ki aMta meM jayamalla aura phattA ke vIra smArakoM ( mUrtiyoM ) ko vi0 saM0 1726 meM dharmadveSo bAdazAha AlamagIra ne vinaSTa karavAkara apanI duSTa prakRti kA paricaya diyA aura sAtha hI akabara kI sunIti ko dhvaMsa karake apane sAmrAjya ke vinAza kA bIja bo diyaa| naipAla jaise dUra deza meM jayamaca aura phattA kI mUrtiyA~ milane kA mukhya kAraNa aba pAThako kI samajha meM A sakatA hai ki jaba gorakhA kSatriyoM kA rAjya nepAla para humA aura unhoMne bAdazAha akabara dvArA ukta

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jayamala aura phattA kI pratimAe~ 167 pratimAoM ke Agare meM sthApita hone kA vRttAMta sunA hogA, taba nepAla-nareza ne usakA anukaraNa kiyA hogA, kyoMki gorakhA logoM kI utpatti cittaur3a nagara, aura sIsodiyA rAjapUtoM se huI hai| jaba ki bAdazAha akabara ne zatru hokara bhI ukta vIroM kA itanA bar3A sammAna kiyA thA, taba naipAla ke mahArAja apane pUrvajoM kI rAjadhAnI cittaur3a ke rakSArtha prANa denevAle puruSoM kI mUrtiyA~ banAveM, isameM kauna sI Azcarya kI bAta hai ? ina pratimAnoM ke astitva se bhAratIya itihAsavettA aparicita the| paraMtu aba zrI sadguruzaraNa avasthI bI0 e0 kI zoSa kA aspaSTa saMketa milane se ve prasiddhi meM AI haiN| navIna zodha dvArA dUra deza nepAla meM jayamala aura phattA kI mUrtiyA~ prasiddhi meM prAI, isaliye ukta vIroM kA prasaMgavaza prati saMkSipta paricaya mAtra denA bhI Thoka hogaa| maMDovara ke sthAna meM rAjadhAnI jodhapura ( vi0 saM0 1515 meM ) niyata karanevAle rAva jodhA rAThaur3a ke caturtha rAjakumAra rAva dUdA ne vi0 saM0 1518 meM meDatA nagara meM aura paMcama kumAra rAva bIkA ne vi0 saM0 1522 meM bIkAnera meM svataMtra rAjya sthApana kie the| rAva dUdA ke pAtra aura rAva bIramadeva ke putra rAva jayamalla mer3atA rAjya ke svAdhIna adhipati the| jodhapura ke prasiddha rAva mAladeva se aneka ghora saMgrAmoM ke uparAMta jaba rAjadhAnI mer3atA para bAdazAha akabara kA adhikAra ho gayA, taba rAva jayamalla vaivAhika saMbaMdha ke kAraNa cittaur3a cale Ae, kyoMki inake cacA ratnasiMha kI putrI bhArata-vikhyAta mIrAbAI kA vivAha zrAmanmahArANyA sA~gA (saMgrAmasiMha) ke jyeSTha yuvarAja bhojarAja se huA thaa| tatkAlIna medapATezvara mahArANA udaya.

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nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA siMha ne cittaur3a ke sthAna meM rAjadhAnI udayapura (vi0 saM0 1616 meM ) basAnA prAraMbha kiyA thaa| isaliye ukta zrImAnoM kA adhikatara nivAsa udayapura meM hI hotA thaa| ataH rAva jayamalla ko 300 grAmoM sahita badanaura kA paraganA pradAna karake cittaur3a kA durgAdhIza banAyA gayA jahA~ para ve cAra varSa paryata apanA kartavya pAlana karate rhe| rAva jayamalla ke vaMzaja prAja bhI sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM mAravAr3a tathA mevAr3a meM lAkhoM mudrA vArSika Aya kI bhUmi para adhikAra rakhate haiN| isa lekha ke lekhaka ko bhI rAva jayamalla kA eka tudra vaMzaja hone kA abhimAna prApta hai| dvitIya yoddhA rAvata phattA, mevAr3a ke mahArANA lAkhA ke jyeSTha rAjakumAra suprasiddha rAvata cUMDA ( inhoMne pitRbhakti se rAjarSi bhISma kA anukaraNa karake cittaur3a kA rAjasiMhAsana apane vaimAtRja kaniSTha bhAI ko de diyA thaa|) ke vaMzaja rAvata jaggA ke putra the| unakI saMtAna bhI prAmeTa Adi kaI pratiSThita ThikAnoM para adhikAra rakhatI hai| jaba samrATa akabara ne vizAla vAhinI sahita cittaur3a para AkramaNa kiyA taba rAva jayamalla phattA prAdi vIra chaH mAsa se adhika kAla taka ghora saMgrAma karate rahe aura aneka pralobhana dene para bhI svadharma tathA rAjabhakti para acala rhe| isa jagatprasiddha samara kA varNana aneka itihAsoM meM savistara likhA hone se yahIM para lekhanI ko vizrAma detA huuN|

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(8) auraMgajeba kA "hitopadeza' [ lekhaka-paMDita lajArAma mehatA, baMdI ] mere bhAnaje paMDita rAmajIvana jI nAgara hiMdI ke una sulekhakoM meM se haiM jo kAma karake apanA nAma prakAzita karane kA Dhola nahIM pITanA caahte| unake yahA~ unake pUrvajoM kI saMgRhIta aneka pustakoM meM se eka bar3hiyA pustaka, jise pustaka-ratna kahA jA sakatA hai, prApta huI hai| rAjapUtAnA aura madhya bhArata ke rajavAr3oM meM yadi pustake khojane kA kArya nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA dvArA kiyA jAtA to aba taka na mAlUma aise aise kitane graMtha-ratna prApta ho sakate the| isa pothI kA nAma "hita-upadeza" hai / pustaka kA prAraMbha karane se pUrva eka pRSTha para brahmAjI kA aura dUsare para viSNu, lakSmI athavA kRSNarAdhikA kA citra hai| citroM meM aneka raMga haiM aura ve bar3hiyA haiN| kalama bhI bahuta bArIka hai kiMtu purAnI citrakArI meM bhAvoM kA prAyaH prabhAva hotA thA usI taraha inameM bhI patA nahIM hai| isa "hita-upadeza" kI pRSTha-saMkhyA 26 hai aura pratyeka pRSTha meM ginI huI sAta sAta paMktiyA~ haiM, na nyUna aura na adhik| lipi itanI bArIka hai ki jise par3hane meM zAyada ainaka na lagAnevAle vyakti ko bhI cazme kI zaraNa lenI pdd'e| itanI bArIka bhI nahIM hai ki jisake liye "AI glAsa" kI sahAyatA apekSita ho / lipi bahuta bar3hiyA aura kisI aise vyakti kI likhI huI hai jisake liye kahA jA sakatA hai ki akSara 22

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170 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bahuta jame hue the| pratyeka patra kI laMbAI 3 iMca aura caur3AI 2 / hone para bhI hAziyA adhika chor3akara jitane bhAga meM dohe likhe gae haiM usakA nApa laMbA 2 // iMca aura caur3o 1 iMca rakkhI gaI hai| lipi kI bArIkI kA isI se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki itane se kSetraphala meM 3 // dohoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| akSaroM kI mor3a se anumAna hotA hai ki lekhaka koI rAmasnehI sAdhu thaa| jilda isa pothI kI, * jise sAija ke lihAja se guTakA kahA jAtA hai, purAne DhaMga kI bahuta bar3hiyA kiMtu TUTI huI hai| puTThA sApha, kar3A aura samAna hai| itanI saphAI hai jitanI Ajakala kala ke bane hue vilAyatI puTThoM meM nahIM pA sktii| isa pustaka ke do patra kho gae haiN| eka 21 kA aura dUsarA "itio' ke bAda kaa| ikkIsavA~ patra kho jAne se dohe 114 se 120 taka kA abhAva hai aura aMtima patra naSTa ho jAne kA phala yaha huA hai ki "itizrI" ke bAdavAle dUsare dohe ke aMtima bhAga meM "aura saMta ke rIti ko pAvai sahaja samA..."ke bAda "ja" kA abhAva hai| kauna kaha sakatA hai ki isake bAda kitane dohe the| saMbhava hai ki usa jagaha lekhaka kA nAma aura pustaka likhane kI tithi tathA saMvat likhA ho| pustaka kahIM kahIM azuddha avazya hai kiMtu aisI prazuddha nahIM jo thor3A vicAra karane se zuddha na ho ske| pustaka ke aMta meM 155 se 163 taka ke 13 dohoM meM pustaka-racanA kA kucha itihAsa bhI diyA gayA hai "bAdazAha jo hiMda ko prAlima AlamagIra / buddhivaMta sarvajJa jo dayAvAna matidhIra // 1 //

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auraMgajeba kA "hitopadeza" tina ye bAteM samujhi ke nija vicAra meM lyAya / hita upadezahi jAni ke sabako daI likhAya // 2 // so ye bAteM zravana kai zrImat zaMkara paMta / sevaka se AjJA daI yAhi prakAse aMta // 3 // narapati bhAkhA yAminI mA~jha kahI ye bAta ! tAkI brajabhASA karI jAmeM artha lakhAta // 4 // alpabuddhi teM graMtha ko dohA-baddha banAya / tAke bhAva padArtha ko dInhoM prakaTa dikhAya // 5 // jo koDa jJAnI saMta jana yAkoM par3heM vicAra | caleM mahAjana paMtha koM jaI hoya saMsAra || 6 || tAkI kIrati jagata meM gAveM sabahI vAka (?) / dehapAta ke hota ho pAvaiM subha paraloka // 7 // syAmadAsa yA rIti te, samujhi caleM jo saMta / pAvai nija puruSArtha te rAmacarana eka ATha au cAra ke Age so saMvat yaha jAnie ganikai kara mAgha mAsa aura sisira Rtu, makara rAsa bhe bhAna / tithi vasaMta kI paMcamI vAsara khAma (1) pramAna // 10 // vana caritra jaha~ rAma ne vadhI tArikA nAra / kInhI jAkI pUrnatA visvAmitra sa~vAra // 11 // so gaMgA ke taTa vise bakasara gA~va suhAya / rAmarekha tIratha jahA~ prati punIta darasAya // 12 // tahA~ graMtha kI pUrtatA sahaja bhaI niradhAra | guru hari sevaka saMta je aMta kareM vicAra // 13 // 1 C 4 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ko aMta // 8 // vedahi jAna / 4 paramAna // 6 // 171 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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172 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA dohoM kI azuddhi jyoM kI tyoM rakhane se hI dasaveM dohe meM "soma" kA "sAma" likhanA par3A hai| sAtaveM dohe ke aMta kA "voka" vicAraNIya hai| saMbhava hai ki yahA~ "loka, pATha zuddha ho| artha spaSTa hai| pustaka par3hane se yaha nahIM jAnA jAtA ki yaha zaMkara paMta kauna mahAzaya the| paMta zabda kA marAThI bhASA meM artha guru hai| saMbhava hai ki yaha dAkSiNAtya brAhmaNa hoM athavA himAlaya prAMta meM bhI brAhmaNa varNa meM kitane hI nAmoM ke sAtha isa zabda kA prayoga hote dekhA gayA hai| kucha bhI ho, adhika saMbhAvanA isa bAta kI hai ki zaMkara paMta mahAzaya bAdazAha auraMgajeba ke darabAriyoM meM the| bAdazAha ke mukha se ye upadeza unhoMne sune aura unhoMne lekhaka kograMthakartA ko-prAjJA dii| bAdazAha kI yAminI bhASA se avazya hI matalaba phArasI se honA caahie| zAhajahA~ ke lazakara se janma grahaNa kara urdU usa samaya taka isa darje taka nahIM pahuMcI thI jo, auraMgajeba jaise kaTTara bAdazAha ke bolacAla kI bhASA hone kA gaurava prApta kara sake / purAne kAgajAta meM bAdazAha ke pharmAna aura svarIte kI bhASA phArasI dekhI jAtI hai isaliye mAna lenA cAhie ki vaha phArasI meM hI bAtacIta karate karAte the| zaMkara paMta bhI phArasI kA aura ina prAMtoM kI usa samaya kI bhASA kA acchA vidvAna honA cAhie, tabhI vaha bAdazAha ke upadezoM ko samajhakara graMthakartA ko sunA sakA aura usI ke AdhAra para isa pothI kI racanA huii| isa pustaka ke racayitA zyAmadAsajI, jinhoMne bakasara meM baiThakara graMtha nirmANa kiyA, kauna the ? yaha eka prazna hai /

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auraMgajeba kA "hitopadeza" 173 graMthakartA ne pustaka kI itizrI ke Age eka dohA aura diyA hai jisameM likhA hai ki-"syAmadAsa nita nema te hita upadezahi joya"-isase anumAna hotA hai ki isake racayitA zyAmadAsa the| zAyada lekhaka aura racayitA eka hI ho / aMta kA patra jaba aprApya hai taba nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki usameM zyAmadAsa athavAzaMkara paMta saMbaMdhI kitanA itihAsa likhA thaa| ina bAtoM kA patA lagAnA itihAsa ke khojiyoM kA kAma hai| saMvat 1844 spaSTa hai| "aMkAnAM vAmato gati:" ke niyama kA yahA~ pAlana nahIM ho sktaa| "rAmarekha" tIrtha bhI talAzakara prakAza DAlane yogya hai| kisI bihArI sajjana ke dhyAna dene se zAyada "rAmarekha" ke saMbaMdha se zyAmadAsa kA bhI patA laga jAya kyoMki ghaTanA adhika purAnI nahIM hai| bAdazAha auraMgajeba hiMdU saMskRti kA kaTTara zatru thaa| yadi usakI calatI to sAre hiMdustAna ko musalamAnistAna banA ddaaltaa| usake kAle kAranAme bhAratavarSa ke itihAsa ko sadiyoM taka kalaMkita karate rheNge| paraMtu jisameM utkRSTa doSa hote haiM usameM kabhI kabhI guNa bhI utkRSTa huA karate haiN| "zatrorapi guNA vAcyA, doSA vAcyA gurorapi"-isa lokokti ke anusAra hameM usake guNoM ko avazya grahaNa karanA cAhie / yadi isa pothI kI racanA ke anusAra ye dohe usI ke upadezoM ke AdhAra para race gae ho to vaha vAstava meM bahuta hI guNavAn thaa| isake eka eka dohe ke pariNAma para dRSTipAta karane se vaha lAkha lAkha rupae meM bhI sastA hai| isameM dharma hai, rAjanIti hai aura lokAcAra hai| aura jo kucha hai vaha yAvanI kaTTarapana ko chor3akara sAMpradAyika bAtoM se bilakula

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174 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA alaga hai| saMbhava hai ki racayitA ne zAhI upadezoM kA prAzraya lekara ise hiMdUpana ke DhA~ce meM DhAla diyA ho| kucha bhI ho, pustaka bar3hiyA hai| ____ isameM do bAteM, tIna bAteM,-isa taraha cAra, pA~ca, chaH, sAta, pATha, nau aura dasa bAteM-aise zIrSaka se dikhalAyA hai ki kauna bAteM grAhya aura kauna kauna tyAjya haiN| namUne ke liye "do bAta" zIrSaka ke cAra dohe yahA~ de denA kAphI hogA "doya vastu teM jagata meM ati uttama kachu nAhiM / nizcaya Izvara bhAva pai (meM) dayA jIva ke ThAhiM (maahiN)||1|| dvai bAtana teM. adhama nara nAhIM jagat prasiddhi / ahaMkAra bhagavAna te jana apakArI buddhi // 2 // doya vastu ye jAnie bahuta burI jaga bIca / kRta niMdakatA yeka (eka) aura dUje saMgati nIca // 3 // doya vastu ye mUr3hatA jAnau nizcai citta / sevA duSTana kI karai aura stuti apanI (stutI prApanI) nitt||4|| ina dohoM meM brekeTa ke bhItara jo zabda haiM ve mere haiN| mUla pATha jyoM kA tyoM rakhakara zuddha karane ke liye apane zabda koSThaka meM die gae haiN| kavitA tukabaMdI hai| haMDe meM se eka cAvala nikAlakara namUnA dekha liyA jAtA hai| isa taraha isakI kavitA cAhe sAdhAraNa hI kyoM na ho kiMtu isameM kiMcit bhI saMdeha nahIM ki isakA eka eka upadeza lAbha uThAnevAle ke liye lAkho rupae kI lAgata kA ho sakatA hai| "patrikA' ke itihAsa-premI sAhitya-rasika

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auraMgajeba kA "hitopadeza' 175 vidvAnoM kI kRpA se yadi isakA ghaTatA pATha pUrNa hokara pustaka zuddha ho sake to merI Ayu ke aMtima varSoM meM isakA saMpAdana kara lekhanI kI sArthakatA ho| kRtakArya hone para maiM apane Apako dhanya samadUMgA aura jo mahAzaya mujha akiMcana ko isa kArya meM sahAyatA pradAna kareMge unake nAmI nAma pustaka ke sAtha prAdarapUrvaka prakAzita kie jaayNge| mujhe apane nAma se bhI matalaba nahIM, yadi kisI vidvAna ke pAsa yaha pothI ho to maiM isakI prati utaravAkara bheja sakatA huuN|

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se kucha (6 ) hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa [ lekhaka-zrI jagannAthaprasAda zarmA ema0 e0, kAzI] sAhitya kI bhASA kA nirmANa sadaiva bolacAla kI sAmAnya bhASA se hotA hai| braja kI bhASA kA jo rUpa sAhitya kI bhASA meM vyavahRta huA vaha bolacAla itivRtta se kucha bhinna thaa| yoM to prAMta prAMta kI boliyA~ vizeSa thoM; paraMtu vaha bolI jisane Aja hamArI sAhityika bhASA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai, dillI ke AsapAsa bolI jAtI thii| usa sthAna se kramazaH musalamAnoM ke vistAra ke sAtha vaha bolI bhI idhara udhara phailane lagI! kaI zatAbdiyoM ke uparAMta yahI samasta uttara bhArata kI ziSTa bhASA bana baiThI; aura yahI bhASA sudRr3ha aura vikasita hokara Aja khar3I bolI kahalAtI hai| ____ isa khar3I bolI kA patA kitane prAcIna kAla taka lagatA hai yaha prazna bar3I ulajhana kA hai| prAraMbha se hI cAraNa kaviyoM kA jhukAva zaurasenI athavA brajabhASA kI ora thA; ataH vIragAthA kAla ke samApta hote hote isane apanI vyApakatA aura apane sAmrAjya kA pUrNa vistAra kiyaa| kucha adhika samaya vyatIta na ho pAyA thA ki isa bhASA meM graMtha prAdi likhe jAne lge| para ina graMthoM kI bhASA vizuddha athavA parimArjita nahIM ho sakI thii| abhI sAhitya kI bhASA kA svarUpa aniyaMtrita evaM avyavasthita thaa| paraMtu yaha to 23

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178 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA nirvivAda hI hai ki cAraNa kaviyoM kI apekSA isa samaya kI bhASA bolacAla ke rUpa ko adhika grahaNa kara rahI thii| kabIra kI racanAoM meM bhASA kI ekAdhika prakAra kI khicar3I dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa 'khicar3I' meM eka bhAga khar3o bolI kA bhI hai| dhIre dhIre yaha bolI kevala bolacAla taka hI parimita raha gaI, aura vyApaka rUpa meM sAhitya kI bhASA avadhI tathA vrajabhASA nirdhArita huii| idhara sAhitya meM isa prakAra brajabhASA kA Adhipatya dRr3ha huA; aura udhara dillI tathA usake samIpavartI sthAnoM meM khar3I bolI kevala bolacAla hI ke kAma kI banakara rhii| paraMtu saMyoga pAkara bolacAla kI koI bhASA sAhitya kI bhASA bana sakatI hai-pahale usI meM grAmya gItoM kI sAmAnya racanA hotI hai| tatpazcAt vahI vikasita hote hote vyApaka rUpa dhAraNa kara sarvapriya ho jAtI hai| yahI avasthA isa khar3I bolI kI huii| jaba taka yaha parimita paridhi meM par3I rahI taba taka isameM grAmya gItoM aura anya prakAra kI sAdhAraNa racanAoM kA hI pracalana rahA; pustaka Adi likhane meM usakA Adara usa samaya na huaa| sArAMza yaha ki eka ora to parimArjita hokara brajabhASA sAhitya kI bhASA banI aura dUsarI aura yaha khar3I bolI apane janmasthAna ke AsapAsa na phevala bolacAla kI sAdhAraNa bhASA ke rUpa meM prayukta hotI rahI, varan isameM par3he-likhe musalamAnoM dvArA kucha padya-racanAe~ bhI hone lgii| khar3I bolI kA prAcInatama prAmANika rUpa hamako khusaro ' kI kavitA meM milatA hai| inakI racanA se jo bAta spaSTa prakaTa

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hiMdI kI gadya zailI kA vikAsa 17-8 hotI hai vahI isako pramANita karane ke liye yatheSTa hai ki unake pUrva bhI kucha isa prakAra kI racanAe~ thIM, jo sAdhAraNa janatA ke manovinoda ke liye likhI gaI hoMgI / astu; khusaro kI kavitA meM khar3I bolI kA rUpa bar3A hI suMdara dikhAI par3atA hai / -- eka kahAnI maiM kahU~, tU suna le mere pUta / bina paroM vaha ur3a gayA, bAMdha gale meM sUta // ( guDDI ) zyAma barana aura dA~ta aneka, lacakata jaisI nArI / donoM hAtha se khusaro khIMce, aura kahe tU zrArI // ( zrArI ) khusaro kI ye Upara uddhRta donoM paheliyA~ Ajakala kI khar3I bolI ke spaSTa anurUpa haiM / vastutaH ye jitanI prAcIna haiM utanI kadApi nahIM dikhAI par3atIM / 'kahU~', 'ur3a gayA', 'bA~dha', 'aura', 'jaisI', 'kahe', ityAdi rUpa isakI AdhunikatA kA dyotana karane ke pratyakSa sAkSo haiM / aisI avasthA meM yaha kahanA anucita na hogA ki khusaro ne khar3I bolI kI kavitA kA Adi rUpa sAmane upasthita kiyA hai / itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne yAdhunika khar3I bolI kI jar3a jamAI hai / musalamAnoM ke idhara udhara phailane para khar3I bolI apane janma-sthAna ke bAhara bhI ziSToM kI bhASA ho calI / khusaro ke bAda kabIra ne bhI isa bhASA ko apanAyA / unakA dhyeya janasAdhAraNa meM takhApadeza karanA thA; ata: usa samaya kI sAmAnya bhASA kA hI grahaNa samIcIna thA / kabIra ne yahI kiyA bhI / yoM to unakI bhASA khar3I bolI, avadhI, pUrabI ( bihArI )

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180 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA Adi kaI boliyoM kA mizraNa hai; paraMtu khar3I bolI kA puTa usameM sApha aura adhika jhalakatA hai| inakI bhASA meM pUrabI - pana kA pAyA jAnA svAbhAvika hai / inake pUrva koI sAhityika bhASA saMyata rUpa meM vyavasthita nahIM huI thii| abhI taka bhASA kA saMskAra nahIM ho pAyA thA / jisa mizrita bhASA kA Azraya kabIra ne liyA vahI usa kAla kI prAmANika bhASA thI / usameM, prAya: kaI prAMtIya boliyoM kI chApa rahane para bhI, hamArI khar3I bolA kI AraMbhika avasthA kA rUpa pAyA jAtA hai / uThA bagUlA prema kA, tinakA ur3A prakAsa / tinakA tinakA se milA, tinakA tinake pAsa // 9 gharabArI to ghara meM rAjI, phakkar3a rAjI bana meM / aiMThI tI pAga lapeTI, tela cunA julaphana meM // ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa hai ki 'uThA', 'ur3A, 'se', 'milA', ityAdi kA prAjakala kI bhASA se kitanA adhika saMbaMdha hai / yaha saba kahane kA abhiprAya yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki usa samaya kevala khar3I bolo kA hI prAdhAnya thA / ina avataraNoM se yahI nirvivAda pramANita hotA hai ki sAhitya kI bhASA se pare bolacAla kI eka sAdhAraNa bhASA bhI bana gaI thI / samaya samaya para isa bhASA meM loga racanAe~ karate rahe / isa prakAra kI racanAoM kA nirmANa kevala manovinoda kI dRSTi se hI hotA thA / yaha tAratamya kabhI TUTA nahIM / brajabhASA kI dhArAvAhika pragati meM sthAna sthAna para rahIma, sItala, bhUSaNa, sUdana yAdi kaviyoM kI racI huI khar3I bolI kI phuTakara racanAe~ bhI milatI haiM; paraMtu braja

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hiMdI kI gadya zailI kA vikAsa 181 bhASA ke bAhulya meM inakA patA nahIM lagatA / prAja bIsavIM zatAbdI kI khar3I bolo kI racanAoM kA itihAsa isa vicAra meM bahuta prAcIna hai / kAvya kA prema sabhI meM hotA hai, cAhe a~gareja ho, cAhe musalamAna ho / hai, sabhI meM sarasatA hotI hai aura sabhI kalpanA ke vaibhava kA anubhava karate haiN| jisa samaya musalamAna bhAratavarSa meM Ae usa samaya, yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki, usa bhASA kA vyavahAra ve nahIM kara sakate the, jisakA itane dinoM se ve apane Adima sthAnI meM karate Ae the / yahA~ Ane para svabhAvataH unheM apanI bhASA kA sthAna hiMdI ko denA par3A / ataH jinheM sAhitya kA nirmANa karanA abhISTa thA unhoMne brajabhASA aura avadhI kI zaraNa lI / isI pravRtti kA yaha pariNAma huA hai ki sUphI kaviyoM ke samudAya ne hiMdI meM racanA kI hai| ina kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM meM bar3I suMdara aura mArmika anubhUti kI vyaMjanA kI hai| inake zramasvarUpa kaI graMtha taiyAra hue / inameM adhikAMza uttama aura upAdeya haiN| kutubana, malika muhammada jAyasI, usamAna, zekha nabI, kAsima zAha, nUra muhammada, phAjila zAha prabhRti ne eka se eka uttama racanAe~ taiyAra kIM / ina sarasahRdayoM se hiMdI meM eka prakAra kA vizeSa kAvya taiyAra huA / inake atirikta kitanI hI anya racanAe~ kI gaI haiM, jo eka se eka uttama haiM aura jinameM eka se manoraMjaka citra upasthita hue haiM / malUkadAsa, rahIma, rasakhAna, nevAja ityAdi ne sthAna sthAna para kitane hiMdU kaviyoM se kahIM adhika madhura aura projasvinI kavitAe~ likhI haiM cAhe vaha hiMdU ho, sabhI ko hRdaya hotA

Page #49
182 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA jAyasI aura rasakhAna prabhRti kaviyoM kA bhASA para bhI adbhuta adhikAra thaa| ina logoM kI racanAe~ par3hane para zIghratA se yaha nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki ye musalamAna kI lekhanI se utpanna huI haiN| __ Upara yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki samasta uttara-bhArata kI sAhityika bhASA brajabhASA calo bhAtI thii| musalamAnoM ke prabhAva se ziSTa varga ke bolacAla kI bhASA khar3o bolo hotI jAtI thii| inako, dillI kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa, isI bhASA kA Azraya lenA pdd'aa| ve bolacAla meM, sAdhAraNa vyavahAra meM, isI bhASA kA upayoga karate the| unakA eka pradhAna dala to brajabhASA meM sAhitya nirmANa karatA thA aura sAdhAraNa loga, jo manovinoda ke liye kucha tukabaMdiyAM karate the, bolacAla kI khar3I bolo kA upayoga karate the| ina tukabaMdiyoM ke DhA~ce, bhASA aura bhAva Adi saba meM bhAratIyatA kI jhalaka spaSTa dekha par3atI tho| khar3o bolI kA pracAra kevala uttara bhArata taka hI parimita na rahA; varan dakSiNa pradezoM meM bhI isakA samyak prasAra huaa| urdU ke prAraMbhika kAvyakAra adhikatara dakSiNa ke hI the| satrahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM dakSiNa meM kaI suMdara kavi hue| unakI kavitA dekhane se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki khar3I bolI kA pracAra dakSiNa meM bhI acchA huA thaa| usa samaya taka unameM yaha dhAraNA na thI ki unakI racanAoM meM kevala eka vizeSa bhASA kI pradhAnatA ho| ve pracalita bolacAla kI khar3I bolI ko hI apanI bhASA mAnate the| 'piyA', 'vairAga', 'bhabhUta', 'jogI', 'aMga', 'jagata', 'rIti', 'sU', 'prakhaMDiyA~', ityAdi hiMdI ke zabdoM kA prayoga

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hiMdo kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 183 ve adhika karate the| yadi unakI racanAoM meM sthAna sthAna para urdU-phArasI aura arabI ke zabda prA jAyA karate the to yaha bilakula svAbhAvika hI thaa| yadi ve use bacAne kA prayatna karate to unakI racanAoM meM kRtrimatA Ane tathA unake asvAbhAvika lagane kA bhaya thaa| una kaviyoM kI bhASA kA rUpa dekhie piyA bina mere taI vairAga bhAyA hai jo honI ho so ho jAve / bhabhUta aba jogiyoM kA aMga lAyA hai jo honI ho so ho jAve // -azarafa hama nA tumako dila diyA tuma dila liyA aura dukha diyA / tuma yaha kiyA hama vaha kiyA yaha bhI jagata kI rIta hai| -sAdI dila valI kA le liyA dillI ne chIna / jA kaho koI muhammada zAha suu|| Tuka valI ko sanama gale se lgaa| khudanumAI na kara khudA se Dara // tuma a~khaDiyAM ke dekhe Alama kharAba hogaa| -zAha valI-allAha valI sAhaba dakSiNa se uttara bhArata meM cale aae| usa samaya yahA~ muhammadazAha zAsana kara rahA thaa| valo ke dillI meM Ate hI logoM meM kAvya-prema kI dhuna prAraMbha huii| isI kAraNa prAyaH loga urdU kavitA kA prAraMbha valI se mAnate haiN| kucha dinoM taka to khar3I bolI kA vizuddha rUpa meM prayoga hotA

Page #51
184 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA rahA; paraMtu jaise jaise ina musalamAna kaviyoM kI vRddhi hotI gaI, unameM apanApana AtA gayA aura uttarottara unakI kavitAoM meM arabI aura phArasI ke zabdoM kA prayoga bar3hane lgaa| saMvat 1768 se 1837 ke pAsa taka Ate Ate hama dekhate haiM ki arabI aura fArasI kA mela adhika ho jAtA hai| yo to mirz2A muhammada raphI ( saudA) kI racanAoM meM se koI koI to vastuta: usI prakAra kI haiM jaise ki khusaro kI |ajb taraha kI hai eka nAra / usakA maiM kyA karU~ vicAra / vaha dina DUbe pI ke sNg| lAgI rahe nisI ke aMga // mAre se vaha jI uThe bina mAre mara jAya / bina bhAvoM jaga jaga phire hAthoM hAtha bikAya // nAra, vicAra, pI, saMga, nisi, aMga, bina, jaga, hAtha, bikAya ityAdi zabdoM kA kitanA vizuddha prayoga hai| isI prakAra ke zabda, hama dekha cuke haiM ki, azarapha, sAdI aura balI kI kavitA meM bhI milate the| sAdhAraNataH saudA ke samaya meM bhASA kA yaha rUpa na thaa| usa samaya taka arabI aura fArasI ke zabdoM ne apanA Adhipatya jamA liyA thA, paraMtu saudA kI ina paMktiyoM meM hamane spaSTa dekha liyA ki jo dhArA khusaro aura kabIra ke samaya se niHsRta huI thI vahI isa samaya taka baha rahI thii| sAhitya ke itihAsa meM prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki 60 pratizata bhASAoM meM prAraMbha kavitA kI racanAoM se hotA hai| .

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAmra 185 sAhitya kA prAthamika rUpa kevala madhura vyaMjanA para nirbhara rahatA hai / usa avasthA meM sAhitya kevala mano-vinoda kI sAmagrI samajhA jAtA hai / usa samaya yaha Avazyaka nahIM samajhA jAtA ki kAvya meM mAnava-jIvana kA vizleSaNa athavA Alocana ho, aura usa samaya usameM jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM kI vyaMjanA bhI nahIM hotI / logoM ke vicAroM kA bhI prasphuTana usa samaya itanA nahIM huA rahatA ki itane gUr3ha manana kI ora dhyAna diyA jAya / itanA hI alam samajhA jAtA hai ki bhAva prakAzana kI vidhi kucha madhura ho aura usameM kucha 'laya' ho jisase sAdhAraNataH gAne kA rUpa mila sake / isI liye hama dekhate haiM ki kAvya meM sarva prathama gIta-kAvyoM kA hI vikAsa hotA hai / yahI niyama hama khar3I bolI ke vikAsa meM bhI pAte haiM / pahale pahelikA aura kahAvatoM ke rUpa meM kAvya kA AraMbha khusaro se hotA hai i taduparAMta kramaza: dhyAte prAte akabara ke samaya taka hameM gadya kA rUpa kisI na kisI rUpa meM vyavahRta hote dikhAI par3atA hai / gaMga kI lekhanI se yaha rUpa nikalatA hai " itanA suna ke pAtasAhi jI zrI prakAra sAhajI mAdha sera sonA naraharadAsa cArana ko diyA ! inake Der3ha sera sonA ho gayA / rAsa bA~canA pUrana bhayA / grAma khAsa barakhAsa huA / " isI prakAra gadya calatA rahA aura jahA~gIra ke zAsana kAla meM jo hameM jaTamala kI likhI 'gorA bAdala kI kathA' milatI hai usameM 'cArana' 'bhayA' aura 'pUrana' aise bigar3e hue rUpa na milakara zuddha namaskAra, sukhI, prAnaMda zrAdi tatsama 24

Page #53
186 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA zabda milate haiN| - "guru va sarasvatI ko namaskAra karatA huuN|" "usa gAMva ke loga bhI hota sukhI haiN| ghara ghara meM AnaMda hotA hai|" yadi isI prakAra khar3I bolI kA vikAsa hotA rahatA to mAja hamArA hiMdI sAhitya bhI saMsAra ke anya sAhityoM kI bhAMti samRddha aura bharA-pUrA dikhAI pdd'taa| paraMtu aisA huA nhiiN| isake kaI kAraNa haiN| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki usa kAla meM brajabhASA kI pradhAnatA thI aura vizeSa ruci kalpanA tathA kAvya kI ora thii| logoM kI pravRtti tathyAtathya ke nirUpaNa kI ora na thI, jisake liye gadya atyaMta apekSita hai| ataH vizeSa Avazyaka na thA ki gadya likhA jaay| dUsare vaha kAla vijJAna ke vikAsa kA na thaa| usa samaya logoM ko isa bAta kI prAvazyakatA na thI ki pratyeka viSaya para AlocanAtmaka dRSTi rkheN| vaijJAnika viSayoM kA vivecana sAdhAraNataH padya meM nahIM ho sakatA; usake liye gadya kA sahArA caahie| tIsarA kAraNa gadya ke prasphuTita na hone kA yaha thA ki usa samaya koI aisA dhArmika AMdolana upasthita na huA jisameM vAda-vivAda kI AvazyakatA par3atI aura jisake liye praur3ha gadya kA honA Avazyaka samajhA jaataa| usa samaya na to maharSi dayAnaMda sarIkhe dharmapracAraka hue aura na IsAiyoM ko hI apane dharma ke pracAra kI bhAvanA huii| anyathA gadya kA vikAsa ThIka usI prakAra hotA jaisA ki mAge calakara huaa| kisI bhI kAraNa se ho, gadya kA prasAra usa samaya sthagita raha gyaa| kAvya kI hI dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI aura usake liye brajabhASA kA samatala gharAtala atyaMta anukUla thaa|

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 187 brajabhASA meM kevala kAvya-racanA hotI AI ho, yaha bAta nahIM hai / gadya bhI usameM likhA gayA thA, kiMtu nAma mAtra ke liye / saMvat 1400 ke AsapAsa ke likhe bAbA gorakhanAtha ke kucha graMthoM kI bhASA sarva prAcIna brajabhASA ke gadya kA pramANa hai / usameM prAcInatA ke paricAyaka lakSaNoM kI bharamAra hai / jaise "svAmI tumha to sataguru, amhe to siSA sabada to eka pUddhivA, dayA kari kahibA, mani na karivA resa" / isameM hama amde, tumcha, pUchivA aura kariba Adi meM bhASA kA prAraMbhika rUpa dekhate haiM / yaha bhASA kucha adhika aspaSTa bhI nahIM / isake uparAMta hama zrIviTThalanAtha kI vArtAoM ke pAsa Ate haiM / usameM brajabhASA ke gadya kA hameM vaha rUpa dIkha par3atA hai jo satrahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM pracalita thA / ataH ina vArtAoM meM bhI, jo usI bolacAla kI bhASA meM likhI gaI hai, sthAna sthAna para arabI aura fArasI zabda A gae haiM / yaha bilakula svAbhAvika thA / yaha saba hote hue bhI hameM ina vArtAoM kI bhASA meM sthiratA aura bhAva-vyaMjanA kI acchI zakti dokha par3atI hai / jaise-- "sro zrI naMdagAma meM rahate iteo / so khaMDana brAhmaNa zAstra par3ho hato / so jitane pRthvI para mata haiM sabako khaMDana karatA; aisA vAko nema hateA / yAhI teM saba logana ne vAko nAma khaMDana pAso hatA / " yadi brajabhASA ke hI gadya kA yaha rUpa sthira rakhA jAtA aura isake bhAva prakAzana kI zailI tathA vyaMjanA-zakti kA kramazaH vikAsa hotA rahatA to saMbhava hai ki eka acchI zailI kA abhyudaya ho jAtA / paraMtu aisA nahIM huA / isakI dazA sudharane ke badale bigar3atI gaI / zaktihIna hAthoM meM par3a

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188 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA kara isakI bar3I durgati huii| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki isa gadya kA bhI vikasita rUpa pIche koI nahIM milatA, aura jo milatA bhI hai vaha isase adhika lacara aura tathyahIna milatA hai| ina vArtAoM ke atirikta aura koI svataMtra graMtha nahIM miltaa| kucha TIkAkAroM kI bhraSTa aura aniyaMtrita TIkAe~ avazya milatI haiN| ye TIkAe~ isa bAta ko pramANita karatI haiM ki kramazaH isa gadya kA hAsa hI hotA gayA, isakI avasthA bigar3atI gaI aura isakI vyaMjanAtmaka zakti dina para dina naSTa hotI gii| TIkAkAra mUla pATha kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hI nahIM the varan use aura abodha tathA durgamya kara dete| bhASA aisI anagar3ha aura laddhar3a hotI thI ki mUla meM cAhe buddhi kAma kara jAya para TIkA ke cakravyUha meM se nikalanA durghaTa hI smjhie| Upara kaha cuke haiM ki subratAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM hI khar3I bolI kA pracAra dakSiNa pradezoM meM aura samasta uttara bhArata ke ziSTa samAja meM thA, paraMtu yaha pracAra samyak rUpa se nahIM thaa| abhI taka uttara ke pradezoM meM pradhAnatA yukta prAMta kI thI; paraMtu jisa samaya zAhI zAsana kI avasthA vicchinna huI aura ina zAsakoM kI durbalatA ke kAraNa cAroM ora se una para AkramaNa hone lage usa samaya rAjanItika saMgaThana bhI chinna-bhinna hone lgaa| eka ora se ahamada zAha durrAnI kI car3hAI ne aura dUsarI ora se marAThoM ne dillI ke zAsana ko hilAnA prAraMbha kara diyaa| abhI taka jo sabhyatA aura bhASA dillI-prAgarA aura unake pAsavAle pradezoM ke vyavahAra meM thI vaha idhara udhara phailane lgii| kramazaH isakA prasAra

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 186 samasta uttarI prAMtoM meM bar3ha claa| isI samaya a~garejoM kA adhikAra uttarottara bar3hane lagA thA / ataH dillI aura prAgarA kI pradhAnatA aba bihAra aura baMgAla kI ora agrasara huii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaha sabhyatA aura bhASA jo kevala yukta prAMta ke pazcimI bhAga meM ba~dhI thI, dhIre dhIre saMpUrNa yukta prAMta, bihAra aura baMgAla meM phaila gii| idhara musalamAnoM ne apanI rAjadhAniyA~ bihAra aura baMgAla meM sthApita kI; udhara baMgAla meM a~garejoM kI pradhAnatA bar3ha hI rahI thii| phalataH vyApAra dhIre dhIre pazcima se pUrva kI ora prasArita huaa| isakA prabhAva bhASA kI vyavasthA para bhI par3e binA na rhaa| vaha khar3I bolI, jo aba taka pazcimI bhAga meM hI ba~dhI thI, samasta uttarI bhArata meM aba apanA adhikAra jamAne meM samartha huii| ___ bhAratavarSa meM a~garejoM ke Ate hI yahA~ kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika tathA dhArmika paristhiti meM viplava upasthita ho utthaa| rAjya-saMsthApana tathA prAdhipatya-vistAra kI inakI bhAvanA ne yahA~ ke rAjanItika jagat meM ulaTa-pulaTa utpanna kara diyaa| inake nitya ke saMsarga ne tathA rela, tAra kI nUtana suvidhAoM ne yahAM ke rahana sahana aura prAcAra vicAra meM parivartana lA khar3A kiyaa| ina logoM ke sAtha sAtha inakA dharma bhI lagA rhaa| inakA eka anya dala dharma-pracAra kI ceSTA kara rahA thaa| dharma-pravartana kI isa ceSTA ne dhArmika jagat meM eka praudolana upasthita kiyaa| saba ora eka sAdhAraNa dRSTi pherane se eka zabda meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki aba vijJAna kA yuga prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| logoM ke vicAroM meM jAgarti ho

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1-60 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA rahI thI / unheM yaha jJAta hai| calA thA ki unakA saMbaMdha " " kevala unhoM ke deza bhAratavarSa se nahIM haiM varana bhAratavarSa jaise dUsare pradeza bhI haiM; sRSTi ke isa vistAra se unakA saMbaMdha avicchinna rahanA anivArya hai, aisI avasthA meM samAja kI vyApakatA vRddhi pAne lagI / isa sAmAjika vikAsa ke sAtha hI sAtha bhASA kI ora bhI dhyAna jAnA nirvAta svAbhAvika thA / isI samaya yaMtrAlaye / meM mudraNa-kArya prAraMbha huA / isakA prabhAva navIna sAhitya ke vikAsa para adhika par3A / isa prakAra vicAroM ke sAmAjika AdAna-pradAna kA rUpa sthira huA / isa samaya taka jA sAhitya pracalita thA vaha kevala padyamaya thA / jo dhArA gyArahavIM athavA bArahavIM zatAbdiyoM meM pravAhita huI thI vaha prAja taka apratihata rUpa meM calI A rahI thI / eka samaya thA, jaba ki yaha pragati saphalatA ke uccatama zikhara para pahu~ca cukI thI / kiMtu aba isake kramAgata hAsa kA samaya thA / isa kAla kI paristhiti isa bAta kA sAkSya detI thI ki aba kisI 'tulasI', 'sUra' aura 'bihArI' ke hone kI saMbhAvanA na thI / isa samaya meM bhI kaviyoM kA prabhAva nahIM thA / graMthoM kI racanA kA krama isa samaya bhI cala rahA thA aura unake pAThakoM tathA zrotAoM kI kamI bhI nahIM thI kiMtu aba yaha spaSTa bhAsita hone lagA thA ki kevala padya racanA se kAma nahIM calegA / padya-racanA sAhitya kA eka aMga vizeSa mAtra hai, usake anya aMgoM kI bhI vyavasthA karanI par3egI, aura binA aisA kie uddhAra hone kA nahIM / vAda-vivAda, dharmopadeza aura tathyAtathya nirUpaNa ke liye padya anupayogI hai, yaha logoM kI samajha meM Ane lagA / ina

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 191 bAtoM ke liye gadya kI zaraNa lenI par3egI-yaha spaSTa dikhAI par3ane lgaa| kisI kAla-vizeSa ko jina prasuvidhAoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai unheM vaha svayaM apane anukUla banA letA hai| usake liye kisI vyakti vizeSa kiMvA jAti-vizeSa ko prayatna nahIM karanA pdd'taa| jaba koI prAvazyakatA utpanna hotI hai taba usakI pUrti ke sAdhana bhI apane Apa utpanna ho jAte haiN| yahI avasthA isa samaya gadya ke vikAsa kI bhI huii| yadi isa kAla-vizeSa ko gadya-racanA kI AvazyakatA par3I to sAdhana sAmane hI the| vicAraNIya viSaya yaha thA ki isa samaya brajabhASA ke gadya kA punaruddhAra karanA samIcIna hogA athavA ziSTa samAja meM pracalita khar3I bolI ke gadya kA / AdhAra svarUpa donoM kA bhAMDAra eka hI sA daridra thaa| donoM meM hI saMcita dravya-lekha-sAmagrI-bahuta nyUna mAtrA meM upalabdha thaa| brajabhASA ke gadya meM yadi TIkAoM kI gadya-zrRMkhalA ko lete haiM to usakI avasthA kula milAkara nahIM ke barAbara ho jAtI hai| kahA jA cukA hai ki ina TIkAoM kI bhASA itanI lacara, aniyaMtrita aura aspaSTa thI ki usakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA thaa| usameM azaktatA itanI adhika mAtrA meM thI ki bhAva-prakAzana taka usase bhalI bhA~ti nahIM ho sakatA thaa| khar3o bolI kI avasthA ThIka isake viparIta thI / AdhArasvarUpa usakA bhI koI itihAsa na rahA ho, yaha dUsarI bAta hai; paraMtu jana sAdhAraNa usa samaya isake rUpa se itanA paricita aura hilA mikhA thA ki ise apanAne meM use kisI prakAra kA saMkoca na thaa| dina rAta loga bolacAla meM isI kA

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162 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA vyavahAra karate the| kisI prakAra ke bhAva-vyaMjana meM unheM kucha ar3acana nahIM par3atI tho| eka dUsarA vicAraNIya prazna yaha thA ki navAgaMtuka a~gareja nitya bolacAla kI bhASA sunate sunate usI ke abhyasta ho ge| aba unake sammukha dUra-sthita brajabhASA kA gadya 'eka navIna jaMtu' thaa| ataeva unakI pravRtti bhI usa ora sahAnubhUti-zUnya sI thii| a~garez2oM ke hI samAna musalamAna bhI use nahIM pasaMda karate the; kyoMki prAraMbha se hI ve khar3I bolI ke sAtha saMbaddha the| yadi isa samaya bhI brajabhASA ke gadya ke pracAra kI ceSTA kI jAtI to, saMbhava hai, iMzA allAkhA~ na hue hote| eka aura prazna loka-ruci kA bhI thaa| manuSya kI yaha svAbhAvika pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai ki vaha saralatA kI ora adhika AkRSTa hotA hai| jisa ora use kaSTa aura asuvidhA kI kama AzaMkA rahatI hai usI ora vaha calatA hai / isa dRSTi se bhI jaca vicAra kiyA gayA hogA taba yahI nizcita huA hogA ki a~gareja tathA usa samaya ke par3he likhe hiMdU-musalamAna sabhI khar3I bolI ko hI svIkAra kara sakate haiN| usI meM sabako saralatA rahegI aura vahI zIghratA se vyApaka bana skegii| sArAMza yaha ki khar3I bolI ko sthAna dene ke kaI kAraNa prastuta the| kisI bhI sAhitya ke prAraMbhika kAla meM eka avasthAvizeSa aisI rahatI hai ki sAdhAraNa vastu ko hI lekara calanA par3atA hai| usa samaya na to bhASA meM bhAva-prakAzana kI baliSTha zakti rahatI hai aura na lekhakoM meM hI vyaMjanA-zakti kA samyaka prAdurbhAva hubhA rahatA hai| ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki gadya sAhitya kA samAraMbha kathA kahAnI se ho| usa samaya sAhityonnati

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hiMdo kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 163 ke samAraMbha kA kAraNa kevala manovinoda hI hotA hai| vaha samaya ucca aura mahat vicAroM ke gaveSaNA-pUrNa ciMtana kA nahIM hotaa| usa samaya tathyAtathya-vivecana asaMbhava hotA hai| vahA~ to yahI vicAra rahatA hai ki kisI prakAra loga paThana-pAThana ke abhyAsI hoN| yahI avasthA hamAre gadya ke isa vikAsakAla meM thii| ___ yahI hameM iMzA allAkhA~ aura muMzo sadAsukhalAla dikhAI par3ate haiN| eka kahAnI lekara Ate haiM, dUsare kathA kA rUpa / isa samaya ina do lekhakoM kI kRpA se do samAjoM ko par3hane kA kucha upAdAna, calatI bhASA meM, prApta huaa| dharma samAja ko zrImadbhAgavata kA anuvAda milA aura jana sAdhAraNa ko mana-bahalAva ke liye eka kissaa| jaise donoM ke viSaya haiM vaisI hI unakI bhASA bhI hai| eka meM bhASA zAMta saMcaraNa karatI huI milatI hai to dUsare meM uchalakUda kA bolabAlA hai| muMzIjI kI bhASA meM saMskRta ke suMdara tatsama zabdoM ke sAtha purAnA paMDitAUpana hai to khA~ sAhaba meM arabI-phArasI ke sAdhAraNa zabda-samudAya ke sAtha-sAtha vAkya-racanA kA DhaMga bhI musalamAnI mAlUma par3atA hai| namUne dekhie "jo satya bAta hoya use kahA cAhie, ko burA mAne ki bhalA mAne / vidyA isa hetu par3hate haiM ki tAtparya isakA jo sattovRtti hai vaha prApta ho aura usase nija svarUpa meM laya huujie||" -muMzI sadAsukhalAla _ "sira jhukAkara nAka ragar3atA hU~ usa apane banAnevAle ke sAmane jisane hama sabako banAyA aura bAta kI bAta meM vaha kara dikhAyA ki jisakA bheda kisI ne na paayaa| zrAtiyAM, jAtiyA~ jo sA~se haiM, usake 25

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164 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bina dhyAna saba phA~se haiN| yaha kala kA putalA jo apane usa khilAr3I kI sudha rakkhe to khaTAI meM kyoM par3e aura kar3avA kasailA kyoM ho ?" -saiyada iMzA allAkhAM "bAta hoya, ko ( koI ke liye), hetu, tAtparya isakA.........hai" ityAdi pada muMzIjI meM paMDitAUpana ke pramANa haiN| Ajakala bhI kathA-vAcaka meM aura sAhitya kA jJAna na rakhanevAle kore saMskRta ke anya paMDitoM meM isa prakAra kI vyaMjanAtmaka paripATI pAI jAtI hai| isake atirikta inameM AvatA, jAvatA ityAdi kA prayoga bhI bahulatA se milatA hai| isI paMDitAUpana kA rUpa hameM svargIya paMDita ambikAdattajI vyAsa kI racanA meM bhI milatA hai| muMzIjI ke samaya meM yaha utanA bar3A doSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA thA jitanA vyAsajI ke kAla meN| astu, ina saMskAra-janita doSoM ko chor3akara inakI racanA meM hameM prAgama kA citra spaSTa dikhAI par3ane lagatA hai| 'tAtparya', 'sattovRtti', 'prApta', "svarUpa' ityAdi saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM ke ucita prayoga bhASA ke parimArjita hone kI AzA dikhAte haiN| racanA ke sAdhAraNa svarUpa ko dekhane se eka prakAra kI sthiratA aura gaMbhIratA kI jhalaka dikhAI par3atI hai| yaha spaSTa AzA ho jAtI hai ki eka dina A sakatA hai jaba mArmika viSayoM kI vivecanA saralatA se hogii| udbhAvanA-zakti ke vicAra se jaba hama khA~ sAhaba kI kRti ko dekhate haiM taba nirvivAda mAna lenA par3atA hai ki unakA viSaya eka navIna prAyojana thaa| unakI kathA kA AdhAra nahIM thaa| muMzIjI kA kArya isa vicAra se sarala thaa|

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 165 khA~ sAhaba ko apanI isa navInatA meM bar3I saphalatA milii| kathA kA nirvAha saMgaThita aura krama-baddha hai| bhASA camatkArapUrNa aura AkarSaka hai| usameM acchA calatApana hai| yaha saba hote hue bhI mAnanA par3egA ki isa prakAra kI bhASA gUr3ha viSayoM ke pratipAdana ke liye upayogI nahIM ho sakatI / isameM caTaka maTaka itanI hai ki par3hate par3hate eka mIThI ha~sI A hI jAtI hai| yahI zailI kramaza: vikasita hokara paMDita padmasihajI zarmA kI bhASA meM maujUda hai / isa zailI kI bhASA meM dhoMgA-dhoMgI to saphalatA ke sAtha ho sakatI hai| kiMtu gUr3ha gaveSaNA ko usameM koI sthAna nahIM prApta ho sktaa| isake atirikta inameM tuka lagAte calane kI dhuna bhI vilakSaNa thii| isI kA parivaddhita rUpa lallujIlAla kI racanA meM bhI milatA hai| abhI taka sAhitya kevala padyamaya thaa| ata: sabhI ke kAna zrutimadhura tukAMtoM kI ora AkRSTa hote the| "hama labako banAyA, kara dikhAyA, kisI ne na pAyA" meM yaha bAta spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai| kRdaMta aura vizeSaNa ke prayoga meM 'vacana' kA vicAra rakhanA eka prAcIna paripATI yA paraMparAgata rUr3hi thI jo ki apabhraMza kAla meM to pracalita thI, paraMtu khA~ sAhaba ke kucha pUrva taka idhara nahIM milatI thii| akasmAt inakI racanA meM phira vaha rUpa dikhAI pdd'aa| Upara die hue avataraNa ke 'prAviyA~ jAtiyA~ jo sA~se haiM' meM yaha bAta spaSTa hai| vAstava meM isa samaya 'AtI jAtI' likhA jAnA cAhie, isake atirikta inakI racanA meM kahAvatoM kA suMdara upayoga aura nirvAha pAyA jAtA hai| yaha bhASA musalamAnoM ke upayoga meM saikar3oM varSa

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166 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA .se pA rahI thii| ataH unake liye vaha eka prakAra se parimArjita ho cukI thii| unake liye kahAvatoM kA suMdara prayoga karanA koI bar3I bAta na thii| inakI vAkya-yojanA meM fArasI kA DhaMga hai| "sira jhukAkara nAka ragar3atA hU~ apane banAnevAle ke sAmane' meM rUpa hI ulaTA hai| isI ko paMDita sadala mizra ne likhA hai-'sakala siddhidAyaka vo devatana meM nAyaka gaNapati ko praNAma karatA huuN|' kriyA kA vAkya ke aMta meM rahanA samIcIna hai| ___ sArAMza yaha ki iMzA allAkhA~ kI bhASA zailI urdU DhaMga kI hai aura usa samaya ke sabhI lekhakoM meM yaha "saba se caTakIlI maTakIlI muhAviredAra aura calatI" hai, paraMtu yaha mAna lenA bhramAtmaka hai ki khA~ sAhaba kI zailI ucca gadya ke liye upayukta hai| isa ora svataH lekhaka kI pravRtti siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| vaha likhate samaya hAva bhAva kUda phA~da aura lapaka jhapaka dikhAnA cAhatA hai| aisI avasthA meM gaMbhIratA kA nirvAha kaThina ho jAtA hai| usane phar3akatI huI bhASA kA bar3A suMdara rUpa lekhaka ne sAmane rakhA hai, yahI kAraNa hai jo tAttvika viSayoM kA paryAlocana isakI bhASA meM nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| hA~ yaha bAta avazya hai ki khA~ sAhaba ne apane viSaya ke anukUla bhASA kA upayoga kiyA hai| usameM lekhaka kA pratirUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| uchalatI huI bhASA kA vaha bahuta hI prAkarSaka rUpa hai| jisa samaya idhara muMzI sadAsukhalAla aura saiyada iMzA allAkhA~ apanI vRttiyoM ko lekara sAhityakSetra meM avatIrNa hue usa samaya udhara kalakatte meM gilakrisTa sAhaba bhI gadya ke nirmANa meM sahAyaka hue| phorTa viliyama kAleja kI

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hiMdI kI gadya zailI kA vikAsa 1-67 adhyakSatA meM lallUjIlAla ne 'premasAgara' aura sadala mizra ne 'nAsiketopAkhyAna' likhaa| lallUjIlAla ke liye caturbhujadAsa kA bhAgavata aura sadala mizra ke liye saMskRta kA nAsiketeopAkhyAna prApta thaa| donoM ko vastunirmANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3I / purAne DhA~ce para imArata khar3I karanA adhika kuzalatA kA paricAyaka nahIM hai / isa dRSTi se iMzA allA khA~ kA kArya sabase durUha thA / khA~ sAhaba aura muMzIjI ne svAnta:sukhAya racanA kI aura lallujIlAla aura mizrajI ne kevala dUsaroM ke utsAha se graMtha nirmANa kie / - lallUjIlAla kI bhASA caturbhujadAsa kI bhASA kA pratirUpa hai / usakI koI svataMtra sattA hI nahIM dikhAI par3atI / usa samaya taka gadya kA jo vikAsa ho cukA thA usakI AbhA inakI zailI meM nahIM dikhAI pdd'tii| bhASA meM niyaMtraNa aura vyavasthA kA pUrNa abhAva hai / zabdacayana ke vicAra se vaha dhanI jJAta hotI hai / tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga usameM adhika huA hai| paraMtu ina zabdoM kA rUpa vikRta bhI yatheSTa huA hai / dezaja zabda sthAna sthAna para vicitra hI milate haiN| arabI phArasI kI zabdAvalI kA vyavahAra nahIM huA hai / apavAda svarUpa saMbhava hai kahIM koI videzI zabda A gayA ho / inakI bhASA sAnuprAsa aura tukAMtapUrNa hai / udAharaNa dekhie-- "aise ve donoM priya pyArI batarAya puni prIti bar3hAya aneka prakAra se kAma kalAla karane lage aura virahI kI pIra harate / zrAge pAna kI miThAI, motI mAla kI zItalAI aura dIpajyoti kI maMdatAI dekha eka bAra to saba dvAra mU~da USA bahuta ghabarAya ghara meM zrAya prati pyAra kara priya ko kaMTha lagAya leTI / "

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168 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ____ isa prakAra kI bhASA kathAvArtAoM meM hI prayukta kI jA sakatI hai| usa samaya bhASA kA jo rUpa prayojanIya thA vaha inhoMne nahIM khar3A kiyA / inakI bhASA adhikAMza zithila hai| sthAna sthAna para aise vAkyAMza pAe haiM jinakA saMbaMdha Age pIche ke vAkyoM se bilakula nahIM miltaa| ina saba doSoM ke rahate hue bhI inakI bhASA bar3I madhura huii| sthAna sthAna para varNanAtmaka citra bar3e suMdara haiN| yadi lallUjIlAla bhI sadala mizra kI bhA~ti bhASA ko svataMtratApUrvaka vicaraNa karane dete to saMbhava hai unakI prAcInatA itanI na khaTakatI, aura kucha doSoM kA parimArjana bhI isa prakAra ho jaataa| parabI fArasI ke laTakoM se bacane meM inakI bhASA muhAviredAra aura AkarSaka nahIM ho sakI aura usameM adhika tor3a maror3a karanA pdd'aa| lallUjIlAla ke sAtho sadala mizra kI bhASA vyAvahArika hai| isameM na to brajabhASA kA anukaraNa hai aura na tukAMta kA lttkaa| inhoMne arabI-phArasI-pana ko eka dama alaga nahIM kiyaa| isakA pariNAma burA nahIM huA, kyoMki isase bhASA meM muhAviroM kA nirvAha saphalatA ke sAtha ho sakA hai aura kucha AkarSaNa tathA rocakatA bhI A gaI hai| vAkyoM ke saMgaThana meM khA~ sAhaba kI ulaTa pheravAlI pravRtti inameM bhI milatI hai| 'jalavihAra haiM karate, 'uttama gati ko haiM pahu~cate' 'abahI huA hai kyA' ityAdi meM vahI dhuna dikhAI detI hai| isa meM sthAna sthAna para vAkya asaMpUrNa avasthA meM hI chor3a die gae haiN| aMtima kriyA kA patA nahIM hai| jaise 'jahA~ dekho vahA~ devakanyA saba gaatii'| sAdhAraNataH dekhane se bhASA asaMyata bAta hotI hai| 'aura' ke liye 'zrI' tathA 'vo' donoM

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 166 rUpa milate haiN| bahuvacanarUpa bhI do prakAra ke milate haiN| 'kAjana' 'hAthana' 'sahasrana' aura 'koTinha' 'motinha' 'phUlanha' 'bahuteranha' ityaadi| muMzI sadAsukhalAla kI bhA~ti inameM bhI paMDitAUpana milatA hai| 'jAnanihArA' 'prAvatA' 'karanahArA' 'rahe' (the ke liye ) 'jaisI AzA kariye, 'zrAvane ityAdi isI ke saMbodhaka haiM ! eka hI zabda do rUpoM meM likhe gae haiN| udAharaNArtha 'kadahI' bhI milatA hai aura 'kadhI', 'nahIM' ke sthAna meM sadaiva na likhA gayA hai| mizrajI kalakatte meM to rahate hI the; isI kAraNa unakI bhASA meM ba~galA kA bhI prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai 'gAcha'-'kAMdanA' ba~galA bhASA ke zabda haiM 'so maiM nahIM sakatA huuN| meM ba~galApana spaSTa hai| 'jahA~ ki' ko sarvatra 'ki jahA~' likhA hai| yo to mizrajI kI bhASA avyavasthita aura aniyaMtrita hai aura usameM ekarUpatA kA abhAva hai; paraMtu usameM bhAva-prakAzana kI paddhati suMdara aura AkarSaka hai| tatsama zabdoM kA acchA prayoga hote hue bhI usameM tadbhava aura prAMtika zabdoM kI bharamAra hai| sabhI sthaloM para bhASA eka sI nahIM hai| kahIM kahIM to usakA sucAru aura saMyata rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai, para kahIM kahIM azakta aura bhaddA / aisI avasthA meM inakI bhASA ko 'gaThIlI' aura 'parimArjita' kahanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| ekasvaratA kA vicAra adhika rakhanA caahie| isa vicAra se inakI bhASA ko dekhane para nirAza honA par3egA; paraMtu sAdhAraNa dRSTi se vaha muhAviredAra aura vyAvahArika thI isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| kahIM kahIM to inakI racanA AzA se adhika saMskRta dikhAI par3atI hai jaise

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200 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ___ "usa vana meM vyAghra aura siMha ke bhaya se vaha akelI kamala ke samAna caMcala netravAlI vyAkula ho U~ce svara se ro ro kahane lagI ki are vidhanA! taine yaha kyA kiyA ? aura bichurI huI haranI ke samAna cAroM ora dekhane lgii| usI samaya taka RSi jo satyadharma meM rata the IMdhana ke liye vahA~ jA nikale / aise vizuddha sthala kama haiN| yaha bhASA bhArateMdu harizcaMdra ke samIpa pahu~catI dikhAI par3atI hai| isameM sAhitya kI acchI jhalaka hai| bhAva-vyaMjana meM bhI koI bAdhA nahIM dikhAI pdd'tii| aise samaya meM jaba ki muMzI sadAsukhalAla, iMzA allAkhA~, lallUjIlAla aura sadala mizra gadya kA nirmANa kara rahe the, IsAiyoM ke dala apane dharma kA pracAra karane kI dhuna meM saMlagna the| ina logoM ne dekhA ki sAdhAraNa janatA jinake bIca unheM apane dharma kA pracAra karanA abhISTa thA adhika par3hI likhI nahIM tho| usakI bolacAla kI bhASA khar3I bolI thI / ataeva ina IsAI pracArakoM ne arabo phArasI milI huI bhASA kA tyAgakara vizuddha khar3I bolI ko grahaNa kiyaa| unhoMne urdUpana ko dUrakara sadAsukhalAla aura lallUjIlAla kI hI bhASA ko prAdarza maanaa| isakA bhI kAraNa thaa| unheM vizvAsa thA ki musalamAnoM meM ve apane mata kA pracAra nahIM kara sakate the| musalamAna svayaM itane kaTTara aura dharmAdha hote haiM ki apane dharma ke Age ve dUsaroM kI nahIM sunate / isake sivA zAhI zAsako ke prabhAva se hiMduoM kI sAdhAraNa avasthA zocanIya thii| ve adhikAMza meM daridra the| ataH Arthika pralobhana meM par3akara IsAI dharma svIkAra kara lete the| ina avasthAoM kA vicAra karake ina IsAI pracArako ne khar3I bolI ko hI grahaNa kiyaa|

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hiMdo kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 201 unheM mAlUma thA ki sAdhAraNa hiMdU janatA, jisameM unheM apanA dharma phailAnA thA, isI bhASA kA vyavahAra karato hai| ____saMvat 1875 meM jaba IsAiyoM kI dharma-pustaka kA anuvAda hiMdI bhASA meM huA taba dekhA gayA ki usameM vizuddha hiMdI bhASA kA hI upayoga huA hai| isa samaya aisI aneka racanAe~ taiyAra huI jinameM sAdhAraNataH grAmINa zabdoM ko to sthAna milA paraMtu prarabI phArasI ke zabda prayukta nahIM hue| 'taka' ke sthAna para "lauM', 'vakta' ke sthAna para 'jUna' 'kamarabaMda' ke liye 'paTukA' kA hI vyavahAra humA hai| kevala zabdoM kA hI pariSkAra nahIM huA varan isa bhASA meM zabdAvalI, bhAvabhaMgI aura DhaMga sabhI hiMdI-vizuddha hiMdI-ke the| etatkAlIna IsAI-racanAoM meM bhASA vizuddha aura parimArjita rUpa meM prayukta huI hai| ina IsAiyoM ne sthAna sthAna para vidyAlaya sthApita kie / inakI sthApita pAThazAlAoM ke liye pAThya pustake bhI sarala paraMtu zuddha hiMdI meM likhI gii| kalakatte aura Agare meM aisI saMsthAe~ nizcita rUpa se sthApita kI gaI, jinakA uddezya hI paThana pAThana ke yogya pustakoM kA nirmANa karanA thaa| ina saMsthAnoM ne usa samaya hiMdI kA bar3A upakAra kiyaa| rAjA zivaprasAda prabhRti hiMdI ke unnAyakoM ke liye anukUla vAtAvaraNa inhIM kI badaulata taiyAra huaa| ina IsAiyoM ne bhUgola, itihAsa, vijJAna aura rasAyana zAstra prabhRti viSayoM kI pustake prakAzita kii| kucha dinoM taka yahI krama calatA rhaa| bAda ko prakAzita pustakoM kI bhASA paryApta rUpa meM parimArjita ho gaI thii| jaise

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nAgarIpracAriNo patrikA "bhaTTa ne pahale yaha bAta likhI hai ki devatAoM ke kukarma sukarma haiM kyoM zAstra ne inako sukarma ThaharAyA hai| yaha saca hai paraMtu hamArI samajha meM inhIM bAtoM se hiMdU zAstra jhUThe Thaharate haiM / aisI bAtoM meM zAstra ke kahane kA kucha pramANa nhiiN| jaise cora ke kahane kA pramANa nahIM jo corI kare phira kahe ki maiM to cora nahIM / pahale avazya hai ki zAstra sudhAre jAya~ aura acche acche pramANoM se ThaharAyA jAya ki yaha pustaka Izvara kI hai taba isake pIche unake kahane kA pramANa hogA / yaha nizcaya jAnA ki yadi Izvara avatAra letA to aisA kukarma kabhI na karatA aura apanI pustaka meM kabhI na likhatA ki kukarma sukarma hai" / 202 Upara kA uddhRta avataraNa saMvat 1806 meM prakAzita eka pustaka kA hai / isakI bhASA se yaha spaSTatayA vidita ho jAtA hai ki isa samaya taka isameM itanI zakti bhA gaI thI ki yogyatApUrvaka vAda-vivAda cala ske| isameM zakti dikhAI par3atI hai / yaha bhASA lacara nahIM hai| isameM bhASA kA vyavasthita rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai| pUrI pustaka isI zailI meM likhI gaI hai| isase yaha pramANita ho jAtA hai ki isa samaya taka bhASA meM ekasvaratA acchI taraha se A gaI thI / sabhI viSayoM kI chAnabIna isameM huI hai / zrataeva yaha kathana pratyukti-pUrNa na hogA ki isakI vyApakatA bar3ha rahI thI / aba yaha kevala kathA kahAnI kI bhASA na rahI, varan tathyAtathya-nirUpaNa, vAda-vivAda aura prAlocanA kI bhASA bhI ho calI / paThana IsAiyoM kA pracAra kArya calatA rahA | khaMDana maMDana kI pustakeM vizuddha hiMdI bhASA meM chapatI rahIM / pAThana kA kArya AraMbha ho cukA thA / pAThazAlAe~ sthApita ho cukI thiiN| urdU ina saMsthAoM meM par3hAne ke liye pustakeM bhI likhI jA rahI thIM /

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 203 isa prakAra vyApaka rUpa meM na sahI, para saMtoSaprada rUpa meM prayAsa kiyA jA rahA thaa| isI samaya sarakAra ne bhI madarase sthApita karane kA Ayojana prAraMbha kiyaa| nagaroM ke atirikta gA~voM meM bhI par3hAne likhAne kI vyavasthA hone lgii| ina sarakArI madarasoM meM a~garejI ke sAtha sAtha hiMdI urdU ko bhI sthAna prApta huaa| yaha AraMbha meM hI likhA jA cukA hai ki jisa samaya musalamAna lekhako ne kucha likhanA prAraMbha kiyA usa samaya brajabhASA aura pravadhI meM hI una logoM ne apane apane kAvyoM kA praNayana kiyaa| isake bAda kucha logoM ne khar3o bolo meM racanAe~ prAraMbha kii| pahale kisI meM bhI yaha dhAraNA na thI ki isI hiMdI ke DhA~ce meM arabI phArasI kI zabdAvalI kA sammizraNa kara eka navIna kAmacalAU bhASA kA nirmANa kara le| paraMtu Age calakara arabI phArasI ke zabdoM kA prayoga khar3I bolI meM kramazaH vRddhi pAne lgaa| zabdoM ke atirikta muhAvare, bhAvavyaMjanA tathA vAktha-racanA kA DhaMga bhI dhIre dhIre badala gyaa| khar3o bolI ke isI badanne hue rUpa ko musalamAna logoM ne urdU ke nAma se pratiSThita kiyaa| ye loga kahane lage ki isa bhASA vizeSa kA apanA svataMtra astitva hai| pahale adAlatoM meM vizuddha phArasI bhASA kA prayoga hotA thaa| pazcAt sarakAra kI kRpA se khar3o bolI kA arabo __ phArasImaya rUpa likhane par3hane kI pradAlatI ___ urdU kI vyApakatA : " bhASAhokara sabake sAmane AyA" / vAsta. vika khar3I bolI kI pragati ko isa parivartana se bar3A vyAghAta phuNcaa| adAlata ke kAryakartAoM ke liye isa navAviSkRta gar3hata yApakatA

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204 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bhASA kA adhyayana anivArya ho gayA, kyoMki isake binA unakA roTI kamAnA duSkara ho gyaa| isa vivazatA se isa urdU kahI jAnevAlI khicar3I bhASA kI vyApakatA bar3hane lgii| aba eka vicAraNIya prazna yaha upasthita huA ki sarakArI madarase meM niyukta pAThya graMthoM kA nirmANa kisa bhASA meM ho, hiMdI khar3I bolI meM ho athavA arabI-phArasI-maya navIna rUpadhAriNI urdU nAma se pukArI jAnevAlI isa khicar3I bhASA meM ? kAzI ke rAjA zivaprasAda isa samaya zikSA vibhAga meM nirIkSaka ke pada para niyukta the| ve hiMdI ke una hitaiSiyoM meM se _ the jo lAkha vighna, bAdhAoM tathA ar3acanoM rAjA zivaprasAda upasthita hone para bhI bhASA ke uddhAra ke liye sadaiva prayatnazIla rhe| isa hiMdI urdU ke jhagar3e meM rAjA sAhaba ne bar3A yoga diyaa| unakI sthiti bar3I vicAraNIya thii| unhoMne dekhA ki zikSA-vibhAga meM musalamAnoM kA dala adhika zaktizAlI hai| prataH unhoMne kisI eka pakSa kA svataMtra samarthana na kara madhyavartI mArga kA pravalaMbana kiyA / nIti bhI unake isa kArya kA anumodana karatI hai| par3hane ke liye pustakoM kA abhAva dekhakara rAjA sAhaba ne svayaM to likhanA prAraMbha hI kiyA, sAtha hI apane mitroM ko bhI protsAhana dekara isa kArya meM saMyojita kiyaa| "rAjA sAhaba jI jAna se isa udyoga meM the ki lipi devanAgarI ho aura bhASA aisI milIjulI rojamarrA kI bola cAla kI ho ki kisI dalavAle ko etarAja na ho|" isI vicAra se prerita ho unhoMne apanI pahale kI likhI pustakoM meM bhASA kA milA julA rUpa rkkhaa| logoM kA

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 205 yaha kahanA ki "rAjA sAhaba kI bhASA vartamAna bhASA se bahuta milatI hai, kevala yaha sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI ora adhika jhukatI hai aura usameM kaThina saMskRta athavA fArasI ke zabda nahIM haiN| unakI saMpUrNa racanAoM meM nahIM caritArtha hotaa| unakI pahale kI bhASA avazya madhyavartI mArga kI thii| isameM unhoMne sthAna sthAna para sAdhAraNa urdU aura fArasI ke tathA arabI ke bhI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI saMskRta ke calate aura sAdhAraNa prayogoM meM AnevAle tatsama zabdoM ko bhI unhoMne liyA hai| isake atirikta 'leve' aise rUpa bhI ve rakha dete the| dekhie-"sivAya isake maiM to Apa cAhatA hU~ ki koI mere mana kI thAha leve aura acchI taraha se jA~ce / mAre vrata aura upavAsoM ke maiMne apanA phUla sA zarIra kA~TA banAyA, brAhmaNoM ko dAna dakSiNA dete dete sArA khajAnA khAlI kara DAlA, koI tIrtha bAkI na rakhA, koI nadI tAlAba nahAne se na chor3A, aisA koI AdamI nahIM ki jisakI nigAha meM maiM pavitra puNyAtmA na tthhruuN"| kucha dina likhane par3hane ke uparAMta rAjA sAhaba ke vicAra badalane lage aura aMta meM Ate pAte ve hameM usa samaya ke eka kaTTara urdU-bhakta ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3ate haiN| usa samaya unameM na to vaha madhyama mArga kA siddhAMta hI dikhAI par3atA hai aura na vicAra hii| usa samaya ve nire urdUdA bane dikhAI par3ate haiM / bhAva-prakAza kI vidhi, zabdAvalI aura vAkya-vinyAsa prAdi sabhI unake urdU DhA~ce meM Dhale dikhAI par3ate haiN| jaise__"isameM arabI, phArasI, saMskRta aura aba kahanA cAhie a~garejI ke bhI zabda kaMdhe se kaMdhA mir3Akara yAnI doza-badoza camaka damaka aura

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206 nAgarIpracAriNo pakiA raunaka pAvai, na isa betartIbI se ki jaisA aba gar3abar3a maca rahA hai, balki eka saltanata ke mAnida ki jisakI hadeM kAyama ho gaI ho aura jisakA iMtiz2Ama muMtaz2ima kI aklamaMdI kI gavAhI detA hai"| ___kyA ghora parivartana hai ! kitanA uthala pathala hai !! eka zailI pUraba ko jAtI hai to dUsarI belagAma pacchima ko bhAgI jA rahI hai| uparyukta avataraNa meM hiMdIpana kA prAbhAsa hI nahIM milatA 'na isa betartIbI se ki' se tathA anya sthAna meM prayukta 'tarIkA usakA yaha rakkhA thA' 'dina dina bar3hAveM pratApa usakA' se vahI gaMdha AtI hai jo pahale iMzAallAha khA~ kI vAkya-racanA meM AtI thii| isake atirikta urdU lekhakoM ke eka varga ke anusAra ve 'pU~jI hAsila karanA cAhie' hI likhA karate the| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki rAjA sAhaba 'sitArehiMda' se 'sitAra-e-hiMda' bana gae the| rAjA zivaprasAda kI isa zailI kA virodha pratyakSa rUpa meM rAjA lakSmaNasiMha ne kiyaa| ye mahAzaya yaha dikhAnA cAhate . the ki binA musalamAnI vyavasthA ke bhI rAjA lakSmaNasiMha 9 khar3I bolI kA astitva svataMtra rUpa se raha sakatA hai| unake vicAra se "hiMdI aura urdU do bolI nyArI nyAro' thiiN| ina donoM kA sammelana kisI prakAra nahIM ho sakatAyahI unakI pakko dhAraNA thii| binA urdU ke daladala meM pha~se bhI hiMdI kA bahuta suMdara gadya likhA jA sakatA hai| isa bAta ko unhoMne svayaM siddha bhI kara diyA hai| unake jo do anuvAda likhe gae aura chape haiM unakI "bhASA sarala, evaM lalita hai aura usameM eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki anuvAda zuddha hiMdI meM ' kiyA gayA hai| yathAsAdhya koI zabda fArasI arabI kA nahIM

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailo kA vikAsa 207 Ane pAyA hai|" "isa pustaka kI bar3I prazaMsA huI aura bhASA ke saMbaMdha meM mAnA phira se logoM kI A~kheM khulii| pUrva ke lekhakoM meM bhASA kA parimArjana nahIM huA thaa| vaha prAraMbha kI avasthA thii| usa samaya na koI zailI thI aura na koI vizeSa uddezya hI thA, jo kucha likhA gayA use kAla kI pragati evaM vyakti vizeSa kI ruci samajhanA cAhie / usa samaya taka bhASA kA koI rUpa bhI nizcita nahIM huA thaa| na usameM koI sthiratA hI AI thii| usa samaya 'muMDe muMDe matirbhinnA' thii| isake sivA sitAra-e-hiMda sAhaba apanI dAraMgI duniyA ke sAtha maidAna meM hAjira hue| inakI cAla dorukhI rhii| ata: inakI isa dorukhI cAla kI vajaha se bhASA avyavasthita hI raha gii| usakA kauna sA rUpa sthira mAnA jAya, isakA patA lagAnA kaThina thaa| ___bhASA ke eka nizcayAtmaka rUpa kA samyaka prasAda hama rAjA lakSmaNasiMha kI racanA meM pAte haiN| kucha zabdoM ke rUpa cAhe beDhaMge bhale hI ho para bhASA unakI eka Dharre para calI hai| "maiMne isa dUsarI bAra ke chApe meM apane jAne saba doSa dUra kara diye haiM;" tathA "jinne", "sunne,""isse", "usse," "vahA~ jAno ki," "jAnnA" "mAnnI" ityAdi vilakSaNa rUpa bhI unakI bhASA meM pAe jAte haiN| 'mujhe ( mujhameM ) yaha to ( itanA to ) sAmarthya hai" "tujhai (tujhako athavA tumako) livAne' Adi sarIkhe prAcIna rUpa bhI prApta hote haiM / kahAvata ke sthAna para 'kahanAvata' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 'avazya sadaiva prAvazyaka' ke sthAna para prayukta hupA hai| itanA saba hote hue bhI bhASA apane svAbhAvika mArga para calo hai|

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208 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA jitanA puSTa aura vyavasthita gadya hameM inakI racanA meM milatA hai utanA inake pUrva ke kisI bhI lekhaka kI racanA meM nahIM upalabdha huA thaa| gadya ke itihAsa meM itanI svAbhAvika vizuddhatA kA prayoga Age kisI ne nahIM kiyA thaa| isa dRSTi se rAjA lakSmaNasiMha kA sthAna tatkAlona gadya sAhitya meM sarvocca hai| yadi rAjA sAhaba vizuddhatA lAne ke liye baddhaparikara hone meM kucha bhI pAgA pIchA karate to bhASA kA prAja kucha aura hI rUpa rhtaa| jisa samaya inhoMne yaha uttara. dAyitva apane sira para liyA vaha samaya gadya sAhitya ke vikAsa ke parivartana kA thaa| usa samaya kI raMca mAtra kI asAvadhAnI bhI eka bar3A anartha kara sakatI thii| inakI racanA meM hameM jo gadya kA nikharA rUpa prApta hotA hai vaha ekAMta udyoga aura kaThina tapasyA kA pratiphala hai| rAjA sAhaba kI bhASA kA kucha namUnA uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai| "yAcaka to apanA apanA vAMchita pAkara prasannatA se cale jAte haiM paraMtu jo rAjA apane aMtaHkaraNa se prajA kA nirdhAra karatA hai nitya vaha ciMtA hI meM rahatA hai| pahale to rAja bar3hAne kI kAmanA citta ko khedita karatI hai phira jo deza jItakara vaza kie unakI prajA ke prati. pAlana kA niyama dina rAta mana ko vikala rakhatA hai jaise bar3A chatra yadyapi ghAma se rakSA karatA hai paraMtu bojha bhI detA hai|" / / isa samaya taka hama dekha cuke haiM ki gadya meM do pradhAna zailiyA~ upasthita thiiN| eka to arabI phArasI ke zabdoM se bharI-purI khicar3I thI jisake pravartaka harizcaMdra rAjA zivaprasAdajI the aura dUsarI vizuddha hiMdI kI zailI thI jisake samarthaka aura unnAyaka rAjA lakSmaNa

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 206 siMha the| abhI taka yaha nizcaya nahIM ho sakA thA ki kisa zailI kA anukaraNa kara usakI vRddhi karanI caahie| sthiti vicAraNIya tho| isa ulajhana ko sulajhAne kA bhAra bhArateMdu harizcaMdra para pdd'aa| bAbU sAhaba hiMdU musalamAnoM kI ekatA ke itane ekAMta bhakta na the| ve nahIM cAhate the ki ekatA kI sImA yahA~ taka bar3hA dI jAya ki hama apanI mAtRbhASA kA astitva hI miTA deN| ve zivaprasAdajI kI urdUmaya zailI ko dekhakara bar3e dukhita hote the| unakA vicAra thA ki eka aisI parimArjita aura vyavasthita bhASA kA nirmANa ho jo paThita samAja meM pratiSThA prApta kara zrAdarza kA sthAna grahaNa kara ske| isa vicAra se prerita hokara bAbU sAhaba isa kArya ke saMpAdana meM Age bar3he aura ghora udyoga ke pazcAt aMtato gatvA unhoMne bhASA ko eka vyavasthita rUpa de hI ddaalaa| bhArateMdu ke isa athaka udyoga ke puraskAra svarUpa yadi unheM 'gadya kA janmadAtA kaheM to anucita na hogaa| unhoMne samajha liyA ki eka aise mArga kA avalaMbana karanA samIcIna hogA jisameM saba prakAra ke lekhako ko suvidhA ho| unheM dikhAI par3A ki na urdU ke tatsama zabdoM se bharI tathA urdU vAkya-racanA-praNAlI se pUrNa ho zailI sarvamAnya ho sakatI hai aura na saMskRta ke tatsama zabdoM se bharIpurI prathAlo ho sarvatra pratiSThA prApta kara sakatI hai| prataH ina donoM praNAliyoM kI madhyastha zailI hI isa kArya ke liye sarvathA upayukta hogii| isameM kisI ko asaMtoSa kA kAraNa na milegA aura isaliye vaha sarvamAnya ho jaaygii| ataH unhoMne ina donoM zailiyoM kA samyaka saMskAra kara eka abhUta ___ 27

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210 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA racanA - praNAlI kA rUpa sthira kiyA / yaha usakA bahuta hI parimArjita aura nikharA rUpa thA / "bhASA kA yaha nikharA huA ziSTa sammAnya rUpa bhArateMdu kI kalA ke sAtha hI prakaTa huA" / isI madhyama mArga kA siddhAMta unhoMne apanI sabhI racanAoM meM rakhA hai / hama yadi kevala inakI gadya-zailI ke navIna aura sthira svarUpa kA hI vicAra kareM to "vartamAna hiMdI kI inake kAraNa itanI unnati huI ki inako isakA janmadAtA kahane meM bhI koI pratyukti na hogI" / isa madhyama mArga ke avalaMbana kA phala yaha huA ki bhArateMdu kI sAdhArayataH sabhI racanAoM meM urdU ke tatsama zabdoM kA vyavahAra nahIM milatA / arabI phArasI ke zabda prayukta hue haiM para bahuta calate / aise zabda jahA~ kucha vikRta rUpa meM pAe gae vahA~ usI rUpa meM rakhe gae, rAjA zivaprasAda kI bhA~ti tatsama rUpa meM nahIM / 'lohU,' 'kaphana,' 'kalejA', 'jAphata, ' 'khajAnA, ' 'javAba' ke nIce nukate kA na lagAnA hI isa viSaya meM pramANa hai / 'jaMgala, ' 'murdA, ' 'mAlUma,' 'hAla,' aise calate zabdoM kA unhoMne barAbara upayoga kiyA hai / idhara saMskRta zabdoM ke tadbhava rUpoM kA bhI bar3I suMdaratA se vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| isa meM unhoMne bola cAla ke vyAvahArika rUpa kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA hai / unake prayukta zabda itane calate haiM ki Aja bhI hama loga unhIM rUpoM meM unakA prayoga apanI nityaM kI bhASA meM karate haiN| ve na to bhadde hI jJAta hote haiM aura na unake prayoga meM koI ar3acana hI upasthita hotI hai / 'bhalemAnasa', 'hiyA', 'gunI', 'Apusa', 'lacchana', 'jotasI', 'A~cala', 'jobana', 'aganita', 'acaraja' ityAdi zabda kitane madhura haiM, ve kAnoM ko . A

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa kiMcit mAtra bhI prakharanevAle nahIM haiN| inakA prayoga bhI bar3I suMdaratA se kiyA gayA hai| ina tadbhava rUpoM ke prayoga se bhASA meM kahIM zithilatA yA nyUnatA prA gaI ho yaha bAta bhI nahIM hai, baran isake viparIta bhASA aura bhI vyAvahArika aura madhura ho gaI hai| isake atirikta inakA prayoga bhI itane sAmAnya aura calate DhaMga se huA hai ki racanA kI adhikatA meM inakA patA bhI nahIM lgtaa| isa prakAra bAbU sAhaba ne donoM zailiyoM ke bIca eka aisA saphala sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA ki bhASA meM eka navIna jIvana A gayA aura isakA rUpa aura bhI vyAvahArika aura madhura ho gyaa| yaha bhArateMdu kI naI udbhAvanA thii| lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM se bhASA meM zakti aura camaka utpanna hotI hai isakA dhyAna bhArateMdu ne apanI racanA meM barAbara rakhA hai, kyoMki inakI upayogitA unase chipI na thii| inakA prayoga itanI mAtrA meM huA hai ki bhASA meM bala prA gayA hai| 'gUMge kA gur3a', 'mu~ha dekhakara jInA', 'bairI kI chAtI ThaMDhI honA', 'aMdhe kI lakar3I', 'kAna na diyA jAnA', 'jhakha mAranA' ityAdi muhAvaro kA unhoMne pracuratA se prayoga kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI bhASA itanI zaktizAlinI aura jIvita hotI thii| bhAva-vyaMjanA meM bhI ina lokoktiyoM ke dvArA bahuta kucha saralatA utpanna ho gii| unakI lokoktiyoM meM kahIM bhI abhadratA nahIM Ane pAI hai, jaisA ki hama paMDita pratApanArAyaNajI mizra kI bhASA meM pAte haiN| jahA~ lokoktiyoM aura muhAvaroM kA prayoga huA hai vahA~ ziSTa aura parimArjita rUpa meM, unameM nAgarikatA kI jhalaka sadaiva vartamAna rahatI thii|

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212 nAgarIpracAriNo patrikA ina vizeSatAoM ke sAtha sAtha unameM kucha paMDitAUpana kA bhI prAbhAsa milatA hai, para unakI racanAoM ke vistAra meM isakA kucha patA nahIM lgtaa| 'bhii| ( huI), 'karake' (kara), 'kahAte haiN| ( kahalAte haiM ), 'Dhako' (Dhako), 'so' ( vaha ), 'hAI (hohI), 'sunai','ka' prAdi meM paMDitAUpana, avadhIpana yA brajabhASApana kI jhalaka bhI milatI hai| isa truTi ke liye hama unheM doSI nahIM ThaharA sakate; kyoMki usa samaya taka na to koI prAdarza hI upasthita huA thA aura na bhASA kA koI vyavasthita rUpa hii| aisI avasthA meM ina sAdhAraNa viSayoM kA samyaka parsAlocana ho hI kaise sakatA thA ? isake atirikta kucha vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI bhUleM bhI unase huI haiN| sthAna sthAna para 'vidyAnurAgitA' (vidyAnurAga ke liye), 'zyAmatAI' ( zyAmatA) pulliMga meM, 'adhIrajamanA' (adhIramanA), 'kRpA kiyA hai' ( kRpA kI hai), 'nAnA deza meM' (nAnA dezoM meM ) vyavahRta dikhAI par3ate haiN| isake liye bhI unako vizeSa doSa nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki usa samaya taka vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI viSayoM kA vicAra huA hI na thaa| isa prakAra bhASA kA parimArjana honA prAge ke liye bacA rahA / isake atirikta eka kAraNa yaha bhI thA ki unheM apane jIvana meM itanA likhanA thA ki vizeSa vicArapUrvaka likhanA nitAMta asaMbhava thaa| kAryabhAra ke kAraNa unakA dhyAna ina sAdhAraNa viSayoM kI ora nahIM jA skaa| kAryabhAra isa bAta kA thA ki abhI taka bhASA sAhitya ke kaI viSayoM kA, jo sAhitya ke prAvazyaka aMga the, prAraMbha taka na huprA thA aura unakI dRSTi bar3o vyApaka bii| unheM

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 213 bhASA sAhitya ke saba aMgoM para kucha kucha masAlA upasthita karanA prAvazyaka thA, kyoMki abhI taka gadya sAhitya kA vikAsa isa vicAra se huA hI na thA ki mAnava-jIvana ke saba prakAra ke bhAvoM kA prakAzana usameM ho| abhI taka likhanevAle gaMbhIra mudrA hI meM bolate the| hAsya vinoda ke manoraMjaka sAhitya kA nirmANa bhI samAja ke liye Avazyaka hai isa ora unake pUrva ke lekhakoM kA dhyAna hI AkarSita na huA thaa| "hiMdI lekhakoM meM bhArateMdu harizcaMdra ne hI pahale pahala gadya kI bhASA meM hAsya aura vyaMgya kA puTa diyaa|" isa prakAra racanA kA zrIgaNeza kara unhoMne bar3A hI stutya kArya kiyA, kyoMki isase bhASA sAhitya meM rocakatA utpanna hotI hai| jisa prakAra pracura mAtrA meM miSTAnnabhojI ko miSTAnna bhakSaNa kI ruci ko sthira rakhane tathA bar3hAne ke liye bIca bIca meM caTanI kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, ThIka usI prakAra gaMbhIra bhASA sAhitya kI cirasthAyitA tathA vikAsa ke liye manoraMjaka sAhitya kA nirmANa nitAMta Avazyaka hai| caTanI ke abhAva meM jaise sera bhara miThAI khAnevAlA vyakti prAdha sera, DhAI pAva miThAI khAne para hI ghabar3A uThatA hai aura bhUkha rahane para bhI jI ke Uba jAne se vaha apanA pUrA bhojana nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra sadaiva gaMbhIra sAhitya kA adhyayana karate karate janasamAja kA citta Uba uThatA hai| aisI avasthA meM vaha 'manaphera' kA sAmAna na pAkara usase eka dama saMbaMdha tyAga baiThatA hai| usameM eka prakAra kI nIrasatA prA jAtI hai| hAsyapradhAna sAhitya ke vikAsa kA dhyAna rakhakara hI unhoMne 'eka adbhuta apUrva svapna' aise lekhoM kA

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214 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA prakAzana kiyA hai| svapna meM prApane eka "gaganagata avidyAvaruNAlaya' kI sthApanA kii| usa avidyA-varuNAlaya kI niyamAvalI sunAte sunAte Apa hAjarIna jalasaha se pharamAte haiM-"aba Apa sajjano se yahI prArthanA hai ki prApa apane apane lar3ako ko bhejeM aura vyaya Adi kI kucha ciMtA na kareM kyoMki prathama to hama kisI adhyApaka ko mAsika deMge nahIM aura diyA bhI to abhI dasa pA~ca varSa pIche dekhA jAyagA / yadi hamako bhojana kI zraddhA huI to bhojana kA baMdhAna bA~dha deMge, nahIM, yaha niyata kara deMge ki jo pAThazAlA saMbaMdhI dravya ho usakA ve saba milakara 'nAma' liyA kreN| aba rahe kevala pAThazAlA ke niyata kie hue niyama so pApako jaldI sunAe detA huuN| zeSa strIzikSA kA jo vicAra thA vaha prAja rAta ko hama ghara pUcha leM taba kheNge|" bhASA bhAva ke anurUpa hotI hai| usI prakAra usakI prakAzana-praNAlI bhI ho jAtI hai| 'baMdhAna bA~dha deMge', 'saba milakara nAma liyA kareM', 'ghara pUMcha leM', ityAdi meM prakAzana-praNAlI kI vicitratA ke atirikta zabda-saMcayana meM bhI eka prakAra kA bhAva vizeSa chipA hai| isI liye kahA jAtA hai ki viSaya kA prabhAva bhASA para par3atA hai| ThIka yahI avasthA bhArateMdu kI usa bhASA kI huI hai jisakA prayoga unhoMne apane gaveSaNApUrvaka manana kie hue tathyAtathya nirUpaNa meM kiyA hai| bhAva-gAMbhIrya ke sAtha sAtha bhASA-gAMbhIrya kA prA jAnA nitAMta svAbhAvika bAta hai| jaba kisI aise mananazIla viSaya para unheM likhane kI mAvazyakatA par3I hai jisameM samyaka vivecana apekSita thA taba unakI bhASA bhI gaMbhIra ho gaI hai| aisI avasthA meM yadi bhASA kA caTa

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 215 paTApana jAtA rahe aura usameM kucha nIrasatA A jAya to koI prAzcarya kI bAta nhiiN| isa prakAra kI bhASA kA pramANa hameM unake usa lekha meM milatA hai jo unhoMne 'nATaka-racanA-praNAlI' para likhA hai| usakA thor3A sA aMza hama udAharaNArtha uddhRta karate haiM "manuSya logoM kI mAnasika vRtti paraspara jisa prakAra adRzya hai hama logoM ke hRdayastha bhAva bhI usI rUpa apratyakSa haiM, kevala buddhi vRtti kI paricAlanA dvArA tathA jagat ke katipaya bAhya kArya para sUkSma dRSTi rakhakara usake anuzIlana meM pravRtta honA par3atA hai| aura kisI upakaraNa dvArA nATaka likhanA makha mAranA hai|" isa lekha kI bhASA meM saMskRta ke tatsama zabda pracura mAtrA meM prayukta hue haiN| tadbhava zabdoM kA prAyaH lopa sA hai| vAkyaracanA bhI durUhavA se barI nahIM hai| bhArateMdu kI sAdhAraNa bhASA se isa lekha kI bhASA kI bhinnatA spaSTa rUpa se lakSita hotI hai| yaha bhASA unakI svAbhAvika na hokara banAvaTI ho gaI hai| isameM madhyama mArga kA siddhAMta nahIM dikhAI par3atA hai| isake atirikta unakI sAdhAraNa bhASA meM jo vyAvahArikatA milatI hai vaha bhI isameM nahIM prApta hotii| unakI anya racanAoM meM eka prakAra kI snigdhatA aura calatApana dikhAI par3atA hai| unakA zabda-cayana bhI sarala aura pracalita hai| jaise-"saMsAra ke jIvoM kI kaisI vilakSaNa ruci hai| koI nema dharma meM cUra hai, koI jJAna ke dhyAna meM masta hai, koI matamatAMvara ke jhagar3e meM matavAlA ho rahA hai| hara eka dUsare ko doSa detA hai apane ko acchA samajhatA hai| koI saMsAra ko hI sarvasva mAnakara paramArtha se cir3hatA hai| koI

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216 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA paramArtha ko hI parama puruSArtha mAnakara ghara bAra tRNa sA chor3a detA hai| apane apane raMga meM saba raMge haiM, jisane jo siddhAMta kara liyA kara liyA hai, vahI usake jo meM gar3a rahA hai aura usI ke khaMDana maMDana meM vaha janma bitAtA hai|" yahI unakI vAstavika zailI hai| bhASA kA kitanA parimArjita aura vyavasthita rUpa hai| isI meM madhyama mArga kA avalaMbana spaSTataH lakSita hotA hai| isameM bhASA kA praur3ha rUpa hai, vAkya-racanA bhalI bhA~ti gar3hI huI aura muhAvaredAra hai| isameM prAkarSaNa bhI hai aura calatApana bhii| choTe choTe vAkyoM meM kitanI zakti hotI hai isakA patA isa uddharaNa se spaSTa laga jAtA hai| aba hameM sAdhAraNa rIti se yaha vicAra karanA hai ki unakA bhAva-zailI ke vikAsa meM kitanA hAtha hai| kucha logoM kA yaha kahanA ki unhoMne jana sAdhAraNa kI ruci ekadama urdU kI ora se haTAkara hiMdI kI ora prerita kara dI thI aMzataH bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki unhoMne 'ekadama' nahIM httaayaa| samyaka vivecana karane para yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki unhoMne kisI bhASA vizeSa kA tiraskAra madhyama mArga kA avalaMbana karane para bhI nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne yahI kiyA ki parimArjana evaM zuddhi karake dUsare kI vastu ko apanI banA lii| isameM ve vizeSa kuzala aura samartha the| unake gadya kI eka puSTa nIMva DAlane se apane Apa hI logoM kI pravRtti rAjA zivaprasAdajI kI arabI fArasI mizrita hiMdI lekhana-praNAlo kI ora se haTa gaI; aura unheM vizvAsa ho gayA ki hiMdI meM bhI vaha jyoti aura jIvana vartamAna hai jo anyAnya jIvita bhASAoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| hA~ usakA ' udyogazIla vikAsa evaM parimArjana Avazyaka hai| isake

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa atirikta yaha kahanA ki "gadyazailI ko viSayAnusAra badalane kA sAmarthya unameM kama thA" dhruva satya nahIM hai| unakA dhyAna isa viSaya vizeSa kI ora thA hI nahIM, anyathA yaha koI bar3I bAta nahIM thii| yadi ve kevala isI ke vicAra meM rahate to Aja aisA kahane kA avasara upasthita na hotaa| unakA dhyAna eka sAtha itane adhika viSayoM para thA ki sabakA eka sA utaranA asaMbhava thaa| svabhAvata: jina viSayoM kA prabho unheM prAraMbha karanA thA athavA jina viSayoM para unhoMne kama likhA una viSayoM ke upayukta bhASA kA samyaka nirdhAraNa ve na kara ske| unake sAmane acche prAdarza bhI upasthita na the| phira apanI racanA kA ve svayaM tulanAtmaka vivecana karate isakA unheM avasara hI na thaa| ataeva unheM isake liye doSI ThaharAnA anyAya hai| bhArateMdujI kI gadya-zailI eka navIna vastu thii| isa samaya unhoMne bhASA kA eka parimArjita aura calatA rUpa sthira kiyA thaa| unakA mahattva isI meM hai ki unhoMne gadya-zailI ko "anizcitatA ke kardama se nikAlakara eka nizcita dazA meM rkhaa| isake liye eka aise hI zaktizAlI lekhaka kI mAvazyakatA thI aura usakI pUrti unakI lekhanI se huii| bhArateMdu ke hI jIvana-kAla meM kaI viSayoM para likhanA prAraMbha ho cukA thaa| unake samaya taka itihAsa, bhUgola, vijJAna, vedAMta ityAdi Avazyaka viSayoM ke katipaya graMthoM kA nirmANa bhI ho cukA thaa| aneka patra patrikAe~ bhI prakAzita ho rahI thiiN| uttarI bhArata meM hiMdI kA prasAra dina dUnA rAta caugunA bar3ha rahA thaa| yaha isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa thA ki aba 29

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218 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA hiMdI bhASA kI vyApakatA bar3hatI jA rahI thii| usameM bala pA rahA thaa| bhAva-prakAzana meM zabdoM kI nyUnatA dina para dina dUra hotI jA rahI thI; kisI bhI viSaya aura jJAna vizeSa para likhate samaya bhAva-vyaMjana meM aisI koI ar3acana nahIM utpanna hotI thI jisakA doSa bhASA kI nirbalatA ko diyA jA sktaa| isa samaya taka logoM ne aneka svataMtra viSayoM para likhanA prAraMbha kara diyA thaa| unheM AdhAra vizeSa kI koI aAvazyakatA na raha gaI thii| bAbU harizcaMdra ne bhASA kA rUpa sthira kara diyA thaa| aba bhASA aura gadya sAhitya ke vikAsa ko AvazyakatA thii| jJAna kA udaya ho cukA thA, aba use paricita rUpa meM lAnA raha gayA thaa| isa kArya kA saMpAdana karane ke liye eka dala bhArateMdujI kI upasthiti meM hI utpanna ho cukA thA / paMDita bAlakRSNa bhaTTa, paMDita badarInArAyaNa caudharI, paMDita pratApanArAyaNa mizra, lAlA zrInivAsadAsa, ThAkura jagamohanasiMha prabhRti lekhaka sAhitya-kSetra meM avatIrNa ho cuke the| usa samaya ke adhikAMza lekhaka kisI na kisI patra-patrikA kA saMpAdana kara rahe the| ina patra. patrikAoM aura ina lekhakoM kI pratibhAzAlI racanAoM se bhASA meM sajIvatA aura praur3hatA Ane lagI thii| usa samaya jitane lekhaka likha rahe the unameM kucha na kucha zailI viSayaka vizeSatA spaSTa dikhAI par3atI thii| yo to sabhI viSayoM para kucha na kucha likhA jA rahA thaa| paraMtu nibaMdha-racanA kA svaccha aura pariSkRta rUpa bhaTTajI tathA mizrajI ne upasthita kiyaa| choTe choTe viSayoM para apane svataMtra vicAra ina logoM ne lipibaddha kie| isa prakAra nibaMdha-racanA

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bAlakRSNa bhaTTa hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 216 kA bhI hiMdI gadya meM samAraMbha huaa| ina logoM ke nibaMdha vAstava meM nibaMdha kI koTi meM Ate haiN| para abhI taka unameM vaiyaktika anubhUti kI samyaka vyaMjanA nahIM hotI thii| yaha prAraMbhika kAla thA ataH puSTatA kA prabhAva rahanA svAbhAvika hI thaa| racanA kA yaha prakAra uttarottara vRddhi pAtA gayA aura avirata rUpa meM Aja taka calA pA rahA hai| kramaza: anubhUti, vyaMjana aura tarka kA samunnaya huaa| jisa samaya paMDita bAlakRSNa bhaTTa ne likhanA prAraMbha kiyA thA usa samaya taka lekhana-praNAlI meM tIna prakAra kI bhASAoM kA upayoga hotA thA-eka to vaha jisake ' pravartaka rAjA zivaprasAdajI the aura jisameM urdU zabda tatsama rUpa meM hI prayukta hote the; dUsarA vaha jisameM anya bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA saMpUrNa bahiSkAra hI sabhIcIna mAnA jAtA thA aura jisake unnAyaka rAjA lakSmaNasiMha the; tIsarA rUpa vaha thA jisakA nirmANa bhArateMdujI ne kiyA aura jisameM madhyama mArga kA avalaMbana kiyA jAtA thaa| isameM 'zabda to urdU ke bhI lie jAte the paraMtu ve yA to bahuta calate hote the yA vikRta hokara hiMdI bane hue| bhaTTajI urda zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH karate the aura vaha bhI tatsama rUpa meN| aisI avasthA meM hama unheM zuddhivAdiyoM meM sthAna nahIM de sakate / kahIM kahIM to ve hameM rAjA zivaprasAda ke rUpa meM milate haiN| jaise "mRtaka ke liye loga haz2AroM lAkhoM kharca kara AlIzAna roje makabare kabra saMgamarmara yA saMgamUsA kI banavA dete haiM, komatI patthara mANika z2amuraMda se unheM pArAstA karate haiM para ve makabare kyA usakI rUha ko utanI rAhata pahu~cA sakate haiM jitanI usake dosta A~sU TapakAkara pahu~cAte haiM ?"

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220 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA unheM bhASA ko vyApaka banAne kI vizeSa ciMtA thii| yaha bAta unakI racanAoM ko dekhane se spaSTa prakaTa hotI hai| a~garejo rAjya ke sAtha sAtha a~garejI sabhyatA aura bhASA kA prAbalya bar3hatA hI jAtA thaa| usa samaya eka navIna samAja utpanna ho rahA thaa| ataeva eka ora to hiMdI zabdakoza kI avyAvahArikatA aura dUsarI ora navIna bhAvoM ke prakAzana kI AvazyakatA ne unheM yahA~ taka utsAhita kiyA ki sthAna sthAna para ve bhAvadyotana kI sugamatA ke vicAra se a~garejI ke zabda hI uThAkara rakha dete the, jaise Character, Feeling, Philosophy, Speech aadi| yahIM taka nahIM, kabhI kabhI zIrSaka taka a~garejI ke de dete the| isake atirikta unakI racanA meM sthAna sthAna para pUrvI DhaMga ke 'samajhAya, bujhAya' Adi prayoga tathA 'adhikAI' jaise rUpa bhI dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa samaya ke prAyaH sabhI lekhakoM meM eka bAta sAmAnya rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai| vaha yaha ki sabhI kI zailiyoM meM unake vyaktitva kI chApa milatI hai| paMDita pratApanArAyaNa mizra aura bhaTTajI meM yaha bAta vizeSa rUpa se thii| unake zIrSako aura bhASA kI bhAvabhaMgI se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha unhIM kI lekhanI hai| bhaTTajI kI bhASA meM mizrajI kI bhASA kI apekSA nAgarikatA kI mAtrA kahIM adhika pAI jAtI hai| unakI 'hiMdI bhI apanI hI hiMdI thii| isameM bar3I rocakatA evaM sajIvatA thii| kahIM bhI mizrajI kI prAmINatA kI jhalaka usameM nahIM miltii| unakA vAyumaMDala sAhityika thaa| viSaya aura bhASA se saMskRti TapakatI hai| muhAvaroM kA bahuta hI muMdara prayoga huA hai| sthAna sthAna para muhAvaroM kI lar3o

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 221 sI guthI dikhAI par3atI hai| ina saba bAtoM kA prabhAva yaha par3A ki bhASA meM kAMti, aoja aura AkarSaNa utpanna ho gyaa| __ unake viSaya-cayana meM bhI vizeSatA thii| sAdhAraNa viSayoM para bhI inhoMne suMdara lekha likhe haiM, jaise kAna, nAka, aA~kha, bAtacIta ityaadi| inakI gRhIta zailI kA acchA udAharaNa inake ina lekhoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| bhASA meM dRr3hatA kI mAtrA dikhAI par3atI hai| muhAvaroM ke suMdara prayoga se eka gaThana vizeSa utpanna ho gaI hai, jaise "vahI hamArI sAdhAraNa bAtacIta kA aisA gharelU DhaMga hai ki usameM na karataladhvani kA koI maukA hai, na logoM ke kahakahe ur3Ane kI koI bAta usameM rahatI hai| hama tuma do prAdamI premapUrvaka saMlApa kara rahe haiN| koI cuTIlI bAta A gaI ha~sa par3e to musakurAhaTa se oThoM kA kevala pharaka uThanA hI isa ha~sI kI aMtima sImA hai| spIca kA uddezya apane sunanevAloM ke mana meM joza aura utsAha paidA kara denA hai| gharelU bAtacIta mana ramAne kA eka DhaMga hai| isameM spIca kI vaha saba saMjIdagI beqadara ho dhakke khAtI phiratI hai|" __isake atirikta bhaTTajI usa gadya kAvya ke nirmAtA haiM jisakA pracAra prAjakala bar3ha rahA hai| kisI kisI viSaya ko lekara padyAtmaka praNAlI se gadya meM likhanA Ajakala sAdhAraNa bAta hai| paraMtu usa samaya isa prakAra likhane meM adhika vicAra karane aura banA banAkara likhane meM samaya lagatA rahA hogaa| bhaTTajI ne isa prakAra ke padyAtmaka gadhoM kI bhI bhAvapUrNa racanA kI hai| isa prakAra kI racanAoM meM kAlpanika vicArazailI kI atyaMta prAvazyakatA par3atI hai| para kalpanA

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222 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA kI daur3a meM bhI hama bhaTTajI ko kisI se poche nahIM dekhate / unake 'caMdrodaya' aura 'A~sU' vAle lekha isake pramANa haiN| jaise kuI kI kaliyoM ko vikasita karate, mRganayaniyoM ke mAna ko samUla unmIlita karate, chiTakI huI cA~danI se dazoM dizAoM ko dhavalita karate, andhakAra ko nikAlate, sIr3hI para sIr3hI zikhara ke samAna AkAzarUpI vizAla parvata ke madhya bhAga meM car3hA calA A rahA hai| ApA-tamasphANu kA haTAnevAlA yaha caMdramA aisA mAlUma hotA hai mAno AkAza mahAsarovara meM zveta kamala khila rahA hai| usameM bIca bIca jo kalaMka kI kAlimA hai so mAno bhaure gUMja rahe haiN| isa prakAra kI bhASA sAmAnya bhASA nahIM kahI jA sakatI, yaha usa kA gar3hA huA rUpa hai, ataH vicAravarddhaka aura vyAvahArika nahIM hai| isa prakAra kI racanA ke atirikta inhoMne bhAvAtmaka lekha bhI likhe haiM; jaise 'kalpanA', 'AtmanirbharatA' aadi| isa prakAra ke lekhoM meM inakI bhASA saMyata evaM suMdara huI hai| sAdhAraNataH dekhane se inakI prabaMdha-kalpanA bar3o hI ucca koTi kI huI hai / bhASA muhAvare ke sAtha bar3I hI rocaka evaM AkarSaka jJAta hotI hai| yoM to inakI racanAoM kA prAkAra utanA vistRta nahIM hai jitanA ki bhArateMdu kA, para kaI aMzoM meM inakA kArya navIna hI rahA / bhaTTajI kA varNana usa samaya taka samApta nahIM kahA jA sakatA jaba taka paMDita pratApanArAyaNa mizra kA bhI varNana na ho jaay| ina donoM vyaktiyoM ne hiMdI pratApanArAyaNa mizra - gadya meM eka navIna prAyojana upasthita kiyA thaa| usakA sphuraNa bhI inhIM logoM ne bhalI bhA~ti . kiyA thaa| mizrajI bhI bhaTTajI kI bhA~ti acche nibaMdha-lekhaka

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 223 kahe jA sakate haiN| inhoMne bhI 'bAta', 'vRddha', 'bhauM', 'dA~ta' ityAdi sAdhAraNa aura vyAvahArika viSayoM para svacchaMda vicAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke viSayoM para likhane se bar3A hI upakAra huaa| nitya vyavahAra meM AnevAlI vastuoM para bhI kucha tathya kI bAte kahI jA sakatI haiM, isakA bar3A hI suMdara aura Adarza rUpa ina choTe choTe nibaMdhoM se prApta hotA hai| unake isa prakAra ke viSayoM para adhika likhane se kucha logoM kI yaha dhAraNA ki 'unakI pratibhA kevala sugama sAhitya kI racanA meM hI prAbaddha rahI aura use apane samaya ke sAhityika dharAtala se U~ce uThane kA kama avakAza milA' nitAMta bhramAtmaka hai; kyoMki 'manoyoga', 'svArtha' aise bhAvAtmaka viSayoM para vicArapUrNa vivecana karanA sAdhAraNa bAta na thii| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki ina viSayoM para unhoMne itanA adhika na likhA ho athavA utanI bhAvuka vyaMjanA na kI ho jitanI ki bhaTTajI ne kI hai| paraMtu jo kucha unhoMne likhA hai acchA likhA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM / hameM unakI lekhana-praNAlI meM eka vizeSa camatkAra milatA hai| saMbhava hai jise loga 'vidagdha sAhitya' kahate haiM usakA nirmANa unhoMne na kiyA ho paraMtu unakI lekhanI ke sAtha sAdhAraNa samAja kI ruci avazya thii| unake lekhoM meM unakI nijI chAyA sadaiva rahI hai| jaisA unakA svabhAva thA vaisA hI unakA viSaya-nirvAcana bhI thaa| isake atirikta unakI racanA meM prAtmIyatA kA bhAva adhika mAtrA meM rahatA thaa| sAdhAraNa viSaya ko sarala rUpa meM rakhakara ve sunanevAle kA vizvAsa apanI ora AkRSTa kara lete the| abhI taka hiMdI

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224 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA par3hanevAloM ke samAja kA samyak prasAra nahIM huA thaa| unakI lekhanI ke ha~samukha svabhAva ne eka navIna..pAThaka-samUha utpanna kiyaa| unhoMne bhaTTajI ke sAtha hAtha milAkara eka sAdhAraNa aura vyAvahArika sAhitya kA AviSkAra kara yaha dikhalA diyA ki bhASA kevala vicArazIla viSayoM ke pratipAdana evaM Alocana ke liye hI nahIM hai, varan usameM nitya ke vyavahRta viSayoM para bhI AkarSaka rUpa meM vivecana saMbhava hai| bhaTTajI ke vicAroM meM inake vicAroM se eka viSaya meM ghora vibhinnatA thii| bhaTTajI ne bhArateMdu kI bhA~ti nAgara sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| paraMtu ye sAdhAraNa jana-samudAya ko nahIM chor3anA cAhate the| isa dhAraNA ke nirvAha ke vicAra se inheM apane bhAva-prakAzana ke DhaMga meM bhI parivartana karanA par3A, dihAtI bhASA evaM muhAvaroM ko bhI apanI racanA meM sthAna denA pdd'aa| ina prayogoM ke kAraNa kahIM kahIM para aziSTatA aura grAmINatA bhI A gaI hai| para mizrajI apane uddezya kI pUrti ke sAmane isa para kabhI dhyAna hI na dete the| yoM to inakI bhASA sAdhAraNa muhAvaroM ke bala para hI calatI thii| ina muhAvaroM ke prayoga se camatkAra kA acchA samA. veza humA hai| kahIM kahIM to inakI jhar3I laga gaI hai| isakA pramANa hameM isa avataraNa meM bhalI bhA~ti milatA hai"DAkakhAne athavA tAraghara ke sahAre se bAta kI bAta meM cAhe jahA~ kI jo bAta ho jAna sakate haiN| isake atirikta bAta banatI hai, bAta bigar3atI hai, bAta pA par3atI hai, bAta jAtI rahatI hai, bAta jamatI hai, bAta ukhar3atI hai, bAta khukhatI hai, bAta chipatI hai, bAta calatI hai, bAta ar3atI hai, hamAre tumhAre

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 225 bhI sabhI kAma bAta hI para nirbhara haiN| bAta hI hAthI pAie bAtahi hAthI paaNv| bAta hI se parAe apane aura apane parAe ho jAte haiN|" bhASA meM muhAvaroM kA prayoga karanA to eka ora rahA, lekhoM ke zIrSaka taka pUre pUre muhAvaroM hI meM hote the| jaise 'kisa parva meM kisakI bana pAtI hai', 'mare kA mAra zAha madAra', ityaadi| inakI bhASA kA rUpa bar3A asthira thaa| apane samaya taka kI pratiSThita bhASA kA bhI ye anusaraNa na kara ske| isa vicAra se inakI zailI bahuta pichar3o raha gii| sAdhAraNataH dekhane para inakI bhASA meM paMDitAUpana aura pUrabIpana jhalakatA hai| 'prAnaMda lAbha karatA hai' 'vanAoge' 'to bhI' 'bAta rahI' (thI) 'zarIra bhare kI' 'cAya kI sahAya se' 'kahA~ taka kahie' 'haiM ke jane' ityAdi se bhASA meM vyavasthA evaM parimArjana kI nyUnatA sUcita hotI hai| isake atirikta inakI racanA meM virAma Adi cihnoM kA prabhAva hai| isase zailI meM avyavasthA utpanna ho gaI hai| sthAna sthAna para to bhAva bhI vikSipta dikhAI par3ate haiN| par3hate par3hate rukanA par3atA hai| bhAva ke samajhane meM bar3I ulajhana upasthita ho jAtI hai| jo vicAra virAma Adi cihnoM ke prayoga se pAThya-sarala banAe jA sakate haiM ve bhI unakI anupasthiti ke kAraNa aspaSTa dikhAI par3ate haiN| mizrajI ke samaya taka ina viSayoM kI kamI nahIM raha gaI thii| zailI meM sthiratA evaM paripakatA pA calI thii| aisI avasthA meM bhI inakI bhASA bar3I avyavasthita aura purAnI hI raha gaI hai| jaise-"para kevala inhIM ke taka meM dUsare ko kucha nahIM, phira kyoM inakI niMdA kI jAya ?" yaha vAkya bilkula aspaSTa hai| 26

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226 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ___ bhASA saMbaMdhI ina truTiyoM ke atirikta vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI bhUleM inhoMne bahuta kI haiN| inakI racanA se vyAkaraNa kI asthiratA spaSTa jhalakatI hai| 'jAtyAbhimAna' 'uparokta' 'pA~ca sAta gharasa meM 'bhASA ityAdi sabhI nirjIva se ho rahe haiM' ityAdi bhUleM inakI racanA meM sAdhAraNata: pAI jAtI haiN| 'prakila kA (ke) kAraNa' 'I' ( haiM hI ) 'ke' (kara) 'mukha ke (se) eka vAra' ityAdi asuvidhAjanaka prayoga bhI adhikatA se milate haiN| ina nyUnatAoM ke kAraNa inakI bhASA truTipUrNa evaM zithila raha gaI hai| paraMtu itanA saba hote hue bhI usameM jo kahane kA AkarSaka DhaMga hai vaha bar3A hI manohara jJAta hotA hai, usameM eka vicitra bA~kApana milatA hai jo dUsare lekhakoM meM nahIM miltaa| inakI racanA meM bhaTTajI kI bhA~ti vaiyaktika chApa spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai| sAdhAraNa rUpa meM bhASA meM bar3I rocakatA hai| ___'yadi sacamuca hidI kA pracAra cAhate ho to Apasa ke jitane kAgaja pattara lekhA jokhA TIpa tamassuka haiN| sabameM nAgarI likhI jAne kA udyoga kro| jina hiMduoM ke yahA~ maulavI sAhaba bisamillAha karAte haiM unake paMDitoM se akSarAraMbha karAne kA upakAra karo cAhe koI ha~se cAhe dhamakAvai jo ho so ho tuma manasA vAcA karmaNA urdU kI lulU dene meM sabaddha ho idhara sarakAra se bhI jhagar3e khuzAmada karo dati nikAlo peTa dikhAno memoriyala bhejo eka bAra dutakAre jAo phira dhanne dharo kisI bhAMti hatotsAha na ho himmata na hAro jo manasArAma kaciyAne lageM to yaha maMtra sunA do......basa phira dekhanA pA~ca sAta barasa meM phArasI chAra sI ur3a jaaygii| nahIM to hotA to paramezvara ke kie hai hama sadA yahI kahA kareMge "pIseM kA cukarA pA kA chItA harana" "ghUre ke lattA

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 227 binai kanAtana kA Daula bA~dhai" hamArI bhI koI sunaigA ? dekheM kauna mAI kA lAla pahale sira uThAtA hai ? isa prakAra kI bhASA mizrajo apanI una racanA meM nahIM prayukta karate the jo adhika vivecanApUrNa hotI thiiN| virAmAdi cihnoM kA tathA bhAvabhaMgI kA to vahI rUpa rahatA thA para zabdAvalI meM aMtara hotA thaa| isake atirikta bhASA bhI bhAva ke anukUla banakara saMyata evaM gaMbhIra ho jAtI thii| . "akasmAt jahA~ par3hane likhane Adi meM kaSTa sahate ho vahA~ mana ko suyogya banAne meM bhI truTi na karo, nA cet divya jIvana lAbha karane meM ayogya raha jaaoge| isase saba kartavyoM kI bhAMti upayukta vicAra kA abhyAsa karate rahanA mukhya kArya samajho to thor3e hI dinoM meM mana tumhArA mitra bana jAyagA aura sarva kAla uttama patha meM vicaraNa karane tathA utsAhita rahane kA use svabhAva par3a jAyagA, tathA daivayoga se yadi koI vizeSa kheda kA kAraNa upasthita hogA jise nitya ke abhyAsa upAya dUra na kara sakeM usa dazA meM bhI itanI ghabarAhaTa to upayogI nahIM jitanI anabhyAsiyoM kI hotI hai kyoMki vicAra zakti itanA avazya samajhA degI ki sukha duHkha sadA aAyA hI jAyA karate haiN|" _ bhArateMdu ke prayAsa evaM bhaTTajI ke tathA mizrajI ke satata udyoga se hiMdI kA gadya sAhitya baliSTha ho calA thaa| usameM . paripakkatA kA prAbhAsa Ane lagA thA, badarInArAyaNa caudharI " bhinna prakAra ke viSayoM kA digdarzana hone 'premaghana' khagA thaa| isa samaya ke gadya kI avasthA usa pakSi-zAvaka ke samAna thI jo abhI sphuraNa zakti kA saMcaya kara rahA ho| isI samaya 'premaghanA jI ne eka navIna rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| bhASA meM balla pA hI rahA thaa| inhoMne usa

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228 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA bala ko dikhAnA prAraMbha kiyaa| bhASA ko sAnuprAsa banAne kA bIr3A uThAnA, usameM alaukikatA upasthita karane kA prayatna karanA, usako svaccha aura divya banAe rakhane kI sAdhanA karanA 'premadhana' hI kA kArya thaa| isakA prabhAva unakI bhASA para yaha par3A ki vaha durUha aura avyAvahArika banane lgii| abhI itanI unnati hone para bhI bhASA kA itanA acchA parimArjana nahIM huA thA ki usameM jaTilatA aura vidvattA dikhAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA jA sktaa| bar3e bar3e vAkya likhanA burA nhoN| paraMtu inake vAkyoM kA prastAra tathA tAtparya-bodhana bar3A durUha hotA thaa| kahIM kahIM to vAkyoM kI durUhatA evaM laMbAI se jI Uba uThatA hai| unameM se eka prakAra kI rukhAI utpanna ho par3atI hai| unakI yaha vAkya-vizAlatA kevala gadya vAkyAtmaka prabaMdhoM meM hI nahIM prAbaddha rahatI thI varan sAdhAraNa racanAoM aura bhUmikA-lekhana taka meM bhI dikhAI par3atI hai| jaise__"prayAga kI bItI yukta prAMtIya mahApradarzinI ke subRhat Ayojana aura usake samAraMbhotkarSa ke AkhyAna kA prayojana nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha svata: vizvavikhyAta hai| usameM sahRdaya darzakoM ke manoraMjana aura kutUhalavardhanArtha jahA~ anya aneka adbhuta aura anokhI krIr3A, kautuka aura vinoda ke sAmagriyoM ke prastuta karane kA prabaMdha kiyA gayA thA, sthAnika suprasiddha prAcIna ghaTanAoM kA aitihAsika dRzya dikhAnA bhI nizcita huzrA aura usake prabaMdha kA bhAra nATyakalA meM parama pravINa prayAga yunivarsiTI ke lA kAleja ke priMsipala zrIyuta misTara Ara0 ke0 sorAbajI ema0 e0 bairisTara-aiTa-lA ko sauMpA gayA, jinhoMne aneka prasiddha aitihAsika ghaTanAoM ko chA~Ta aura unheM eka rUpaka ke rUpa meM lA suvizAla

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailo kA vikAsa 226 samAroha ke sahita unakI lIlA ( pejeMTa) dikhAne ke abhiprAya se kathA prabaMdha racanA meM kucha bhAga kA to svayaM nirmANa karanA evaM kucha meM auroM se sahAyatA lenI sthira kara unapara usakA bhAra arpaNa kiyaa|" / jisa samaya bar3ahara kI rAnI kA korTa Apha vAsa chUTA thA usakA samAcAra inhoMne yo prakAzita kiyA thA___ "divya devI zrImahArAnI bar3ahara lAkha jhaMjhaTa jhela aura cira kAla paryaMta bar3e bar3e udyoga Ara mela se duHkha ke dina sakela acala 'korTa' kA pahAr3a Dhakela phira gaddI para baiTha gii| Izvara kA bhI kaisA khela hai ki kabhI to manuSya para duHkha kI rela pela aura kabhI usI para sukha kI kabola hai|" kitanI sAdhAraNa sI bAta thI paraMtu usakA itanA tUla isa prakAra kI racanA meM saMbhava hai| yaha spaSTa hI jJAta hotA hai ki bhASA hathaur3A lekara bar3I dera taka gar3hI gaI hai| likhanevAle kA abhyAsa bar3ha jAne para isa prakAra bhAva prakAzana meM use vizeSa asuvidhA to nahIM raha jAtI, paraMtu usakI racanA sAdhAraNataH avyAvahArika sI ho jAtI hai| caudharIjI kI bhASA isa viSaya meM pramANa mAnI jA sakatI hai| bhArateMdu kI camatkAra rahita evaM vyAvahArika zailI ke ThIka viparIta yaha zailI hai| isameM camatkAra evaM prAlaMkArikatA kA vizeSa bhAga pAyA jAtA hai| kisI sAdhAraNa viSaya ko bhI bar3hA car3hAkara likhanA isameM abhISTa hotA hai| isa prakAra isakI svAbhAvikatA kA kramAgata hAsa hotA hai aura calatApana naSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ yo to premaghanajI kI racanA meM bhI "pAna par3A', 'karAkara' 'tI bhI' ityAdi milatA hai paraMtu bhASA kA jitanA puSTa rUpa

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230 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA usameM dikhAI par3atA hai vaha stutya hai / unhoMne bhASA ko kAvyocita banAne meM soddezya ceSTA kii| isake atirikta kabhI kabhI avasara par3ane para unhoMne pAlocanAtmaka lekha bhI likhe haiN| inhIM lekhoM ko hama AlocanAtmaka sAhitya kA eka prakAra se prAraMbha kaha sakate haiN| yoM to una lekhoM kI bhASA AlocanA kI bhASA nahIM hotI thI phira bhI unameM viSaya vizeSa kA praveza milatA hai| dhIre dhIre urdU kI tatsamatA kA hrAsa aura saMskRta kI tatsamatA kA prabhAva bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| paMDita badarInArAyaNa caudharI kI racanA meM urdU kI saMtoSazrInivAsadAsa - janaka kamI thI paraMtu lAlA zrInivAsadAsa meM urdU tatsamatA bhI acchI milatI hai| isa kathana kA vAtparya yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki rAjA zivaprasAdajI kI bhA~ti isameM urdU kA prAbalya thaa| aba urdU DhaMga kI vAkya-racanA prAyaH lupta ho rahI thii| urdU zabdoM kA prayoga bhI dina para dina ghaTatA jAtA thaa| isake sivA lAlAjI meM hameM dAraMgI duniyA nahIM dikhAI par3atI, jaisI paMDita bAlakRSNa bhaTTa kI racanA meM thii| inakI bhASA saMyata, subodha aura dRr3ha thii| yoM to inake upanyAsa-parIkSA-guru-aura nATakoM kI bhASAoM meM aMtara hai, paraMtu vaha kevala itanA hI hai ki jitanA kevala viSaya parivartana meM prAya: ho jAtA hai| nATakoM kI bhASA vatkRtA ke anukUla hotI thI aura parIkSA-guru kI bhASA varNanAtmaka huI hai| inameM sAdhAraNataH dillI kI prAMtikatA aura pachAhIpana pratyakSa dikhAI par3atA hai| 'iskI' 'uskI' aura 'usse' hI nahIM varan 'kispara', 'istaraha', 'tispr| aise prayoga bhI pAe jAte

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailo kA vikAsa 231 haiN| inake atirikta ye 'tumho' na likhakara 'tumahI', 'Thahara' na likhakara 'Thera' Adi adhika likhA karate the| vibhaktiyoM kA prayoga bhI prAMtikatA se pUrNa hotA thaa| jaise-'sai' (se) 'maiM' (meM) ityaadi| isake uparAMta 'karai 'dekhe para bhI' 'raheMge' 'jA~tI' 'tahA~' ( vahA~) 'suneM' ityAdi braja ke rUpa bhI sthAna sthAna para prApta hote haiN| '' aura 'ba' ke upayoga kA to inheM kucha vicAra hI na thA / kisI kisI zabda ko bhI ye zAyada bhramavaza azuddha hI likhA karate the| jaise 'dhairya ke liye 'dhIrya yA dhIrya' tathA 'zAMta' ke artha meM 'zAMti' kA prayoga pracuratA se karate the| isake atirikta vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI sAdhAraNa bhUloM kA honA to usa samaya kI eka vizeSatA thii| jaise "pRthvIrAja-(saMyogitA se) pyArI! ..tuma hI merA vaibhava aura tumahI mere sarvasva ho|" "chattIsa varSa meM," aise prayoga sthAna sthAna para barAbara milate haiN| ina saba truTiyoM ke rahate hue bhI bhASA meM saMyama dikhAI par3atA hai| parimArjana kA suMdara rUpa milatA hai| na uchala kUda rahatI hai aura na bhaddA camatkAra hii| sIdhA sAdhA vyAvahArika rUpa hI prayukta huA hai| isa prakAra kI bhASA meM ucca vicAroM kA bhI nidarzana ho sakatA hai aura sAmAnya viSayoM kA bhii| jaise___"aba ina vRttiyoM meM se jisa vRtti ke anusAra manuSya kare vaha usI mela meM ginA jAtA hai| yadi dharma pravRtti prabala rahI to vaha manuSya acchA samajhA jAyagA aura nikRSTa pravRtti prabala rahI to vaha manuSya nIca ginA jAyagA aura isa rIti se bhale bure manuSyoM kI parIkSA samaya pAkara apane Apa ho jAyagI, balki apanI vRttiyoM ko pahacAna

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232 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA kara manuSya apanI parIkSA bhI zrApa kara sakegA / rAjapATa, dhana daulata, vidyA svarUpa vaMza maryAdA se bhale bure manuSya kI parIkSA nahIM ho sakatI / " jagamohana siMha "pRthvIrAja - ( prIti se saMyogitA kI ora dekhakara ) mere nayanoM ke tAre, mere hie ke hAra, mere zarIra kA caMdana, mere prANAdhAra isa samaya isa lokAcAra se kyA prayojana hai ? jaise paraspara ke milApa meM motiyoM ke hAra bhI hRdaya ke bhAra mAlUma hote haiM, isI taraha ye lokAcAra bhI isa samaya mere vyAkula hRdaya para kaThina prahAra haiM / pyArI ! rakSA karo aba taka to tumAre nayanoM kI bANa-varSA se chinakavaca ho maiMne apane ghAyala hRdaya ko samhAlA para aba nahIM samhAlA jAtA / " isa samaya ke gadya sAhitya kA suMdara udAharaNa ThAkura jagamohanasiMha jI kI racanAoM meM prApta hotA hai / ThAkura sAhaba hiMdI sAhitya ke atirikta saMskRta evaM a~garejI bhASA ke bhI pracche jAnakAra the / isakI chApa unakI lekhanI se spaSTa jhalakatI hai / unakI racanAoM meM na to paMDita pratApanArAyaNa kI bhA~ti virAmAdi cihnoM kI avyavasthA milatI hai aura na lAlA zrInivAsadAsa kI bhA~ti mizrita bhASA evaM zabdoM ke aniyaMtrita rUpa hI milate haiM / yoM to 'zAkSI' 'tumheM samarpita hai, 'jise dU~' 'hama kyA kareM' ' cAhatI hai' aura 'ghare haiM' ityAdi pUrvI rUpa milate haiM paraMtu phira bhI bhASA kA jitanA bodhagamya, svAbhAvika, tathA pariSkRta parimANa hameM inakI racanAoM meM prApta hotA hai utanA sAdhAraNataH sAmAnya lekhakoM meM nahIM milatA / ThAkura sAhaba bhI sthAna sthAna para ThIka vaisI hI gadya kAvyAtmaka bhASA kA upayoga karate the jaisI ki hameM bhaTTajI kI Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat .. www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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. hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 233 racanA meM prApta huI thii| zailI ke vicAra se inakI lekhanapraNAlI spaSTa aura alaMkRta hotI tho paraMtu usameM 'premaghana' kI ulajhanavAlI vAkya-racanA nahIM rahatI thii| unakI zailI meM tar3aka bhar3aka na hote hue bhI camatkAra aura anokhApana hai jo kevala unhIM kI vastu kahI jA sakatI hai| usameM eka vyaktitva vizeSa kI jhalaka pAI jAtI hai| saMskRta-jJAna kA upayoga nanhoMne apane zabda-cayana meM kiyA hai| zabdoM kI suMdara sajAvaTa se unakI bhASA meM kAMti A gaI hai| isa kAMti ke sAtha madhuratA evaM saMskRti kA sAmaMjasya hai| jaise "jahA~ ke zallakI vRkSoM kI chAla meM hAthI apanA badana ragar3a ragar3akara khujalI miTAte haiM aura unameM se nikalA kSIra saba vana ke zItala samIra ko suramita karatA hai maMju vaMjulakI latA aura nIla nicula ke nikuMja jinake patte aise ghane ki sUrya ke kiraNoM ko bhI nahIM nikalane dete isa nadI ke taTa para zobhita haiN| aise daMDakAraNya ke pradeza meM bhagavatI citrotpalA jo nIlotpaloM kI jhAr3iyoM aura manohara pahAr3iyoM ke bIca hokara bahatI haiM, kaMkagRddha nAmaka parvata se nikalakara aneka durgama viSama aura asama bhUmi ke Upara se, bahuta se tIrthoM aura nagaroM ko apane puNya jala se pAvana karatI pUrva samudra meM giratI hai|" ___"lo......vaha zyAmalatA thI, yaha usI latA maMDapa ke mere mAnasarovara kI zyAmA sarojinI hai, isakA pAtra aura koI nahIM jise dUM: hA~ eka bhUla huI ki zyAmA-svapna eka 'premapAtra' ko arpita kiyA gyaa| para yadi tuma dhyAna dekara dekho to vAstava meM bhUla nahIM huii| hama kyA kareM tuma Apa cAhatI hai| ki Dhola piTai; Adi hI se tumane guptatA kI rIti eka bhI nahIM nibAhI, hamArA doSa nahIM tumhI vicAro mana cAhe to apanI 'taharIra' aura 'ekabAla' dekha lo daphara ke daphara 30

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234 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA misilabaMdI hokara ghere haiM, apane kahakara badala jAne kI rIti adhika thI isalie 'premapAtra' ko svapna samarpita kara zAkSI banAyA, aba kaise badalogI!" __ bhArateMdu bAbU harizcaMdra ke bAlyakAla meM hI prArya-samAja ke pracAra ne hiMdI kI gadya zailI meM kaI Avazyaka parivartana kie| 1. vAstava meM gadya ke vikAsa ke liye yaha Arya-samAja aura 'pAvazyaka hotA hai ki usameM itanA bala svAmI dayAnaMda zrA jAya ki vAda-vivAda bhalI bhA~ti ho sake, viSaya kA samyak pratipAdana ho ske| yaha usI samaya saMbhava hai jaba ki bhASA meM bala kA saMcAra vyApaka rUpa se hone lge| vAda-vivAda kA hI vizada rUpa vyAkhyAna hai, usameM vAdavivAda kA mananazIla evaM saMyata prAbhAsa rahatA hai| kisI viSaya kA samyaka gaveSaNa karane ke uparAMta baliSTha aura spaSTa bhASA meM jo vicAra-dhArA niHsRta hotI hai usI kA nAma hai vyAkhyAna / isa dharma vicAra ko vyApaka banAne ke liye jo vyAkhyAnoM aura vaktRtAoM kI dhUma macI usase hiMdI gadya ko bar3A protsAhana milaa| isa dhArmika AMdolana ke kAraNa sAre uttarI bhArata meM hiMdI kA prasAra huaa| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki Arya-samAja ke pratiSThApaka svAmI dayAnaMdajI ne, gujarAtI hone para bhI, hiMdI kA hI Azraya liyA thaa| isa cunAva kA kAraNa hiMdI kI vyApakatA thii| astu hiMdI ke pracAra ke atirikta jo prabhAva gadya zailI para par3A vaha adhika vicAraNIya hai| vyAkhyAna athavA vAda-vivAda ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke liye eka hI bAta ko kaI bAra se ghumA phirAkara kahane kI bhI prAvazyakatA hotI hai| sunanevAloM para

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 235 isa rIti ke bhAva-vyaMjana kA prabhAva bahuta adhika par3atA hai| isa prakAra kI zailI kA prabhAva hiMdI gadya para bhI par3A aura yahI kAraNa hai ki gadya kI nitya bhASA bhI isa prakAra kI ho gaI__ "kyA koI divyacanu ina akSaroM kI gulAI, paMktiyoM kI sudhAI aura lekha kI sughar3AI ko anuttama kahegA ? kyA yahI saumyatA hai ki eka sira aAkAza para aura dUsarA sira pAtAla para chA jAtA hai ? kyA yahI jaldapanA hai ki likhA AlUbukhArA aura par3hA ullU bicArA, likhA channU par3hane meM AyA jhabbU / athavA maiM isa viSaya para itanA jora isaliye detA hU~ ki Apa loga soce samajhe vicAreM aura apane nitya ke vyavahAra meM prayoga meM laaveN| isase ApakA naitika jIvana sudharegA, ApameM parokSa kI anubhUti hogI aura hogI deza tathA samAja kI bhlaaii|" __ isake atirikta gadya zailo meM jo vyaMga bhASA kA rucikara rUpa dikhAI par3atA hai vaha bhI isI dhArmika AMdolana kA apratyakSa pariNAma hai| isa Arya-samAja ke pratipAdakoM ko jisa samaya bhinna dharmAvalaMbiyoM se vAda-vivAda karanA par3atA thA usa samaya ye apane dilI gubAroM ko bar3I manoraMjaka, AkarSaka tathA vyaMga bhASA meM nikAlate the| yahI nahIM, varan vAda-vivAda evaM vaktRtAoM ke silasile meM ye loga "sIdho, tIvra aura lakar3ator3a bhASA" kA prayoga karate the| ina saba vizeSatAoM * kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se usa samaya ke gadya-lekhakoM para pdd'aa| bAlakRSNa bhaTTa prabhRti lekhakoM kI racanAoM meM vyAkhyAna kI bhASA kA AbhAsa prakaTa rUpa meM dikhAI par3atA hai| ina saba bAtoM ke atirikta hama yaha dekhate haiM ki nATakoM meM prayukta kathopakathana kI bhASA kA bhI AdhAra yahI vAda-vivAda kI bhASA hai|

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nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA usa samaya nATaka adhika likhe gae aura una nATakoM ke kathopakathana meM jisa bhASA-zailI kA prayoga huA vaha yahI vAda-vivAda kI bhASA-zailI hai| isa prakAra yaha nizcita hai ki isa samaya ke dhArmika AMdolana kA jo rUpa samasta uttarI bhArata meM phailA vaha hiMdI gadya-zailo kI abhivRddhi kA bar3A sahAyaka huaa| jisa bhASA-zailI ko saMyata evaM sughar3a banAne ke liye saikar3oM varSoM kI AvazyakatA hotI vaha isa AMdolana ke uthala-puthala meM avilaMba hI sudhara gii| isI samaya gadya saMsAra meM paMDita goviMdanArAyaNa mizra ke samAna dhuraMdhara lekhaka prAdurbhUta hue| prabhI taka gadya sAhitya - meM pracaMDa pAMDitya kA pradarzana kisI kI goviMdanArAyaNa mizra * zailI meM nahIM huA thaa| yo to paMDita badarInArAyaNa caudharI kI bhASA kA rUpa bhI pAMDityapUrNa evaM gadya-kAvyAtmaka thA, paraMtu unameM utanI dIrgha samAsAMta padAvalI nahIM pAI jAtI jitanI ki mizrajI kI racanA meM pracuratA se prApta hotI hai| inameM gadya-kAvyAtmakatA kI itanI adhikatA hai ki sthAna sthAna para bhAvanidarzana arucikara evaM aspaSTa ho gayA hai| aspaSTa vaha isa vicAra se ho jAtA hai ki vAkya ke aMta taka Ate Ate pAThaka kI smaraNa-zakti itanI bhArAkula ho jAtI hai ki use vAkyAMzoM athavA vAkyoM ke saMbaMdha taka kA dhyAna nahIM raha jaataa| isa prakAra kI racanA kevala darzanIya aura paThanIya hI hotI hai bodhagamya nhiiN| bhASA ke guNa bhI isameM nahIM mila sakate; kyoMki isameM na to bhAvoM kA vinimaya saralatA se ho sakatA hai aura na bhASA bodhagamya hI hotI hai| saMsAra kA koI bhI prANI isa prakAra kI bhASA meM

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 237 vicAroM kA AdAna pradAna nahIM krtaa| svataH lekhaka ko ghaMToM laga jAte haiM paraMtu phira bhI vAkyoM kA nirmANa nahIM ho paataa| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki isa prakAra kA lekhaka likhate likhate itanA abhyasta ho jAtA hai ki use isa vidhi vizeSa se vAkya-racanA meM kuzalatA prApta ho jAtI hai| paraMtu isa racanA ko na to hama gadya kAvya hI kaha sakate haiM aura na kathana kA camatkArika DhaMga hii| yaha to bhASA kI vAstavika paribhASA se kosoM dUra par3a jAtA hai| bhASA kI udbodhana zakti evaM usake vyAvahArika pracalana kA isameM patA hI nahIM lagatA / isa prakAra kI racanA kA yadi eka hI vAkya-samUha par3hA jAya to saMbhava hai ki usakI bAhya AkRti pAMDityapUrNa aura sarasa jJAta ho, paraMtu jisa samaya usake bhAvoM ke samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAyagA usa samaya mastiSka ke Upara itanA bojha par3egA ki thor3e hI samaya meM vaha thakakara baiTha jaaygaa| paramAtmA kI sadicchA thI ki isa prakAra ke pAMDitya pradarzana evaM vAgjAla kI ora lekhakoM kI pravRtti nahIM jhukI, anyathA bhASA kA vyAvahArika tathA bodhagamya rUpa to naSTa ho hI jAtA, sAtha hI sAhitya ke vikAsa para bhI dhakkA lgtaa| isa prakAra kI bhAvanA athavA aruci kA vinAza bhI svAbhAvika hI thA; kyoMki vAstava meM jisa vastu kA AdhAra satya para Azrita nahIM rahatA usakA vikAsa ho hI nahIM sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki mizrajI kI zailI kA prAge vikAsa nahIM ho skaa| mizrajI kI racanA kI eka jhalaka yahA~ dikhAI jAtI hai "jisa sujana samAja meM sahasroM kA samAgama bana jAtA hai jahA~ paThita kovida, kUra, surasika, arasika, saba zreNI ke manuSya mAtra kA samA

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238 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA veza hai, vahIM jisa samaya sukavi, supaMDitoM ke mastiSka sote ke adRzya pravAha - maya pragalbha pratibhA srota se samutpanna kalpanA - kabita abhinava bhAva mAdhurI bharI chalakatI zrati madhura rasIlI srotaHsvatI usa haMsavAhinI hiMdI sarasvatI kI kavi kI suvarNa vinyAsa samutsuka sarasa rasanA rUpI sucamatkArI utsa ( jharane ) se kalarava kala kalita ati sulalita prabala pravAha sA umar3A calA zrAtA, marmajJa rasikoM ko zravaNapuTaraMdhra kI rAha mana taka pahu~ca sudhA se sarasa anupama kAvyarasa cakhAtA hai, usa samaya upasthita zrotA mAtra yadyapi chaMda - baMda se svacchaMda samuccArita zabdalaharI-pravAha-puMja kA sama bhAva se zravaNa karate haiM paraMtu usakA camatkAra zrAnaMda rasAsvAdana sabako svabhAva se nahIM hotA / jisameM jitanI yogyatA hai jo jitanA marmajJa hai aura rasajJa hai zikSA se susaMskRta jisakA mana jitanA adhika sarvAMgasu MdaratAsaMpanna hai, jisameM jaisI dhAraNA zakti aura buddhi hai vaha tadanusAra hI usase sArAMza grahaNa tathA rasa kA AsvAdana bhI karatA hai / apane mana kI svacchatA, yogyatA aura saMpannatA ke anurUpa hI usa camatkArI aparUpa rUpa kA camakIlA pratibiMba bhI usake mana para par3atA hai / parama vadAnya mAnyavara kavi kovida to sudhA - vArida se saba para sama bhAva se khule jI khule hAthoM surasa barasAte haiM, paraMtu surasikka samAja puSpa vATikA kisI prAMta meM patita Usara samAna mUsaracaMda maMdamati mUrkha aura arasikoM ke manamarusthala para bhAgyavaza susaMsarga pratApa se nipatita una sudhA se sarasa bU~doM ke bhI aMtarikSa meM hI svAbhAvika vilIna ho jAne se bicAre usa navelI nava rasa se bharI barasAta meM bhI uttapta pyAse aura jaise the vaise hI zuSka nIrasa par3e dhUla ur3Ate haiM / kavi kovidoM kI komala kalpanA kalitA kamanIya kAMti kI chAyA unake vaise pragAr3ha tamAcchanna malina sana para kaise par3a sakatI hai ?" eka a~garejI bhASA ke Alocaka ne DAkTara jAnasana kI

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hiMdI kI gadya zailI kA vikAsa 236 gadya-zailI kA vivecana karate hue likhA hai ki usameM aisI bhayaMkaratA milatI hai mAno mAMsa ke lothar3e barasa rahe hoN| merA bhI ThIka yahI vicAra mizrajI kI zailI ke saMbaMdha meM hai| inakI zailI meM vAkyoM kI laMbI daur3a aura tatsama zabdoM ke vyavahAra kI burI lata ke atirikta itanI vicitratA hai ki bhayaMkaratA A jAtI hai| upasoM ke anukUla prayoga se zabdArthoM meM viziSTa vyaMjanA prakaTa hotI hai paraMtu jaba vaha vyartha kA ADaMbara banA liyA jAtA hai taba eka vicitra mahApana prakaTa hone lagatA hai| jaise 'paMDita' 'rasa' aura 'lalita' ke sAtha 'su', 'tulya' aura 'uccarita' ke sAtha 'sam' lagAkara ajanavI jAnavara taiyAra karane se bhASA meM asvAbhAvikatA aura avyAvahArikatA bar3hane ke atirikta aura koI bhalAI nahIM utpanna ho sktii| isa saMskRta kI tatsama zabdAvalI tathA samAsAMta padAvalI ke bIca bIca meM tadbhava zabdoM kA prayoga karanA mizrajI ko bar3A priya lagatA thaa| paraMtu tatsamatA ke prakAMDa tAMDava meM becAre 'rAha' 'pahu~ca' 'barasAta' 'mUsaracaMda' 'bUMda' Adi zabdoM kI durgati ho rahI hai| mizrajI sadaiva 'sucA denA 'aneko ghera' aura 'yaha hI' kA prayoga karate the| vibhaktiyoM ko ye kevala zabdoM ke sAtha milAkara likhate hI bhara na the pratyuta unakA prayoga AvazyakatA se adhika karate the| isake phala svarUpa unakI racanA zithila ho jAtI thii| 'bhASA kI prakRti ke badalane meM' athavA 'kisI prakAra kI hAni kA honA saMbhava nahIM thA' meM yaha bAta spaSTa dikhAI par3atI hai| 'bhASA kI prakRti badalane meM' athavA 'kisI prakAra hAni honA saMbhava nahIM thA' likhanA kucha burA na hotaa| "tatva nirNaya kA honA

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240 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA asaMbhava samajhie" meM yadi 'kA' vibhakti tatva ke sAtha lagA dI jAya to bhAva adhika bodhagamya ho jAyagA / isa bhA~ti hama dekhate haiM ki mizrajI kI bhASA cAhe prAnuprAsika hone ke kAraNa zrutimadhura bhale hI lage paraMtu vAstava meM bar3I avyAvahArika evaM banAvaTI hai| unake eka eka vAkya nihAI para rakhakara hathaur3e se gar3he gae jAna par3ate haiN| isa gadya-kAvyAtmaka kahI jAnevAlI bhASA ke atirikta mizrajI apane vicAra se jo sAdhAraNa bhASA likhate the vaha bhI usI DhaMga kI hotI thii| usameM bhI vyAvahArikatA kI mAtrA nyUna hI rahatI thI, utkRSTa zabdAvalI kA prayoga aura tadbhavatA kA prAyaH lopa usameM bhI rahatA thaa| bhAva-vyaMjanA meM bhI saralatA nahIM rahatI thii| DAkTara jAnasana kI grand eloquent snoquipidalian phraseology kA AnaMda hiMdI gadya meM mizrajI kI hI zailI meM milatA hai| jaba ve sAdhAraNa vAdavivAda ke AlocanAtmaka viSaya para bhI likhate the usa samaya bhI unakI bhASA aura zailI usI koTi kI hotI thii| unakI sAdhAraNa vicAra-vivecanA ke liye bhI gaveSaNAtmaka bhASA hI Avazyaka rahatI tho| jaise "sAhitya kA parama sudara lekha likhanevAlA yadi vyAkaraNa meM pUrNa abhijJa na hogA to usase vyAkaraNa kI anekoM azuddhiyA~ avazya hoNgii| vaise hI uttama vaiyAkaraNa vyAkaraNa se vizuddha lekha likhane para bhI alaMkAra-zAstroM ke dUSaNoM se apanA pIchA nahIM chor3A sakatA hai / alaMkAra-bhUSita sAhitya-racanA kI zailI svataMtra hai| isakI abhijJatA upArjana karane ke zAstra bhinna haiM jinake paramottama vicAra meM vyAkaraNa kA azuddhi-viziSTa lekha bhI sAhitya meM sarvottama mAnA

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa jAtA hai| sArAMza yaha ki atyaMta suvizAla zabdAraNya ke anekoM vibhAga vartamAna haiM usameM eka viSaya kI yogyatA vA pAMDitya ke lAbha karane se hI kabhI koI vyakti saba viSayoM meM abhijJa nahIM ho sakatA hai| paraMtu abhAgI hiMdI ke bhAgya meM isa viSaya kA vicAra hI mAnA vidhAtA ne nahIM likhA hai| jina mahAzayoM ne samAcArapatroM meM svanAmAMkita lekhoM kA mudrita karAnA kartavya samajhA aura jinake bahuta se lekha prakAzita ho cuke haiM, sarva sAdhAraNa meM isa samaya ve saba ke saba hiMdI ke bhAgya-vidhAtA aura saba viSayoM ke hI supaMDita mAne jAte haiN| maiM isa bheDiyAdhasAna ko hiMdI kI unnati ke viSaya meM sabase bar3hakara bAdhaka aura bhaviSya meM vizeSa aniSTotpAdaka samajhatA huuN| anadhikAra carcA karanevAle se bAta bAta meM bhrama pramAda saMvaTita hote haiN| nAmI lekhakoM ke bhrama se prazikSita samudAya kI jJAnobati kI rAha meM vizeSa pratibAdhaka par3a jAte haiN| yaha hI kAraNa hai ki tatvadarzI vijJa puruSa apane bhrama kA parijJAna hote hI use prakAzita kara sarva sAdhAraNa kA paramopakAra karane meM kSaNamAtra bhI vilaMba nahIM karate, balki vilaMba karane ko mahA pApa samajhate haiN|" yaha mizrajI kI AlocanAtmaka bhASA kA udAharaNa hai| isameM bhI guNavAcI zabdoM evaM upasagoM kI bharamAra hai| isameM bhI unhoMne kisI bAta ko sAdhAraNa DhaMga se na kahakara apane dravir3a prANAyAma kA hI avalaMbana kiyA hai| "apane lekha chapAe" ke sthAna para "samAcArapatroM meM svanAmAMkita lekho kA mudrita karAnA apanA kartavya samajhA" likhanA hI ve likhanA samajhate the| kisI viSaya ko sAdhAraNa rUpa meM kahanA unheM bilakula acchA na lagatA thaa| nitya kI bolacAla meM ve asAdhAraNa zabdAvalI kA prayoga karate the| maiM to jaba

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242 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA unase milatA aura bAta cIta karane kA avasara pAtA to sadaiva unakI bAteM saceSTa hokara sunatA thA kyoMki mujhe isa bAta kA bhaya lagA rahatA thA ki kahIM kucha samajhane meM bhUla kara aMDabaMDa uttara na de duuN| astu, bhASA kI durUhatA tathA vicitratA ko eka ora rakhakara hameM yaha mAnane meM koI vivAda nahIM hai ki mizrajI ne vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI niyamana meM bar3A udyoga kiyA thaa| yahI to samaya thA jaba ki logoM kA dhyAna vyAkaraNa ke aucitya kI ora khiMca rahA thA aura apanI bhASA saMbaMdhI baTiyoM para vicAra karanA prAraMbha ho rahA thaa| inhoMne vibhaktiyoM ko zabdoM ke sAtha milAkara likhane kA pratipAdana kiyA aura svayaM usI praNAlo kA anusaraNa kiyaa| mizrajI ke ThIka ulaTe bAbU bAlamukuMda gupta the| eka ne apane prakhara pAMDitya kA AbhAsa apane samAsAMta par3oM aura saMskRta kI prakAMDa tatsamatA meM jhalakAyA, bAlamukuda gupta * dUsare ne sAdhAraNa calate urdU ke zabdoM ko saMskRta ke vyAvahArika tatsama zabdoM ke sAtha milAkara apanI urdUdAnI kI gajaba bahAra dikhaaii| eka ne apane vAkyavistAra kA prakAMDa tAMDava dikhAkara mastiSka ko matha DAlA, dUsare ne cubhate hue choTe choTe vAkyoM meM ajaba rozanI ghumaaii| eka ne apane dravir3a prANAyAmI vidhAna se logoM ko vyasta kara diyA, dUsare ne racanA-praNAlI dvArA prakhabArI duniyA meM vaha muhAvaredAnI dikhAI ki par3hanevAloM ke ubhar3ate hue diloM meM tUphAnI gudagudI paidA ho gii| eka ko sunakara logoM ne kahanA zurU kiyA "basa karo ! basa kro|" dUsare ko sunate. hI "kyA khUba ! bhAI jIte raho !! zAbAza !!!'' kI

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 243 AvAjeM Ane lgiiN| isakA kAraNa kevala eka thA, vaha yaha ki eka to apane ko saMsAra se pare rakhakara kevala eka zabdamaya jagat racanA cAhatA thA aura dUsarA vAstavika saMsAra ke hRdaya se hRdaya milAkara vyAvahArika sacA kA AbhAsa denA cAhatA thaa| guptajI kaI varSoM taka urdU samAcArapatra kA saMpAdana kara cuke the| ve urdU bhASA ke acche jJAtA the| unhoMne bhASA ko rucipUrNa banAnA bhalI bhA~ti sIkha liyA thaa| muhAvaroM kA suMdara aura upayukta prayoga ve acchI taraha jAnate the| nitya samAcArapatra kI calavI bhASA likhate likhate inheM isa viSaya meM svAbhAvika jJAna prApta ho gayA thA ki choTe choTe vAkyoM meM kisa prakAra bhAvoM kA nidarzana ho sakatA hai| bIca bIca meM muhAvaroM ke vyApaka prayoga se bhASA meM kisa prakAra jAna DAlanI hotI hai yaha bhI ve bhalI bhA~ti jAnate the| yoM to unakI racanA meM sthAna sthAna para urdU kI abhijJatA kI jhalaka spaSTa pAI jAtI hai, para vaha kisI prakAra Apattijanaka nahIM hai kyoMki pahale to aise prayoga kama haiM, dUsare unakA prayoga bar3e suMdara rUpa meM huA hai| inake vAkya choTe hone para bhI saMgata aura dRr3ha hote the| unameM vicAroM kA nirAkaraNa bar3A hI spaSTa bodhagamya hotA thaa| inhIM kA sahArA lekara guptajI suMdara citroM kA manohara rUpa aMkita karate the| jaise___ "zarmAjI mahArAja bUTI kI dhuna meM lage hue the| sila baTTe se bhaMga ragar3I jA rahI thii| mirca masAlA sApha ho rahA thaa| bAdAma ilAyacI ke chilake utAre jAte the| nAgapurI nAraMgiyA~ chIla chIla

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244 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA kara rasa nikAlA jAtA thA / itane meM dekhA ki bAdala umar3a rahe haiM / itane meM cIleM nIce utara rahI haiM, tabIata bhurabhurA uThI / idhara ghaTA bahAra meM bahAra | vAyu kA vega bar3hA, cIleM zradRzya huI, a~dherA chAyA, bU~deM girane lagIM / sAtha hI tar3atar3a dhar3adhar3a hone lagI, dekho zrole gira rahe haiM / prole thame, kucha varSA huI / bUTI tayAra huI, bama bholA eka loTA bhara car3hAI / ThIka usI samaya lAlaDiggI miMTo ne baMga deza ke bhUtapUrva choTe lATa uDavarna kI ThIka eka hI samaya kalakatte meM yaha do Avazyaka kAma hue / bheda itanA hI thA ki zivazaMbhu ke barAmade ke chata para bU~deM giratI thIM aura lArDa miMTo ke sira yA chAte para / " kaha zarmAjI ne para bar3e lATa mUrti kholI / isase eka samaya sU rulAtI hai "ciMtA-srota dUsarI ora phirA / vicAra zrAyA ki kAla anaMta hai / jo bAta isa samaya hai vaha sadA na rahegI / acchA bhI A sakatA hai| jo bAta zrAja ATha ATha vahI kisI dina bar3A AnaMda utpanna kara sakatI hai / eka dina aisI hI kAlI rAta thI / isase bhI ghora a~dherI bhAdoM kRSNa aSTamI kI ardha rAtri, cAroM ora ghora aMdhakAra-varSA hotI thI bijalI kauMdatI thI ghana garajate the / yamunA uttAla taraMgoM meM baha rahI thI / aise samaya meM eka dRr3ha puruSa eka sadyajAta zizu ko goda meM lie mathurA ke kArAgAra se nikala rahA thA--vaha aura koI nahIM the yaduvaMzI mahArAja vasudeva the aura navajAta zizu kRSNa / vahI bAlaka Age kRSNa huA, brajapyArA huzrA, usa samaya kI rAjanIti kA adhiSThAtA huA / jidhara vaha huA udhara vijaya huI | jisake viruddha hunA parAjaya huI | vahI hiMduoM kA sarvapradhAna avatAra huA aura zivazaMbhu zarmA kA iSTadeva / vaha kArAgAra hiMduoM ke liye tIrtha huA / " ina avatAroM se inakI vyAvahArikatA kA patA laga jAtA

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 245 hai| apane viSaya ko kisa prakAra guptajI choTe choTe paraMtu zaktizAlo vAkyoM meM prakaTa karate the| sthAna sthAna para eka bAta duharA dI gaI hai| isase bhAva-vyaMjanA meM dRr3hatA aura vizeSatA A gaI hai| "jidhara vaha huA udhara vijaya huii| jisake viruddha huA parAjaya huii|" yahA~ kevala eka hI vAkya se abhISTa artha kI pUrti ho sakatI thI; para usa avasthA meM usameM itanA bala saMcArita na hotA jitanA vartamAna rUpa meM hai| inakI bhASA kA prabhAva dekhakara to spaSTa kahanA par3atA hai ki yadi guptajI nATaka likhate to bhASA ke vicAra se avazya hI saphala rhte| kathana praNAlI kA DhaMga vArtika hai| isake atirikta bhASA bhI bar3I parimArjita pAI jAtI hai| zailI bar3I hI calatI aura vyAvahArika hai| kahIM bhI hameM Ubar3a khAbar3a nahIM miltaa| vAkyoM kA utAra car3hAva bilakula bhAva ke anukUla huprA hai| vAstava meM guptajI kI bhASA praur3ha rUpa kI pratinidhi hai| ucca vicAroM kA isa prakAra choTe choTe muhAvaredAra vAkyoM meM aura itanI saralatA se vyakta karanA Ter3hI khIra hai| guptajI Alocaka bhI acche the| bhASA para acchA pradhikAra rahane se unakI AlocanA meM bhI camatkAra rahatA thaa| kisa bAta ko kisa DhaMga se kahanA cAhie isakA vicAra ve sadaiva rakhate the| sAtha hI kathana-praNAlI rUkhI na ho isa vicAra se bIca bIca meM vyaMgya ke sAtha ve vinoda kI mAtrA bhI pUrNa rUpa meM rakhate the| isa prakAra ke lekhoM meM ve paMDita mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI kI bhA~ti bhASA kA khicar3o rUpa hI prayoga meM lAte the| kyoMki ve bhI samajhate the ki isa prakAra unakA

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246 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA lekha sAdhAraNata: adhika vyApaka evaM vyAvahArika ho skegaa| jaise "sarakAra ne bhI kavi-vacana-sudhA kI sau kApiyA~ kharIdI thiiN| jaba ukta patra pAkSika hokara rAjanIti saMbaMdhI aura dUsare lekha svAdhIna bhAva se likhane lagA to bar3A AMdolana macA, yadyapi hAkimoM meM bAbU harizcaMdra kI bar3I pratiSThA thI, vaha AnarerI maijisTreTa niyukta kie gae the tathApi vaha niDara hokara likhate rahe aura sarva sAdhAraNa meM unake patra kA Adara hone lgaa| yadyapi hiMdI bhASA ke premI usa samaya bahuta kama the to bhI harizcaMdra ke lalita lalita lekhoM ne logoM ke jI meM aisI jagaha kara lI thI ki kavi-vacana-sudhA ke hara naMbara ke liye logoM ko TakaTakI lagAe rahanA par3atA thaa| jo loga rAjanItika dRSTi se use apane viruddha samajhate the vaha bhI prazaMsA karate the| duHkha kI bAta hai ki bahuta jalda kucha cugulakhora logoM kI dRSTi usa para pdd'ii| unhoMne kavi-vacana-sudhA ke kaI lekhoM ko rAjadrohapUrita batAyA, dillagI kI bAtoM ko bhI vaha niMdAsUcaka batAne lge| marasiyA nAmaka eka lekha ukta patra meM chapA thA, yAra logoM ne koTe lATa sara viliyama myora ko samajhAyA ki yaha zrApa hI kI khabara lI gaI hai| sarakArI sahA. yatA baMda ho gii| zikSA-vibhAga ke DAirekTara keMpasana sAhaba ne bigar3akara eka ciTThI likhii| harizcaMdrajI ne uttA dekara bahuta kucha samajhAyA bujhAyA / para vahIM yAra logoM ne jo raMga car3hA diyA thA vaha na utarA / yahA~ taka ki bAbU harizcaMdrajI kI calAI "harizcaMdra-caMdrikA" aura "bAlAbodhinI" nAmaka do mAsika patrikAoM kI sau sau kApiyA~ prAMtIya gavanameMTa letI thI vaha mI baMda ho gii|" pratyeka viSaya ke itihAsa meM eka sAmAnya bAva dikhAI

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hiMdI kI gadya zailI kA vikAsa 247 par3atI hai, vaha yaha hai ki kAla vizeSa meM usake bhItara eka aisI avasthA utpanna hotI hai jaba ki akasmAt kucha aise kAraNa upasthita ho jAte haiM jinake kAraNa eka prabala parivartana jAtA hai / ye kAraNa vastutaH kucha dinoM se upasthita rahate haiM, paraMtu avasara vizeSa para hI unase prerita ghaTanA kA visphoTana hotA hai / yahI niyama sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhI ghaTita hotA hai / usameM bhI kisI vizeSa samaya para kaI kAraNoM ke Akasmika saMgharSa se vizeSa ulaTa-phera ho jAtA hai| hiMdI gadya ke dhArAvAhika itihAsa meM san 1800 I0 vAstava meM isI prakAra kA samaya vizeSa thA / yoM vo lekhana- kalA ke prasAra kA zrAraMbha bahuta samaya pUrva hI ho cukA thA, aura atra taka kitane hI pratibhAzAlI lekhaka utpanna ho cuke the jo apanI racanAoM kI vizeSatA kI chApa hiMdI sAhitya para lagA cuke the; paraMtu san 1800 meM nyAyAlayoM meM hiMdI kA praveza, kAzI kI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA dvArA sarakAra kI sahAyatA se hiMdI kI hastalikhita pustakoM kI khoja aura prayAga meM 'sarasvatI' aisI unnatizIla patrikA kA prakAzana eka sAtha hI AraMbha huA / gadya kI vyApakatA kA kramika vikAsa hote dekhakara satarka lekhakoM ke hRdaya meM yaha vicAra utpanna huA ki bhASA kI vyavasthA Avazyaka hai / abhI taka to gadya kA prakAzana hI prakAzana hotA rahA / logoM kA vicAra yahI thA ki bhASA kA kisI prakAra svarUpa sthira ho aura usake Avazyaka viSayoM para kucha na kucha likhA jAya / yahI kAraNa hai ki usa samaya ke pradhAna lekhakoM meM bhI vyAkaraNa kI ghora avahelanA prAya: pAI jAtI hai / guNa

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248 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA vAcaka 'zAMta' ko 'zAMti' bhAvavAcaka saMjJA, aura 'nAnA deza meM'. 'zyAmatAI', 'jAtyAbhimAna', 'uparoktaM', '36 varSa meM', 'icchA kiyA, 'pAzA kiyA' Adi prayoga bhASA vyAkaraNa kI avahelanA ke spaSTa paricAyaka haiN| isa prakAra kI truTiyA~ kucha to pramAdavaza huI haiM aura kucha vyAkaraNa kI ajnyaantaavsh| isake atirikta virAmAdika cihnoM ke prayoga ke viSaya meM bhI isa samaya ke lekhaka vicArahIna the| pratyeka laMbe vAkya ke vAkyAMzoM ke bIca kucha cihnoM kI AvazyakatA avazya par3atI hai, kyoMki inakI sahAyatA se hameM yaha zIghra hI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki eka vAkyAMza kA saMbaMdha dUsare vAkyAMza ke sAtha kisa prakAra kA hai aura usakA sAdhAraNa sthAna kyA hai| ina cihoM ke abhAva meM sadaiva isa bAta kI AzaMkA banI rahegI ki vAkya kA vastutaH abhISTa artha kyA hai| sAtha hI aise avasara upasthita ho sakate haiM ki unakA sAdhAraNa artha hI samajhanA kaThina ho jAya / yadi vyAkaraNa ke isa aMga para dhyAna diyA jAtA to saMbhava hai ki paMDita pratApanArAyaNa mizra kI zailI adhika vyavasthita tathA spaSTa hotii| mizrajI ina cihnoM kA kevala kahIM kahIM prayoga karate the| ina cihnoM ke sAmAnya saMsthAna evaM vyavahAra ke abhAva ke kAraNa unakI bhASA-zailI kI vyAvahArikatA evaM bodhagamyatA naSTa ho gaI hai| gadya ke isa vartamAna kAla meM paMDita mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI kA sthAna bar3e mahatva kA hai| pUrva kAla meM bhASA kI jo .. sAdhAraNa zithilatA thI athavA vyAkaraNamahAvIraprasAda dvivedI / ' saMbaMdhI jo nirbalatA thI usakA parihAra dvivedIjI ke matthe pdd'aa| abhI taka jo jaisA cAhatA thA,

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 24 likhatA rhaa| koI usakI AlocanA karanevAlA na thaa| prataeva ina lekhakoM kI dRSTi bhI apanI truTiyoM kI ora nahIM gaI thii| dvivedIjI aise satarka lekhaka isakI avahelanA na kara sake, ataeva inhoMne una lekhakoM kI racanA-zailI kI mAlocanA prAraMbha kI jo ki vyAkaraNagata doSoM kA vicAra apanI racanAoM meM nahIM karate the| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki loga sa~bhalane lage aura lekhAdi vicArapUrvaka likhe jAne lge| una sAdhAraNa durbalatAoM kA kramazaH nAza hone lagA jinakA ki harizcaMdra kAla meM prAbalya thaa| satarka hokara likhane se virAmAdika cihnoM kA prayoga vyavasthita rUpa meM hone lagA, sAdhAraNata: lekha suspaSTa aura zuddha hone lge| isake atirikta inhoMne gadya-zailI ke vikAsa ke vicAra se bhI stutya kArya kiyaa| isa samaya taka vizeSa vizeSa viSayoM kI zailiyA~ nizcita nahIM huI thiiN| yoM to bhASA bhAva ke anukUla svabhAvataH humA hI karatI hai, paraMtu prAdarza ke liye nizcita svarUpa upasthita karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| yaha kArya dvivedIjI ne kiyaa| bhASA kI vizuddhatA ke vicAra se dvivedIjI udAra vicAra ke kahe jaayeNge| apane bhAva-prakAzana meM yadi kevala dUsarI bhASA ke zabdoM ke prayoga se hI vizeSa bala ke Ane kI saMbhAvanA ho to ucita hai ki ve zabda avazya vyavahAra meM lAe jAyeM / dvivedIjI sAdhAraNataH hiMdI, urdU, a~garejI prAdi sabhI bhASAmoM ke zabdoM ko vyavahAra meM lAte haiN| paraMtu aisA ve sthAna sthAna para upayuktatA ke vicAra se karate haiN| isake atirikta unakA zabda cayana bar3A zaktizAlI aura vyavasthita hotA hai| pratyeka zabda zuddha rUpa meM likhA jAtA hai, aura

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250 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA ThIka usI artha meM jo artha apekSita rahatA hai| inakI vAkyaracanA bhI vizuddha hotI hai| usameM kahIM bhI urdU DhaMga kA vinyAsa na milegaa| zabdoM ke acche upayoga aura gaThana se sabhI vAkya dRr3ha evaM bhAvapradarzana meM spaSTa hote haiN| choTe choTe vAkyoM meM kAMti tathA camatkAra lAte hue gUr3ha viSayoM taka kI samyaka abhivyaMjanA karanA dvivedIjI ke bAe~ hAtha kA khela hai| inake vAkyoM meM aisI uThAna aura pragati dikhAI par3atI hai jisase bhASA meM vahI bala pAyA jAtA hai jo abhibhASaNa meN| par3hate samaya eka prakAra kA pravAha dikhAI par3atA hai| unake vAkyoM meM zabda bhI isa prakAra baiThAe jAte haiM ki yaha spaSTa prakaTa ho jAtA hai ki vAkya ke kisa zabda para kitanA bala denA upayukta hogA; aura vAkya ko kisa prakAra par3hane se usa bhAva kI vyaMjanA hogI jo lekhaka ko abhipreta hai| dvivedIjI ke pUrva ke lekhakoM ko jaba hama vAkya-racanA evaM vyAkaraNa meM aparipakva pAte haiM taba unameM vAkya-sAmajasya khojanA athavA vAkya-samUha kA vibhAjana lathA vinyAsa dekhanA vyartha hI hai| eka viSaya kI vivecanA karate hue usake kisI aMga kA vidhAna kucha vAkya-samUhoM meM aura usa aMga ke kisI eka aMza kA vidhAna eka svataMtra vAkya-samUha meM samyaka rUpa se karanA tathA isa vivecana-paraMparA kA dUsare vAkya-samUha kI vivecana-paraMparA ke sAtha sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA dvivedIjI ne prAraMbha kiyA / isa vicAra se inakI bhASA meM sAmaMjasya kA suMdara prasAra pAyA jAtA hai| usameM anokhApana aura camatkAra A gayA hai| isI ke sAtha

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- hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 251 hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki inakI racanA meM sthAna sthAna para eka hI bAta bhinna bhinna zabdoM meM bAra bAra kahI gaI hai| isase bhAva to spaSTatayA bodhagamya ho jAtA hai para kabhI kabhI eka prakAra kI virakti sI hone lagatI hai| sAdhAraNataH dekhane se hI yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki dvivedIjI ne Adhunika gadyaracanA ko eka sthira rUpa diyA hai| inheMoMne usakA saMskAra kiyA; use vyAkaraNa aura bhASA saMbaMdhI bhUlo se nivRtta kara vizuddha kiyA aura mahAvaroM kA calatI bhASA meM suMdaratA se upayoga kara usameM bala kA saMcAra kiyaa| sArAMza yaha ki inhoMne bhASA-zailI ko eka navIna rUpa dene kI pUrNa ceSTA kii| usako parimArjita, vizuddha evaM camatkArapUrNa banAkara bhI vyavahAra-kSetra ke bAhara nahIM jAne diyaa| bhAva-prakAzana ke tIna prakAra hote haiM-vyaMgyAtmaka, Alo. canAtmaka aura gaveSaNAtmaka / ina tInoM prakAroM ke liye dvivedIjI ne tIna bhinna bhinna zailiyoM kA vidhAna rkhaa| isa prakAra ke kathana kA tAtparya yaha kadApi nahIM hai ki isa prakAra kI zailiyA~ inake pUrva prayukta hI nahIM huI thIM, varan vicAra yaha hai ki unako nizcayAtmaka rUpa athavA sthiratA nahIM prApta huI thii| ina tInoM zailiyoM kI bhASA bho bhinna prakAra kI hai| bhAva ke sAtha sAtha usameM bhI aMtara upasthita huA hai| yaha svAbhA. vika bhI hai| unakI vyaMgyAtmaka zailI kI bhASA ekadama vyAvahArika hai| jisa bhASA meM kucha par3hI likhI, a~garejI kA thor3A bahuta jJAna rakhanalAlI, sAdhAraNa janatA bAtacIta karatI hai, usI kA upayoga isa zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM uchala kUda, vAkya-saralatA, evaM laghutA ke sAtha sAtha bhAva-vyaMjana

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252 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA kI praNAlI bhI sarala pAI jAtI hai| bhASA isakI mAno cikoTI kATatI calatI hai| isameM eka prakAra kA masakharApana kUTa kUTakara bharA rahatA hai| vyaMgya bhAva bhI spaSTa samajha meM pA jAtA hai| isa myunisipailiTI ke ceyaramaina ( jise aba kucha loga kurasImaina bhI kahane lage haiM) zrImAn bUcA zAha haiN| bApa dAde kI kamAI kA lAkhoM rupayA Apake ghara bharA hai| par3he likhe Apa rAma kA nAma hI haiN| ceyaramaina zrApa sirpha isaliye hue haiM ki apanI kAragujArI gavarnameMTa ko dikhAkara Apa rAyabahAdura bana jAye aura khuzAmadiyoM se aATha pahara cauMsaTha ghar3I ghire rheN| myunisipailiTI kA kAma cAhe cale cAhe na cale, ApakI balA se| isake eka meMbara haiM bAbU bakhizazarAya / aApake sAle sAhaba ne phI rupae tIna cAra paMserI kA bhUsA ( myunisipailiTI ko ) dene kA ThIkA liyA hai| ApakA pichalA bila 10 hajAra rupae kA thaa| para kUr3A-gAr3I ke bailoM aura bhaiMsoM ke badana para sivA haDDI ke mAMsa naz2ara nahIM aataa| saphAI ke iMsapekTara haiM lAlA stgurudaas| ApakI isapekRrI ke z2amAne meM, hisAba se kama tanakhvAha pAne ke kAraNa, mehatara loga tIna daphe har3atAla kara cuke haiN| phajUla jamIna ke eka Tukar3e kA nIlAma thaa| seTha sarvasukha usake 3 haz2Ara dete the| para unheM vaha Tukar3A na milaa| usake 6 mahIne bAda myunisipailiTI ke meMbara paM0 satyasarvasva ke sasura ke sAle ke hAtha vahI z2amIna eka haz2Ara para beMca dI gii|" ___ isa vAkya-samUha ke zabda zabda meM vyaMgya kI jhalaka pAI jAtI hai / zabdAvalI ke saMcaya meM bhI kuzalatA hai; kyoMki unakA yahA~ bala vizeSa hai| isake uparAMta jaba hama unakI usa zailI ke svarUpa para vicAra karate haiM jisakA upayoga unhoMne

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hiMdo kI gadya zailI kA vikAsa 253 prAyaH apanI AlocanAtmaka racanAoM meM kiyA hai to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki isI bhASA ko kucha aura gaMbhIra tathA saMyata karake, usameM se masakharApana nikAlakara unhoMne eka sarvAMga navIna rUpa kA nirmANa kara liyA hai / bhASA kA vahI svarUpa aura vahI mahAvaredAnI hai paraMtu kathana kI praNAlI AlocanAtmaka tathA tathyAtathya-nirUpaka hone ke kAraNa usameM gAMbhIrya aura ja jhalakatA hai / jaise "isI se kisI kisI kA qhayAla thA ki yaha bhASA dehalI ke bAz2Ara hI kI badaulata banI hai / para yaha qhayAla ThIka nahIM / bhASA pahale hI se vidyamAna thI aura usakA vizuddha rUpa aba bhI meraTha prAMta meM bolA jAtA hai / bAta sirfa yaha huI ki musalamAna jaba yaha bolI bolane lage taba unhoMne usameM arabI-phArasI ke zabda milAne zurU kara die, jaise ki zrAjakala saMskRta nAnanevAle hiMdI bolane meM zrAvazyakatA se z2iyAdA saMskRta zabda kAma meM lAte haiN| urdU pazcimI hiMdustAna ke zaharoM kI bolI hai / jina musalamAnoM yA hiMdutroM para fArasI bhASA aura sabhyatA kI chApa par3a gaI hai ve, anyatra bhI, urdU hI bolate haiM / basa, aura koI yaha bhASA nahIM bolatA | isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki bahuta se fArasI- arabI ke zabda hiMdustAnI bhASA kI sabhI zAkhAoM meM haiM / apar3ha dehAtiyoM hI kI bolI meM nahIM, kiMtu hiMdI ke prasiddha prasiddha lekhakoM kI parimArjita bhASA meM bhI arabI-phArasI ke zabda zrAte haiM / para aise zabdoM ko aba videzI bhASA ke zabda na samajhanA cAhie / ve zratra hiMdustAnI ho gae haiM aura unheM choTe choTe bacce aura striyoM taka bolatI haiN| unase ghRNA karanA yA unheM nikAlane kI koziza karanA vaisI hI upahAsAspada bAta hai jaisI ki hiMdI se saMskRta ke dhana, vana, hAra aura saMsAra Adi zabdoM ko nikAlane kI koziza zrI gae

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254 nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA karanA hai| a~garez2I meM haz2AroM zabda aise haiM jo laiTina se pAe haiM / yadi koI unheM nikAla DAlane kI koziza kare to kaise kAmayAba ho sakatA hai|" adhikAMza rUpa meM dvivedIjI kI zailI yahI hai| unakI adhika racanAmoM meM evaM mAlocanAtmaka lekhoM meM isI bhASA kA vyavahAra huA hai| isameM urdU ke bhI tatsama zabda haiM aura saMskRta ke bhii| vAkyoM meM bala kama nahIM huA paraMtu gaMbhIratA kA prabhAva bar3ha gayA hai| isa zailI ke saMcAra meM vaha ucchaM khalatA nahIM hai, vaha vyaMgyAtmaka masakharApana nahIM hai jo pUrva ke ava. taraNa meM thaa| isameM zaktizAlI zabdAvalI meM viSaya kA sthiratApUrvaka pratipAdana humA hai; ataeva bhASA-zailo bhI adhika saMyata tathA dhArAvAhika huI hai| isI zailI meM jaba ve urdU kI tatsamatA nikAla dete haiM aura vizuddha hiMdI kA rUpa upasthita karate haiM taba hameM unakI gaveSaNAtmaka zailo dikhAI par3atI hai| yoM to bhAva ke anusAra bhAva-vyaMjanA meM bhI durUhatA A hI jAtI haiM, paraMtu dvivedojI kI lekhana-kuzalatA evaM bhAvoM kA spaSTIkaraNa ekadama svaccha tathA bodhagamya hone ke kAraNa sabhI bhAva sulajhI huI lar3iyoM kI bhAMti pRthaka pRthak dikhAI par3ate haiM / yoM to isa zailI meM bhI do eka urdU ke zabda A hI jAte haiM para ve nahIM ke barAbara haiN| isakI bhASA aura racanA-praNAlI hI cillAkara kahatI hai ki isameM gaMbhIra viSaya kA vivecana ho rahA hai| paraMtu dvivedIjI kI sAdhAraNa zailI ke anusAra yaha kucha banAvaTI prathavA gar3hI huI jJAta hotI hai| jaise___"apasmAra aura vikSiptatA mAnasika vikAra yA roga haiN| unakA saMbaMdha kevala mana aura mastiSka se hai| pratibhA bhI eka prakAra kA

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hiMdI kI gadya-zailI kA vikAsa 255 manovikAra hI hai| ina vikAroM kI paraspara itanI saMlagnatA hai ki pratibhA ko apasmAra aura vikSiptatA se alaga karanA aura pratyeka kA pariNAma samajha lenA bahuta hI kaThina hai| isI liye pratibhAvAn puruSoM meM kabhI kabhI vikSiptatA ke koI koI lakSaNa milane para bhI manuSya unakI gaNanA bAvaloM meM nahIM krte| pratibhA meM manovikAra bahuta hI prabala ho uThate haiN| vikSiptatA meM bhI yahI dazA hotI hai| jaise vikSiptoM kI samama asAdhAraNa hotI hai arthAt sAdhAraNa logoM kI sI nahIM hotI, eka vilakSaNa hI prakAra kI hotI hai, vaise pratibhAvAnoM kI bhI samajha asAdhAraNa hotI hai| ve prAcIna mArga para na calakara nae nae mArga nikAlA karate haiN| purAnI lIka pITanA unako acchA nahIM lagatA / pratibhAzAlI kaviyoM ke viSaya meM kisI ne satya kahA hai lIka lIka gAr3I calai lokahi calai kpuut| binA lIka ke tIna haiM zAyara, siMha, sapUta // jinakI samajha aura jinakI prajJA sAdhAraNa hai, ve sIdhe mArga kA atikramaNa nahIM karate; vikSiptoM ke samAna pratibhAvAn hI AkAzapAtAla phAMdate phirate haiN| isI se vikSiptatA aura pratibhA meM samatA pAI jAtI hai|" ___paMDita mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI taka jitanA hiMdI gadya kA vikAsa ho cukA thA usako dekhane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki sAdhAraNataH bhASA meM lacarapana nahIM raha aMbikAdatta vyAsa ' gayA thaa| usameM praur3hatA A gaI thii| paraMtu paMDita aMbikAdatta vyAsa aise lekhaka, apavAda-svarUpa, isa samaya bhI bhASA kI prAcInatA kA AbhAsa de rahe the| vyAsajI kI bhASA meM jo calatApana aura sAralya thA vaha bar3A AkarSaka thaa| vaktatA kI bhASA meM jo eka prakAra kA bala vizeSa pAyA

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256 nAgaropracAriNI patrikA jAtA hai vaha usameM adhikAMza rUpa meM milatA hai| sthAna sthAna para eka hI bAta ko ve punaH isa prakAra aura isa vicAra se doharA dete the ki usameM kucha vizeSa zakti utpanna ho jAtI thii| yaha saba hote hue bhI unameM truTiyA~ adhika thIM, jo vastuta: bhASA kI usa unnata avasthA ke mela meM na thIM jo unake samaya taka upasthita ho cukI thii| ve abhI taka 'inane', 'unane', 'ke' (kara ), 'so' (ata: athavA vaha ), 'rahaiM', 'cAhaiM', 'bera' ityAdi kA hI prayoga karate the| 'to' aura 'bhArI' kI aisI avyavasthita bharamAra inhone kI hai ki bhASA meM gavArUpana aura zithilatA prA gaI hai| 'virAmAdika cihnoM kA bhI vyavahAra ve ucita sthAna para nahIM karate the| "bhagavAna ke zaraNa," "sUcanA karane (dene ) vAlI", "darzana kie" bho likhate the| isake atirikta sthAna sthAna para vibhaktiyoM ke bhadde athavA avyavahArya prayoga prAyaH milate haiN| jaise-'usI ko divAlI annakUTa hotA hai' ( usI ke liye divAlI meM annakUTa hotA hai)| itanA hI nahIM, kahIM kahIM vibhaktiyoM ko chor3a bhI jAte the; jaise- 'usI nAma le' ( usI kA nAma lekara ) ityAdi / yaha saba vicArakara yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki inakI bhASA bar3I bhrAmaka huI hai| bhrAmaka isa vicAra se ki apane samaya kA yaha spaSTa bodha nahIM karA sakatI / usako par3hakara yaha koI nahIM kaha sakatA ki yaha usa samaya kI bhASA hai jisa samaya gadya meM praur3hatA utpanna ho calI thii| unakI bhASA kA choTA sA avataraNa upasthita kiyA jAtA hai| [ kramazaH

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zrI yaza, alc Philo Ilollere Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat, www.umaragyanbhandar.com