Jaina Gem Dictionary

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Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/011056/1

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INTRODUCTION.
I The idea of this little work suggested itself to me thus : My friend, Jaina Dharma Bhusana Brahmachari Sital Prasadji, passed his rainy season of 1915 with me at Indore. We were translating Tattvarthasutra, Panchastikaya, Samayasara, &c. Everyone, who has had to translate an old technical oriental work into English, knows how difficult it is to find satisfactory equivalents of the words of one language in the other. . Sometimes the task is impossible. Some ideas or view-points are entirely alien to the other language and consequently quite untranslatable into it. I have not been more, : rather less, fortunate than other workers in the same field. It is not without a profound sense of the tentative character of this little Dictionary that I' put it before the public. At first it was prepared merely as a glossary to the English translation of Tallvarthasutra. But as words from Panchastikaya and Samayasara were added to it, it was decided to drop the idea of a glossary and to publish it as a small separate work. For this purpose, the late Syadvada Varidhi Vadi Gaja Kesari Pandit Gopal Dasji Baraiya's Jaina Siddhanta Pravesika was taken up and almost all the words. given in it were translated into the Dictionary. It is important to observe that ordinary words, which can be found in the current Sanskrit-English dictionaries, are kept out of this book.
to drop work. Fora Pand

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Thus the Dictionary contains almost all, and only the most! important, Jaina technical terms. Its utility, I reckon, is considerable. Just now there is a movement in several directions to translate old Jaina texts into English. So far as! India is considered, the movement started in 1904-5, where the Jaina Gazette began to publish the English translation of Almanusasana. Then followed the Purusartha Siddhyupaya by my friend, B. Rickhab Dass, B.A., vakil of Meerut, in the same monthly. My friend, Kumar Devendra Prasadji of Arrah, has started a series of Sacred Books of the Jainas. Its first volume, Dravya Samgraha, by Prof. Sarat Chandra Ghoshal, M.A., B.L., Saraswati, Kavya Tirtha, Vidyabhusana, Bharati is ready. It struck us forcibly that all these different translations might employ different English equivalents for the same Jaina word. This destroys uniformity and causes confusion in the mind of a non-Jaina reader of the works. Therefore it was thought best to put together the most important Jaina technical terms and to try to attempt to give fixity to the meaning in which Jaina philosophy employes them. Of course, it is idle to claim finality in an undertaking of this kind. But so long as a better collection does not replace it, it is hoped that the present work removes a real want and must be most useful to students of Jainism and Jaina Literature. I am thankful to my friends, Babus Hemchandra Sogani, B.Sc., and Sikhar Chandra Jaina, for alphabetical arrangement of the words. INDORE:
J. L. JAINI. . September, 1917.

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JAINA GEM DICTIONARY
д Abâdhita (alreri)-Irrefutable by any other mode
of proof or argument. As that fire is cold,' is refutable by obvious observation; therefore coldness cannot be the area or inference from fire, i.c., it is not waida.
The conclusion must be sound and free from fallacy. Abhâsa (EATHTA)-Fallacy. Abhâşâtmaka ETHIOTCH56) Not uttered by the
mouth. Abhâva (ha)
(1) The non-existence of one substance or thing in another. This is merely a corollary from the famous .. first Law of Thought. All A is A; i,c., no A is non-A; i.e., A never exists in non-A.
(2) Non-existence of a past condition. (3) Privation.
(4) One of the seven Vaiseșika categories. It is a Padúrtha, the knowledge of which is dependent on its
contradictory. Abhavabhậva (THIETA)-The beginning to trans
form the future into the present condition.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Abhavya (EHU)--Incapable of being liberated. : Abhavyatva (Touca)—Incapacity of becoming liber
ated. Abhîkşņajñânopayôga (
E UŞI IFTTTTT)--Ceaseless pursuit of right knowledge. Abhinibodha (THEGTET)-Deduction; reasoning by!
inference. Abhipreta (
E F ) = Işta (q. v.) Abhişava (f a) --Aphrodisiac. Abhiyogya (Eftret) That grade of celestial beings
who provide conveyances to the other grades. Abhyantarakriyâ (ENTRADIT)—-Internal activity;
i.e., am (yoga) soul vibratory aetivity, and 479 (kaşaya)
giving way to the passions, Abrahma (EST)—Unchastity. Âchârâñga (ENERİT)— The first Anga of scriptures. Acharya (Eterf)-The head of an order of saints. Achetanatva (maca)—Unconsciousness, Achitta (EFT)-Lifeless, e.g., matter. Achyavana (45407)—Not falling off from. Achyuta (
E )-The name of the 16th Heaven. Adâna (CTA) —To take ; (to steal).. Âdâna niksepaņa samiti Ectar aqUHHT)
Care in lifting and laying down things.

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Adarsana (ETC.) Slack faith. Adatta (ECT)--Not given. Addhâ Palya (787474)-Equal to innumerable
Uddhâra Palyas (q.v.) Adeśa (ETC)-(From) the standpoint of speech. Âdeya (
ECT)-Dignified and prepossessing appearance. Adhah karana (Ete: Fiu)- It is the totality of
thought-activity of the soul when it is on the point of rising from the 7th to the 8th spiritual stage. It may gain greater purity and radiance than is gained by souls which have been on the point of rising an instant or two before it; or, it may be left behind in point of purity and radiance by souls which have come to the point of rising from the 7th to the 8th stage, after it. This is called the : 4169 (adhal karana), thought. activity.
But where the souls have pure and radiant nevy thought-activity in the order in which they rise from the 7th to the 8th stage, although they begin at some intermediate point simultaneously, they may rise to. gether or slightly more or less quickly, so far as purity and radiance are considered. But those, whose entrance into the 8th stage was successive, never have the same purity and radiance at one and the same time. This is called så 47 (aparva karana), the 8th spiritual stage (9.v.)
In the 9th stage, the souls which enter it at the same instant rise cqually in purity and radiance; but those

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Abhavya (ETHOT) ---- Incapable of being liberated. Abhavyatva (moyce)-Incapacity of becoming liber
ated. Abhiksnajñânopayôga (en itę UşitTutoT)-Cease
less pursuit of right knowledge. Abhinibodha (EHT )—Deduction; reasoning by
inference. Abhipreta (
E UA) = Işta (q. v.) Abhișava (EF )--Aphrodisiac. Abhiyogya (
EFTTT)-That grade of celestial beings who provide conveyances to the other grades. Abhyantarakriyâ (Emerat) ---Internal activity;
i.e., am (yoga) soul vibratory aetivity, and 1414 (kaşaya)
giving way to the passions. Abrahma (158)——Unchastity. Âchârâñga (ENERI)—The first Aiga of scriptures. Âchârya (ER)—The head of an order of saints. Achetanatva ( arica)—Unconsciousness, Achitta (Enfatt) ---Lifeless, e.g., matter. Achyavana (549)— Not falling off from. Achyuta poya)-The name of the 16th Heaven. Âdâna (NIÇIFT)-To take ; (to steal), Adana niksepana samiti (आदाननिक्षेपणसमिति)
Care in lifting and laying down things.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary,
Adarsana (EGA)-Slack faith. Adatta (17)Not given. Addhâ Palya (7 44)-Equal to innumerable
Uddhâra Palyas (q.v.) Âdesa (
EEST)-(From) the standpoint of speech. Âdeya (E )Dignified and prepossessing appearance. Adhah karana (ta: U)--It is the totality of
thought-activity of the soul when it is on the point of rising from the 7th to the 8th spiritual stage. It may gain greater purity and radiance than is gained by souls which have been on the point of rising an instant or tivo before it ; or, it may be left behind in point of purity and radiance by souls which have come to the point of rising from the 7th to the Sth stage, after it. This is called the sa: 10 adhaḥ karana), thoughtactivity.
But where the souls have pure and radiant new thought-activity in the order in which they rise from the 7th to the 8th stage, although they begin at some intermediate point simultaneously, they may rise together or slightly more or less quickly, so far as purity and radiance are considered. But those, whose entrance into the 8th stage was successive, never have the same purity and radiance at one and the same time. This is called má 10 (apúrva karana), the 8th spiritual stage (g.v.)
In the 9th stage, the souls which enter it at the same instant rise equally in purity and radiance; but those

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
who come after can never equal their predecessors in purity and radiance. This is the 9th or the arrivrittikarana stage.
It is by these three ascending stages of pure and enlightened thought-activity that the 21 sub-classes of right-conduct-deluding Karmas are destroyed or made to subside.
This threefold precedence of spirituality occurs also when the 7 or 5 sub-classes (3 or 1 of right-beliefdeluding Karmas, and four error-feeding passions) of Karmas subside or are destroyed in the soul's attaining subsidential or purified right belief in the 4th to the 7th
spiritual stage. Adharma (@ )--A substance which is the medium
of rest to soul and matter. Fulcrum of rest. But it is not matter, although it is not conscious. It is one of
the sis dravyas of Jainism. Adhigama (EUTETTA)-Knowledge derived from ex
ternal sources, e.g., precept, Adhikarana (EireTIRU)--Place; relation; topic, subject. Adhikaraniki (
E ARFAITI) —Having hurtful weapons. Adhôlôka yarati.The nether world. This is 7
râjús deep, under the mount Meru, Adhruva ( a)-Transient; as perception of a flash
of lightning. Adhyavasấya (EETGERT)--- Impure (from the point

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
i :
of view of soul's own nature) thought-activity, as love, 'hatred, delusion, etc. Aditya ( cca)—The second class of Laukântika
heavenly bodies. AgâŅha (NG)-Wavering right belief. Agama (177)--Trustworthy affirmation. It is a
technical term for the Jaina scriptures. Âgamabâdhita (FTTHAETT)—A premiss from which
the conclusion drawn is refutable by scriptural knowledge. As, sin leads to happiness. The Scriptures tell
us that it leads to misery. Âgama bhâva niksepa (ETT HITTC)-Calling
2 soul a knower of something when it is actually
attentive to it. Agama dravya nikṣepa (EITTE COUTEO) Calling
a soul a knower of something to which it is not attentive,
although it knows it. Agamapramâņa (TRY#ru)-Knowledge of things
derived from authoritative books. Aghâtiya (yafat) Non-destructive (Karma); which
does not destroy the essential qualities of the souls. Agnikunâra (f r ) The 5th class of Residential
order of celestial beings. Agrâyaņi pûrva (Tartu The second Pârva
of scriptures.
oks.

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10
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Agurulaghu (1967
(1) Individuality; the quality by which a substance or attribute does not become another, and by which none of the attributes of a substance can ever fall off from it.
(2) Absence of family-determining Karma.
3) Neither too heavy nor too light.
(4) Increase and decrease in various ways in the modifications of all substances. It is a common feature of all dravyas, and this natural feature is to be found in
the mass, and also in an atom. Ahamindra ( firs) (Lit., I am Indra.) The Kal
pâtîta heavenly beings are so called, because they are
all alike as Indras. Âhanika ( 1191) Part of a chapter. Âhâra (EMTETC) --Assimilation of âhâra varganâ, or mole
cules of matter which form the external body. Âhâraka (ENTERT)-Spiritual manlike emanation from
the head of a Saint. It is also the name of the body possessed by one who has studied 14 Pürvas. The saint with such a body goes to resolve some of his doubts to
a Tirthañkara. Âhâraka miśra (TER -âhâraka mixed with
physical body. Âhârarargaņâ ETERUT)-The material molecules
which go to build up the physical, fluid and âhâraka bodies.

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Jaina Gem Dictionar.
18
Ahârya riparyaya Eleri Fagera) glitale in
scriptural knowledge due to the hearing of another's
preaching. Ahinsa (
E ET) Non-injury to any of the 10 vitalities of living beings. Alitabhîrutram ( CHPEG)-Fear of pain-bringing
actions. Ahoratra (ERT)-Day & night = 30 dluhůrta (9:".) Ailaka (Falas)- A layman with only a loin cloth, in the
11th Pratimâ (q...) Airâvata (Beta )-The 7th division of Jambůdrip.. Aitilya (PAE)=Sruta (9.6.) Ajira (esia) Non-Soul. It includes küla, Pudgalâs
tibâya, Dharmastikiya. Adharmâstikaya and Akašâstikaya, it possesses attributes opposcs to those of the Jiva, the principal of these attributes being conscious.
ness. Ajõânamithyâdarśana (EFT THEIGER) - Wrong
belief caused by ignorance. Ajūâuika (ig -agnostics: they are of 67 kinds.
They say that ascetic practices are necessary for salva.
tion and not the knowledge of soul. Ajwal samvakta (EUŞI FRM) - Right belici arising
from faith in discourses of Tirthaikaras. Ajñåta bhêra (SIT HTT)Unintentional character
(of the act).

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12
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Âjūâvichaya (Elşa) Contemplation of the
authority of scriptures. It is the first of Dlarna dhyâna
(q.v.) Âjūâvyâpâdikî (E4510419ffit ---Mis-interpreting
the scriptural injunctions. Akâma nirjarâ (fil# FAGERT)--Equanimous sub
mission to the fruition of Karmas. Âkâśa (78177)—Space. Âkâsagatachûlika (ThyroraaFeat) --The 5th
Châlikâ in the 12th Anga of scriptures. Akaşaya (1973)Without the passions. Akâya (TTT) Non-embodied; Time, the only non
embodied substance. Akiñchana (En -Non-attachment; not taking
the non-Self for the Self. Akinchitkarahetvabhasa (अकिञ्चित्करहेत्वाभास)
A premiss which can prove nothing. The fallacy of
giving inconsequential lictı. Akřiyâvâdî (Enstellaret)-A kind of wrong believers
of 84 kinds. Akriyâvâda is a doctrine teaching that. soul does not exist, or that it does not act, or is not affected by acts. Materialists, Vedantists, followers of Sânkhya and Yoga schools come under some part or
other of this doctrine. Äkşepani (Etaqut-Narration, constructive of truth.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
13
Akşiñasiddhi (EETU LE) - Capacity of making
stores, place, etc., inexhaustible. . Aksipra ( 9) Sensitive knowledge of slowness of
motion. Âlâbu (Ag)-Gourd. Aliñgagrahaņa (EnfiiTTEU)--Not perceptible by the
senses. Âlochana (ENG )-Avagraha (g.v.) Alochana (
EGTET)Full and voluntary confession to the head of the order. Aloka ( Fi)-Beyond the universe. Alokânta (a r ) Up to the end of the universe.
(97) loka consists of 343 cubic râjis; and only here all • the sis dravyas are found. Âlokitapânabhojana (Gla9771616)Tho
roughly seeing to one's food and drink. Alpa (79)-Sensitive knowledge of a thing, one in
number, or little in quantity. Amanaska (E151671)Irrational; vithout a mind. Ambu vâta (ng ara)--Vapour atmosphere. Âmnâya (FPI)--Memorising and proper recitation. Amûdha-dțiști (G E ).- Freedom from inclina
tion for the wrong path. Amûrtatra ( Strica )immateriality.

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. 14
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Amûrtika taiata) - Devoid of colour, taste, smell and
touch; immaterial. Anâbhoga (EFTTTT)- Indifference in putting a thing
down. Anâbhoga nikṣepa (
ETHIT FT9)--Putting a thing down where it ought not to be put. Anadhyavasâya (ECER) Wrong knowledge
caused by carelessness or indifference. Anâdinidhana (EFTEFTETT)–Eternal ; having neither
beginning nor end. Anâdisambandha (ETIC HFFET)—Connection with
out beginning. Anâhâraka (TFTER) -Non-assimilation. That con
dition of the soul in which it does not assimilate the
molecules, of which the external body is formed. Anaikântikahetvâbhâsa nafrati catata)
A premiss which is consistent with the presence, absence
or dubiousness of the conclusion. Anantabhâgahậni (
ETCHTTEIT)-Decrease in or by infinite division or part. Anantabbága vriddhi (TEFANTEI)—Increase in
or by infinite division or part. Ananta chatuştaya (Etrat 21)-Quaternary of
Infinite Knowledge, Conation, Power and Bliss. Anantaguņa (ESFATTU) --- Infinite-fold.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.. 15 Ananta gunabâni (Fra JUETA) —Infinite-fold
decrease, Anantânubandhî kaşâya (Estrateert 721)---
The passions which feed wrong belief; error-feeding
passions. Ananta viyojaka (para torni)-One tho trans
forms the karmic matter of the error-feeding passions
into that of less injurious ones. Ananugâmî (18THT)Visual knowledge limited to
a particular locality. Anapavartya (nya)-An=not, apavartya=cut
short. Anariddhi prâpta (attie 977) -Without super
natural powers. Anarthadanda virati (ATTEUS Facfa-Taking
vow not to commit purposeless sins. Ânata (na)—The name of the 13th Heaven. Anâtmabhậta lakṣaṇa (Tacita JETU)-- Separ.
able accident. Anavasthita (WakeUF) ---Unsteady visual knowledge. Ânayana ( R )-Sending for from beyond the limits. Andaja (91551) Incubatcry; birth from an egg-shell ;
egg-born. Anekânta (para) --Alany-sided vice of Logic.

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Zo
una ем алсынary.
Anekántika hetvabhasa (अनेकान्तिक हेत्वाभास)A fallacy where the hetu is found in pakṣa, sapakṣa, and vipaksa (q. v.) Augabâhya (a)-Those scriptural texts, which are not included in the Añgas are called Añgabâhyas. Añga praviṣṭha (g)—Contained in the 12 Añgas, scriptures. Angâraka ()— The planet Mars, Añgopâñga ()—Limbs and minor limbs. Añgula (5)—Finger. A measure of length, Anidhanam (87)—Without death. Aniḥsrita (f)-Sensitive knowledge of a hidden thing; as, perception of a ship from its funnel above the horizon. Unexposed, hidden.
JU
Anindriya (अनिन्द्रिय) - Mind. Anirdista samsthana (अनिर्दिष्ट संस्थान ) — With no
material form.
Aniṣṭa samyogaja (ang dùn)—The first monomania due to unpleasant association. Anivṛitti karaṇa (ufagia nu)—The 9th spiritual stage of advanced spiritual activity. Also see Adhah karapa.
Aniyata guna paryaya (अनियत गुण पर्याय) - N steadfast in its own attributes and modifications,
Annapána nirodha (अन्नपान निरोध) -Withholding
of food and water.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
17
- Antahkaranarupa upasama (अन्तःकरणरूपउपशम)
-Internal subsidence is that by which the operation of Karmas . (which are to attain fruition in the future) is either hastened before, or retarded till after, the time
of their due maturity. ? Antakriddasâïga (TASHEETIT)- The 8th Aőga of
the scriptures. Antaradvîpaja (facec14)—Inter-continental
Mlechchhas. They live in the islands of Lavaņa Sea
encircling Jambậdvípa. Antarâya karma (FATTE AF-Obstructive Karma, Antarmuhûrta (c )--A measure of time. It
is (1) Jaglanya or minimum and is equal to 1 avals and I samaya and (2) Utkrişta or maximum, which is equal
to 48 minutes minus i samaya, Anubhâga bandha (TTT arat) Bondage as
regards to its fruition being strong or mild. Bandha is the bondage (or assimilation) of karmic matter to the
soul. Anubhâga bandhâdhyavasâya sthana (HTT
FETEJTETT FART)--Degree of passion which determines the intensity of bondage of karmic matter to the
soul.
Anubhaya Yoga (979 911)-- Neutral vibration
activity, i.c., neither true nor false.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Anudiśa (3)—The second set of nine abodes of
'Ahamendras.
Anugami (1)—Accompanying (visual knowledge). It is one of the divisions of Avadhi or visual knowledge. It is so-called because it accompanies the soul.
Anujîvî (goat)—Attributes which co-exist in and
constitute the substance.
Anukampâ (+)-Compassion.
Anukta ()-Sensitive knowledge of a thing not
18
described before.
Anumâna (A)—Inference. It is one of the pramânas accepted by the different Indian schools of philosophy, except the Chârvâkas. Anumânabādhita (अनुमानवाधित) – A premiss from
which the conclusion drawn is refutable by inference. As grass, etc., are made by some one, because they are the result of some one's action. But this is refutable by the inference; grass, etc., are not made by any one; because they are not made by any embodied being, and everything that is not made by an embodied being cannot be made by any one (or has no maker).
Anumati tyága pratima (अनुमति त्याग प्रतिमा)
-The 10th Pratimâ or stage of a layman's life, in which advising on worldly affairs is given up. Anupalabdhi (i)—Establishing an affirmative or negative proposition by a negative middle.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
19
read.
the
of Anuprekşâ (EITTET)—(1) Meditation.
(2) Reflection or meditation on 215. what is read. ul Ânupûrvî (hayat)-Power of retaining, in migration,
the form of the body possessed in the last birth. Anusreņi (Ergafu)-In a straight line, parallel with IT one of the three directions (East-West, North-South,
Up and Down) either way. ___Anuttaraupapadikadasaliga (अनुत्तरोपपादिकदशांग) ot -The 9th Anga of the scriptures. Anuvichibhâsana (
EATEHTU)--Speaking according to scriptures. 1 Aņuvrata (EU )Partial vow. Anuvritti ( 717)-Dravyârthika point of view. No.
tion of generality, as opposed to particularity. * Anvaya (490)--Affirmative logical connection (vyâpli).
Anvayadriştânta (Tata U17)-The observation in
which the premiss and conclusion both inhere; as, smoke
and fire in kitchen. It is positive er dộistânta. Anvayavyatireki (racouscon)-The argument in
the seneta (u dâharana) of whichi, the illustrative or drisțânta portion is both positive and negative. As there is fire on the mountain, because there is snioke on it. For where there is smoke, there is firc, as in the kitchen, etc., and where there is no fire, there is no smoke, as in a tank, well, etc.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Anvayi ()-Co-existing in different stages. Anyatva (a)--Reflection that all else is separate
from me.
20
Anyonyâbhâva (F)—The non-existence in the present condition of one thing, of the present condition of another thing. As in the present condition of the book there is non-existence of the present condi. tion of water. Or the non-existence in the watch, of the lamp. It is denial of the reciprocality between two things.
Apadhyâna (ETA)—Thinking ill of others. Apagama (H) = Avâya (q.v.)
Apagata (a) = Avâya (q.v.)
Apakarṣana ()-Decrease in the duration of Karmas, already bound to the soul.
Apâna (17)-Breathing-out. This is a word tech
nical in Yoga system.
Apanoda (T) = Avâya (q.v.) Apanutta (A) = Avâya (q.v ) Aparâjita (GA)—The 4th Anuttara; a celestial
abode.
Aparyâpta (a)-Non-developable. See Paryâpta. Aparyâpti (f)—The state of dying within one
Antaramuhurta without gaining the capacity to develope fully the characteristic of the body into which the soul incarnates.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary."
Apavâda (gare)-Exception to the general rulē. Apavâya (479)-Avâya (9.v.) Apaviddhi (larg)-Avâya (9.v.) Apavyâdha (9909TE)-Avâya (q.v.) Apâya (779)-1) Destruction (dangerous character)
(2)=Avâya (9.v.) Apâya vichaya (974 fatt) --Contemplation of
means to remove the world's ignorance and misery.
It is the second kind of Dharma dhyâna. Apeta (da)--Avâya (q.v.) Apinda praksiti (
Equs utila- Non.concrete body.making karmic matter. Aprainârjita (
E G A)--Without sweeping. Apramatta virata ( HET — The 7th spiritual
stage ; perfect row. Aprasiddha (
E E ) Asiddha (9.0.) Aprathagbhâta (795)-Non-separate. Apratighâta (Eulaga) Unpreventible. Apratihatadarśana ( EAC3)-Indivisible con.
ation. Apratipâta ( fara)-Alental knowledge which can
not be lost, lasting till it is merged in perfect knowvicdge. Apratişthita pralveka Cafalga 9677) Opposite
of Sapratisthitro pratycka (9.v.)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary
!
Apratyâkhyâna ( UTC )- Partial-vow prevent
ing (passions). Not renouncing what ought to be re.
nounced. Apratyavekşita (Acudi TT)—Without seeing. Apratyavekșita nikṣepa ( UTMA FO)
Putting a thing down without seeing. Apravíchâra (galer) ---Without sexual enjoyment. Apta (91)--The all-knowing and the preacher of Truth.
A learned man in whom we can put trust as to spiritual
matters. Aptavachana ngaga)-Śruta scriptural texts. The
speech of the Lord. Apunarbhava (yaha)-Re-birthlessness. Apûrvakarana T u )—The 8th spiritual stage,
new thought-activity. Also see Adhaḥ karana. Arambha tyâga pratimâ EpiCH ETT ORIHI)
The 8th Pratimâ, giving up means of livelihood, etc. Arana (
E U)--The name of the 15th Heaven, Arati (ra)-Ennui; dissatisfaction. ârâtiya (ENTER)-Same as Âchârya ; authors of the
ten Vaikâlikâs, etc., Sûtras and commentaries, etc. Ardhanârâcha (TSARTET)— Big joints on one side
and bones. A kind of physical characteristic of the body. Ardhapudgala parivartana (अर्घपुल परिवर्तन)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
23
: _Half the time taken by the soul in its embodiments
in all matter. Arhat ( o)-The adorable. Arista (Ette)--The 8th class of Laukântika heavenly
bodies. Ärjava (Ita) ---Straightforwardness; honesty. Arjuna (1 ) Silver. Ârta dhyâna (tra F)-Monomania, painful con
centration. Arthâh ( 91: )-Functions. Arthanaya ( T ) --Standpoint relating to the
object considered. It is the collective name of 4 standpoints Naigama, Sangraha, Vyavahâra and Rijusitra
(2.v.) Arthaparyâya ( eta)--Non-spatial modification,
NIodification in any attribute of a substance, excepting
spatiality. Arthâpatti ( min ) -Presumption, Mimânsakas
believe this to be a separate Pramâņa. Arthâvagraha ( taga)-Perception of a deter.
minable sense-objcct. Aruna ( 50 )-The 4th class of Laukaintika heavenly
bodies. Arunavara ( fuat)--Name of the 9th continent
and ocean.

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24
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Ârya (ET)—Men who care for religion ; noble ; worthy;
any respectable. Arya khanda ( GUS)One of the 6 divisions of
Bharata Kşetra. Ásâdanâ (TEICAT ) - Denying the truth proclaimed
by another by body and speech. Asadbhâva sthâpanâ (TACTA F919777).-See Ata
dâkâra sthipana. Asadbhuta vyavahara naya (असदभूतव्यवहारनय)
-Non-substantive practical standpoint. To take for one indivisible entity things which in reality are distinct and separate as substances, e.g., to take the body as mine. The body is material and essentially different and
distinct from the soul. Asadvedya (THE )--Karmic matter which brings
feeling of pain. Asamarthakâraņa ( OTO) - Opposite of
Samarthakâraņa (q.0.) Asambhava ( Tita )-Obviously contradictory to
the evidence of senses or to inference or to any other
kind of knowledge. Asambhavadoņa ( hacia )--That in which the
differentia is impossible. Asamîkşyâdhikarana (WHTIARU)--Over
doing a thing

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
25
• Asamkhyuta bhaga hani (Tieu HienT)
-Decrease in or by innumerable division or part. Asamkhyâtabhâgavriddhi ( T ara High )
-Increase in or by innumerable division or part. Asamkhyata gunahani (असंख्यात गुणहानि )
Innumerable fold decrease. Asamkhyatagunavriddhi (असंख्यातगुणवृद्धि )
Innumerable fold increase. Asamprapta sripatika. samhanana (असंप्राप्तस्पा
feat TETIGT )--Bones with no joints but having only ligatures. A kind of physical constitution of the body. Diarthrodial articulation, in which bones may be more or less freely moveable, when the articular surfaces are covered with smooth cartilage, and surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Most of the joints of the human body
are of this form. Asamyama ( FÁTH )--Non-control. Asamyata ( 14 )--Vowlessness ; vowless. Asasjñî ( #şit )--Irrational, without a mind. Asañkhyeyaguņam ( cATTU ) -Innumerable
times. Asarana ( 1U )--Unprotectiveness; helplessness. Ašarira (erit )-Disenibodied souls ;-siddha (9. v.) Asarvaparyâya ( duara )--Not in all modifica
tions (Asarva, not all.)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary."
Asat (777)--Unreal ; untrue ; not existing; something
which never existed. Asatyamanoyoga (EUHATUTIT ) --False mental
activity. Asatyavachana yoga ( TECH aan ) ---False
speech. Asiddha ( e )
(1) Unliberated; imperfect, (2) That which is not ascertained and proved so far as
the other party is concerned, i.e., it is waste of time to prove what the other party already holds as
proved. Asiddha hetvâbhâsa (El EcaTATE)--A premiss
which is impossible and can never be established ; or the truth of which 'is doubtful. As, sound is material, because it is the subject matter of the eye. Here the
reason ana (sadhana) given is absurd. Asrava (TEC)-inflow of karmic matter into the soul.
It is of two kinds. The vibrations which draw the mat: ter are Bhâvâsrava and the matter drawn is called
Dravya asrava. Asteya ( TEST )--Theft ; taking what is not given. Astikâya ( Erectilu ) --Embodied substance. Âstikya (ETFE8727 ) ---Belief in the principles of Truth. Astinasti pravada purva (अस्तिनास्ति प्रवाद पूर्व)
-The 4th Parva of the scriptures.

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,"
· Jaina Gem Dictionarý. 27 Astitva (terra) —Being; is-ness; permanence"; consist
ing of its own isness. Asubha taijasa (TH AGTE)— Mlaleficent electric
body, emanating from an angry saint. Aśuchi (yle)--Impurity. Asurakumâra (TER ETC)--The first class of Resi.
dential order of celestial beings; called kumâra, because
of their perpetual youth and youthful actions. A-sva-samvidita (Falas)-Knowledge by
which the Self cannot be known. Atadâkâra sthậpanâ (9Gtak 491471) ---Repre.
sentation by a dissimilar figure. Âtapa ET49)--Body from which'warmth flows to others. Atîchâra (FileNC) - Defect ; partial transgression. Atíndriya (yalfçu)-Supra-sensual.. Atisarga (FFH)-Giving up. Atisaya (fage) Supernatural manifestation. Atithi samvibhâga (ang sila HTT)-Feeding the
ascetics with a part of one's food. It is one of the Vra
tas taken by a laynian. Ativyâpti Founta)-The logical defect when the
differentia is 100-wide. Ativyâptidoşa (sognato).A differential attri.
bute which is found in the class; but also in some other class. As to say cow's nre horned. True; but buffaloes

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28.
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
and stags are also horned. It is to confound an inseparable accident with differentia. The definition is too
wide. Ātmabhâta lakşaņa (Tha TTU)--Inseparable
differentia. Âtmapravâda (ArchTag)—The 7th Pârva of scrip
tures. Atyantâbhâva curata)-The eternal non-exist
ence in one substance of another substance. As that of soul in matter, and vice versâ. It is different from anyonyibhava (अन्योन्याभाय) which has to depend on a संयोग or that relation, and has its contradictory determined by
some connection. Audârika (
CCT ) – External physical (body). Audârikamiśra (SIGTR SHA)--Physical mixed with
karmic body. Audayika bhâva (UTERI HTT)-Operative thought.
activity, caused by the operation of Karmas. Aupapâdika (iai)-Born by instantaneous rise. Aupasamika 1991 ). Subsidential thought-ac
tivity, caused by the subsidence of Karmas. Auşadha riddhi Mwig-Healing power, Avabodha (Ena)—Dhâranâ; cognition. Avadhâranâ (qarUT)-Avagraha ; Dhâranâ (q. v.) Avadhâraña (ECU)-Avagraha (q. v.)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
29
:
Avadhi-jūâna (Taraşta) ----Visual knowledge ; direct
knowledge of matter, limited as to (subjectmatter), place,
time and nature, i.e., without the help of the senses. Avadya (at)--Censurable character. Avagâha (Tamil) - Lit., Entrance. The state of giv-
ing ispace to other substances: this power lies in the
Äkäsa dravya. Avagâhana (state)-Entrance; depth; place;
localisation. Avagama ( TH)-Dhârâna (q.v.) Avagraha (yang) Perception; apprehension of the
object. Here the state of mind is such that it has a vague idea of an object: it has no clear perception about
the object. Ävali ergat) Twinkling of an eye, and consisting of
innumerable samayas, instants, or points of time. Avamaudârya (ECHIETU)--Eating less than one's All. Avântarasattâ (narra ATTU)--The isness or exist
ence of one particular substance. Avarnavâda (pallate )-Defaming. Avasarpiņi (antiquit)—The xon of decrease ; fall
ing of the wheel. Avasthana (Taf417T--Dharaná (v.9.). Avasthita ETAFEGIAT) Steadfast (visual knowledge).
Fixed.

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30
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Âvasyakâ parihâņi (TATUATTRETIU)--Not neg. ·lecting daily duties (of a layman or an ascetic). Avâya (Eart)--Judgment; ascertained knowledge. Avayava (1947)7th category in Nyaya. Avibhagapratichchheda (Enfahrt fag)
(1) The indivisible part of the force of fruition of Karmas.
12. Degree of an attribute of an atom. Avibhậgi (faurit)-Undivided. Âvidha (Eras)-Whirling. Avigraha (glas)—Vertical ; straight; upward. Avijõâna (Enlaşı17)---Having no imperfect knowledge. Avinâbhâva (fata)--Vyâpti (q. v.) Avinâbhâva sambandha (EFATHTA TET).
Necessary relationship of causation, co-existence or succession.
As where there is smoke, there is fire also. Where there is no fire, there is no smoke.
Technically smoke' is called ATETU, Sádhan the obesrvation from which the inference is drawn:
Fire is called ETET, Sádhya the thing proved or inferred. Avipaka nirjarâ (faqah Fautet —Shedding of
Karmas before maturity by ascetic practices, etc. Avirata samyaktva (
East Africa)--Vowless right belief, the 4th spiritual stage.

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Jaina Gen Dictionary.
Avirati Enfacia) The first 4 stages of vow-lessness.'
Lack of compassion for 6 kinds of living beings and of
restraint of 5 senses and the mind. Aviruddha Eldor) Hetu which does not contradict
the Sâdhya (q. v.). Avrata (976)--Vowlessness. Avvahulabhậga (FOTECT HTT)-- The 3rd or lowest
stratum of the first earth. The first hell is situated in
ya 10).
Avyâbâdha (TITATE)--Undisturbable.
(1) The absence of the feeling Karma in the soul.
(2) The 7th class of Lunkântika heavenly bodies, Avyâghâti (27ana-Unpreventible. Avyâpti (
Earth--The logical defect when the differentia is too narrow. Avyâptidosa (ortacio-A differential attribute
which is not found in the whole class; but only in some. As to say, animals are horned beings. True, some aninials have horns; but all do not. It is to confound a separable accident with differentia. The definition is
too narrow. ; Avyaya (south)--Indestructibility. Ayoga ( IT)--The 14th and the highest stage of
spirituality in which there are no vibrations in the soul. Ayogakevalî Epinaat)--The 14th spiritual
stage; vibrationless perfect soul.

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32
Jaina Gem Dictionary..
Ấyukarma (nilai
mines age.
-Karnic mattersslich deter!
Bâdara (@rçt)---Gross body. Badha (az)Deprivation of vitalities. Badhita visaya hetvabhasa (बाधित विषय हेत्वाभास)
--The fallacy of drawing a conclusion which is refu
table by observation, inference, etc. Babu (g-Perception of things, many in number, or
much in quantity. Bahuśruta bhakti (CET HB)-Devotion to the
learned, specially to the learned saints. Bahu vidha (ag fa ) -Simultaneous perception of
many kinds of things. Bâhyakriyâ ( ateisti )--External activity, as to
hurt, steal, lie, fornicate or amass worldly wealth., Balabhadra (
C 6) ---The elder brother of Narayana. Baladeva (@aica)--The elder brother of Nârâyana. Balariddhi (
a ir) — Miraculous strength. Bâlatapa (aracaq)-Austerities not based upon right
knowledge. Bandanâ prakîrnaka (arça YATU+)-The third
Angabâhya part of the scriptures.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Bandha (@ret)-Tying up; union; bondage of soul by
karmic matter. Bandhachchheda (qreoa)-The cutting or separa
tion of bondage. Bandhana (are)-Five kinds of molecular bondage
of the 5 bodies. Bauddha (ar) Followers of Buddhism. They believe
in 2 Prâmânas; Pratyaksa and Anumâna, i.c., preceple tion and inference. There are 4 schools of Buddhists.
Bhaikşya suddhi (Huys)Purity of almis. "Bharata (
HT)-(1) The 1st division of Jambûdvipa. (2) The eldest son of the 1st Tirthankara Rişabbâ. Bhâşâ paryâpti (377 quif-Completion of the a capacity to develope the organs.
Bhâşâ samiti (219T ERFT-Proper care in speaking. to Bhâşâ vargana (77at artur)--Vocal molecules, of
which sound is made. 1. Bhâva (Hra)- Quality ; essence ; becoming; substance ;
existence; thought-activity. Blâva bandha (Hra da)-Though-activity, by which • karmic matter binds the soul; subjective bondage. Bhâvâbhâva (HTCTTT)- The beginning to transform
the present into the past condition of the future. (The present condition of the soul would gradually be no morc, Thus what is present noir will become past in the future.)

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34
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
*
.
.
.
Bhâva lesyâ ( 74T) -- Thought paint, thought
colour; tint of the soul. Bhâva liñga (Hra FGT)Thought-activity relating
to sexual inclinations. Bhâva mana (HID 797) -Soul's capacity to use the
material mind. Bhâva molşa (7717 F-Subjective liberation. - Bhavanâ (HIFTT)—Meditation. Bhavanavâsî (tagarat) --Residentials, one of the
4 orders of celestial beings. Bhâva niksepa (HTa FETO) --Positive aspect; giving'
a thing a name connoting the attributes of its present!
condition only, Bhâva nirjarâ (HT FAST)--Subjective shedding. Bhâva parivartana (Hra ftadat)-Thought-cycie
of wanderings. Bhava parivartana (7a Tiada )-Incarnation
cycle of wanderings. Bhâvaprâna (TaHTU)-- Vitality as consciousness and
the power of the soul. Bhava pratyaya (Ha teera)-Innate ; inborn. Bhavasagara (HETTT)--The ocean of mundane es- |
istences. Bhâva Samvara (Hra. Bat)Thought-activity by :
which inflow is stopped ; subjective stoppage.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
35
Bhâvâśrava (Hrana)— Thought-activity, by which
karmic matter inflows into the soul; subjective inflov. Bhâva vachana (#7 997)-Thought-speech. Bhava vipâkî (Ha garat-Birth-maturing Karma,
by the fruition of which the soul is kept in mundane
conditions of existence. Blâvendriya (Hraft)--Sense-faculty. Bhedâbheda viparyaya (HGTÆC faqaft)-Perverse
confusion of cause and effect. Bhoga antarâya (FrT FURTT)—Preventing enjoy
ment of consumables. Bloga blûmi (HTOT —The regions where there is
enjoyment only, i.e., people do not have to work for their sustenance, and the arts of agriculture, etc., are neither necessary nor known. All that the people want, they
get from the wishing-trees called Kalpa Vșikgâs. Bhoga kşâyika (TTT 1 ) --- Infinite attainment
or enjoyment of consumable objects due to purification
caused by destruction of Karmas. Blûta (HT)-(1) The five Tattvas of Sânknya.
(2) The 7th class of the peripatetic order of celestial beings. Bodhi-durlabha (alfa çat+7) ----Rarity of knowledge
of right path. Bodhita (area). Led to the path of liberation. Brahma (au)-The name of 5th Heaven.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Brahmacharya pratima (ब्रह्मचर्य प्रतिमा ) -- Celibacy, the 7th Pratimâ or stage of a layman's life. Brahmendra (The only Indra of the 5th and
6th heavens,
Brahmottara (H)—The name of 6th Heaven. Brihaspati (EA)—The planet Jupiter. Buddha (g)-The planet Mercury. Buddhi (g)-Goddess of Mahâ Pundarîka lake. Buddhiriddhi (gfgfg)—Power of enlightenment.
36
C Chaitya ( चैत्य)- -Images of the Adorable or the Perfect
souls.
Chakradhara ()-The king of the whole Bha
rata kṣetra.
Chakravarti (a)-The king of the whole Bha
rata kṣetra.
Chala ()-Right belief not fully fixed. Chandra prajñapti (5)—The 1st Parikarma of the 12th Añga of scriptures. Also it is one of the Upâñgas. Charanânuyoga (R)-One of the 4 kinds of Scriptures. It contains Rules of conduct for laymen and ascetics.

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37
Jaina Gem Dictionaryz"tap Châritra (aupaśamika) : T
(Subsidential) right conduct. Châritra (kşâyika) Siria (ATRIA)(Purified) right
conduct. Châritra moha (Fifa FIE) -Right-conduct-delud. ing. Chârvâka (alat) --A materialist who believes in
Pratyaksa pramâna or the authority of perception only. Charyâ (aut)--Conduct. Chetanâ (STRAT) --Consciousness; intelligence. Chhadmastha vitarâga (asen TT-The 11th
and 12th stages of spirituality, where all the passions
have subsided or are destroyed. Chhala (act)--One of the 16th categories of Nyâya
school. Chhedopasthậpanâ (@CITET451)---Recovery of
equanimity after losing it. Chintâ (feat) -Induction. Chittodbhrama (FETE )-Wandering of mind. Chûlikâ efendat) - The 5th part of the 12th Añga of
scriptures.
Daivakuruvaka (aita)Inhabitants of Daiva.
uru, the Bhoga bhûmi portion of Videha kşetra.

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38
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
.
)
Dânakşâyika (ETTERT) — Charity (bestoval of fear:
lessness, etc.) due to purification caused by destruction
of karmas. Dânántarayâ (@aliraera)-Charity-obstructing. Darsana(@STTT)Conation ; tendency towards an object. Darśana ksayika (ERITAT FT )-Purified conation.
Perfect conation. Darsana. moha ksapaka (दर्शन मोह क्षपक)--One
who destroys the three kinds of right-belief.deluding
Karmas. Darśana pratimâ (ESTA HIGHT)-The 1st Pratimâ,
faultless belief. Darsanâvaraṇa karma çalaku )-Cona.
tion-obscuring karmic matter. Dasavaikalika prakirnaka (दशवकालिक प्रकीर्णक)
-The 7th Angabâhya scriptures. Deśa châritra (@I SIT )Partial right conduct
of layman. Deśaghâti (nella)—That Karma which destroys the
manifestation of the essential attributes of the soul
partially. Desaghâti sparddhaka (agaia F )
Karmic matter which obscures only partially. Desanâ labdhi (CUFT ala)—Attainment of incli
nation to understand the truth.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Desapratyakṣa ()-Incomplete direct know
ledge
Deśâvadhi (afa)-Partial visual knowledge. Deśavirata gunasthāna (देशविरत गुणस्थान ) -
The 5th spiritual stage, in which the layman observes partial vows.
Deva ()-(1) One of the 4 orders of Digambara
Jaina ascetics.
(2) Celestial being.
Deva Rişi ()—Celibate heavenly bodies called
Laukântikas.
Dhâraṇâ (u)—(1) Retention; keeping things in the mind; memory of judgment. (2) One of the stages of practical Yoga. Dhârâvâhî jñâna (T)-Repetition of what is known. It does not add to our knowledge. Dharma ()—(1) *A substance which is the medium of
motion to soul and matter.
39
(2) Observance.
(3)
$6
Sâdhya (q.v.)
There is no English equivalent for the Jaina Dharmâstikâya or the Jaina Adharmâstikûya, Dharmâstikâya may be rendered as the cosmic principle which upholds (or simply conditions) the order of simultaneous (or consentancous) movements in the world (“Sakrid-gati yugapadvhâvi-gati"-Prabhâchandra) answering somewhat to Leibcita's Pre-established harmony............ Dharmâstikâya is

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40
. Jaina Gem Dictionary.
not simply the accompanying cause of movements—it is. something more it is the cause (or condition) of the system of movements, the fact of an order in the movements of Jiva and Pudgala.--Dr. Seal. Dharma svâkhyâtattva (HESTUTATA Nature
of the Right Path. Dharniî (EHT) - That with which the conclusion (sadhya).
is always associated. Dhâtaki khanda (Errits)-The second continent
after Lavana Samudra. Dhâtuchatuska (anged67)— Four elements: earth,
water, air and fire. Dhrauvya (tot)-Permanence, continuous sameness
of existence. Dhriti (fa)--Goddess of the lake Tigiñíchha. Dhruva (la) --Perception of a lasting thing, as of a
mountain. Dhûma prabhâ ( 91-The fifth earth, in hue
like smoke. Dhyana (EUTT)Concentration. Contemplation or me
ditation, Digvirati (fotlasia)-Taking a life-long vow to limit
one's worldly activity to fised points in all the ten direc• tions. Dikkumâra (FFHTT)—The 10th class of Residential
order of celestial beings. . . . . .

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Jaina Gem Dictionary
Dravya ()-(1) Substance.
(2) Subject-matter. (3) A category of Vaiseṣika. Dravyabandha ()—The substance which binds the soul as karmic matter; objective bondage. Dravya bhâva (a)—Category of substance. Dravya lesyâ (64 )—Matter-paint ; the colour
or tint of the body.
Dravya linga (4 fm)-Sex-organ,
Dravya mana (FH)—Material mind; organ of
mind.
(द्रव्यमोक्ष)
Dravya mokṣa (T)-Objective liberation. Dravya nikṣepa ( )—Privative aspect; giving
a name, the qualities connoted by which were possessed in the past, or will be possessed in the future by the thing named, but are not possessed now. Dravya nirjarâ (çou favi)—Objective shedding. Dravyánuyoga (द्रव्यानुयोग ) - That portion of Jaina literature which treats of Jaina metaphysics. Dravya parivartana (ou fada)-Matter-cycle of
wanderings.
Dravyaprâna (quru)—Material vitalities, i.c., power of mind; body; speech; five senses; respiration; and age.
Dravyarthika (g)—Relating to the substance.

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Janna vel victionary.
Dravyârthikanaya (fourteet)--Substantial stand
point. Dravyasamvara (FOTET) ---Karmic matter which is
stopped from flowing into the soul; objective stoppage. Dravyasraya (Fouta)--The substance which inflows
into the soul as karmic matter ; objective inflow. Dravyatva (Fouca)-It is one of the general natures
(Samanya svabhava) of substances; it means the fact of all the dravyas performing their functions and modifica
tions. Driştânta (en )--(1) 5th category of Nyâya school. 1
(2) One of the components in
Parârthánumâna.
(3) The observations from which an induction is made; as the presence of smoke in kitchen with a fire and its absence in a tank where there is no
fire. It is the illustrative part of EFTET (udaharana.). Dțistipravâda añga (ETCHTIG )—The 12th Añga
of the Scriptures. Dvesa (q)-Aversion ; repulsion. Dvîpakumâra (19hrt)--The 9th class of Residen
tial order of celestial beings. Dvîpaprajāapti (atquşita)-The 4th Parikarma
of the 12th Anga of the scriptures. Dvitiyopasama samyaktva (द्वितीयोपशम सम्यकत्व)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
43
.
-The second subsidential right belief. It arises in a saint in the 7th spiritual stage of Perfect rots then he is preparing to pass on to the 8th stage of new spiritual thought-activity along the lines of subsidential advancement; having been already a right believer of the destruction-subsidence kind, he transforms the na'ture of the 4 error-feeding passions into lesser passions and causes the subsidence of the three sub-classes of right-belief-deluding Karmas, namely, trong belief,
mised right and wrong belief, and right belief slightly i clouded by wrong belief.
Duhhidam (EEC)--Distressed ; unhappy"; miserable. Duḥkhamâ (5:01)-The 5th age of the Avasarpiņi . =21,000 years, (it.is the present age). · Duḥkhamâ duhkhamâ (q:qHT:0#)-The sixth
age of this Avasarpiņi «on=21,000 years. Duhkhamâ sukhamâ (ECHT geht)--The 4th . age of the Avasarpiņi, the present zon, which is=1
crore x 1 crore Sagaras–42,000 years. Duhpramțișta (@:922)--Putting a thing down petu
lantly or peevishly. Duhprayukta (: ryti) Diabolical; devilish.
Ekânta mithyâdarśana (Firm FETC17) -
Wrong belief in which only one point of view is taken.

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44
:
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Ekatva (Topical)Reflection that we alone are doers and
enjoyers of all the actions of our life. Ekatvapratyabhijñâna (Thica cuf ŞTAT) --Recog:
nition of the same thing which was and is now also the subject-matter of the senses and the mind. As
recognising John as the John whom I saw yesterday. Ekatva. vitarka vichara. (एकत्व वितर्क वीचार)
Absorption in one aspect: only of the self. The 2nd.
pure concentration, Ekavidha (Falas)-Perception of a thing of one kind
only. Evambhûta naya (Fat GIFT)- Active standpoint;
restricting a name to the very activity which is connoted by the name.
Gana (TU)—Brothers of the same order of saints. . Gañadhara (TTU ETT) - Apostles having all the five · kinds of knowledge, except perfect. Gandharva (stere)The 4th class of peripatetic order
of celestial beings. Garbhaja (T )-Of uterine birth. Gardatoya (heart)-The: 5th class of Laukântika
heavenly beings.

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45
Gati (ufat) -(1) Condition of existence.
(2) Vigrahgati; (q. v.); (3) Moving from place to place.
(4) Touring. 1. Gatipariņâma (TYTUTT)-Nature to go up.
Ghadi (ast)-24 minutes=Nâli (q. v.) Ghritavara (nat)--Name of the 6th continent and : ocean. * Ghana (97)—Sounds from cymbals, etc. Fad Ghâtiya (STETT)—Destructive; karmas which destroy
the essential nature of the soul. ati Glâna (vart) - Invalid saints. ta' Gotra karma (Tiat off) --Pamily-determining karmic
matter. Graha (o)-(1) The planets.
(2) The 3rd class of stellar order of cel
estial beings. Te Grahaņa (EU)= Avagraha (q. v.). Graiveyaka a47) —The first nine abodes of Aham
endras. : Guņa (TU)-Attribute; degree of attributc. Guņahani (TUE )-A geometrically decreasing
scries; the number of the terms of a scries, the sum of which is the number of molecules of a unit of Bondagc,

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
and each term in which is half of the term immediately preceding it. E.g., if the maximum number of molecules. which the soul draws in to bind itself in one instant be 6300; and the duration of their bondage be 48 samayas and there be 6 gunahậnis or terms in the geometric series, then the number of the molecules shed in the 6 ginahầnis respectively will be 3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200 and 100.
Here in each gunahậni there are 4-8 samayas. This is called gunahāni âyâma, i.c., the duration of one gunaliâni.
The whole series of 6 gunahầnis is called nâiâa gunahôi.
The number 2 raised to the power of the number of gunahậni in the nânâgunahầni is called Anyonya bhyasta râsi. In the above example it is=26=64.
One samaya prabaddha or unit of Bondage divided by Anyonyâ blyasta râši minus one, gives the number of molecules shed in the last or antima gunahầni.. Here 4392=6299=100 is the last gunahậni. : {
The double of the number of gunahâni âyâma is Nisekahậra. Here it is=8x2=16.
Chaya is the regular arithmetic difference between any consecutive two of the terms of the series which represents the karmic molecules shed in each successive samaya, of which each gunahậni consists. In the above example in the gunahāni of 8 samayas 3200 molecules: are shed. In the first samaya more are shed than in the

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3200X4
ethet st term
second, in the second more than in the third and so on. The number of molecules by which the shedding is less in every succeeding instant is called chaya. In the above example it is found as follows. We find the first term of the series and divide it by Nisekahâra (here=16). The first term is found as follows:
gunaláni molecules X4 . (3xgunahậni ûyamas)+iner
(3xsti
First term 512 2800=512... Chaya mahóni Guima= 2x5=1002
That is, in the 1st 8 samayas of the 1st gunahani the number of molecules shed will be respectively 512, 480, 448, 416, 384, 352, 320 and 288.
The chaya for each succeeding gunahani will be half of the one immediately preceding it. As the number of molecules in cach giâliâni is half of that of its immediate predecessor, its chaya is also half the chaja
of its predecessor. Guna pratyaya avadhi (गुण प्रत्यय अवधि)
Visual knowledge acquired by mcrit as distinguished from
Bhava pratay? or inborn. Guņasthâna (TUF91)--Spiritual stages. There are
14 stages: mithyâtva, såsâdana, miśra, avirata samyaktva, desa virata, pramatta vrata, apramatta · vrata, apûrvakarana, anivsitti karana, sūkşma samparaya, upaśânta moha, kşiņa moha, sayoga kevali, and ryoga
kevali.-Sce Appendix B. Gupti (usta) ----Preservation. Guru (15)-The religious preceptor.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
+
Η
Haimavataka (A)—The 2nd division of Jambû
dvipa.
Hairanyavata ()—The 6th division of Jambûdvipa.
Hari (f)—The 3rd division of Jambûdvipa. Harikântâ (f)—A river in Hari kṣetra.
Harit (a)—A river in Hari kṣetra. Harivarṣaka (R)-The inhabitants of Harivarsa, the 3rd Division of Jambudvipa.
Hasta ()-Two spans or vitasti.
Hataparáparah (हत परापर : ) - Having destroyed the cycle of existence (by breaking through the past, and the cause of future, bondage).
Hetu (1) Cause;
(2) Premiss; that which gives the basis of the conclusion. Hetvâbhâsa ()-(1) Argument or premiss in
which the reason is fallacious.
(2) One of 16 categories of Nyaya.
Himsâ (f)—Injury to any of the 10 vitalities of living beings.
Hinâdhika mánonmana (होनाधिक मानोन्मान)Using false weights and measures.

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Aita parikarma ( TIESIF) ---Employment in plea
sure-bearing deeds. Eri (1)--Goddess of Mahapadma fale. Hîyamâna ( 191)-Visual knowledge which is liabic
to decrease, Hrida (EC)-Lake. Humdaka sansthâna (ESG FEAT)-Quite unsyn
metrical gure of the body. Humqâvasarpiņi (istemaut)--That æon of de
crease or avasarpinî in which there are special features of decrease; as birth of a daughter to a Tirthamkara, etc
Ihâ (T)--Conccption. Dealing with perception in
order to arrive at judgment (avâys). Ikşuvara (at)--Name of the 7th continent and
ocean. Indra (575)-(1) Soul.
(2) King of Gods. There are 100 Ineiras, Indraka bila (Frça Gast. The central portion of the
7 hells. Indraka vimâna (front Hi -The centrai por.
tion of the heavens.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary. .
bois
Indriya paryâpti (strcu veniat) --Completion of legali . the capacity to develop the sense-organs. Îśâna ( $977) The name of the 2nd Heaven. Işta (E) The proposition sought to be established by mi
the parties to a controversy. That is, the real point
at issue which should not be lost sight of. Iştaviyogaja (52 FUTTT)_2nd class of monomania,
i.e., that which arises on separation from a pleasing |
object. Itara nigoda (Bare Fina)-Souls which have return
ed to rigoda. (9.v.) Itvarikâ aparigņibītâgamana (Sraforare
GITTHET Intercourse with an unmarried immoral
veoman,
.
Itvarika. parigrihitāgamana (इत्वरिका परिगृहीता
779)---Intercourse with a married immoral woman. Îryậpatha ($uica)-Transient, fleeting. Iryâ samiti (ei rifa) --Care in walking. Walking
carefully after looking at the ground (so that no living beings are trampled upon).
Jagatghana (ANTZER)—Volume of the universe=343 | 4a
cubic rajús.

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Tagatpratara (TICHETT) - Area of the base of the
universe=49 squares rajús. Jagatúreni (TICsut) ---Length or breadth of the
universe, i.e., 7 rajīts. Taghanyaguņa (EfeJU ) - Minimum degree of
attribute. Taghanya sthiti bandha (जघन्य स्थिति बन्ध)
Minimum duration of bondage in a rational wrong
believing person. Jalagatâ châlikâ (GOTTA SIT) --The 1st Chû
lika in the 12th Añga of the Scriptures, Jalpa (70)-One of the 16 categories of Nyâya. Tambûdvîpa (ciasta)-The central continent which
contains our carth. Jambûdvipa prajñapti (Gaga uş) --The 3rd
Parikrama of the 12th Anga of the Scriptures, Jarâyuja (ERTYF)—Umbilical, birth in a yolk-sac, as
that of a child. Tâti (fa) --(1) Genus of beings.
(2) One of the 16 categories of Nyâya. sayanta (Hera) - The 3rd Anuttara heaven. Tijūâsâ (fşat) = Iha (9.0.)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Jina (GST)--The Arhat; the soul in the 13th and 14th
stages of spirituality, who has conquered the four
destructive Karmas. Jina kalpi (GGT Stiera)-A monks advanced enough
to detach himself from his order. Jina vachana (fea gen)-śruta ; Jaina Scriptures. Jinavarâh ( FESTET: )--Conquerors of love and hat.
red: they are the highest perfection of spirituality:
they are the best among the Jinas. Jîva (Gila)-Soul; living being. Jivarâši ( qetil)-The totality of souls. Jîvasamâsa (Gia EHTE)-Soul-ciass: The 14 classes into which the mundane souls are divided. They are :
(1) One-sensed gross beings. (2) , fine , (3) Two-sensed beings. (4) Three-sensed » (5) Four-sensed, (6) Five-sensed irrational beings. (7)
rational. Each one of these may be paryâpta, capable of full
development, or aparyâpta, not so capable. Thus they are 14.

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According to some there are 98 such classes (Sec Gommațasara Jiva Kânda, Gâthâs, 73–80): 85, 9, 2 and 2 respectively of sub-hunan, human, hellish
and celestial beings. 85 of sub-human beings.-- 69 of those born by spontancous generation
(Samirchchhana).42 of one-sensed beings.
Earth-bodicd. Water-bodied. Fire-bodied. Air-bodied. Nitya szigoda vegetables. Itara nigoda vegetables.
12 of these as being gross or fine. 1 Sapratištita pratycka. 1 Apratisțita pratycka. 14 Thesc 14 being
i. paryâptaka, ii. sirvrittzaparyâptaka,
iii. labdhyaparkāptaka, are 42. 9 of vikalatraya, i.C.,
i. paryâpiaka,
ii. nirvrittyaparjâpiaka and : iii, labdlyaparyâptaka of two, three
and four-sensed beings. 18 of fivc-sensed hcings.

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1. Aquatic (fishes). 2. Terrestrial (beasts).
3. Aerial (bird ). These 3 have minds or not; and then, the paryāptaka,
etc., 3 kinds of each, give 3x2x3=18 kinds. 16 of those of five-sensed beings of uterine birth
(garbhaja). 12 of karma blueini (q. v.) Aquatic, Terrestrial
and Aerial; each of these rational and irrational :-these 6 kinds being paryâpta or szirvrittya paryâpta.
4 of bhoga bhůmi (q.v.) Terrestrial and
Aerial, being paryâpta and nirurittyaparyâpta. 9 Kinds are as follows: 8 Of Garbhaja or uterine birth. Those born in Arya
khanda, Mlechchlia khanda, Bhoga bhumi, Kubhoga bhumi or antardvipaja, each one being paryâpta or nirvșittyaparyâpta, we have
8 kinds, 1 Of Saumurchchhana or beings spontaneously
generated in the generative organs and arm-pits of women and dying as soon as they are born 18 times in one pulse-beat. They are too small to be visible to the naked eye and are always
labdhiaparyâptaka. Jîvavipâkî (stafamonth-Soul-maturing Karma which
affects the soul mainly.

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Jîvitâsaņsâ ( CAIET) --Desire to prolong life. Jñana chetanâ (FGTEET)Consciousness of know
ledge, pure and perfect, as in liberated souls. Jõâna kşâyika (FIR )-Purified knowledge,
perfect knowledge. Jñânânumârgachârî ( ŞTAITARTETET ) --- Follower
of the path of right knowledge. Jõâna pravâda ( FIT FATE ) The 5th Parva of the
12th Anga of the Scriptures. Jõânâvaraṇa karma (staracuff)--Knowledge
obscuring Karmic matter. Jõânendriya (staro)-Five of twenty-five categories
of Sânkhya system. Jõâta bhâva (Fitahra ) --- Intuitional character of
the act. Jíâtridharmakathâūga ( FC FENT ) - The
6th Anga of the Scriptures. Jūâyaka sarira (5147927E)—-Body of the knower. Joşitâ (HTTGAT)--Observer. Jugupsâ ( JUCAT ) - Disgust. Jyotiska ( FUF76241).---The stellar order of celestini
beings.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
K
Kalâ (T)-20 Kâsthâs (q. v.),
(कला)
Kâla ()—(1) Time; one of the 6 Substances of Jain
ism.
(2) Age; one of the 6 Ages of Jainism,
Kâlâņu (arg)—Point of time,
Kâla parivartana (R)-Time-cycle of
wanderings.
Kâla samudra ( )—2nd ocean encircling the continent Dhatakikhanda धातकीसंर.
Kâlâtîta (A)—Beyond time,
Kalpa ()-Cycle of 2 mons; 20 crore into crore Sâgaras; Heaven.
Kalpákalpa prakirnaka (कल्पाकल्प प्रकीर्णक) -
The 10th Añgavâhya part of the Scriptures.
Kalpâtita (ha)-Heavenly beings born beyond
the 16 Heavens.
Kalpavyavahâra
prakirnaka ( कल्पव्यवहार )—The 9th Añgavâhya part of the Scriptures.
Kalpopapanna (1997)—Heavenly beings born
in the 16 Heavens.

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Kâluşya (571667)Unclean thoughts. Kalyanavâda ( FarruatĘ ) --The 11th Půrva in the
12th Añga of the Scriptures. Kâmatîvra abhinivesa (ATHAIS GAE--
Intense, sesual desire. Kamkşâ (mial)-Desire of worldly objects, as rewards
for piety. Kâpişta (nas)--The name of the 8th Heaven. Kâpota (Alyta) Grey; dove-coloured. Kâraña (RU)—(1) It is the cause or causes which produce an effect.
(2) Infcrence of eifect from causc. Karana labdhi ( U O)-Attainment of thought
activity which causes right belicf within 48 minutes. Karanânuyoga (UTGUTT)-That portion of Jainn
literature which treats of cosmology, ctc. Kârana viparyâsa (Fru aquis) --Mistake in the
cause. Karma (1)-(1) Karma is the karmic molecules which
inflow into and bind a soul, if it is subject to love and hatred, etc., activity: very fine matter, of which the Karmic body is made and which in its various kinds and degrees goes on binding, and dropping of from, the mundanc 'soul incessantly. (2) Actions for which the mundane soul is responsible.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
.
.
Karma bhūmi (part 1)-The place sshere agri
culturc, etc., are followed by men for their subsistence. ; Karma chetanâ (SAT)--Consciousness of only
one's action or Karma itself. Kârmana (THU)--Karmic; made up of moleculer
of subtle matter, called kârmâna vargana. Kârmâna Targanâ (Titu astur)-Molecules of
Karmic matter which fill the universe; Karmic molecules
of which the Karmic body is made. Karma phala chetanâ ( 5 ESITTT)
Consciousness only of the fruition of Karma or the
result of action, as in trees, etc. Karma pravâda (Si alc)The 8th Pârva, in
the 12th Añga of the Scriptures. Karma raja (FG) Kârmic ashes. Karma yoga (FT FTT)-Vibrations set in in the sout
by the operation of Karmas; Kârmic Impulse. Karmendriya ( T )-Five of 25 categories of
the Sânkhya system of philosophy. Karya ( after ) Inference of cause from effect. Kaşaya (1979)-Passion. Kasayadhyarasāya sthāna (कषायाध्यवसाय स्थान)
Degree of passion which determines duration of bondage.

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Kâşthâ (718T).-_-Wink=15 nimişcı (q.u.). Kautkuchya ( Tiago )--Gesticulating; practical
joking. Kâya ( -One of 6 kinds of embodiment, earth;
watre, fire, air, vegetable and mobile. Kâyaklesa (PES)-Mortification of the body, so
long as the mind is not disturbed. Kâyatva (price)-Extension. Kâyîkî (fruit) A kind of inflow by readiness to hurt
others. Kâyotsarga (plast)- Giving up attachment to the
body, and practising self-contemplation. Kesari (chift)—Lake on llountain Nila. Kevala jõâna (199şti) --Perfect knowledge;
Omniscience. Kevalânvayî (aircut )---The argument, in the
JE TETO (u dâharaạn) of which, the illustrative or drixțârita portion is only positive; as the soul has many qualities, becausc it is of the nature of a substancc; and all substances have many qualities, like matter,
etc. Hevala samudghâta (Tagaçara)--Universal
projection of the soul by expansion in an onniscient saint in the 13th spiritual stage. Omniscient orcrfior.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Kevalavyatireki (motiaat)-The argument,
in the screen (udalaraņa), of which the illustrative or dristāsta portion is only negative; as there is soul in a living body, because there is respiration in it; and where there is no soul, there is no respiration, as in a'
chair, table, etc. Kevali ( at)-Omniscient, Kharabhâga ( HTT)--The first stratum. of the 1st
earth. This is the abode of the residential order of celestial beings (except the Asura Kumaras) and of the
peripatetic order (except the Rákóasas). Kiku (Fenst) ---Cubit or hâtha. Kilita samhanana (minta 59a )--Small joints
and bones. A kind of physical constitution. Synarthro. dial articulation, in which boncs are immoveable and
directly united. Kimpuruşa (Pelargo)The 2nd class of peripate
tic order of celestial beings. Kodakođi (75T)-One crore x one crore, or 10
millions x 10 millions=100 millions. Kramabhârî (
Firat) --Separable accident or property. The condition or modification of a thing.... Kramabhârî paryâya (
F iat quiet)-Successive modifications,

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Kțitikarma prakirņaka (From yolumn)- The .: 6th Añgavâhya part of the Scriptures. Kriyâvâdî ( arci )-A kind of wrong belief, e.g.,
that merely time, soul, etc., cause everything in the
world. It is of 180 kinds. Kriyâ visâla pûrva (for fama —The 13t11
Pârva of the Scriptures, Ksamti (pifat) --- Forgiveness. Kșapaka (87997) ---The saint who is destroying the
right-conduct-deluding Karmas. See Śreni. Kșaya ()--Destruction of Karmic matter. Kşayika bhâva ( HIRTSHA)-Purified thought. : activity, that which rises by destruction of certain .. Karmas.
Kşûyika samyakta (priamo ).---Right belief at. tained by the destruction of the 7 prakritis of Dcluding
Karmas, Kșayopasama labdhi (17937 eloa)--By Kişa
yopasama of Karmas, a person attains senses, ninci,
etc., which are capable of acquiring right belici. Kşayopasama samyakta (FUIT MTT) Right
belief attaincd by the subsidencc or destruction of G and . operation of the 7th praliziti of the Deluding Karma.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.*
Kşâyopaśamika or misra (EriĪTanff or 9)
Destructive subsidential, i.e., caused by a misture of ksaya (destruction) and upsama (subsidence) of Karmic matter; caused by partial subsidence, destruction and
operation of Karmas. Kșetra parivartana (@afant)- Spatial cycle
of wanderings. Kșetra vipâkî (a fagrant-Transition-maturing
Karma, by the fruition of which the soul in its transition from one condition of existence to another retains the form of the previous body, till it takes on the body of
its new incarnation. Kșetra vụiddhi (FT )-Change in the boundaries
by increasing on one and decreasing on the other side. Kşina moha (alu FIE) 'The saint who has totally
destroyed the right-conduct-deluding Karmas; the 12th
spiritual stage ; delusionless. Kșipra (191)--Perception of quick motion. Kşîravara (eirrat)—Name of the 5th continent and the
5th ocean. Kșut (22)—Hunger. Kula (at) --Fellow.disciples. Kulakara (cholart)-The great leaders of men who
flourished at the end of the third age (sukhama dukhamâ) of the present zon...,

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Kumbhi ( 1)—Kumblî, a three-sensed insect. Kupya (cy)-Clothes, etc.' Kuśîla (zasilat) --A possessionless saint, with a slight
imperfection in his secondary vows. Kûtalekha kriya (ficēta EiT)--Forgery.
Labdhyaparyâpta (conqui)-Dying within one
antarmuhůrta without Paryâpti (q.v.). Lâbha kşâyika (CTT HFTF) ---Infinite gain due to
purification caused by destruction of Karmas. Lâbhântarâya (EHTARPT)--Gain-preventing Karma. Lakşmî (EFI)-Goddess of the lake Pundarikn. Lakşaņa (CTETU)-(1) Differentia.
. (2) Sentence. Lakşaņâbhâsa ( JHUTHTE )-Apparent, but really
defective, differentia or characteristic. Lakşya (PET) ---That to which the differentia belongs. Lâutava (irca).--The name of the 7th Heaven. Laukântika (mitrai)--Heavenly beings so-called
from their next human incarnation being the last. They reside at the end of the 5th Heaven Brahmaloka.

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-
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Lavaņodadhi (MAUTEFT)The ocean, which en:
girdles the 1st continent Jambûdvípa. Lesyâ (@TET) ---Tint; paint; here, thought-paint= .
Bhava lesya, as distinguished from Dravya lesyâ=
matter paint; colour of the matter. Linga (iets) ---Sex; sign. Lisa (c)--Nit. Loka (19)---Universe=343 cubic râjuis in volume. i Lokâkâsa (1991)-The universe, the place of all;
the substances. Lokapâla (cat)-The protectors of the people (like Kotwâls).
M Madhya loka (Talsi)-The middle world. Of the
height of Mount Meru, 1 lac 40 yojanas high. . . Mahâhimavân (FETTE HO )--2nd mountain divid
ing the two regions, Haimîvata and Hari. Mahâkalpa prakírnaka-(Felsea Tours
The 11th Angavâhya part of the Scriptures. .. Mahâ matsya (HETERT)-The great fish, the largest
animate being found in the last Svyambhûramana ocean, Mahậpadma (781991)-Lake on Mountain Mahî
Himavân.

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* Mahậpuņdarîka (e gus210) ---Lake on Mountain
Rukmi. Mahâ puņdaríka prakîiņaka (FENGUETTE TUF)
-The 13th Angavâhya part of the Scriptures.
Mahâsattâ (
HTETIT) - Universal isness.' That is. ness which comprehends the being or existence of all ; the substances in the universe. This is the walâ.
sattâ, which is the basic " isness" of all the substances. Mahâ śukra (FETT 55) --The name of the 10th Heaven.
Mahâ tamah prabhâ (HETAH: JHT) ---The seventh F Earth, in hue like pitch.
Malâvîra (arat)--Lord Mahavira, the last or the : 24th Tirthamkara. He was born in 599 B.C. and attained
liberation in 527 B.C. The whole of modern Jainism takes its present life from Him and is due to His teach.
ings. de Mahâvrata (Helaa)--Pull vow. e Måhendra (FLÈFF) --The name of the 4th Heaven. Maboraga (HEITIT)--The 3rd class of peripatetic order
of celestial beings. Vala (RTT) --- Defect in right belief. Alana (777) One of the 25 categories of the Simkliya
system; mind.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary."
Manahparyâpti (7:quila) Completion of
capacity to develop the organ of the mind. Manah paryâya (7779273)---Mental knowledge :
direct knowledge of another's thoughts about matter. Mamgala (sitat)--The planet Mars. Manovarganâ (airastut)---Subtle matter of which
mind is made. Mânuşottara (FICUTTI) - A mountain which divides
Puşkarvaradvipa into two equal parts. Marañântikî (Hautfront- of death-bed. Maranasamsa ( HTUTTET) --Desire to die soon. Mârdava (Hiça)—Ever-ready and sincere humility. Mârganâ (#TTUT)-Soul-Quest. There are 14 special
conditions or characteristics by means of which the mundane souls are sought, distinguished and investigated. The irnames are :---1. Gati, 2. Indriya, 3. Kaya, 4. Yoga; 5. Veda, 6. Kasûya, 7. Jñana, 8. Samyana, 9. Darsana, 10. Lesyâ, 11. Bliavyatva, 12. Samyaktva, 13. Sanj:
sõitva, 14. ATâraka. Mârga prabhâvanâ (714raRT)--Propagation of
the right path. Matijñâna (Ffçişilat—Sensitive knoirledge, acquired,
by means of the 5 senses and the mind.

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Mâtrivâha (Areale)- Mactra molluscs. Mâtsarya (FTI) -Jealousy; refusal to impart know.
ledge out of envy. 2.Mâyâ (FPTT)-Deceit. Mâyâgatâ (HRUTITAT)-Third chůlikâ of the 12th Anga
of the Scriptures. Mâyâkriyâ ( Fran)-Disturbance, by deceit of v some one's right belief and knowledge. Meru (75)-Mount Meru, in the middle of Jambûdvipa
the 1st continent. Merunâbhih (GFTT:)—Having Mount Meru in the
centre like the navel. Mímâmsaka ( 187)--A follower of Jaimini's Púrva
Mímâmsâ which believes in 6 Pramâņas, perception, B inference, trustworthy affirmation, comparison, presump
tion and privation. This school is divided into two 1.6. classes, one headed by Kumaril Bhatta, and the other D by Prabhakara. Misra gunasthána (9UJUFTIF)—Mixed (the third
spiritual stage). Misra or kshyopasamikabhara (मिन or क्षायोपश
ra-Mixed thought-activity, caused by partial destruction, subsidence and operation of certain Kurmas.

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68
Jaina Gem Dictionary.'
Mithyâdarśana (Tuare ) --Wrong belief ; Mithya--
darsanakriyâ, i.c., praising actions due to wrong belief. Mithyâdțiști (FETTETC) --Wrong believer. Mithyâtva guṇasthâna (FEATJUFTTT ) --The : first spiritual stage, called Delusion. Moha (FIE)---Delusion. Mohaniya Karma (FTER FIFT)-Deluding Karma;
Karmic matter which deludes right belief and right
conduct. Mokşa (FIE)--Liberation ; liberation of Soul from :
matter. Muhûrta (EF) = 48 minutes = 2 ghadi or 2 nâli (q.v.). Mûlaguņa nirvartanâ (ayu adalat)—Produc
tion of body, speech, mind and respiration. Mûla prakriti (Fort usta) --- Primary nature of Kar-1
mic matter. Muni (fa) --Saint with visual and mental knowledge :
ascetic. DIûrtatva (Frica)-Materiality; Múrtak, .i.e., material.
.

Page #71

Jaina Gem Dictionary.
69
. .
N. Nâdî (
FET) --Trasa nâți, the region of mobile souls, 14 rajjû high, 1 rajjû long and 1 rajjû wide. Nâga kumâra (arie TT)— The second class of resi
dential order of celestial beings. Naigama (amp)-Figurative, not literal, mode of speaki
ing of a past or future event as a present one. Mode of ..looking at a thing both generally and particularly. Naksatra (FEET)-Constellation, the 4th class of the
stellar order of celestial beings. Nâli (ariant) = 20 kalú (q.v.). . Nama karma (ATH ) - Body-making Karma. Nâma nikṣepa (ar# Figu)-Attribution of a nanie
without reference to its connotation; name-aspect; name.
as such; negative aspect. Nandiśvara (aretsat)--Name of the Sth continent
and occan. Nârâcha sambanana (FREEEEEFT) - Ordinary am. · phiarthrodial articulation and bones. A kind of physical
constitution, Naraka (1297) --Hellish being; infernal being. Narakânta (acima) --A river in Ramyaka. Nârâyana (artu)-The king of half of Bharataksetra
and successor by conquest of Pratina râynna.

Page #72

136
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
6. Ferie Snigdha, Smooth. 7. fon Sita, Cold.
8. Usna, Hot. 5 ru Rasa, Tastes.
1. Fick Tilta, Pungent, 2. men Kntukz, Bitter, 3. 1989 Kaşaya, Astringent. (Salinc.) 4. at Âmla, Acid.
5. Aye Madhura, Sweet. 2 ju Gamdha, Smell.
1. gita Sugamdha, Sweet-smelling; fragrant.
2. svira Durgamdha, Evil-smelling; malodorous. 5. at Varna, Colour.
1. Say Krişna, Black. 2. 1 Nila, Blue. 3. Tih Rakta, Red. 4. gra Pita, Yellow.
5. 7 Sukla, White. 4 sagate Ânupirvi, Migratory form; the power of
retaining the form of the last incarnation during transmigration, i.c., the passage from one to another condition of existence. The names are according to the four conditions of existence. Devānupirzī means the power of retaining the last form whatever it was, in going to the celestial
condition of existence. 1 mang Agurulaghu, Not-heavy-light; neither too heavy
to move, nor too light to have stability.

Page #73

Jaipa Gem Dictionary.
137
'
1 Juta Upaghâta, Self-destructive; Having a self
destructive limb or organ. 1 qera Paraghâta, Destructive; Possessing a limb or
organ fatal to others. 1 on âtapa, Hot light; radiant heat; possessed
of a brilliant body, which is hot to others but not to the possessor, as the gross radiant earth-bodied
beings in the sun. 1 saia Udyota, Cold light; phosphorescence; cold light,
like moonshine. 1 gegara Uchchhvâsa, Respiration. 2 faerama Vilâyogati, Movement; capacity of moring
in space. 1. TH Śubha, Graceful.
2. 74 Asubha, Awkward. 1 Are TC Pratycka sarira, Individual body; A body
enjoyable by one soul only, 1 MUTU TE Sûdhûrana Šarira, Common body ;
Possessed and enjoyable by many souls, as a
potato. I ag Trasa, Mobile, with bodies having 2, 3, 4 or 5
senses. 1 Farat Sthâvara, Immobilc, with bodies having one
sense only, i.c., the sense of touch. 1 977 Subhaga, Amiable; amiable personality, even
though not beautiful. 1 gün Durbhaga, Unprepossessing; unprepossessing, even
though beautiful. I gear Sustara, Sweet-voiced ; musical.

Page #74

138
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
1 g:FT* Duhsvara, Harsh-voiced. 1 mm Subha, Beautiful Thody). 1 ay Aśubha, Ugly (body). 1 wa Saksma, Fine (body)-uncuttable and all-pervasive. 1 Badara, Gross (body). 1 qutif Paryâpti, Developable; capacity of developing
the body fully. 1 cift Aparyapti, Undevelopable; Incapacity of deve
loping the body fully. 1 Fear Sthira, Steady (circulation of blood, bile) etc. 1 mafiae Asthira, Unsteady. 1 na âdcya, Impressive ; appearance such as may affect
others. 1 waraa Anadcya, Non-impressive; dull appearance. 1 q: entfs Yaśaḥ kirti, Fame ; bringing good fame. 1 990: fa' Ayasah 7irti, Notoriety ; bringing bad name,
even if one does good actions. 1 prie Tirthakara, A l'irthamkara's career with all its
grandeur when he preaches and completes his
ministry. VII. 2 017 Gotra, Family-determining.
1. oy Uchcha, High.
2. ffre Nîcha, Low. VIII. 5 starta Antarûyd, Obstructive of
1. Dâna, Charity. 2. An Lâbha, Gain. 3. * Bhoga, Enjoyment, enjoyment of consumable
things.

Page #75

Jaina Gem Dictionary..
139
4. Jam Upabloga, Re-enjoyment, enjoyment of non
consumable things. .: 5: atå Vīrya, Power ; exercise of one's capacities.
The 8 Karmas have respectively 5, 9, 2, 28, 4, 93, 2 & 5 sub-classes, i. e., 148 sub-classes in all,

Page #76

I. Samkhyata. (=S.)
Jaghanya S. Madhyama S. Utkrista S.
APPENDIX B.
Brief statement of 21 kinds of numbers.
...
II. Asȧmkhyata. (=A,)
Jaghanya Parîtâ A, Madhyama Parîtâ A. Utkrista Parita A. Jaghanya Yuktâ A. Madhyama Yukta A.
Utkrista Yukta A.
Jaghanya Asamkhyata J-G
A.
...
...
...
A=2
A=2.
...
B=3, 4, &c. upto C-1 B=3,4,5.....to D-2. C=(D-1)
C=D-1
...
...
D=(Sco p. 144)
ED+1...... to F-1...
F-G-1 D G-D
...
...
I=J-1 2
...
***
D HD+1......to I-1...
...
...
D=(Sco p. 144)
D
ED41......to D-2
D F-D-1 D G=D
...
2D
D HD-1......to D-2
2D I=D-1 2D J=D... 2D
2
Madhyama Asankhyata KG-+-1......to L-1... K=D+1......to M-2.
A.
Utkrista Asankhyâta A. | LM-1
LEM-1
...
...
...
Number of c.g. Instants in Avali or wink.
an
Number of spatial units in a Loka which can be the possible subjectmattor of visual knowledge (Avadhi jana) of the highost kind.
140
Jaina Gem Dictionary.

Page #77

M
..............
III. Ananta. (=A.). Jaghanya Parítâ A. l= ...
M= Madhyama Parita A. ... N=1+1....to 0-1... N=1+1......to NI – 2...
M Utkrista Parítâ A. ... O=P-1 ... ... O=M -1 ...
NI Jaghanya Yuktâ A. ... | P=M ...
P=M......
E.g. No. of souls 21
incapable of liMadhyama Yukti A. ... Q=P+)...to R-1 Q=1+1......to 112... beration,
2NI Utk pişta Yukta A. ... R=S-1 ... R=M-1 Jaghanya Ananta A. S=P ...
SEM
2M Madhyama Ananta A... T=S+1......to U-I ... TOM+1... to U-1 ... 1 Number of Siddhas. Utkrista Ananta 4. ... U=Porfcct knowledge U=Perfect knowledgo Avibhaga pratich
chicita of Kovala jnana.
21
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
All Minimums aro: A, D, G, J, M, P, 8
= 2, DDN, D2D, 11, MM, M32. So rcally there are ouly 2 unknowns, i.c., D and M. Jaglianya=Minimum. Paritî=Preliminary. Sankliyata=Numerable. Madhyama=lcilim. Ynktî= Advancci. Asankhyata=Innumerablc. Utkrişta=\aximum. Ananta Infinite Anonta = Infinite.
141

Page #78

Table of Names of Numerationi.
Mina
142
Laakika
Alaukika.
Esotra báta Budva
Or
al'a na Uomána Avamâna Gayitamina Pratimá na Tatpratimâna Dravya
Gananämâna Tatpramina
or
Upainamana
Samkhyamâna.
Jaina Gcm Dictionary:
Samkhyata
Asamkhyâta
..
ananta
Daniel
Parita
Yuktî
Asamkhyâta Páríta Fukta ananta
-1)
Jaghanya
Utk pişta Madhyama
(n-1) A 3,4 &c. to (C-1) C
B.
D
G
Ezohi of thçso is
Jaghanya-- K-Madhyama -L-Utkrista-
--
E
E F-
-II- I
-N-O.
R
U
B
Note:-Jaghanya & Utkrietn ovorywhoro ropresont only onc numbor.

Page #79

2"
In the abovo Table,
A=2
B=3,4 &c. to C-1
K=J+1, 3+2 &c, to L-1
C=(1-1)
L=(1-1)
D=As given bolow
M=As given below.
E=D+1, 142, &c. to F-1
N=M+1, M72 &c. to 0-1
I=(G-1) G=(as given below)
D
D
O=(P-1)
M P=M (This is the number of souls incapablo
of Liberation.)
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
II=Q+1, G+2 &c, to I-1
I=J-1
Q=P+1, P+2 &c. to R-1
RS-1
2
SEP
'T=8+1,5-12, &c. (U-1) U=Numbor of units of porloct knowlodge..
143

Page #80

144
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
To sud D=Jaghanya Parîta asamkhyata...
Lot there he four pits each of 1 lâc Yojanas in diameter and 1000 Yojanas doop and called : Anavasthi
Salaka
... (B) Pratibalika
Mahasalaka ... (8) Fill a, with round rapo seeds; overfill it from its mouth surface in a regular conical form, the apex of which is one rape seed; as A The number of scods in the pit is ... 197912092999680000000000000000) 45 fica
000000000000000 „ , in the cono aboro ., , 179920081515163636363636363638346 figs.
636363636363636111 The total secds aro 1997112938151316363636363636363 Lie
636363636363636-4) 10 bigs.
}40 figs.
Say=2. For this filling of Q,, drop one socd in B..
Then take up the seeds from a,, and drop ono seed on each of the continents and Oceans beginning with Jambůdvîpa. Where the last seed is dropped, it trould be an ocean (disregard the 4/11 seed, which will not be in the Cone). Now dig a pit of the diameter of this Ocean, of the same depth, i.e., 1000 Yojanas. Call it Qy; and fill it in with rape seeds like a topping Cone, as a was filled in. Then drop another rape seed in B, for the filling of ag.
Then take up the seeds from an and drop one each on the Continents and Oceans beginning with the Continent next to the Ocean where the last seed from a, was dropped. Wherever in a Continent or Ocean the last seed of ag is dropped, take the diameter of that as the diameter of the next pit a, which is also 1000 Yojanas deep. Fill it up conically like a, & ag. For the filling of az, drop a third rape seed into Bj.
Repeat till B, is filled in the usual top Conical form. The number of seeds in B, and of the pits from a, to a, is=Z.
For the filling of Bu, drop a seed in y. Repeat the same process of dropping one seed on each Continent and Ocean, beginning from the one next to where the last seed from the Qx pit
mh

Page #81

Jaina Gem Dictionary.
145
was dropped. The next pit, B, will be 1000 Yojanas deep and with a diameter of the Continent or Ocean where the last seed from the a: pit was dropped. Go on till there are 2 pits of the B class with over-increasing diameter. When the last B pit i.e.,' B: is exhausted, drop the last seed in Yı. Now y, is also conicalls filled. Then drop the first seed in 8.
Repeat till 8 is also filled. Then the nnmber of a, b, and y, pits till be 37. The number of seeds in the last of these 37 pits is the number D or Jaghanya Pariti asamklıyáta.
To find G=Jaghanya Yuktů Asamkhyata.
Take D and Virlana it, or spread it into its units; i.c., write down as many oncs as there are units in D. On the top of each one, place a D (called Deya). Multiply all together. The product
D is D. This is equal to G. This is the number of instants (samaya) in an Âuuli or wink.
To find M=Jaguanya Parîta Anauta.
Take J. Treat it to the third degree of Saláke-Virluna-Deya as below.
There are always three dispositions of the number treated. The first is called Salâkâ. Tho number is kept in this and is reduced by one at each completion of processes in the next thro dispositions. The second disposition is called Virlana. In this one is placed in as mauy places as there are units in the number. The third disposition is Deya. It is the number which is given to bo placed on the top of crers unit in the Virlaun. The first Dcya is always the number itself.
Let us treat 3 by this method. We place 3 as Salviki. To place 3 ones under Virlana ; and the Deya is 3.
In the Virlana on the top of each 1 tre place 3. Te multiply all these threes and get 3x3x3=27. This is the next Deya. Nor wo reduce the s'aláka by one. So at the second stop wo late 2 as Salvika: 27 ones as Tirlanu ;
27 and 27 as Deyn. The next Deya rould be 27. Nos se reduce
10

Page #82

146
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
the S'aliikıi by another one. So at the third step we have 1 as 27
27 S'alaka; 27 ones as Virian, and 27 as Deya. The noxt Deya or the result of
( 27 ) Virlana is 137 . Now we can reduce the S'aldiká by one norc.
The process is completo. The result is (
Let us express it symbolically thus : 27, which means that 27 is to be written four times, once as a base, then as a power of that base, then as a power of that power and so on.
If we take the last result, i.C., 27, and treat it by the Suláka method as we treated the three above, it would be a two-fold' treatment. The result of this second treatment also being treated in tlie Saiakii way will give us the third degree Saláka treatment of 3. This is technically called Salaku-Traya-Nistluipana. The resnit of treating J like this is a kind of K. To this result add the following six : 1. The innumerable spatial units of the substance of No
tion (Dharma Drarya), 2. The innumerable spatial units of the substance of Rest
(Adharma Dravya). 3. The innumerable spatial units of one Soul (ek Jiva Dravya.) 4. The innumerable spatial units of the Universe-Space
(Lokakasa). 5. Innamerable x innumerable spatial units, i.e., the number
of non-host individual Souls (Apratişthita Pratyeka). Innumerable x innumerable spatial units, i.e., the number
of host individual Souls (Sapratişthit a Pratycka).

Page #83

Jaina Gem Dictionary.
147
: 'Take the total of these 7 and treat it to salaka-Traya-Nisthưimana as above. The result is again a kind of K. To this add the following four :
1. Instants of the cycle of Avasarpini and Utsarpini (the in• stants of 20 crore X crore Sagaras of years). 2. Innumerable x innumerable, i.c., the number of thought
activities of the soul which determine the duration of
bondage of Karmas (Sthiti-bandha Adhyayasaya-Sthâna). 3. Innumerable x innumerable, i.e., the number of degrees
of passion which determine the intensity or the mild or strong frnition, of bondage of Karmas (Anubhaga-vandba
Adhyavasaya Sthâna), 4. Innumerable x innumerable, i.c., the number of the units
of soul's vibratory activities (Avibhaga pratichchheda of
Yoga). Take the total of these five and treat it to Salak.i-Traya-listhápana as above. The result is eqnal to N.
To find U=Otkrişta Ananti Ananta.
Takes. Treat it to Salaka-Trayn-Nisthapana. Tlie result is a kind of T. To this add the following six : 1. Infinite part of all souls, i.c., the number of Liberated souls
(Siddhas). 2. Infinite x above, i.c., number of common regetable (sûdh:rana yanaspati) rigoda souls (i.c. all the mundave souls except the carth, water, fire, air, and vegetable, and mobiles ; i.f. Sadharana
vegetable nigoxla). 3. Infinite Xabove, i.c., number of all regetable souls (Vanas
pati). 4. Infinite Xall souls, i,l., the number of atoms of matter(Puci
gala). 5. Infinite x inanite matter-atoms, i.c., nunber of instants in
Practical Time (Vyarahâra Kala.)
Lin.
de

Page #84

148
t/
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
6. Infinite X infinite instants in Practical Time, i.e., the num-.
ber of spatial units in the non-universe space (Alokâkāśa). . . Take the total of these soven, and treat it to Śaláká-Traya-Nişthapana. The result is a kind of T. To this add the Infinite x the Infinite which is the number of units (Avibhaga Pratichchheda) of the Individuality attribute (Aguru laghu guna) in the substances of Motion and Rest (Dharma and Adharma Dravya).
Take the total of these two, and treat it to Saláká-Traya-Nişthapana. The result is a kind of T.
Subtract this from the number of units (Avibhaga Pratichchheda) of perfect knowledge (Kevala Juâna); and then add it to the remainder,
Thus the number of units of Perfect Knowledge is U.
This last subtraction and addition of the same is to show that even this last kind of T, soul-straining though it is, is nothing compared with U, Omniscience which is the goal and glory of Jainism, being the highest and the most Ideal condition of the Purest possible soul.
10:
Note that the expression "innumerable X innumerable," and "infinite x infinite" is employed above, because the innumerables and the infinites are not the same. By this time it will be clear that there are a huge number of these innumerables and nfinites, in the Middle kinds, included in E, H, K and in N, Q & T.

Page #85

APPENDIX C.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
Brich Statement of Series of 14 kinds-(Dhårá). 1. Sarva. 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 0,... 2. Sama. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,............ 3. Vişama. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,............ 4. Kriti. 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 02, .......... 5. Akriti. (barva minus Kriti terms) 2, 3.5 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 17,...... 6. Ghana. 13, 23, 33, 4,3 53, 63,... ...... - 7. Aghana (Sarva minus Ghana terms) 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13,......... 8. Kriti Matrika 1, 2, 3, up to 7U. 9. Akriti „ VŪ+1, VÜ+2, &c. up to U 10. Ghana , 1, 2, 3 up to last cubable number (=T)
before U. 11. Aghana Matrika 5+1, 4+2.......U.
+
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
12. Dvirûpa Varga 2, 2, 2, 2 (Pannattii), (Vadála), 2(Ekatthi)&c. 18. Ghana Ghana 3*(); (3) (1) (3).° (13) * (33) 09
&c. &c. the last 3 terms are cubes respectively of Pannatthi, Vadala, and Ekatthi.
4 S 16 32 14. Ghana Ghanaghana 2 or 512, (512), (512), (512), (512), (512)
&c. &c.
3

Page #86

Jaina Gem Dictionary.':
Note: There are innumerable concentric rings of alternate
Continents and Oceans. The first is Jambadvîpa with a diameter of 1 lac Yojanas. Each ring has its breadth equal' to double of its predecessor's. The sories of their diamoters in lacs of yojanas.is 1, 5, 13, 29, 01, 125, 253, 509, 1021, 2045, 4093, 8189.
10381, 32765, 05533,. The differences are: 4 8 16 32 64 128 250. Eaclı term is double
of its immediate predecessor+3 tol (diameter of the nth ring) =24+*_3.
i-3=15336 diameter for the
15th ring, i.c., the - 3 - 05533
8th continent. There are 14 kinds of series. (Dhárâ).
-
9"
Sarva Saina Vişama Kriti Akriti Ghana Aghana (All). (Even). (Oda). (Square).) (on-squaro). (Cube). (Non-cabe!.
Kriti Matrika (Squarable).
Akriti
Mitarika (Non-squamble).
Gliana
Aghapa Matrika Mätrika (Cabable). (Non-cubable).
Dvirûpa Vargn. Dvirûpa Ghana. Dvirûpa Ghanaghana. (2 Square (2 Cube
(2 Cabe Square Square
Cube Square square)
Square
Square). Sarra.--1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...to U. Arithmetic progression with 1 3s
common Difference, and 1 as first term Sana.-2, 4, 6, 8, 10,...to - Arithmetic progression) with 2 as comnion difference and 2 as
" The No. first term.
of terms Vişama.--1, 3, 5, 7, 9,...to U. Arithmetic progressionis of
· with 2 as common difference and one as U.
first term.
:

Page #87

:
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
151
· Kriti.-1, 4, 9, 16, 25,... to U. Series in which each term is the
ms in Sarya. The number of Kriti sau
terms=yU. Âkriti--2, 3, 5, 6 (U-1). This is the Sarva series, omitting all
the square numbers as 4, 9, 16, 25, from it. In brief
it is Sarva minus Kạiti series. Ghana-1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216,... to the last cubic number before
U. The cube root of the last term is the number of
terns in this series. Aghana-Sarya ininus Ghana. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16,...20, 28... 63, 65...124, 126, &c &c. This is
Sarva series minus cubic numbers. Kriti Matrika-1, 2, 3, &c. up to vŪ. Each term can be squar
ed. Number of terms is vo. Akriti Mâtrika-VŪ+1, VŪ–2 &c. up to U. No term can be
squared. Number of terms is U-VU. Ghana Matrika-1, 2, 3, &c. up to the cube-root of last cubic
number before U. The Number of terms=thc cubo
root of the last term (call it). Aghana Matrika-641, 94.2,...U. Number of terins here is
0-9.
܀ ܀ ܀
܀
Dviraps Varga--2; 2; 2; 2 (called Pannatthi=05536); (05535 =1=16=256
called Vädala; (4299 67296). called Ekatthi=18446744073709551616 ;
&c., ec.
2
Where there is a Madhyama Sankhyata term, of which the square is ] then the Varga (Saláká) of that term is tho Varga Saláká of D. Ardha Chheda is the number of times that a given

Page #88

Jaina Gem Dictionary.
number can be halvca. As-Ardha Chheda of 4 is 2,
8 is 3, 16 is 4, 32 is 5, 64 is 6 &c. Dvirûpa Ghana-Geometric Progression, each term is square
of its predecessor and first term is 2.
2
=8, 304, 4096,
(2) c e content are se repose people are * c. &c. =2 627 12,47712863 (2103 (202); &c. &c. Note:-? is called i'aynaţthi.
?
Vadala. 64
2 , Ekatthí. Dvirúpa Ghanaghana-Geometric Progression in which cach,
term is sgnare of its predecessor and the first term
3
is (2)=512.
2=512,
2
262144,

Page #89

APPENDIX D.
Measure of time aitu spacc.
Palya (Granary pit.)
Sâgara (Ocean.)
Suchyangula Pratarângula (Linear finger.) (Square finger.)
| Ghana ngula Jagat sreni Loka-Pratara Loka-ghana (Cubic finger.) (Basic line of (Basic area of (Volume of the
the universe the universe universe =7 rajjus.) =49 square =343 cubic
rajjus.) rajjus.) Vyavahara-palya Udbhâra-palya Addha-palya.
'Palya. Vyavahåra P.
m is used for numbering the hair-ends. Uddhara P.
Continents and Oceans. Addha P.- -
duration of Karnas and ages &c. of celes
tial beings, &c. 002=(Infinite xintinite material atoins=1 Avasannâsanna (Avasan-
na=limit terminal) (a). 8 a=1 Sanvâsanna (s), 8s=1 tritareņu (t). St=1 trasareņu (tr) 8 tr=1 ratlareņu (r) 8 r=1 hair end of Uttama-bhoga-bliuwi (1..) 8 h.u.=1 hair end of Madhyama-bhoga-bhūmi (h.m.) 8 h.m.=1 , Jaghanya
(.j.) S kj=1 . Karma
(h.k.)
.

Page #90

Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Sh.k.1 nit (p) Lika
8 n=1 rape-sced (r. 5.) sasson 8 r. 5.31 barley (b)
sh=1 utseda (u) finger (1) utseda (lit.=height, thickness, fat
ness.) It is uscd in mcasuring the bodies of hellish, celestial, human and sub-human beings and the cities
and temples &c. of the celestial beings. 500 uf.=1 Pramina finger (p.f.). It is used in measuring conti.'
nents, oceans, rivers and lakes &c. =1 Átmî angula, own finger (of). It is the own finger at any
particnlar time of people in Bharata and Airavata regions, Bows, utensils, ornaments, liouses, gardens &c. are measured by this.
G=1 pada foot (pi 2 p=1 Span (sp) 2 sp=1 Cobit (c) 20=1 Vişa. (V) 2 r=1 bom, dhanusa (ah) 2000 dh1 Koşa (K)
1 k=1 Yojana. · Dig a pit in depth and diameter 1 Pramına yojana (2000
utseda Koşa) Fill it packed with h.u.'s li.e., hair-ends of a lamb of Uttama-bhogabhūmi) level with the earth's surface. To find the . number of h.u.'s, square the diameter, multiply by 10, this gives
tlır circumference; multiply by 1 of diameter.
In Jaina Books == . Thus õīd=v3 + 23vq=31

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Jäina Gem Dictionary.
".155
The rule is :-To tlië neárost square-root add the remainder 2x square root. 1.6.V2./1+2.1=1+1=.
10
the volume of tlie pit is (where r=radius and h=depth), ' + r"= V10x (5)*x i=1*: Cube yojanas cubie yojanas.
'The'h.u.'s in it are max (4 x 2000 x 2x2x2x2x6x500x8390 =413452630308203177740512192000000000000000000 (45 figures),
Take out one hair ond (h. u.) in 100 years; when the pit is . empty, you get the Vyavalára Palya. That is the number of years
in .it is '4134520303082031777495121:9200000000000000000000 (47 igures). :
To reduce these years into instants (Samaya), se lave . :: 1 year=2 ayana (six months). itayana-3 ritu (season). .
. . . . l'ritu=2 masa (months). 1 masa=30 aliorâtra (days and niglits). . . 1 ahoratra=30 mnhûrta.
1 muhûrta=sankliyata a valî.' .
1 kvali=Jagbanya yukta Asandhyâtă Samaya (GOD) Insta i Vadhuira palya. Take the instants of asankhyîta crore;
multiply them by the 15 figured'. Vyavaluirci Palya. The prod number of Samayas (instants i Palya.
These multiplied .. give tho number of ci
of the Middin Worm Addna Palya, Take the instants of
los llie insta
product is . ..Addha Pr'

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Ságura. 19 crorex crore Palyas of any kind male. This!..
ma of the corresponding kind. Trong Eúchyigula (lincar singer). Addha Palya Being raise 22" ;
power of its number of halring i chchhedas) is one Sùchgaugala. It number of spatial units in that pal : space which is one Pramânângula and one spatial unit (pradeśa) in bre
and height. Pratarángula (square finger) is the square suchyângula. . Ghanangula (cnhic finger) is the cube of suchyângula. Jagat śreņi. Divide the number of halvings of one
Palya by innumerable Gbanângula i to the power of the quotient is 31
śreni,=7 Rajjus. . Jagat Pratara is the square of Jagat-sreni=43 square raji Loka Ghana cube 1. =343 cube
:

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Sárvaghâti sparddhaka (hafa faal) Karmic · matter which obscures wholly.
Sarvajña (aş)-The all-knowing. Sarvajñânadarsî (HAşagif)--All-knowing, all cona
tive. Sarvârtha siddhi (Haitials).—The last Anuttara " -a region above the Heavens,
Saryâvadhi (Falafet) -Pull visual knowledge. Sâsâdana gunasthâna (ETETICI TUFUTA)— The
, 2nd spiritual stage, i.c., downfall. Sâsana (971977) --Scriptures. Sâsvata (FITAT) --Permanent, Sat (a )-Existence ; is-ness ; Real; True. Satâra (AATT) ---The name of the 11th Heaven. Satiśaya-apramatta virata (araga 7777 fara)
The stage of perfect vows, where the soul does not i slip down to the 6th stage, but is on the point of ascend.
ing to the 8th spiritual stage. Şatkâpakramayukta (qesi14 TH) - With move.
ments in Six directions in going from one condition of i existence to another. Sattâ (FTTT)--Is-ness; Existence. Existence of karmic
matter as binding the soul.. Satva (cat)--Soul; Being.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Satya pravâda pûrva (acy Targ )--The 6th
Parva in the 12th Añga of the Scriptures. Saucha (5119).--Contentment. Saudharma (TER) The name of the 1st Heaven. : Savikalpa (Alanica)-The attention which accompanies
the eight kinds of knowledge. Savipâka nirjarâ (Afaqen Favret)—Shedding of the
Karmas on proper maturity. Savišvarûpa (alanda)-With different natures. Sayoga kevali (Hitaat)-The 13th spiritual stage.
vibrating perfect soul. Sena ( ) ---One of the four orders of Digambara Jaina
ascetics. Sikşâ vrata (FTET - Disciplinary vows. Sila ()-7 Supplementary vows; chastity. Sila (11)-One of 7 supplementary vows, chastity , Siddha (Fe)-Liberated soul; God. Siddhanta (Ferra)-(1) The Jaina Canon. (2) A
badartha or category of the Nyaya school of philosophy.. Siddha sâdhana (akinchitkara) hetvâbhâsa.
free Era (Thracine) Eratura-A fallacy in which the conclusion drawn is merely the meaning itself of the premiss. As, fire is hot. It is self-evident
and needs no proof. It is redundant. Siddhi (FAR)Determination...

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101
Sinha (iz). One of the four orders of Digambara Jaina
ascetics. Sindhu (h) -A river in Bharata. Sîtâ (HE)-A river in Videha.
Sîtodâ (HCIçi) - A river in Videha. · Skandha (FET) (1) Molecule. (2)=Khandha=one
of the five aggregates or groups of Buddhism. : Skandhadesa (FREGET) --Half-molecule. Supposing
a molecule has 16 atoms. Then 16 atoms, are the maxi. mum molecule: 9 the minimum. 8 is the maximum hall. molecule, 5 the minimum. 4 is the maximum quarter.
molecule; 2 the minimum, Skandhapradeśa (France)-Quarter molecule, see
Skandhadeśa. . Smriti (Far)--Remembrance. Smriti samanvâhâra (Fala fraiert) - Repeat
edly thinking of. Smsityantarâdhâna (
F E TE )-Forgetting :. the limits. : Smrityanupasthâna ( 4546417)-Forgetting
: the due formalities. Snâtaka (ata)—The Kevalin, in the 13th and 14th
stages of spirituality. . Snigdha (FETE)-Smooth. Spardhaka ()—A group of vargana (q. v.) .

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Sparśana indriya (Fq2jTE FT)-Organ of.touch. Sraddhana (PTT) --Belief; conviction. Sramaņa (HU)--Kevalin or the omniscient: saint. Srâvaka (795)--Layman with partial vows of the 5th
stage of spirituality. Srávikâ (enfacht)-Laywoman with partial vows. Sreņi (701) —A straight line of spatial units from end to
end. Śreni is the ladder of spiritual advancement by going up which the 21 sub-classes of right-conduct-delud. ing Karmas begin either to subside or to be destroyed. That in which subsidence takes place, is called 3474 (upasama sreni), the subsidential ladder. That in which destruction takes place is called kşapaka treni)
the destructive ladder. Srotra (1=1) Ears. Srutajūâna (Qaştat)---Scriptural knowledge. It is
based on matijñâna, and is of things other than those to
which matijñâna relates. Srutakevalî (Zagott-Saints who know all the
Scriptures thoroughly. Stanita kumâra (Farragirrt)The 7th class of
residential order of celestial beings. Steya (Fries)-Theft; taking what is not given. Sthalagatâ châlikâ (FECTTAT FT) —The 2nd
Chalikâ in the 12th Aŭga of the Scriptures. Sthânânga (FETHİT) ---The 3rd Añga of the Scriptures.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Sthápaná niksepa ( स्थापनानिक्षेप) -- Representative aspect: representation of one thing by another.
Sthâvara (FT)—Immobile souls.
Sthavira kalpi ( स्थविरकल्पी) – A member of an Order
of Monks.
103
Sthitibandha (fyfaqe)—Duration of the attachment
of karmic matter to the Soul.
Sthûla (F)—Liquid; matter which on being parted falls back into union by itself.
Sthûla sûkṣma (FY HEH)—Vâdara sûkṛma (q.v.) Strî veda (a)—Feminine inclination. Styânagriddhi (F)—Somnambulism, Subha taijasa (H GA)—Beneficent electric body,
emanating from a compassionate saint. Suddha samprayoga (शुद्ध संप्रयोग ) - Attachment
or devotion to the pure souls, i.e., Arhats and Siddhas.
Sukha (g)-Enjoyment, happiness.
Sukhamâ (1)—The second age of the avasarpiņi, the present æon=3 crore into crore Sâgaras. Sukhamā dukhama (सुखमा दुःखमा ) – The third age of avasarpini, the present æon=2 crore into crore Sâgaras.
Sukhamā sukhama (सुखमा सुखमा ) - The first age of the avasarpini, the present on 4 crore into crore Sâgaras.

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Sukhânubandha (gargerT) --Remembrance of past
enjoyments. Sukla dhyâna (E ETTT)--Pure concentration of the
soul on itself. Sukra (97) --The planet Venus. The name of the 3rd
Heaven.. Sûkşma (EE)--Fine, as karmic molecules. . Sûkşma jîva ( FLH ofte )-Fine-bodied souls (which
are not destroyed by any one). Sûkşma kriyâpratipâți (ehet afatla) --The
3rd Pure concentration, in which the deeply absorbed • soul has fine vibrations. Sükşma sâmparâya (FE# Fiqra)—Slightest Delu
‘sion. Tenth spiritual stage, where all the passions are suppressed or destroyed escept the slightest greed; right
conduct all but free from passion. Sûkşma sthûla (FLEA FYZ) ----See Sükşnıa vâdara. Sûkşma sûkşma (FTE FEH)-Fine-fine ; very fine.
Finer than karmic molecules till we reach the molecule
of 2 atoms. Sûksmatva (FEET)-Fineness, one of the 8 qualities
of a Siddha, due to the absence of body.determining
Karma. Sûkşma vâdara ( argt)-Fine-gross. Invisible:
to the eye, but apprehended by the other 4 senses; as air, sound, smell.

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Suparna kumâra (@TUHATT) --The 4th class of
: residential order of celestial beings. Sûrya (FC)-Sun, the 1st class of the stellar order of
celestial beings. Sürya prajñapti ( UŞI)-The 2nd Parikarmi
in the 12th Añga of the Scriptures. Sușira (arat)-Sounds from flute, etc. Sûtra (HET) --A division of the 12th Añga of the Scrip
tures. Sentence or Vâkya, Yoga, Laksana = sentence. Sûtrakritânga (FETHAIT)-The 2nd Añga of the
Scriptures. Svabhâva (F779)--Argument in which the middle
term gives the property of the major term. Svabhâva-artha-paryâya (Fata e quit)
Self-non-spatial modification. Modification in any attribute of a substance, except spatiality, such as is
caused by the substance itself; as, in the pure knowing i attribute of the soul. Svabhava mârdava -(ETHIC HIC)--Naturally
humble disposition. Svabhâvaniyata (972 )—Steadfast in its ".. own nature. Svabhâva-vyañjana-paryâya (ERT Bich gefr)
Self-modification of spatiality as, in the liberated condi
tion of the soul. Svâdhyâya (FOTEUTT) --Study of the Scriptures.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Svaka charitra bhrasta (
चरित्र भ्रष्ट ) - Having fallen from self-conduct (i.e., from the path which leads to self-realization).
Svakam samayam ( )—Self-absorption. Svâmitva (aa)—Possession; Inherence. Svara ()—Sound. The gamut consists of seven tones, Sadja, Risabha, Gândhâra, Madhyama, Panchama, Dhaivata, Nigâdha, which are represented in English by the Tones. Do. Re. Me. Fa. Sol. La, Si.
Svârthânumâna (417)—The inference itself. Svarúpácharana charitra (स्वरूपाचरण चारित्र ) -
The conduct in self-absorption and never separable. from it. This is produced by the subsidence or destruction of the four error-feeding passions.
Svarûpâ siddha (41
face of it.
Svarûpa viparyâsa (
g)—Unproveable on the
faчie)-Mistake in
the nature or character of a thing.
Svâsochchhvâsa-kâla (sareìgreat)—Śvâsochchhvâsa is the time taken by the pulse of a healthy man to beat once. There are 3773 pulse-beats in one muhûrta or 48 minutes. Thus in one minute the pulsebeats of a healthy man are 78 2. According to modern science, the frequency of pulse-beats of a normal healthy person is from 70 to 75 per minute-an almost exact anticipation of modern physiological research by ancient Jaina writers.

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107
...In fineart thania-Goinmațasara Jîva Kanda gâthâs, 573-574, the frequency is calculated as follows:
7 oare (uchchhvâsa or pulse-beats=1 ara stoka.) 7 Stokas=1 ( a ) (lava.) 381 lavas=1 (71cî) (1zâli.) 2 nâlis=1 (Jam) (muhůrta.)
Thus the number of pulse-beats in one muhůrta=2x 381x7x7=77x7 x 7=539x7=3773. In one mu• "Trûrta, there are 48 minutes, therefore the frequency
of pulse-beats per minute, according to Jainism, is 319=7838.
In ganga (şat pâluda), the chapter on Hange, (bhâua pâhida), gâthâs, 28-29 an antar muhúrta is calculated as follows:---Labdhya paryâpta (q.v.) Souls die 18 times in one pulse-beat. In one antar muhûrta they die 66336 times ;.1 antar mulůrta=66396 pulse-beats. As there are 379 pulse-beats in one minute, therefore the number of minutes in one antarmuhúrta is
66336
31
18 06330 X 48 3773 = 18x3773=46 minutes 53 3773 seconds. But
48 : this antarmulärta is madlıyama or middle. : The utkrista' or maximum antarmuhúrta is 48. minutes minus one samaya (q.v.)=48 minutes practically. . The jaglanya or minimum antar ruhúrta is 1
samaya +1 âvali (q.v.) (see Gommațasara Jîva Rându ::gâthâs, 574 (1) p. 120 of Edition 1911, Bombay).

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Svasthâna-apramatta-virata (FTFUTA YHT?
Tāta)-- It is the stage of perfect vows, from which the soul repeatedly falls down to the 6th, re-ascends to the 7th and falls down again to the 6th and so on for
thousands of times. Svâti samsthâna (Falla FFYT)-A small head
with a big body. Svavachanabâdhita (Falahatina) --Self-contradictory premiss.
My mother is barren. Svayambhû (Equiv)-The soul identical with its orin
reality and nature. Svayambhû ramana (FAITHU) —The name of the
last continent and ocean. Syâdasti (FATEFFA) —From the point of view of its own
subject-matter, place, time, and nature, the substance is,
i e., it exists as itself. Syâdvâda (F41&TC)-—The system of Jaina Logic, by
which things can be explained from seven different
points of view. Syât asti avaktavya (Rita Pra Famou)-From
the standpoint of its own quaternary and at the same time from the joint quaternary of itself and the non
self, a substance is and is also unpredicable. · Syât astinâsti (Fita FETES — From the stand:
point of the quaternary relating to itself and the non-self

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109
a substance is and is not, if we make the statement
successively. Syat astinasti avaktavya. (स्यात् अस्ति नास्ति
10 Toy)-From the point of view of its own quaternary and the non-substance quaternary, and at the same time from the joint quaternary of itself and non-substance,
the substance is and is not and is unpredicable. Syât avaktavya (Fala 1970)-The substance is
unprėdicable, if we wish to make at once statements · about it from the point of view of itself and of the non· self. Syâtnâsti (PARCATLET From the standpoint of non
substance quaternary, a substance is not, i.e., it is not
non-substance. Syật nâsti avaktavya (eta ATEST 1970)
From the standpoint of the non-self quaternary and at the same time from the joint quaternary of itself and the non-self, substance is not and is also unpredicable.
Tadâkâra Sthâpanâ (
a ute FA1991) ----Represen* tation by a similar figure. Taijasa varganâ (acte asjur)-The material mole
cules which form the electric body. Tamaḥ prabhâ (an: THT)-The sixth stratum of the
earth, in hue like darkness,

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Tanmâtrâs (FFHTETT:)-Five of the 25 categories of th
Sânlshya School. They are evolved from Ahamkara. Tanuvâta (aart)-The thin-air atmosphere. Tapa (714)--Austerities. Tapaniya (a97714) --Red-hot gold. Tapariddhi (94 )--Power of austerities. Târaka (art)-Star; the 5th class of the stellar orde
of the celestial beings. Tarka (as)-Chintâ (q.v.); sometimes= to Thâ (q.v.) Tattva (az)--Topic or Principle of Jainism. Tatvajña (araş-A knower of the principles, o
Jainism. Tatvârtha (acare) --(Tattva, that-ness, a thing as i · is; thing in itself; artha that which is ascertained
things ascertained as they are. Tiginchha (fanisa) - A Lake on mountain Nişâdha. Tikta (fam)-Pungent. Tirthankaratva (arýanera) --Tirthankara Body. making Karmas.
Tirthankara is a Proclaimer of Liberation and the
guide on the path to it. Tiryagyonija (Ferreifact) Of Sub-human birth. Tiryañcha (fazis)-Sub-human beings. Trasa (Fe)-Many-sensed; mobile; capable of spon.
taneous movements.

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Trasa nâdi (=th arct) -Mobile channel. That part
of the universe outside of which living beings with only :, one sense are found. Trasareņu (RU)
(1) Trasareņu=8 urdhvareņu. or Truti-renu. :: 1 Urdhvareņu or Truti-reņu=8 sanjņâsanjņâ. i 1 Sanjâsanjpâ=8 utasanjnâsanjņâ.
1 Utasanjņâsanjị â = Infinite vavhârika atoms. (2) It is the smallest visible particle in the sunbeam and this is called the tertiary atom. It is a technical term used for the explanation of the atomic
theory of the Vaisesika school. Triloka vindusâra (FECTA TarghTT)—The 14th . Pûrva of the 12th Aõga of the Scriptures. Tuşita (aro )-The 6th class of Laukântika heavenly
beings. . , Tyâga (2010)--Renunciation.
Uchcha gotra (CE 113) —High family determining ... Karma. . Uchchhâdana (2016)--Concealing. Uchchhvâsa (Fonte)-- Respiration. Udadhikumara (ECTETSATT)-The 8th class of re
sidential order of celestial beings,

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Udâbarana ( EFTU)---The proposition in which an
induction is expressed; as where there is no fre, there
is no smoke, as in a tank, Udaya (Ecu) Operation of Karmas at maturity. .. Udayâbhâvikşaya (Scanala)-Destruction of
Karmas without producing any effect on the soul by
operation. Udbhavana (sprat)--Proclaiming. Uddhâra palya (694)-=Innumerable vya
vahâra palyas. Uddişta Tyâga ()--a layman in the 11th
stage Pratimâ. It has two divisions Kşullaka having a sheet and loin-cloth only and ailaka having a loin-cloth
only, next to a naked monk. Uddista tyâga pratimâ (EFECCITAT) -
A layman refusing food specially prepared for him, this
is in the 11th Pratimâ. Udyota (
sa) -- Light. Ủha (GEI)hâ (q. v.) Ukta (576)--Perception of a thing which has been
described before. Ünodar (GFCT)-eating slightly less than one's fill. '. Upabhoga Antarâya (ETHIT PATET) Preventing
enjoyment of non-consumable things.

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113
Upabhoga Kşayika (STHITHTP1)-- Infinite attain
ment or enjoyment of non-consumable objects due to
purification caused by destruction of Karmas. Upabhoga, Paribhoganarthakya. (उपभोग परिभो
JIFU)-keeping too many consumable and non-con
sumable objects. Upabhoga Paribhoga Parimâņa 54HİT GRATUIT T roLimiting one's enjoyment of consumable and
non-consumable things. Urdhva (Fed) Higher. Upachâra Vinaya (8 991 fa90)-Observing proper
forms of respect. " Upacharitavyavabâra (39afa ETC) --Figura
tive, non-substantive practical standpoint. To mistake as one, things which are really and obviously quite separate. As to look upon one's worldly possessions
as one's own self. Upâdânakârana (Sarti Fru)-=Samartha
leârana (2.v.) Upâdhi (SME)Attachment to worldly objects. Upadhyâya (EYTETTT)—Preceptor (of an order of
Saints). Upagraha (sua) --Support. Upaghâta (qara).-I. Refuting the truth, knowing it to be such. 2. Possession of (a limb which causes
8 :

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Jaina Gem Dictionary,
one's own death); a suicidal limb, c.g., the horns of a stag, which get entangled and make the stag an
easy victim of death. Upagrahaņa (
E EU)--defects of in effective believers. Upakarana (397U)---Organ protecting environment. Upalabdhi (sqala)-(1) Establishing an affirmative
or negative proposition by a positive middle. (2) Knowing. Upamâna (971A) — Comparison. It is a Pramâna
accepted by the Nyâya and the Mlimansaka schools of
philosophy. Upanaya (EGF)--Similarity in the observation which
is the basis of an induction with the observation which is the basis of the deductive conclusion. E.g., in the syllogism There is fire on the mountain;
because there is smoke there; where there is smoke, there is fire as in the kitchen ;
So there is smoke on the mountain ; .. there is fire on the mountain.
Here the fourth proposition : 'so there is smoke on the mountain' is called 3479 Upanaya. The first is alde pratijñâ; the second is 6747 Sadhana ; the third is eart Udaharana; and the fifth is Formati nigarana. Note that the wording of pratijñâ and nigamana is the same ; pratijsâ is the postulating of the proposition to be proved, whereas nigamana is the statement that

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115
the pratijñâ has been proved. Similarly, the wording of Sadhana and upanaya is the same, Sadhana is just indicating the basis of the conclusion; upanaya is the employment of this basis in the actual argument itself,
Roughly one can say that the first two propositions are preliminary or introductory. They are both repeated in the conclusion and one of the premisses respectively. The real argument lies in the last 3 propositions, which in their arrangement and logical cogency represent the major and minor premisses and the conclusion of Aris. totelean or European Logic.
From another point of view, the first two propositions may be said to contain the whole argument. The pratijñâ is the conclusion; and the Sadhana, the basis of it. The major premiss which contains the middle term and the subject of the conclusion is suppressed, and supposed to be known and admitted, e.g,, we want to prove that there is fire on the mountain: We do so by observing smoke on it. Our syllogism is. There is fire on the mountain, because there is smoke on it. The connection between fire and smoke is unexpressed; it is supposed to be known and admitted universally. Froni this point of view, the third proposition STIEKE Udalarance is more of an induction than deduction. In this the induction that where there is smoke, there is fire, is expressed; how this is arrived at is indicated by the dristânta half of it, as in the kitchen &c. This mention of kitchen is symbolical of all places where fire and smoke are both observed to exist as cause and effect.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
This induction is sometimes further fortified and safe. guarded by making a negative observation; i.C., by observing that where there is no fire, there is no smoke, as in a tank, or rather by observing that where fire is impossible, there smoke is never found.
The first two propositions are said to be sufficient for the intelligent and the knowing. But for greater'explanation and exposition, the argument is spun over the 5 propositions of Jaina and Nyâya Logic.
[See Manikya Nandi's Parîkşâ Mukha, Chapter III, Sutrás 32 & 41.] Upapâda (39976) - Instantaneous rise, as the birth of
celestial and hellish beings. Upâsakâdhyayana (ETTETEZ4761)-The 7th Añga **
of the Scriptures. Upasama (3497)-Subsidence.' Upasamaka (U7)-(1) Subsidential. Subsidence
is the non-manifestation of the power of a Karma owing: to the auxiliary help of substance, place, time and thought activity or quality of thought. (2) The saint whose right •
conduct deluding karmas are subsiding. Upasama Samyaktva (599THERIT)-Subsidential
right belief. Upasamaśreņi (FUTUT) See Śrenî. Upaśânta Moha (Egre FIE) Subsided delusion...
The saint whose right conduct deluding karmas have totally subsided; the 11th spiritual stage.

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117
Upasarga ( a)Disturbance caused by human,
sub-human, and celestial beings and inanimate accidents. Upasthapanâ (SYE31471--Fresh admission after
espulsion from the order. Upâtta (5917) The Karmic and non-karmic matter
assimilated by the soul. Urdhvagati (Feat tha)—Upward, direct motion, Urddhvaloka (zea )The upper world. From
the summit of mount Meru to the end of the Universe. Utkarşana (ECU) Increase in the duration of
karmas (which are bound to the soul already). Utpâda (5697€) --Coming into existence, birth.. Utpâda Pârva (care 5)—The 1st Pûrva in 12th
Anga of the Scriptures. Utsanjñâ Sanjñâ (ECHİŞTI HŞIT).—- Infinite and infinite
atoms. Utsarga (Ecari)-Escretion. Utsarpiņi (FHIQUI)-The won of increase: The
rising of the wheel. Utsedha angula (EFÈT ÍTA)-Small finger in its
breadth=8 barley seeds in diameter. Uttama kşamâ (TTTH FT)---Highest forgiveness. Uttarachara (STRE ET) - Succession. Inference of
what has gone before from what follows it.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary...
Uttarâdhyayana Prakirņaka (STITEUYA
Tohtumi)- The 8th Angabahya part of the Scriptures. Uttaraguna Nirvartana (उत्तर गुण निर्वर्तना)
Production of books, statues &c. Uttarakuru (TRE) ---That portion of the Videha
in the north where there is Bhoga Bhûmi. Uttara Prakriti (ETRTEKA)—Secondary nature of
karmic matter. Uttarottara Prakriti (STRITTE ETT) ----Tertiary
nature of karmic matter.
Vâda (ar)-One of the 16 categories of the Nyâya
school of philosophy. Vâdara (TCT)Gross: as milk, water, etc. Substances
which, on being separated, reunite. Vâdara Jiva (arge oila) Dense-bodied souls. , Vâdara Sâmparâya (arça FIFTTTT)--The stage of
slightly gross passions, i.e., the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th
stages of spirituality. Vâdara Sûkşma (arç 767)-Gross fine ; Visible to
the eye, but incapable of being grasped ; as sunshine,
&c. Vâdara Vâdara (angt 91T)--Gross-Gross; very
gross. As wood, stone, etc. which being cut into two cannot reunite by themselves.
.

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119.
.. Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Câggocharabhàg Pratîta (art at HUT Sat)
Indescribable; Incapable of being expressed in language. Tahni (af)-The 3rd class of Laukântika heavenly
beings. Vaibhâvikaguna (ahia JU)-The attribute by
which the soul is thrown into the non-self thought
activity, on being bound by the non-soul. Vaidharmya (@rut) — Vyatireka dristânta (q. v.) Vaijayanta (arrerst)—The Second Anuttara, a region
above the heavens. Vaikharî (
aet)-Sound vibrations which reach the ear. Vaikrivika (aerian)Physical body of a fluid na.
ture: like that of hellish and celestial beings. Vaikriyika Misra (antara )-Fluid body with
the karmic body. Vaimânika (ahh) —Heavenly bodies. Vainayika (TFT ) —Wrong belief in which religion
is identified with veneration of parents, etc. It is of 32
kinds. Vairâgya (attra)--Non-attachment. Vaisesika ( ago) A follower of Kanada; like the
Bauddhas they believe in 2 Pramânas, perception and inference.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Vaiyâvritya (T)—Service (of the Saints and worthy people).
120
Vaiyâvrityakaraṇa (Serving the
meritorious.
Vajra Nârâcha (Samhanana) [aga (Ága)) -Adamantine ligatures and bones.
)]
Vajra Risabha Nârâcha Samhanana (ऋषभनाराच संहनन ) - Adamantine character of the bones, etc. A kind of physical constitution of the human body. There is Amphiarthrodial articulation, of joints; the bones are slightly moveable and united by an intervening substance,
Vakusa (a)-A possession-less Saint who has some consideration for his books, body and disciples. Vâmana Samsthâna (A)—Dwarf. Vanaspati Kâya (4)-Vegetable King
dom.
Vandanâ Prakirṇaka (1)The 3rd Anga Bâhya Śruta of Jaina Scriptures. Vardhamâna(a)-(1) Lord Mahavira, (2) Increasing (Visual knowledge).
Varga (a)—A Varga is one of the karmic atoms with an equal avibhāga pratichchheda (q. v.)
Varganâ (u)-—-Group of Vargas. Varsa (Division ; year.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Varṣadhara (ac)—Mountains which separate the
divisions of land.
Vartanâ (a)-Being; altering.
Vârunîvara
and ocean.
Vâstu (arg)-House. Vastutva (aga)-Functionality. Vasudeva (arg)-The same as Nârâyaṇa. Vâtakumâra (TAGHIT)—The 6th class of Residential order of celestial beings.
Vâta valaya (a)—Wind sheaths round the
121
(a)—Name of the 4th continent
universe,
Vâtsalya (a)-Loving regard for pious persons. Vâyu Kâya (a)—Air-embodied souls, 1 sensed beings.
Veda ()-Sex.
Vedanîya Karma (a)—Feeling karma; the karma which determines the pleasant or painful character of our feelings. Vibhangajñâna (f)-Wrong Visual know
ledge.
Vibhâva-artha-paryâya (f㤠¤â qafa)—Nonself, non-spatial modification. Modification in any attribute of a substance except spatiality, and such as is caused by the auxiliary operation of the non-self, such

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
as karmas, or impure thought activity of the soul as
attachment, etc. Vibhâvavyañjana paryâya (Tantra T FT)
--Non-self modification in spatiality, i.c., with the auxiliary assistance of the non-self, as karmas etc., as
the human etc. condition of existence of the soul. Vibhrama ( .- See viparyaya (q. v.) Vicharanâ (ATTUT)=îha (q. v.) Vichikitsa (falafeticeT)-Disgust, Vidâraña (facrcu)--Proclaiming others' sin. : Videha (face)-The 4th Division of Jambadvipa. Vidhana (fara)-Division. Vidhisâdhaka (fare F19.--Hetu which proves the
esistence of a fact. Vidisâ (aica) Cardinal directions; as North-East,
South-West, &c. Vidyâuuvâda Pîrva (faaligare get-The 10th
Pûrva in the 12th Auga of the Scriptures. Vidyuta Kumâra (arga )->The 3rd class of
Residential order of celestial beings. Vigama (TH)-Decay. Vigraha Vatî (faceast)-Passage o Mundane soul
from one incarnation to another. : Vihâya gati (fara yf)-Capacity of moving in
space.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
123
Vijaya (fast)----The 1st of the 5 Anuttara, highest
heavens. Vijñâna (ATT)--(1) Having perfect knowledge of
things as they are. (2) Consciousness. (3) One of the
5 Skandhas of Buddhism. Vikalanaya (farenotaret) Wrong point of view. Vikala paramārthika pratyaksa (विकलपारमार्थिक
FEIE) --Imperfect Real direct knowledge, i.c., of material objects without the assistance of the senses or the mind. The subject matter of this is only a part at a time; but the knowledge is clear.
This includes visual and mental knowledge. Vikala traya (anal )--Vikala traya are born only in
the Karma bliisii of 2... continents and in the further half of the last continent and in the whole of the last Ocean Svyambhiramana. They are 2, 3 or 4 sensed
sub-human-beings. Vikalendriya (fanatçu)---Having 2 to 4 out of the
5 organs of senses. Vikalpa ( 7).- Classes : kinds. Viksepinî (laagrit)-Narration which destroys errors, Vimâna (FHTAT)The Heavenly car or abode. Vimochitâvâsa (Chilearate)-- Residence in a de.
serted place. Vimoba (Faris)--=Anaddhya ra sâya (9.v.)

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Vinaya 'Mithyâdarśana (Tante HTUTETTA)
Taking every religious form to be equally worthy of
pursuit. (A kind of wrong belief). Vinaya Prakirnaka (fara garuhi)—The 5th An
gavâhya part of the Scriptures. Vinaya (Tapa) (Far) (29)-Reverence. (A kind
of austerity). Vipâka (977).- Fruition. Vipâka Vichaya (faqah f )--Contemplation of
fruition of Karmas. Vipaksa (9) A premiss from which the conclusion:
is certainly not possible. As, there is never any smoke
in a red-hot ball of iron. Vipâka Sûtra (raritet)--The 11th Anga of the
Scriptures. Viparita. Mithyadarsana. (विपरीत मिथ्यादर्शन)-- .
Perverse belief. Viparyaya (faquet)---Wrong knowledge Vipramokşa (FW THTET) — Freedom. Viprayoga (q )---Separation: Vipulamati (ayah)-Mental direct knowledge of .
thoughts of others about matter whether present now
or relating to the past or future time. Virati (farefi). To be free from; freedom. Virata, i.e., à

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Toing aming
Jaina Gem Dictionari
!
,
AS
.
saint with full vow in the 6th and 7th stage of spiri
tuality, Viruddha (raro) Hetue which contradicts the Sâdhya
2.v.) Viruddha hetvâbhâsa (Faroese ECATHT)—A pre
miss which is contradictory of the conclusion. As; there is svater there, because we see the smoke. This is contradictory, as smoke is a sign (FTETF Sadhana)
of fire and never of water. Viruddha Râjyâtikrama (faster Trade)
Illegal traffic with aliens, etc. Virya (Ksâyika) ali () --Infinite Power, due
to purification caused by destruction of Karmas. Vîryântarâya Karma (attiaer )---Karmic
, matter, obstructive of power. Vîryanuvâda Pârva (aligare ge-The 3rd
Pûrva in the 12th Anga of the Scriptures. Visarpa ( 14)—Expansion Vişaya Samrakşaņa aur #TATU)--Preservation
of objects of sense enjoyments. Viseşa (fagna)—(1) The peculiar quality or charac
teristic or accident of a thing, as distinguished from its . qualities as a member of a class, i.c., HARI (2) One
of the 7 categories of Vaiścșika school of philosophy. Viskambha (f261) --Breadth.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Visņu (fay)--The soul which by its knowledge can fill
the whole universe.
Vistara (fat)-Detailed exposition of the soul= Margana (q. v.)
Viśuddhi Labdhi - (विशुद्धि लब्धि) Attainment of a disposition for good and against bad actions. Vitaṇḍâ (favs)-One of the 16 categories of the Nyaya School.
Vitarâga (a)—Unattached to the non-self in any
way.
Vitarága Samyaktva ( वीतराग सम्यक्त्व ) -- Belief
without attachment.
126
Vitasti (aa)—Span=2 Pada.
Vitata ()-Sounds from drum, Kettle drum, etc. Vivara (f)-Place.
Viveka (a)--Giving up of much-beloved objects. Vivikta Sayyásana (विविक्त शय्यासन ) - Sitting and sleeping in a lonely place.
Vivrita (faga)-Exposed.
Vrata Pratimâ ( )—The 2nd Pratimâ, observing the 12 vows.
Vrisyeṣṭarasa (TA)—Quieting and aphrodisiac
drinks.
Vritti Parisankhyāna (वृत्ति परिसंख्यान ) - Mental

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
. 127
vow of a condition on fulfilment of which alone food can
be taken by a saint. Vyâkhyâ Prajñapti (Area UŞT)-The 5th Anga
of the Scriptures. The 5th Parikarma in the 12th Anga
of the Scriptures. Vyañjana (1979)-Verbal expression; Vjanjanasya,
i.e. of Vyañjana.- indeterminable sense object. Vyañjana paryâya ( 7414)--Spatial modifi
cation. Any change or modification in the attribute of
spatiality (pradesátva.) : Vyanjanâvagraha (ou parau -Perception of in
determinable sense-object. Vyantara (FCE) -Peripatetic. One of the four
orders of the celestial beings. Vyapadeśa (4992)-Description ; Definition. Vyâpaka (4147)-Genus; a class; a whole as tree
with reference to a mango tree. Vyaparopaña (@ TU)-Hurting. Vyâpti (@gh)Avinâbhâvasambandha (q. v.). Vyâpya uta)-Relationship of a part to the whole. Vyatireka (TFF)-Negative logical connection, i.C.,
- a denial of connection, Vyatirekadřiştânta (outata Eltra)-The obser
vation in which the premiss and the conclusion are both absent; as in a tank there is neither smoke nor fire. It is negative ( ÇETAT ) Dristânta.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Vyatireki (uf)—Successive. Vyavahara (4)-Conventional point of view. Vyavaháranaya ( व्यवहारनय ) - Practical point of view. As calling a pitcher of clay, a pitcher of water because it is filled with water.
128
Vyavahára Palya ( व्यवहार पल्य) - A circular pit
with a diameter of one yojana, i.e., 2000 Kosas, and of an equal depth is filled with the ends of the downy hair of a lamb of 7 days born in the highest Ehoga bhumi; one end of hair is taken out every 100 years. The time taken to empty the pit is one Vyavakâra Palya.=4,134526 3030820317774951219200000000000000000000 years.
Vyavahára Samyagdarśana ( व्यवहारसम्यग्दर्शन) Right belief of 7 principles, etc. from the practical point
of view.
Vyâvritti (A)—Paryâyârthika (9.v.) Vyaya (4)-Going out of existence, decay. Vyuchchhitti (off)-Extermination of a sub
class of Karma with reference to its bondage, operation or attendance on or association with the soul. Wherever the Vyuchchitti takes place, there is no more bondage, operation or attendance of Karma beyond that point.
Vyuparata kriyā nivritti (व्युपरत क्रिया निवृत्ति) - The 4th Pure concentration, unvibrating absorption of soul in itself.
F.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
129
Vyutsarga (CET)-Giving up of attachment to
the body.
Y.
Yadřichhâ (TE=21)--According to his own whims. Yakşa (T)--The 5th class of Peripatetic order of celes
tial beings. Yasah kîrti (:id)—Bringing good fame. Yathâkhyâta châritra (Tereyra aft)—Ideal
and passionless conduct. Yati (fi) Saint with control over the senses-a monk. Yoga (ETT)-1. Sentence : 2. Faculty of the soul to
attract matter: Vibratory activity of the soul which causes inflow of matter into the soul. (3) Contempla
tion ; (4) Impulse: Vibration : Yogaduḥpraạidhậna (TMG: GUETT)-Misdirec
tion of mind, body and speech. Yoganigraha (HIVE) - Control of Yoga s. e. of
mind, body, speech. · Yogaparikarma (îroria')-Vibratory thought
activity due to mind, body and speech. Yogasthâna (ETTEUT)-Degrees of soul's vibratory
activity. Yogavakratâ (Tritaat)—Non-straightforward work
ing of mind, body and words.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Yojana (CTA)-One yojana=2000 Kosas : Small
yojana=4 kosas. Yoni (TI)-The material environment in 'which the
incarnating soul finds lodgment. Yuka (94)--Louse=8 nits. Yukti (qfffi) - Perfectly logical and cogent ratiocina
tion, which helps self-realisation.

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APPENDIX A.
THE 148 SUB-CLASSES OF
THE 8 KARMAS. I. 5 qrarazafia Jñânåvaraniya (=1.), Knowledge
obscuring. 1. fa go Mati-j., Sensitive-Knowledge-obscuring. 2. un 3. Śruta-j., Scriptural 3. wafago Avadhi-j., Visual 4. 77:9 2 50 Manaḥparyaya-j., Mental ,
5. haa go Kevala-j., Perfect II. 9 qziararaftar Darsanâvaranîya (=d.), Conation
obscuring. 1. a. Chaksu-d., Ocular-Conation-obscuring. 2. rafo Achaksu-d., Non-ocular , , 3. Ona ço Avadhi-d., Visual se je 4. marta o Kevala-d., Perfect , , 5. tranfg Styânagriddhi, Somnambulism. 6. Fait may Nidrâ-sidrâ, Deep sleep. 7. DAT HTH Prachala-prachalâ, Heavy drowsiness. 8. Fargo Nidrâ, Sleep.
9. Agar Prachalâ, Drowsiness, III. 2 agafia Vedaniya, (=v.) Feeling. . 1. arm ao Sâtâ.o., Pleasure-feeling; that which brings
pleasure.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
2. ogia 10 Asâtâ.V., Pain-feeling; that which brings
pain,
IV. 28 Ataria Mohanîya, Deluding. 3 qintroira Darsana-mohaniya, Right-belief-deluding.
1. fra Mithyâtva, Wrong belief. 2. rafiqzziza (Fra) Samyagmithyâtra (mišra), Right
wrong belief; mixed wrong and right belief. 3. *6789 arsla Sainyalctra Prakriti, clouded right
belief; right belief clouded by slight wrong
belief. 25 qua pietra Châritru-mohaniya. Right-conduct-delud
ing. 16 hora Kaşaya, Passions. 4 pamain Anantânubandiri, Error-feeding passions.
1. u Krodha, Anger. 2. #19 Mlâna, Pride. 3. et Mâyâ, Deceit.
4. ETH Lobha, Greed. 4 maardlaratia Apratyakhyânâvaraniya, Partial
vow-preventing passions, the same four as
above, 4 Turennrarita Pratyûkhyânâvaraniya, Total-vow
preventing passions, the same four as above. 4 soat Samjoalana, Perfect-conduct.preventing
passions, the same four as above. This is the slightest degree of passion and co-exists with
self-restraint of a high order. 9 Arhyra or 14, Nokaşâya or Akaşaya, Quasi-passions ;
slight or minor passions.

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12
V. 4
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
1. Hâsya, Laughter; Risible or Laughter-pro
ducing.
Rati, Indulgence.
Arati, Ennui; dissatisfaction.
Soka, Sorrow.
2.
3.
4.
5. Bhaya, Fear.
6.
7.
8. Pumveda, Masculine
Jugupsâ, Disgust; aversion. Hiding one s own, and publishing other people's, shortcomings.
Striveda, Feminine inclination.
21
9. Napumsaka veda, Common sex g Ayu, Age-Karma.
1.
Narakâyu, Hellish age.
2. faisarg Tiryañchâyu, Sub-human age. 3. gang Manusyâyu, Human age.
4. ag Devayu, Celestial age.
VI. 93
Nâma, Body-making Karma.
4 afa Gati, Condition; Condition of existence Naraka, Hellish,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2. fais Tiryañcha, Sub-human.
3.
Manusya, Human. Deva, Celestial.
4.
5 fa Jati, Genus of beings.
Ekendriya, One-sensed. Bendriya, TwoTendriya, ThreeChaundriya, FourPanchendriya, Five-,,
31
31
39
133
13

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134
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
57a Sarira, bodies.
1, if Audarila, Physical. 2. Ofisiferente Vailriyika, Fluid. 3. ZITTE, Åhâraka, Assimilative. 4. asta Taijasa, Electric.
5. Táto Kârmâna, Karmic. 3 rain Angopanga, Limbs ; limbs and minor limbs.
1. Argifch Audarila, Physical. 2. aparazi Vailcriyila, Fluid.
3. Merce Ahâraka, Assimilative. 1 fato Nirmâna, Formation; proper formation of limbs
and minor limbs in relation to 4ra Sthana, Situation; and
ar Pramâna, Size ; dimension, 5 cm Bandhano, Bondage; molecular bondage; 5 names
according to 5 kinds of bodies. 5 Bora Samghâta, Interfusion; molecular interfusion,
5 names according to 5 kinds of bodies. 6 deara Samsthana, Figure; figure of the body. 1. Huaca Samachaturasra, Symmetrical; Perfect sym:
metry all round. 2. MYFTHOCH Nyagrodhaparimandala Banyan-like; short
in lower but large in upper extremities like a
banyar-tree. 3. Fara Svâti, Tapering; like a snake-hole: Broad in
lower but short in the upper extremities. Reverse
of the last. 4. Setti Kubjaka, Hunchback. : 5. am7 Vâmuna, Dwarf.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
135
6. 946 Hundaka, Unsymmetrical. 6 JETTA Samhanana, Skeleton; or osseous structure. 1. RTH TIT agata Vajra-risabha nârâcha samlanana,
Adamantine nerves, joints and bones. Adamantine nerves, joints (or amphiarthrodial articulation when the bones are slightly moveable and united by an
intervening substance), and bones. 2. 7179 tiga Vajra-nârâcha-Samhanana, Adamantine
joints and bones. 3, arra hifto Nârâcha-Samhanana, Joints and bones;
ordinary amphiarthrodial articulation, and bones: 4. PRIP SETA Ardha nârâcha samhanana, Semi-joints
and bones with joints and bones, more weakly
articulated than in Târâcha samhanana. 5. Riia 477 Kilita samhanana, Jointed bones ; Synar
throdial articulation in which bones are immove
able and directly united. 6. असंप्राप्त सुपाटिफ संहनन Asamprapta sripatika samhanana,
Loosely jointed bones; Diarthrodial articulation, in which bones may be more or less freely moveable, when the articular surfaces are covered with smooth cartilage, and surrounded by a fibrous
capsule. 8 Fri Sparsa, Touch.
1. mare Kathora, Hard. 2. fra Komala, Soft. 3. Ta Guru, Heavy. 4. ng Laghu, Light. 5. na Rúkşa, Rough,

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70
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Naya (979)-Standpoint; point of view which soow
partial knowledge of a thing in some particular aspect
of it. Nidâna (FGTET) --Desire for future sense-pleasures.
The 4th monomania, for future enjoyments. Nidhatti (
F T)-A kind of existence of Karmas in the Soul. Nidra (façt)-Sleep; a kind of Karma. Nidrâ nidrâ (Fiszip&T)-Deep sleep; a kind of Karma. Nigamana (FAUTHST) —The conclusion. It is a repeti
tion of pratijñâ, implying a statement that it is estab.
lished ; like the Q. E. D. of Euclid. Nigoda ( FAIRE --Sâdhâraņa vegetable kingdom, 'in
which one physical body contains infinite souls, Nigrahasthầna (FHEFUT)-- One of the 16 cate:
gories of the Nyâya system of philosophy. Niḥsamkita anga (fusifonat 15:)--Freedom from
doubt; a characteristic of right belief. Nihsîla vratatva (ug ) -Not taking, 5 vows
and the 7 sub-vows. Nihsrita (FFF)--Sensitive knowledge of an esposed :
thing, like a book on the table. Nikâya (FFIT) - Order, group; class. .'

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
71
Viksepa (
A T)-Putting down; aspect; Syn. Nyâsa (9.v.). Nîla (alat)-Indigo ; The 4th mountain dividing Videha
and Ramyaka. Nimisa (FIFT)-Wink = innumerable sanayas. Nimitta (FFTT)-Help; arising from, caused by. Nimitta kâraņa (FAHTIHTU ) = Samartha kârana
(q.v.). Ninhava (frrea )--Concealment of knowledge. Nirâkâra (Fafer 115) --Indefinite (conation). Nirdeśa (Fe)-Description (Definition). Nirgrantha (FrStrz)--A possessionless Jaina saint. . Nirguna (
H U )---Without an attribute, such as Sattva, : Rajas and Tamas. Nirjarâ (FOTTT)—Shedding of Karmic matter by the mi
Soul. Nirmâna (FHIT ) -Proper formation of limbs and · minor limbs in relation to their situation (stlâna) or
dimensions (pramâna). Nirodha (HRTE)-Stoppage, checking. Nirupabhoga (fataqHitl) — Non-enjoyment. Nirvâņa (Far)-Liberation from all the Karmas.

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72
Jaina Gem Dictionary..
Nirvanapura (aiust)- The abode of the liberated, Nirvartanâ (facciat)--Production. Nirvedani (Farcrit)---Narration which induces non
attachment. Nirvichikitsita anga (FalaffSPTT 75.)—-Free
dom from aversion to body, etc.; a characteristic of right
belief. Nirvikalpa (Facha)-Attention which takes its rise
from the four kinds of conation, ocular, non-ocular,
visual, and perfect Nirvșitti (Fröft)-The formation of Sense-organ itself. Nirvșittyaparyâpta (Frazeouta)-The condition
before Paryâpti within one antarmuhiirta. Nisarga (cateri)-(1) Movement.
(2) Intuition, by which right belief is
caused. Nisarga kriyâ (FFECT FATT)-Admiration of un
righteous hurtful things. Nischaya (FAAT)=Dharanâ (q.v.). . Nischayanaya (FF1.)—Real or essential point of
view; as calling a pitcher of clay, a pitcher of clay. . Nişedha sâdhaka (iaa HEX) —Hetu, which proves
the non-existence of a fact.

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• Jaina Gem Dictionary.
73
Niseka (Foto) - The number of Karmic atoms which
operate in one instant, are collectively called a Nizeka. Nişiddhikâ prakîrnaka (Falafest Tanitica)-The
12th Angavâhya part of the Scriptures, Nişkâmkşita (añga) (F16miiya) (19.) Freedom front
desire for worldly comforts; a characteristic of right
belief. Nitya nigoda (FACET FUNTC)-Souls which have never
left Nigoda, i.e., vegetables in which infinite souls occupy
one body. Nitya Nityam (FACI GAST)-Permanence; always
permanent in their nature. Nivšitti kâma (
Girona)-One desirous of libera
tion.
No-âgama bhậva nikṣepa (a1 MH Hrafe)-
Calling a material thing by its present condition. No-karma (altri)-Physical matter. Nri (7)—Human beings. Nyagrodha Parimamdala (न्यग्रोधपरिमंडल )
body large in the upper, but short in the lower, extre
mities, like a banyan tree. · Nyasa (-4TF)- Aspect. · Nyâsâpahâra (TAITEIT).- Unconscientious dealings ... by means of speech.
mitien

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74
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Ogha (TE)-- Proposition of the subject; laying down of
the main outlines in brief of the soul=Gunasthâna
(q.v.). Om (ET)—This Jaina incantation is composed of 5 sounds:
a (a), a (a), â (711), u(x) and m (1), which stand respect-, ively for arhat, asarira (i.c., siddha), âchârya, upadhyâya, and muni (i.c., Sâdhu). These are the 5 paramesti of Jainism (q.v.).
Pâda (97€) = 6 Angulas (9.v.). Padârtha (agre)—Category; principle. Padma (99)—Pink. Padmaragaratna (EURTRE)-The jewel ruby. Paksa (96)-(1) A premiss from which the conclusion,
though possible, may yet be open to doubt. As there is fire in this room, therefore it must be smoky. It may or may not be.
(2) Also a combination of Sâdhya, and Dharmi = (q.v.) Pâksika Srâvaka (Quin 2014) -A layman prepar
ing for the Pratimas (q.v.). Palyopama (TC4CF)See under Sâgára.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
75
Pamchastikaya Samgraha (पंचास्तिकाय संग्रह)
Collection of five Astikâya ufita. They are the five sub
stances which have Pradeśas. Pamkabhâga (1957T3T)- The second stratum of the 1st
earth, :: It is the abode of Asura Kumâra class of residential, and the Râkşasa class of the peripatetic, order
of celestial beings. Pamka prabhâ (
6 71)-The 4th earth, in hue like ... mire. .. Paracharitachara (qafat) Follower of the
non-self-conduct, ib., the path which does not lead to
self-realisation. Paracharitra (CETTET) -Without conduct. Follower
of non-self-conduct (i.c., the path which does not lead to : self-realisation). Paraghâta (aart)--Having a body likely to be fatal
to others; as lion's paws, stag's horn, etc. Paramâņu (ulary)--An absolutely indivisible particle
of matter; an atom. Pâramârthikapratyaksa (TEHTCH COLET).- Real
direct knowledge without the assistance of the senses: .. or the mind, The subject-matter of this may be a part or the whole, but the knowledge is always clear. It is pure intuition. It is sakala pâramârthika pratyakşct
or Omniscience ;'or vikala pâramârthika pratyakşa, not .. unlimited like Omniscience.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Paramâvadhi (Aaa)-High visual knowledge, Parameşti (The 5 Supreme Spiritual Dig nitaries of Jainism. They are Arhat, Siddha, Âchârya, Upadhyaya and Sâdhu. Among others they are characterised by 46, 8, 36, 25 and 28 qualities respectively. Parârthánumâna (परार्थानुमान ) - The words which express the inference; also inference drawn through words.
76
Para samaya (A)—Non-self-absorption. Para samaya ratah (पर समयरतः ) - Indulgent in the non-self absorption.
Paratva ()—Long duration,
Paravivâhakaraṇa (qefèqıgsew)-Bringing about marriages of people outside of one's own family. Para-vyapadesa (430497N)—Delegation of host's
duties to another.
Parâyatta (A)-Dependent upon the movements of matter, i.e., the sun, moon, &c. Time in practice is measured by the motion of heavenly bodies, &c., &c. Paridevana (परिदेवन ) - Pathetic mourning to attract
compassion.
Parigraha (E)-Attachment to worldly objects. Parigraha tyága ( परिग्रह त्याग ) - Renunciation of worldly belongings, the 9th Pratimâ.

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Jaina Gem Dictionaries
Paribâra yiśuddhi (GFETE a )-Pure and ab
solute non-injury. It is a kind of right conduct of saints. Parikarma ( chi)The 1st division of the 12th
Añga of the Scriptures. Parîkşâ (q ) = Îhâ (q.v.). Pariksepin (CRETE)-Surrounding. Parinama (HRT UTF)-Thought-activity: sense percep: tions and their objects: change: modification. Pârinâmika bhâva ( q Urho Ha Natural
thought-activity. Pârişada ( qutae)--Celestial members of the court. Parişah (APNE) -Suffering; hardship. Parişah jaya (RUE FU)-Subdual of Parişah
sufferings; bearing hardship. Paritâpiki (aicangat )-Causing mental pain to
oneself and others. Parivartanâ (tradat)--Cycle of wanderings. Parivartana liñga (gitararas:.Siga of change. Parivartana sambhûta (aracin data)- The cause
of the niodifications in being. : Paroksa (TTE)- Indirect; mediate; requiring the ; help of the senses and mind.

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78
Jaina Gem Dictionary.'
Paroparodhâkaraņa (T ESTU )-Residence
in a place, not likely to be prohibited. Paryâpta (PTH)-Developable. See Paryapti. Paryâpti (wering)—The gaining by the Soul, within one .
Antar Muhûrta, of the capacity to develop fully the characteristics of the body into which it is going to
incarnate. Paryâya ( 4 ) --- Modification. Paryâyârthika ( Tufan )-- Relating to the modi..
fications of the substance; modal. Paryâyârthikanaya (CAFT FETT ) --- Modification-".
standpoint or modal standpoint. Pasyantî (Terrait )-Soul's attenion or upayoga to :
speak or hear a word. : Piśâcha (1921177 )- The 8th class of the peripatetic
order of celestial beings. Pota (TA).- Unumbilical; birth without any sac or
shell. Prabhâvanâ (añga) (FHTXAT) (15)-Publishing the :
greatness of Jaina doctrine; a characteristic of right
belief, Prabhu (91)-God; Master of Karmas. Prachalâ (956) Drowsiness.
..
mas.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
79
Prachalâprachalâ (FeatheaT)---Heavy drowsi.
ness.
Pradeśa (CA)-Unit of space occupied by an in
divisible atom of matter. · Pradeśa bandha (agreret)-Bondage due to
number of Karmic molecules (varganâ). Pradesatva ( CE ) - Capacity to occupy space. Pradhâna (991)-One of the 25 categories of the
Sânkhya system of philosophy. Pradhvamsâbhâva (TECTETHTT)-The non-existence
of the present in the future. The present, of course, does not exist as such in the Puture. The condition of my writing this book at the present moment cannot
exist in the Future. : Prâdoşikî (HTETTA) Tendency to accuse others in
anger. Prâgabhâva (1779)-The non-existence of the I present in the Past. The present, of course, did not
exist as such in the Past. The condition of my writing
this book did not exist in the Past. :: Prajña (UFT)--Thirst for knowledge; intellect. : rakîrņakà (an&t=5.)- -The people (like the subjects)
Prakriti (seniai)_(1). Nature of Karmic matter.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary
(2) One of the 25 categories of
the Sânkhya school of philosophy.
Prakriti bandha (fr) — Bondage due to
प्रकृतिवन्ध
nature of Karmic matter.
Pramâda (1)—Carelessness; heedlessnes in spirit
ual matters.
Pramâdâcharita (a)—Thoughtless con
duct.
Pramâda vahalâ (17)—Passion-tossed. Pramâna (U)—
(1) Big measure, which is 500 times of the ordinary measure, as Pramâna angula, Pramâna yojana, etc.
(2) A category of Nyâya.
(3) Authority by means of which we test direct or indirect right knowledge of the self and the non-self in all their aspects simultaneously. (4) Limits.
Pramâna angula (i) — big finger = 500
ordinary angulas. Pramânâbhasa (E)-Wrong knowledge. Pramâna nirmâna (प्रमाण निर्माण ) —Formation of
limbs and minor limbs in relation to their dimensions. Pramatta_samyatta ( प्रमत्त संयत्त ) - The 6th spiritual stage, e.g., of a monk with slight careless
ness.
"

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!.
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Jaina Gem Dictionary
Pramatta samyattasya (4) saint of 6th stage, called Pramatta Samyatta.
Pramatta virata ( faca)—The 6th Spiritual stage; imperfect vow.
Pramatta yoga (7)—Passionate vibrations. Prameya (¤¤)—A category of Nyâya. Prameyatva (a)—Know-ability. Prâņa (T)—Vitalities.
Práná pána paryapti (प्राणापान पर्याप्ति ) - Completion of capacity to develop respiratory activity. Prâṇata (Яua)—The name of the 14th Heaven. Prânâtipâtikî (unfaчma)—Depriving of vital
ities.
Prâṇavâda (ul)-The 12th Pûrva of the 12th Añga of the Scriptures.
Praśna vyâkarana (
1)—The 10th Añga
of the Scriptures.
Prathaktva vitarka vichara ( प्रथकूत्व वितर्क
Absorption in meditation of the self, but un
consciously allowing its different attributes to replace one another, the 1st pure concentration.
Prathamánuyoga (प्रथमानुयोग)
(1) The 3rd division of the 12th Añga of the Scriptures; (2) Biographical portion of Jaina literature.
6

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Prathamopasama samyaktva (ATHUTH
prohra)-The first subsidential right belief. It may arise (1) in a soul which has never had right belief, by the subsidence of the four error-feeding passions and wrong belief, i.e., the four anantārubandhikasaya and mithyatva, or (2) in a soul which has had, but has lost, right belief, by the subsidence of the above five and the two following: (1) Samyaka mithyatva, mixed right and wrong belief, and (2) Samyaktva prakriti, right belief
clouded by slight wrong belief. Pratijîvi guņa (arasiilayu)-Attributes which
merely indicate the absence of their opposite. Pratijñâ (ulaşi)-The proposition which is to bé
proved: as there is fire in this mountain. It contains
the qe (pakşa) and the tea (sâdhya). Pratikramana (arianhu)-Self-analysis and repent.
ance for faults. Pratikramana Prakirnaka. (प्रतिक्रमण प्रकीर्णक)
The 4th part of Añgavâhya Scriptures. Pratimâ (AFIT) One of the 11 stages of a layman's
life. Pratinârâyapa (GSARTIU)-The king of halft of
Bharatkşetra and predecessor of Narayana. Pratipatti (ufaula)-Dharana (g.v.). Pratirûpaka vyavahâra (udah ti SMAETT)
Adulteration.

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Jaina. Gem Dictionary.
83
Pratisevanâ (afhant)-Liability to transgression
under another's compulsion, Pratişthâpanâ (9fagry)--Care as to where to
answer the call of nature. Pratîtyabhava (galeria)-Manifesting in relation
to matter. Pratyabhijñâna (FEATHŞIT)Sañjñā. Recognition.
It is the remembrance of the identity of a thing which :' is before us. Here the object recollected is actually .. before our eyes and the novelty of the knowledge con
sists in the identity of object now perceived with some-..
thing previously seen. Pratyakhyana (HETICF)-Giving up; determina
tion of not using certain things on certain days. Pratyakhyâna kasaya (UTe a rt)--Total
:, vow-preventing passions. Pratyakhyâna Pîrva (CoreTa -The 9th * Půrva of the Scriptures. Pratyakṣa (4219) ---Direct; known by the Soul itself
without any external help; self-evident. Perception. Pratyakşabâdhita (HCETALTETA)—A premiss from which the conclusion drawn is obviously refutable. As fire is cold, because it is a substance. Fire is obviously never a cold thing.
benever

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Taina Gem Dictionary:
Pratyaya (CT)-Cause; the collective name of 5
kinds of thought-activity causing bondage, as wrong
belief, etc. Prâtyayîkî (aparitit) --Inventing new sense-enjoy.
ments, Pratyeka (979) -A constitution, in which one body
contains one soul. Pratyeka Buddha (TFT --Led to the path
of liberation by his own intuition. . Pravachana (Han)-Śruta ; Scriptures. Pravachana vâtsalya (faqa ataca)--Affection
for co-religionists. Prayaschitta ( 979fa7 )-Expiation. Prayogakriya (Herren)-Bodily movements. Prayoga labdhi (HUTTET) ---Attainment of
thought-activity to reduce further duration of all Karmas, except the 'age-karma. This comes after Desanâ labdhi
(q.v.). ; Prayojana (TIGAT) ---Function ; a category of the
Nyâya school of philosophy. Preşya prayoga (627 PTT)-Sending someone
out beyond the limit. Pțithula (ga )--All-pervading in the universe.

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Jaina Ġem Dictionary.
85
.
Prosadhopavâsa ( o uala - Fasting regularly, : the 4th Pratima. Taking a vow (vrata) to fast on : .four days of the month, i.e., on the 8th and the 14th days
of every lunar fortnight. Pudgala (aqua) --Matter ; substance. . Pudgala kşepa (gora)-Throwing something
material beyond the limit. Pudgalavipâkî (ygaarait-Body-maturing,
the Karma which matures and whose fruition affects · the body mainly. Pulaka (gara )--Possession-less saint, with slight
fapse in perfect observance of the primary vows. Pundarîka (DETTO )-Lake on the Mountain Bikhari. Pundarîka prakîrnaka (jszimynui)-The 12th
Añgavåhya part of the Scriptures. ... Pûrva ( One Pûrva= (8400000), years. Pîrvachara (at) ---Inference of what follows
from what goes before ; Precedence." Pîrvagata ( TAT)-The 14 Pûrvas of Jainism. Pârvaratânusmarana ( AFTU) --Remem.. brance of or thinking over past enjoyment of women, Puruşa :(98)-(1) The soul.
X (2) One of the 25 categories of the Sânkhiya system of philosophy. '
A
.
'
.

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Jaina Gein Dictionary.
Puruşaveda (gràc)-Masculine inclination. Puşkaravara ( 967 ) -Name of the 3rd continent
and ocean. Puşkarârdha (goFTT -The half of the 3rd conti.
nent Puşkaravara dvipa.
Râga (TTT)Love. Rahobhyakhyana (R O )---Divulging the
secrets of man and woman. Rajata (2016)--Silver. Râjâ ( Todor Rajjî (TEST) th of the total
height of the universe. Raktâ (770)-A river in Airâvata. Ramyaka (277) ---The 5th division of Jambûdvipa. : Rasa (TF)— Taste. Rasa parityâga (TA FRITT) --Daily renunciation of
one or more of the six delicacies, namely, clarified butter,
milk, curd, sugar, salt and oil. Rasa fiddhi (TR ) Capacity of an evil eye and
its opposite, etc. Rati (fat)— Indulgence, Ratna prabhâ (
T HT)---Name of the 1st earth in hue-like jewel.
2

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Jaina Gem Dictionary:
Râtribhukti (TTT) The 6th Pratimâ, not taking
- anything at night, Raudra dhyâna (hiç yra)-Wicked concentration. Riddhiprâpta (Figung)— With supernatural powers. Rijumati (Forfat) -Simple mental knowledge. Rijusâtra (F EET)-Actual (point of view) referring
to present condition. Rişi (TTT)-A saint with miraculous powers. Ritu (c)-A season of 2 months. Rohita (CiAT)- A river in Haimvata. - Rohitâsyâ The rear) -A river in Haimvata. Rukmi (o )-The 5th mountain dividing Ramyaka
and Hairanyavata. Rûpa (4)-(1) The quality of mattei'. ... (2) Body, one of the five Skandhas of the
Buddhists. 'Rûpa gatâ (ang TAT)-- The 4th Chủlika in the 12th
Añga of the Scriptures. Râpânupâta (aqlanma) --Making signs for persons .. beyond the limit.
Rûpya-kûlâ (atrat) --A river in Hairanyarata.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Sabda (716)-(1) Descriptive (point of view) as'use of the present for the past tense, etc.
(2) Sound. Sabda naya (110c )--Also the name collectively of
the Sabda, Samabhirildha and Evambhota points of • view. (g.v.) Sabdânupata (TCC1841A) --Sending one's voice beyond:
the limit. Sachitta (Aferat) --Living matter or thing. Sachitta apidhâna (aftEigan)--Covering witb.
a living thing. Sachittâchitta (aftiTT)-Living and dead matter. Sachitta nikṣepa (afea FET)--Placing on a living
thing. Sachitta sambandha (afat fart)--- Anything
connected with a living thing. Sachitta sammisra, (TE )--Mixture of
living and non-living things. Sachitta tyaga. pratima (सचित्त त्याग प्रतिमा)
The 5th 'Pratima, renunciation of animate vegetation,
etc. Sadavastharupa upasama (सदवस्थारूपउपशम)
Suspensive subsidence, i.e., the existence of karmas in the state of the soul's present bondage. These Karmas do not operate now but shall do so in the future.

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J.Cilla veu VIC Lonary.
Sadbhâva sthâpanâ (peta FOT99T)Equal to
Tadâkâra sthapana. (q. v.) Sadbhuta vyavaharanaya (सदभूत व्यवहारनय)Substantive Practical standpoint.
To distinguish in practice the qualities of a substance which in reality form one indivisible whole of the substance. As the soul is nothing more nor less than its attributes of perfect knowledge, conation, &c., &c. From the real point of view all these together make soulness. But from this practical point of view these various qualities can be considered and described separately.
Practically distinguishing a really indivisible thing. Sadhana (
ETA)(1) That thing or quality which cannot exist without its Ana (sâdhya; or the thing, the exist. ence of which is proved by it. As smoke cannot exist without fire.
Roughly it is the basis of proof; the premiss froni which a conclusion is drawn.
- (2) Cause. Sâdhârana sarîra (FTERU TIE)--One vegetable
body possessed of many souls. Sâdhâraņa vanaspati (FTETCU Antena
A vegetable with many souls in one body. See
Sapratista pratyeka; and Pratyeka and Sûdhdrana. Sadharmâvisamvậda (eilagarc)--Sadharma= · co-religionists, avisanvāda=not disputing with. Not.
quarrelling with one's co-religionists.

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90
.Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Sâdharmya (EEFT ) ----Anvaya dçisțânta (q. v:) . : Sâdhu (Arg--Saint of long standing. Sâduu samâdhi (atg FHITT)-Protecting the saints. Sâdhya (HTET)
That which is inferred from the observation, and the inference of which is me (ista), nafta (abâdhita) and most (asiddha), i.e., is sought, is irrefutable, and hitherto unproved to the man addressed.
Roughly it is what is proved; the conclusion. Sâdhyânyathânuppatti (FTEYTTELYFER )= .
Vyâpti (q. v.) Sadrisya pratyabhijnana (सादृश्य प्रत्यभिज्ञान)
Recognition of a thing by feeling (sensing) something similar to it. As thinking of the pudding of yesterday
by a similarity in the taste of the pudding of to-day. - Sadvedya (EET)—Pleasure-bearing Karma. Şadvikalpa (asfa469)–Of six kinds. Sâgara (FNTT)—10:x crore x crore of Addlâ Palyas
1. Addla Palya--a circular pit with a diameter of 1 Yojana, i.c., 2000 Kosas of an equal depth is filled with the ends of the downy hair of a lamb of 7 days, born in. highest Blogabhiimi. One end of hair is taken out in every 100 years. The time taken to empty the pit is a Vyavalâra Palya.
Innumerable Vyavahāra Palyas make one Uddhâra · Palya. Innunierable Uddhâra Palyas make one Addliâ Palya.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary. .
91
Sahabhâvî (
F TA) Inseparable accident or pro· perty. The attribute of a thing. Sahabhâvî paryâya (shat qeft) — Condition
which co-exists with the substance always. It is called
guna or attribute. Sabachara (FET)Co-existence. Sahaja viparyaya (FEG facere)--Mistake in know
ledge due to one's own self. Sahasâ Niksepa (HEAT PATU)Putting down a
thing hurriedly. Sahasrara (FEATT)—The name of the 12th Heaven. Saiksya (1 ) Student saint. Sakalachâritra (Hina)Page #155

92
Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Samabhâva-(AHra) Equanimity. Samabhirûdha (naya) (AAFAAC) (779) Specific
(point of view). Giving a word one fixed meaning out
of its several meanings. Samachaturasra samsthāna (समचतुरस्र संस्थान)
Perfect proportion of the physical body. Samâdâna (
F GTA)Neglecting the taken vows. Samâhita (FHIES)--Concentrated. Samanaska (Anahti) — Rational; possessed of a mind.. Sâmânika (ATHITT) - Celestial beings of equal status.
Next in grade to Indra. Samantâpâtana-(HHFARMIG)--Call of nature at
public places. Sâmânya (arhiret) ---A padârtha or category of Nyâya. Sâmânya guna (HHT TU)--Common attribute. Samartha kâraņa (
F ICU) -- Efficient cause, where the circumstances which hamper the effect are non-existent and those which produce the effect are present. It immediately precedes the effect produced.
Only one or more circumstances cannot produce the effect desired, unless they are united with other circums. tances to make up the efficient cause.
There are universally two efficient causes:
(1) (54157) upâdana, primary or material cause, i.c., the thing which undergoes the transformation into effect;

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
93
· as in making a bangle of gold, gold is the material cause:
as in love and hatred, the soul itself is the primary or material cause.
(2) Fafatt (ninitta), secondary or auxiliary cause, i.e., the circumstances which produce the effect; but which do not become the effect itself. :: Note that efficient cause is nothing more nor less than the total of the primary and secondary causes, e.g., in making a jar of clay, the efficient cause is the capacity of the clay to be made into a jar; and the circumstances or means, including the potter and his processes, by which the clay is actually made into the jar. The capacity of the clay is the primary or upâdâna cause. The potter, his tools and processes, &c., are the second
ary or nimitta cause. Samavasaraņa (AFCETU)-The hall of audience of
the Tirthankaras. Samavâya (ahath)-(1) Group.
(2) A padârtha or category of the Vaigesika. Samavâyânga (FHITAM)—The 4th Añga of the
Scriptures. Samavedanî (Fracat-Narration which induces
'affection for the truth. . Samaya (ha)-Unit of time. Its measure is the
time taken by an atom in going from one point of space to the next one with slow motion. An Instant.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Samayaprabaddha (74925)--The maximum and
minimum of the number of molecules which the soul binds to itself in one instant. Samaya, i.e., instant, unit of time, i.ctime talsen by an atom of matter in passing
from one kâlâılıb, i.Co, one point of time to the next. Sâmâyîka charitra (Arhifi FIFT)--(1) Right
conduct.
(2) Equanimity, Sâmâyîka prakîrņaka (HIHITIS gasituati)
The first Angavâhya part of the Scriptures. . Sâmâyîka pratimâ (ETHIRUS ATAT) --The 3rd
Pratimâ, faultless meditation three times a day. Sâmâyîka vrata (ATHIFOR --Vow for
Sâmâyika or self.contemplation. Samhanana ( 97 ) --Physical constitution or osse
ous structure. Samiti (
a f ) - Carefulness. Samkhyâtabhậgahân! (FourT ATTEIT)
Decrease in or by numerable division or part. Samkhyâtabhậgavriddhi (Firena TT&
Increase in or by numerable division or part. Samkhyâtagunahậni ( Ta usta)
Numerable fold decrease. Samkhyâtagunavřiddhi (Fleura TUTIS)
Numerable fold increase.

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Jaina. Gem Dictionary.
95
Sâmparâyika ( TFF)—Mundane inflow, 1.e,
inflow of karmic matter which causes the cycle of birth
and rebirth. Samsara (Fert)-Cycle of existence. Saņsâra Chakravala (Fer Forg-Wanderings
in the cycles of mundane existences. Samsaya (Agreu)-(1) Ignorance due to doubt. (2) · A padârtha or category of the Nyâya system of philo
sophy. Samsaya mithyâ darśana (sigra THEATEST) : Doubt: scepticism, hesitation in belief. Samskâra (Fiffitt) --Mental accompaniments: one of
the 5 Skandhas of Buddhism. Samstaropakramana (FFERT9U)-Spreading a
mat or seat. Samstava (FEAT)-Praise; spoken admiration. Samstava prakîrņaka (üenta gilu)-The 2nd
Angavâhya part of the Scriptures. Samsthầna (Fire).--Figure of the body. Samsthâna vichaya (FFUTA faan)- Contemplation:
of the nature and constitution of the Universe. Samudghâta (FEGEIA)-It is the emanation of the
soul-particles from the body, without discarding it i wholly and for good.
: The whole soul does not leave the body; it is only a ::. sort of over-flow for some particular reason and the soul

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
returns to the body to be re-absorbed by it. There are
7 kinds of it. Samvara (at)-Stoppage or checking of inflow of
karmic matter into the soul. Samvedani (act-Narration which excites love for
Truth. Samvrita vivrita (Agar fara)-Covered and exposed. Samvyavaharika pratyaksa(सांव्यवहारिक प्रत्यक्ष)
Practical direct knowledge through the senses and the mind. The subject matter of this is only a part of the thing known; but the knowledge is clear to that extent,
This is sensitive knowledge. Samyagdarśana (appreta) -Right belief. Samyak châritra (Fry TRT)Right conduct.: Samyak drişti (
F ETE)-One who has right belief. The 4th stage of spirituality or 4th spiritual stage. Samyakjñâna (HFUIFITF)— Right knowledge. Samyaktva (Aupasâmika) Ferenc (@ram*)
(Subsidential) right belief. . Samyaktva (kşâyika) Perenca (HTF ) ---(Purified)
right belief. Samyaktva mithyâtva (Eresnica fourca)
Mixed right and wrong belief. . Samyaktva prakriti mithyatva (सम्यकूत्व प्रकृति
FÀLUTCT) --Right belief clouded occasionally by the slightest wrong belief.

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Jaina Gem Dictionary.
Samyama ()-Control, five sorts of right conduct, Samyamásamyama ( संयमासंयम ) - Control by vows of some, but not of other, passions. Samyuka ()—A bivalve shell, as a cowrie. Sanatkumára (सनत्कुमार ) - The name of the 3rd
Heaven.
97
Sandigdhâsiddha (mg)—Unproveable be
cause sâdhana is uncertain.
Sangha (a)-A brotherhood of Saints. Sanghâta (a)—Interfusion of molecules of five
sorts of bodies.
Sanhanana (a) Six kinds of physical constitution
or osseous structures.
Sañjña (A)—(1) Recognition: mind; elsewhere also; name; desire; knowledge.
(2) Sañjîâ or animate feeling of Ahâra (food); bhaya (fear);
Maithuna (contact); parigraha (attachment). (3) Perception (i.e., recognising and naming). (4) One of the 5 Skandhas of Buddhism.
Sañjñî (i)—Rational; having a mind. Sañjvalana kaşâya (19)-Perfect-rightconduct-preventing passion.
Sânkhya (are)-A follower of Kapila which believes in three pramânas, inference, perception and trustworthy affirmation.
Sankhyeya ()-Numerable.

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98 Jaina Gem Dictionary. . Sankramana (FOTO) ---Change in nature of Karmas. The transformation of a Karma into one of the same class. Sankranti (ha)-Change. Sanksepa (FETO) ---Summary description of thought activity of Soul; Gunasthana (q. v.) Sapaksa (796)-A premiss from which the conclusion is certain. As there is fire of wet wood in this room, therefore it must be smoky. There the room must certainly be smoky. Sapratisthita pratyeka (aufarga Tris) That one-body-one-souled vegetable, (pratycka vanaspati), which supports the existence of many one-body-manysouled vegetables (sadlarara vanaspati). Sadharana is so-called because the many souls are the same with respect to their bodies, food, respiration and age. Sapta bhanga ( **)--Seven kinds of predication. (See notes under higie for details). Saraga samyaktva (ETT Franca) --Belief with attachment. Saraga samyama (ACHT TH)--Self-control svith slight attachment. Sarasvata (ERF ) The first class of Laukantika heavenly beings. Sarvaghatikarma (adataan)That Karma which destroys the manifestation of the essential attributes of the soul totally.