Jain Sahitya me Vikar

Author(s): Bechardas Doshi, Tilakvijay
Publisher: Digambar Jain Yuvaksangh
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010108/1

Page #1
jaina sAhitya meM vikAra lekhaka paM. becara bAsa jaina (mUrti pUjaka zvetAmbara) anuvAdaka tilaka vijaya jI preraNA paM. khuzAla canda jI gorAvAlA banArasa sahayoga phUla canda jI luhADiyA khAtegAva (indaura) prakAzaka digambara jaina yuvaka saMgha lalitapura, kendrIya kAryAlaya

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mUlya : 20.00 ru0 mudraka gajendra pablikezana 2578, galI pIpala vAlI, dharmapurA, facct-110006

Page #3
samarpaNa parama pUjya jaMgama tIrthasvarUpa zrImadvijayAnanda sUrIzrRra (AtmArAmajI) / mahArAja ! ApakI grantharacanA dekhane se mujhe pratIta huI hai ki Apa eka uddhAraka puruSa the| yadi Apa isa vartamAnakAlameM vidyamAna hote to avazya hI isa garama hue lohekA vATa ghar3e binA na rhte| Apa bhAvAcArya hai, the aura rheNge| mere liye to Apa sarvathA parokSa hI rahe haiM tathApi ApakI grantharacanA meM mugdha hokara mai yaha apane vicAroM kI mAlA Apake karakamaloM meM samarpita karatA huuN| caraNa sevaka becr|

Page #4
nivedana jina majjanoM ke sAmAjika paristhiti kA parijJAna hai ve samajha sakate haiM ki Aja jaina samAja ke dharmaguruoM kI jo hukmI ke sAmrAjya meM unake mAne hue rUDhI dharma ke viparIta aura Ajakala ke dharma se sambandha rakhane vAle satya itihAsa ko samAja ke sAmane rakhanA kitanA khataranAka aura uttaradAyitvapUrNa hai|jainsmaaj vyApArI hone ke kAraNa apane dhArmika sAhitya evaM usake itihAsa sarvathA anabhijJa hai aura isa viSaya kI use jijJAsA bhI paidA nahIM hotii| vaha apane dharmaguruoM kI vANI hI sarvajJa kI vANI mAnakara unakI batalAI huI rUr3ha kriyAoM ke karane meM hI svarga prApti ke svapna dekha rahA hai| dharmaguru samAja kI isa ajJAnatA kA manamAnA lAbha uThA rahe haiN| unameM se inegine vyaktiyoM ko chor3akara dhArmika itihAsa kI zodha karanA to dUra rahA ve svaya apane pUjyadeva mahAvIra kI vAstavika jIvana ghaTanAoM se bhI aparicita haiN| aisI dazA meM bandhanoM me jakaDI huI jaina janatA apane sacce itihAsa aura sUtroM ke parijJAna se vaMcita rahe to isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki hamArA dharmaicchuka abodha samAja jo bahuta sI azAstrIya rUDhiyo ko dharma samajha kara mAtra Adhunika dharmaguruoM ke izAre para hI andhakAra meM dauDa rahA hai usameM vicAraka aura jijJAsu manuSyoM ke liye yaha grantha avazya hI dIpaka kA kArya kregaa| jina 2 viSayoM kA isa grantha meM sapramANa, pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai una viSayoM ke sambandha meM jaina darzana ko mAnane vAle mukhya donoM sampradAya kI ora se Ajataka aisA eka bhI ullekha pragaTa nahIM huA jo zvetAmbara-digambaravAda, mUrtivAda, devadravya vAda aura Agama vAcanavAda kI jar3a ko DhU~Dha nikAle aura maveSaNA pUrvaka sapramANa ina viSayoM para prakAza ddaale|lekhk mahAzayane isa nibandha ko likhakara isa jabaradasta truTiko pUrNa kiyA hai itanA hI nahIM balki vicAraka jainasamAja para mahAna upakAra bhI kiyA hai| yaha granya Aja se lagabhaga dasavarSa pUrva prasiddha lekhaka pa0 becaradAsa jI kI proDhalekhanI dvArA gurjara girA se likhA gayA hai| kaI iSTamitroM kI preraNA se maiMne ise hindI bhASA bhASI jainajanatA ke liye anuvAdita kiyA hai| AzA hai vicAraka jaina samAja ina bAtoM para vicAra karake avazya lAbha utthaavegaa| akSayatRtIyA dehalI vinIta tilkvijy|

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bhUmikA prastuta pustaka ke mUlalekhaka zrI paM. begharadAsa jI jIvarAja zvetAmbara jaina samAja ke gaNayamAnya udAra hRdaya vidvAnoM meM se eka haiN| Apa prAkRta, vyAkaraNAdi aneka granthoM ke lekhaka, anuvAdaka, sampAdaka tathA saMskRta, prAkRta, pAlI, gujarAtI baMgalA Adi kaI bhASAoM ke vidvAna haiN| sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA se kosoM dUra rahate haiN| abhI Apa yuvaka hai, kintu adhyayana vizAla, bhASA praur3a aura saMyata hai| atyanta sUkSmadarzI haiM jo bhI likhate haiM pUre adhikAra ke sAya, a~ceM tule nape huye zabdoM meN| yahI kAraNa ki Apa vizvavandha mahAtmAgAndhI ke gujarAta purAtatva-mandira meM eka U~ce pada para pratichita haiM aura vartamAna asahayoga Andolana meM mahAtmAjI ke kRSNamandira meM jA baiThane para unake "navajIvana" jaise jimmedAra patrake sampAdaka hone kA gaurava prApta kara cuke haiN| pustaka par3hane se mAlUma hotA hai ki vidvAna lekhaka ke hRdaya meM samAja kI dayanIya durAvasthA ke liye eka TIsa hai jo unheM becaina kiye rahatI hai, unakI A~khoM meM kisI gupta vedanA ke A~sU haiM jo chupAne para bhI chalaka par3ate haiN| vAstava meM jinake pAsa hRdaya haiM ve sasArana ko duHkhI dekhakara rote haiM- taDapate haiM, ve usa sukhI karane ke liye aneka vidhana bAdhAoM meM gujarate huye miTa jAte haiM, sasAra unheM jAne yA na jAne ve sasAra ko jAna jAte hai| Aja se dasa bAraha varSa pUrva vidvAna lekhaka ke bambaI kI mAgarola jaina sabhA meM pustaka meM varNita viSaya para eka sAra garbhita vyAkhyAna diyA thaa| Apane kahA thA koI bhI dharma, kalaha ko pokti nahIM karatA, prajA ke vikAza kI rukAvaTa nahIM karatA aura prajA ke vikAzakAraka vyavahArika niyamoM meM hastakSepa nahIM karatA tathApi vartamAna yuga ke dharmI dharma ko samAne rakhakara mAnoM svaya hI dharmarakSaka na hoM, aisA mamajha kara dharma ke nAma se kalaha karate hai, prajAbala ko kSINa karate haiM. yuvakoM ke vikAza ko rokate haiM aura jAgRta hotI huI prajA ko dharma ko hAU se DarAkara use sulA dene ko prayatna kara rahe haiN| .. . rakSA karane vAlI bAr3a hI kheta khA rahI haiN| dhAraNa kiye jAne vAlAdharmahI umake AzritoM ko nIce kara rahA hai aura mAtA-pitA ke samAna dharmaguruoM ko apanI santAna kI bedanA-pUrNa karAhanA kI ora dRSTigata karane taka kA avakAza nahIM miltaa| ve aneka yAtanAyeM sahate huye jItejAgate jainiyoM kI zocanIya dazApara durlakSakara apane baMzavRddhi kI cintA meM lIna hai,...

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vyAkhyAna sunakara kAryarUpa meM pariNita karane kI apekSA dharma ke ThekedAra upAdhilolupa mahAmuniyoM ne kucha vicArazunya zrImantoM ko sahArA lekara Apako zrIsaMgha se pRthaka karA diyaa| isa Apatti ke tIvra thaper3e se paNiData jI tanika bhI vicalita nahIM huye, ve parvata ke samAna apane vicAroM para dRr3ha bane rhe| kyoMki ve jAnate the ki "sarvathAsatya, prakaTasatya, zuddhasatya eka aisA bhArI rasAyana hai jise manuSya mAtra jhela nahIM sktaa|" jisa prakAra zeranI kA dUdha kaMcana ke sivA anya kisI pAtra meM nahIM Thahara sakatA vaise yahI zuddha satya bhAskara ke tejasvI prakAza ko sAdhAraNa mAnava, jinake netra anyavizvAsarUpa pIliye roga se vikAra yukta ho gaye haiM nahIM jhela sakate / apane punaH eka bAra apane diye huye vyAkhyAna ko parIkSA kI kasauTI para kasA, atyanta parizrama pUrvaka isa viSaya kA adhyana kiyaa| uttarottara vicAroM kI paMSTi hotI gaI aura jo bhI jainagrantha-ratnAkara meM gahare utarakara apane khoja kI vaha pustaka rUpa meM pAThakoM ke sAmane rakha dii| sAhasI vidvAna ne jisa nirbhIkatA ke sAtha jaina samAja ko andhavizvAsa, ekAntavAda, suptavAda zvetAmbara digambaravAda, caityavAda, devadravyavAda aura AgamavAda ke a~dherekUpa meM se nikAlane ke liye jo bhagIratha prayatna kiyA hai vaha avazya hI sarAhanIya hai| maiMne pustaka ko AdhIprAnta bar3e cAva se par3hA hai| lekhaka ne samAja kI vartamAna patitAvasthA kA mUlakAraNa jainasAhitya meM utpanna huA vikAra mAnA hai| vAstava sAhitya hI deza aura mamAja kA jIvana hotA hai| isIliye vaha atyanta AdaraNIya prANoM se adhika mUlyavAna aura saba vastuoM meM zreSTha samajhA jAtA hai| para durbhAgyavaza saMsAra ke parivartana ke sAtha sAtha hamAre jaina-sAhitya meM kucha bhI aisA anarthakArI parivartana huA hai jo hamAre liye hitakara nahIM / isI vikArayukta parivartana kI samAlocanA karate huye prastuta pustaka meM zvetAmbara digambaravAda 2 caityavAda, 3 devadravyavAda, aura 4 AgamavAda jaise AvazyakIya aura mahatvapUrNa viSayoM para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mAlUma paDatA haiM pustaka likhate huye lekhaka mahodaya roye haiN| unakA yuvaka hRdaya samAja kI sanapta avasthA dekhakara uthala par3A hai| usI Aveza meM zvetAmbara digambaravAda nAmaka stambha meM likhA hai. ina zabdo kI (zvetAmbara digambara) pravRtti cAhe jaba huI ho, parantu usakA mUlakAraNa hamAre munirAja hI hone caahiye| ina zabdoM ke mUla pravartaka sAdhu-muniyoM ko vartamAna sarakAra kI ora se dhanyavAda milanA cAhiye, ki jisake pariNAma meM vaha adAlatoM dvArA donoM samAjoM

Page #7
se lAkhoM rupayA kamA rahI hai|.......shvetaambr aura digambaratA kI dIvAra kevala Agraha kI nIvapara hI cinI huI haiN| 'donoM sampradAyoM meM jo bhISaNa matabheda dekha par3atA hai usakA mUlakAraNa donoM sampradAya ke pUrva dharmaguruoM aura Ajakala ke kulaguruoM kA durAgraha, svAcchandya, zaithilya aura mumukSatAkA abhAya ityAdi ke sivA aura kucha nahIM ho sakA mujhe apane isa badanasIva samAja kI durdazA kA citra khIMcate huye bar3A duHkha hotA hai|" lekhaka ke kaise hRdayagrAhI zabda haiM ? caityavAda nAmaka dUsare stambha me likhate haiM-hamArA samAja mUrti ke hI nAma se videzI adAlatoM meM jAkara samAja kI atula dhana sampatti kA tagAra kara rahA hai / 'vItarAga manyAsI phakIra kI pratimA ko jaise kisI eka bAlaka ko gahanoM se lAda diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra AbhUSaNoM se zrRMgArita kara usakI zobhA me vRddhi kI samajhatA hai aura paramayogI varddhamAna yA itara kisI vItarAga kI mUrti ko videzI pozAka, jAkiTa, kAlara vagairaha se susajjita kara usakA khilaune jitanA bhI saundarya naSTa bhraSTa karake apane mAnava samAja kI saphalatA samajha rahA hai| maiM ise dharmadambha aura DhaoNga samajhatA huuN| apane isa samAja ko aisI sthiti dekhakara mUrti pUjaka ke taura para mujhe bhI bar3A dukha hotA hai|" coTa khAye huye pakhAvaja ke samAna lekhaka ke cuTIle hRdaya se yaha zabda balAt nikale hai| 1 devadravyanAmaka tIsare stambha meM likhA hai - "jisake kAraNa hI Aja jainasamAja kI prazasA vakIloM bairiSTaroM aura adAlatoM meM gAI jA rahI hai aura pratidina samAja kSayaroga se pIDita rogI ke samAja vikarAla kAla kI tarapha khicA jA rahA hai| mujhe sirpha isI bAta kA kheda hotA hai ki jina pavitra nirgranthoM ne lokahita kI dRSTi se jisa vAda ko niyojita kiyA thA vahI vAda Aja hameM apanA grAsa banA rahA hai| aho !! kaisA bhISaNa parivartana kaisA paizAcika vikAra / " aura anekAntavAda kI mudrA chApavAloM kA bhI yaha kaisA bhyakara ekAntavAda hai '' yaha lekhaka kI hRdatatrI kI jhakAra jo apane samAja kI kSubdha, pIr3ita eva satrasta avasthA se biloDita hone para gU~ja nikalI hai / AgamavAda ke stambha me aneka granthoM kI samAlocanA karate huye likhA - "vartamAna samaya meM isa prakAra kI aneka kathAoM dvArA upAzrayoM meM baiThakara rezamI, khInakhAva aura z2arIke tigar3e me pATakara virAjamAna hokara hamAre kulaguru zrotAoM ko raMjita kara rahe haiN| Azcarya to yaha hotA hai ki vyApAra vidyA meM atinipuNa are samudAya binA vicAra kiye dhanyavANI aura tahatta vacana kI garjanAyeM kisa taraha karatA hogA ?"

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cAroMstamba ke lekha atyanta anusandhAna aura gaveSaNApUrvaka likhe gaye haiN|shussk aura nIrasa viSaya hote huye bhI pravINa lekhaka ne apanI vazIkaraNa lekhanI dvArA use atyanta rucikara banAyA hai| unhoMne jainasAhitya kI nipakSa vidvatApUrNa samAlocanA kI hai| sambhava hai vicArazIla pAThaka vidvAnalekhaka kI yuktiyoM se pUrNarUpeNa sahamata na hoM, ve kitane hI sthAnoM meM mata-bheda rakhate hoN| matabheda burI cIz2a nahIM, yadi vaha sabhyatA kI sImA kA ulaMghana na kreN| vizvAsa acchI cIz2a haiM kintu andhavizvAsa hAnikAraka hai|andhvishvaasii viveka zapatha manuSyoMne saMsAra meM aneka anartha upasthita kiye haiM, saMsAra ko sukhazAnti ko naSTa karake use narkatulya banA DAlA hai| isIliye jainadarzana andhavizvAsa ko, pakSapAta ko sthAna nahIM detA jo bhI bAta ho vaha parIkSA kI kasauTI para kasIjAnI cAhiye 2 rUDhibhakta, andhavizvAsI athavAlakIra kA phakIra bane rahane vAle samAja kI isa vaijJAnika yuga meM miTTI kharAba hai| jaina dharma parIkSA pradhAnI dharma haiM, usake anuyAyI andhavizvAsI athavA pakSapAtI bane raheM, yaha zobhA nahIM detA |andhvishvaasii samAja nAstikatA, kAyaratA, paratantratA Adi ke bandhana meM jakar3a jAtA hai 3 ata samAja kI vartamAna durAvasthA kA sudhAra karane ke liye jaina sAhitya meM utpanna huye vikAra ko anekAntavAda kI pavitra saritA meM dhone ke liye kaTibaddha ho jAnA caahiye| vyavahAra kuzala vyApAranipuNa jainasamAja ko bhaviSya me Ane vAlI ApattiyoM ke pratikAra kA abhI se upAya kara lenA caahiye| prativarSa lAkhoM rupayA dhArmika mukadamebAjI meM vyaya karane vAlI mandiroM kI dIvAroM para mano sonA lipavAne vAlI, lAkhoM rupayA rathayAtrA meM bahAnevAlI aura asaMkhyaghana manivaMziyoM ke liye luTA dene vAlI jainasamAja "ikabAla" ke isa zerako vicAra pUrvaka paDhe aura smjhe| agara aba bhI na samajhoge to mila jAoge duniyA se| tumhArI dAstAM taka bhI na hogI dAstAnoM meN|| hindI bhASA bhASiyoM kA aisA anupama pustaka par3hane kA maubhAgya prApta hogA, isake liye anuvAdaka mahodaya dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| pahAr3I-dhIraja, dillii| jyeSTha kRSNA 5 vI0 ni0 saM0 2458 ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya "dAsa"

Page #9
1. pakSapAtI na meM vIreM, na dveSaH kapilAdipu / yuktimadvacanam yasya tasyakAye. parigrahaH / / 2. -zrI haribhadra sUri AgrahIvata ! ninIpati yukti yatrataMtra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiryatratatra matireti nivezam / / 3. nibala, nirudyam nirdhanI, nAstika nipaTa nirAza / jaDa, kAdara kara detu hai, narahiM andhavizvAsa / / viyogI hari arthAt - kheda hai ki haThagrAhI manuSya yukti ko khIMcakhIca kara vahA~ lAtA hai| jahA~ pahile se usakI mati ThaharI huI hotI hai / parantu eka pakSapAta rahita manuSya hot at nIti nahIM hotI vaha apanI mati ko vahA~ ThaharAtA hai jahA~taka yukti pahu~catI hai arthAt usakI mati Apa yuktianumAna hotI hai /

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jaina sAhitya meM vikAra vastu kI mUla sthiti ko samajhe binA usakI bikAra vAlI sthiti ko samajhanA yA samajhAnA koI sugama bAta nahIM hai| jise apanI pUrva sthiti kI tAjI smRti ho vahI manuSya apanI vartamAna sthiti meM huye parivartana ko samajha sakatA hai| zarIrika vikAra ko samajhane ke liye prathama pUrNa niroga sthiti kA abhyAsa karane kI avAzyakatA hotI hai| trairUpya kI vibhISikA meM se uttIrNa hone ke liye saundarya ke sAgara kA vizeSa avagAhana karanA paDatA hai, evaM sAhitya kI virUpa sthiti ko samajhane se pahile usakI vizuddha sthiti ko bhI samajhanA Avazyaka hai| sAhitya koI hamAre samAna bolane calane vAlA yA jItA jAgatA prANI nahIM hai isa kAraNa hama usakI vizuddhatA yA vikRtatA kA nirNaya usake pUrva karmapara nahIM chor3a sakate / sAhitya anya padArthoM ke samAna utpAdya padArtha hai isa liye usakI zuddhi yA vikRti kA javAbadAra usakA utpAdaka hI ho sakatA hai| jisa taraha putrake guNa doSoM kA javAbadAra usakA pitA kahalAtA hai, aura vRkSakA bhalA yA burA bhaviSya usake bIjame chipakara rahatA hai vaise hI sAhitya kI vizuddhatA yA vikRtatA kA vizeSa AdhAra usake racayitA kI sthiti para hI avalambita hai| bhASA sAhitya zabda do tIna arthako sUcita karatA hai| sAhitya zabda se upakaraNa yA sAdhana liye jAte haiN| sAhitya kA artha rasa zAstra - kAvyaprAkaza, kAvyAnuzAsana, sAhityadarpaNa vagairaha hotA hai aura kisI bhI prakAra ke zAstra yathA bauddha sAhitya, vaidika sAhitya yA sAMkhya sAhityAdi bhI usake artha hote hai| isa prastuta carcA meantima artha ko vizeSa sthAna mila sakatA hai| sAhitya vicArAtmaka aura zabdAtmaka eva do rUpa me hotA hai| jaba taka hRdayagata ho, pragaTa na kiyA gayA ho / taba taka vaha vicArAtmaka sAhitya kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha mukhadvArA zabdo ke taraha-taraha ke vastroM meM evaM kalpanA, atizaya yA utprekSA vagairaha ke alaMkAroM meM susajja hokara gaganamaDala meM pragaTa ho taba vaha zabdAtmaka sAhitya kahalAtA hai aura yahI zabdAtmaka sAhitya jaba kAgajoM para lipi baddha kiyA jAtA hai, taba ise

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2 zAstra ke nAma se pahacAnate hai| maiM yahAM para Apako jo vicAra yA vizuddhi batalAUMgA, usakA vizeSa sambandha aise hI lipibaddha jaina sAhitya-zAstroM ke sAtha hai| jaina zAstra kI pUrNa uttara dAyitA usake mUla janaka, granthaka, yA saMkalita karane vAle para avasthita hai| jaina sAhitya ke mUla janaka tIrthaGakara, granthaka, gaNadhara, lekhaka arthAt prathamatayA bahIkhAte para car3hAne vAlepustaka-kAra rUpa dene vAle zrI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNAdi pUrvAcArya mAne jAte haiN| isa viSaya ko pUrNatayA samajhane ke liye hameM ina tInoM mahApurUSoM kA itihAsa, unake samaya kI paristhiti aura unakI jIvana dazA para vicAra karane kI avazyakatA hai| sAmpradAyika mamatvamayI dRSTi se kadAcit jaina zAstra anAdi siddha mAne jAte hoM yA akRtrima va aparivartita rahate hoM to isase hameM koI Apatti nhiiN| yaha bAta aitihAsika ho yA usame sAmpradAyikatA - anya satyAsatya kA tatva milA huA ho isake sAtha hamArA koI vizeSa sambandha nhiiN| tathApi jahA taka maiM jAnatA hUM zAstro kI zAzvatatA siddha karane vAlA - sampradAya bhI itanI bAta svIkRta karane kI himmata karatA hai ki jisa jisa tIrthaDakara ke samaya unake vicAra zabdabaddha hote hai usavakta usameM pUrvakAla kI sthiti aura nAmoM kI jagaha vartamAna kAla kI sthiti aura nAmoM ko niyukta kiyA jAtA hai| * sampradAya kI to aisI bhI icchA ho sakatI hai ki hamAre hI zAstra saba se anAdi haiM yAne hamArI dukAna aura hamArA bahIkhAtA pRthvI ke sAtha hI nirmANa huA hai| parantu vardhamAna ke nAma para pracalita pravacana meM jagaha jagaha unake samaya kI paristhiti, unakA pacayAmI AcAra, unake samaya ke manuSyoM ke ullekha aura unhoMkI svAdhyAya carcA, unake sama samayI jamAlI, gozAlaka, hastI tApasa aura buddhadeva jaise prakhara vAdiyoM ke khaNDana maNDanAtmaka savAda, tathA skandaka, sudharmA, jambU, gautama zreNika, cellaNA, koNika, dhAraNI, siddhArtha, trizalA, jayantI, mRgAvatI, sudarzana, udAyI, Ananda, kAmadeva, aura cUlaNI pitA vagairaha vardhamAna ke sama samayI astitva rakhane vAle puruSoM ke nAma nirdeza milane se sampradAya ko yA usake sacAlakoM ko apanI anAditA ke bacAva ke liye hI uparyukta upAya lenA paDA hai aura usakA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakI TIkAmeM zIlAMka sUrine aura vyAkhyA prajJaptikI TIkAmeM abhayadeva sUrine kiyA bhI hai dekho sUtra0 pR0 389 aura bhagavatI pR0 165 ajiimgjvaalaa| yadi isa sambandha meM itihAsa ko pUchA jAya to vaha spaSTatayA aura sapramANa batalA sakatA hai ki jaisA vAtsyAyana sUtra anAdi ho sakatA hai vaise hI yaha pravacana bhI anAdi kA sambhavita ho sakatA hai| }

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isa dRSTi se zAstra paurUSeya haiM, parivartita haiM aura anitya haiN| isa mAnyatA kI nIva para sAhitya vikAra ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlA merA prastuta prazna yakta ginA jAya to isameM jarA bhI anucita na hogaa| isa prazna ko vistAra pUrvaka samajhAne ke liye vartamAna zAsana ke nAyaka zrIvardhamAna kA itihAsa unakI jIvana dazA aura unake samaya kA vAtAvaraNa ityAdi ke ullekhakoM meM sabase pahale sthAna denA ucita samajhatA hai| jisa samAja ko maiM prakRta viSaya kA parijJAna karAnA cAhatA hai| vaha samAja bhagavAna vardhamAna ke nAma se, gaNa se, rUpa se, aura unake sthala jIvana se suparicita hai| usakI zrIvardhamAna ke prati itanI aTa bhakti hai ki prativarSa samAja ke bAlaka taka bhI apane pUjya puruSa ke jIvana ko eka daphA sunane meM Alasya nahIM krte| usako nAma ke liye lAkhoM rUpayoM kA homa kiyA jAtA hai, usakI sthApanA-mUrti ke vAste karor3oM rUpayoM kA vyaya kiyA gayA hai aura vaha kharca vartamAna samaya meM bhI pracalita hI hai| aise zrIvardhamAna bhagavAna kA jaina samAja ko paricaya denA yaha mAtA ke pAsa mausAla kI prazaMsA karane jaisI punarukti mAtra hai| yadyapi jaina samAja zrIvardhamAna ke sAtha itanA gAha paricaya rakhatA hai, tathApi maiM himmata pUrvaka itanA kaha sakatA hUM ki vartamAna zraddhAlu varga usa mahA purUSa ke antargata jIvana se yA vAstavika jIvana se bahuta kama paricaya rakhatA hai| aisA hone se hI zrI vardhamAna kI mUrti ke liye atula dhana kharca ne vAle zrImanta yA upadezakamuni unake yathAsthita jIvana patha para gamana karane yA karAne ke liye isa yugameM bhI azakta hI rahe haiN| jinheM prathama se hI purAnI danta kathAe. mizra kathAeM yA bar3I bar3I bar3AI kI banAvaTI bAteM sunane kI Adata paDa gaI hai aura jinake bajoM kI tarapha se bhI usI Adata ko paSTi milatI jA rahI hai ve kisI bhI aitihAsika satya-yathArtha satya kI tarapha lakSya kareM yaha eka muzkila sI bAta hai| jaina samAja vizeSataH cyApArI hone ke kAraNa dhArmika itihAsa kI ora kadAcit hI dRSTiAta karatA hai| vyApAra aura nirvAha kI pravRtti kI tIvratA ke liye evaM usameM vizeSa sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatA ke kAraNa niravakAza jainiyoM ko satya gaveSaNA ke liye bahata hI kama samaya milatA hai| satya gaveSNA kI bAta to dUra rahI paranta ve apane bArogya ke liye apane 'sage, sambandhiyoM ke svAsthya sudhAra ke liye, apanI santAnoM kI zikSA ke vAste aura apanA jIvana ghar3ane ke liye bhI ghar3Ibhara vicAra karane kA samaya nahIM nikAla skte| isI kAraNa unake rASTrIya jIvana kA bhI vikAza nahIM huA mAlUma hotaa| isase unake dhArmika jIvana yA vyavahArika jIvana ke niyamoM kA AdhAra jaina samAja ke dharmopadezakoM-sAdhu muniyoM kI dezanA para

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4 jinheM samAja apane sarvasva kA bhoga dekara poSita kara rahA hai avalambita hai| yadi ve upadezaka vizuddha mArga batalAve to yaha samAja usa mArga kI tarapha jhuka sakatA hai anyathA nadI pravAha ke samAna gatAnugatika se gamana kara rahA hai ora aise hI karatA rhegaa| yadi merI bhUla na hotI ho to jahA taka maiMne samajhA hai aisA ni. svArthI upadezaka kvacita hI dekhane meM AyA hai ki jo catura vaidya ke samAna samAja kI nabaja dekhakara use usa rogake anusAra upadezarUpI auSadhi pradAna karatA ho| yadi aisI paristhiti meM zrIvardhamAna ke yathAsthita jIvana se aparicita rahe to isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| isa bAta kA pUrNa uttara dAyitva dharmAdA jIvI upadezakoM para hI hai| yahA para zrIvardhamAna ke yathAvat jIvana kA ullekha karane meM hame anya Avazyaka bAto ko saMkSipta karanA par3egA aura vaha unakA jIvana itihAsa vizeSa gambhIra hone se usakA ullekha eka dUsare nibandha me karane kA vicAra kiyA hai| zrIvardhamAna ke samaya kI paristhiti ke kitane eka khAsa abhyAsI vidvAno ne usa viSaya meM jo vicAra pragaTa kiye hai unheM maiM nIce uddhRta karatA huuN| "mahAvIra ne DiNDima nAdase bhAratavarSa me mokSakA yaha sandeza vistRta kiyA thA ki dharma sAmAjika rUr3hI mAtra nahI kintu vAstavika satya hai, mokSa sAmpradAyika bAhya kriyA kANDa pAlana karane se nahI milatA parantu satyadharma ke svarUpa meM Azraya lene se prApta hotA hai aura dharma me manuSya eva manuSya ke bIca kA bheda sthAyI nahI raha sakatA' sAhitya samrATa zrIravIndranAtha ThAkura - (mahAvIra jIvana vistAra pR0 sa0 12) "1 2500 varSa pahale AryAvarta kI sthiti aisI thI - dharma kI yathArya bhAvanA kA nAza ho jAne para usakA sthAna artha hIna AcAra vicAro ne grahaNa kiyA thaa| uttama sAmAjika aura naitika niyama, duSTa jAti bheda se brAhmaNo ke liye vizeSa adhikAra aura zUdro ke liye ghAtaka pravRtti se vikRta ho gaye the / isa prakAra ke jAti janya vizeSa adhikAra se brAhmaNo kI sthiti pratyuta kharAba ho gaI thii| samasta samAja ke taurapara ve itanI hada taka lobhI aura lAlacI, ajJAna abhimAnI bana gaye ki brAhmaNa sUtrakAro ko bhI isa vastu sthiti kI kaDI bhASA meM TIkA karanI paDI thii| jina zUdroM ne Arya dharmake chatra nIce Azraya liyA thA, unake liye dhArmika zikSaNa aura vrata kriyA AdikA niSedha kiyA gayA thaa| sAmAjika sanmAna to unake liye bilkula uTha gayA thaa| jisa samAja me ve nivAsa karate the usa samAja kI tarapha se parivartana ke liye AturatA pUrvaka rAha dekha rahe the" - datta mahAzaya (mahAvIra jIvana vistAra pR0 9-10 ) /

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zrI uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM yajJIya, aura harikezIya, adhyayana uparokta viSaya kA samarthana karate haiN| una adhyayanoM meM brAhmaNoM ke lakSaNa batalAye gaye haiM aura sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI spaSTatayA darzAI hai ki brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra, yaha koI kisI taraha kI jAtiyAM nahIM haiM, parantu kriyA janya upanAma mAtra haiM- (dekho uttarAdhyayana sUtra kA 25 vAM aura 12 vAM adhyayana (1 vardhamAna kI jIvana dazA aura unake samaya kI paristhiti parase hama unakA lakSya yA dhyeya sahaja hI meM samajha sakate haiN| nimnalikhita eka hI vAkya meM unakA dhyeya samA jAtA hai| AcArAgDa sUtra meM zrIvardhamAna ke sandezabAhI sudharmAne zrI vardhamAna kA DhiDhorA isa prakAra sunAyA hai| " savve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dakkha paDikUlA, appiyavahA, piyajIviNo, jIvikAmA, savvesi jIviyaM piyaM" / arthAt saba jIvana AyuSya aura sukhako cAhate haiM, dukha aura mRtyu sabako apriya hai, hara eka priyajIvI haiM aura jIne kI vRtti rakhate haiM, jInA sabako pyArA lagatA hai ( AcArAgDa sUtra morbI vAlA pR0 sa0 21 ( parama yogI vardhamAna svabhAva se dayAlu na the aura na hI adayAlu the / unhI kI dazA udayagata prayoga jaisI thii| ve atyanta mita bhASI vAcaMyama the| unhoMne apane jIvana meM yathAkhyAta mArga ko hI avalambita kiyA thaa| Apaddharma ke nAma se apanI rakSAke liye unhone eka bhI chUTa na rakkhI thI / zarIra, vacana aura mana ye tIno hI unake dAsa bane huye the| jaise eka yatrakAra yatra para apanI sattA. calA sakatA hai, aura icchAnusAra kArya liyA thA / yadi zarIra ke kisI bhAga me khujalI hotI to ve khujAte taka bhI na the, zarIra para se maila dUra karane kI vRtti taka bhI na rakhate the, zakyatayA Akhe bhI nirnimeSa rakhate aura sampUrNa nagnabhAva dhAraNa karake unhone lokalajjA jItane kA ugra prayatna sevana kiyA thaa| isa dazA me uttIrNa hone ke liye ve AraNyaka - AraNyavAsI bane aura bahuta lambe samaya taka unhoMne kaThina se kaThina ThaNDI, tApa, bhUkha aura tRSA Adi kaThinAIyo kA sAmanA kiyA thaa| unhone dIkSita hote hI loka pravAha ke anusaraNa kA parityAga kiyA thA aura apane anuyAyiyo ko saMdeza sunAyA thA / kiM No logassesaNaM care yAne lokaiSaNA - lokavAda kA anusaraNa na karanA, arthAt duniyA kI dekhA dekhI gatAnugata kI lakIra ke phakIra na bananA (AcarAgDa sUtra morbI vAlA 50 sa0 84) / dIrgha tapasvI zrI vardhamAna aura buddha donoM samasAmayika mahAtmA the, donoM nirvANavAdI mahApurUSa the aura donoM kA eka hI lakSya thA / parantu lakSya ko

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6 siddha karane kI donoM kI pravRtti sarvathA judI judI thii| buddha madhyama mArga ke upAsaka ora vardhamAna tIvra mArga ke himAyatI the| buddha ne apanI mArga vyavasthA meM janatA ke zreya ko prathama sthAna diyA thA, vardhamAna janatA ke saMsparza taka kA bhI tyAga kiyA thaa| vardhamAna apanI rahanI aura kahanI meM eka hI the, unheM isa bAta para Agraha kadApi na thA ki maiM jo kahatA hUM vahI satya hai aura dUsare kA kathana sarvathA mithyA hai| ve isa bAta ko mAnate the ki eka hI lakSya ko siddha karane ke aneka sAdhana ho sakate haiM, isase sAdhana bheda meM virodha kI gaMdha taka bhI nahIM hotii| unake samaya me unakA anuyAyI varga eka lakSI thaa| parantu una sabake mArga jude juTe the| koI mumukSu nirAhArI rahatA, koI bhojana bhI grahaNa karatA, koI sarvathA nagna avasthA sevana karatA, koI savastra bhI rahatA thaa| koI svAdhyAyI thA, koI vinIta thA aura koI dhyAna meM hI magna rahatA thA / eva AtmA ko svastha karane ke aneka mArga the, parantu lakSya sabakA eka hI Atma svAsthya thA / pratyeka prANI kI zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika sthiti bhinna bhinna hone ke kAraNa saba apane 2 anukUla aura prakRti sAtmya vAle mArga kA anusaraNa karate the| usa samaya vartamAna ke jaisI kisI kI eka haththU sattA na thI ki jisase sabako ekahI pravAha meM bahanA paDe / mumukSu jyo jyo vizeSa yogyatA prApta karate, tyo tyoM adhikAdhika ve ucca sAdhana kA avalambita karate, kisI para kisI kA amaryAdita dabAva na thA / unake anuyAyI vargakA yaha praghoSa thA ki dhammo magala mukkaTha ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| arthAt ahiMsA, sayama aura tapa rUpa dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai ( dazavaikAlaki sUtra prAraMbha ) isa praghoSa meM kahI bhI eka dezIyatA kI gaMdha taka nahI isa para se zrI vardhamAna kI jIvana dazA, unake samayakI paristhiti aura unakA dhyeya hamArI samajha me AsakatA hai| aba hameM unakA zAstra sAhitya, usakI mUla sthiti aura vartamAna kAla meM dekha par3atI vikRta sthiti ke sambandha me vicAra karanA cAhiye / yahA para isa viSaya meM vizeSa carcA karane se pahale mujhe mUla sthiti aura vikRta sthiti ke sambandha meM isa prakAra khulAsA karadenA ucita hogA ki jo mahApurUSa mukhya mArga kA pravarttaka hai, usakA lakSya aura sAdhana jisame yathasthita rItyA zailI mUla sthitikI aura jisa racanA zailI meM lakSya kI ora durlakSya karake mAtra sAdhanoM kI hI takarAroM kA kolAhala dekha par3atA ho vaha vikRta sthiti samajhanA caahiye| yaha nibandha pUrNa hote taka merA yaha lakSaNa pAThakoM ko avazya dhyAna meM rakhanA caahiye| aba maiM zrIvardhamAna ke samaya kI racanA zailI kI tarapha ApakA dhyAna khIMcatA huuN|

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7 Aja se 25 hajAra varSa pahile jaba vardhamAna svayaM vidyamAna the taba Aja ke samAna upadeza pracAra ke liye Avazyaka sAdhanoM kA abhAva thA / yadyapi lekhana kalA to usa vakta bhI astitva rakhatI thI, parantu usakA upayoga vizeSataH vyavahAra vibhAga meM hI pracalita thaa| mumukSu, zramaNopAsaka zrAvakoM aura zramaNoM meM satsaMga kI pravRtti pracalita thii| jaba ve vardhamAna ke pAsa yA anya kisI bar3e zrotAkI yogyatA ke anusAra usake hitakI do cAra bAteM vidheya rUpa se - ( aisA karo hI yaha nahIM parantu aisA karanA cAhiye isa rIti se) pradarzita karate aura zrotAjana unahita kI bAtoM ko svanAma ke samAna yAda kara lete the| jina bAtoM meM apanA vizeSa hita samAyA ho una bAtoM ko pattoM yA kAgajoM para likha lene kI apekSA maMtra ke samAna hRdaya meM aMkita kara rakhanA vizeSa ucita hai yaha samajha kara bhI ve upadeza ko na likhate likhate hoM yaha bAta sambhavita hai| zrI vardhamAna ke mukhya ziSyoM ne apane anuyAyiyoM ko sikhalAne ke liye vardhamAna ke una upadezoM ko sakSepa meM saMkalita kara rakkhA thA aura so bhI kaNThAgra hI rahatA thaa| jaba kabhI prasaMga AtA taba zrI vardhamAna ne aisA kahA hai yA zrI vardhamAna ke mukha se aisA sunA hai isa rIti se una upadezoM kA vivecana yA vyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA thaa| ve saba upadeza pAlIbhASA ke samAna usa samaya kI lokabhASA - mAgadhI mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM hone ke kAraNa samasta janatA ko samajhane meM sugama aura sulabha hote the, eva zrAvaka, zrAvikA, sAdhu yA sAdhvIko zakti meM anusAra nyUnAdhika pramANa meM kaNThastha rahate the| vartamAna samaya meM jise hama ekadazAMga sUtra kahate haiM usake ve mUla upadeza the| ve mUla upadeza aura vartamAna ekAdazAMga sUtra, ina donoM meM kAla krameNa bhASA dRSTi aura artha dRSTi se kitanA parivartana huA aura vaisA hone ke kAraNoM ke sambandha maiMne eka khAsa judA nibandha likhA hai| usakA kitanA eka vizeSa upayogI vibhAga nIce TippaNa meM detA hUM" jaina darzana nityAnityavAda kA samarthana karatA hai, usakI dRSTi se vastu kA mUla tattva kAyama rahatA hai aura usa mUla tattva kI paristhiti ke anusAra aneka rUpa parivartita hote rahate hai| yaha parivartana vyavahArika aura upayogI bhI hai, kintu AkAza mUrta rUpa dhAraNa kare aura jar3a cetana rUpa meM pariNata ho aise sarvathA mithyAvAda kA jaina darzana prabala virodha karatA hai| isakA yaha kAraNa hai ki isa siddhAnta meM mUla padArtha svarUpa se hI bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| isase hama yaha samajha sakate hai ki mUla padArtha ko kAyama rakhakara saMyogAnusAra usakA parivartana jaina darzana ko sammata hai, kintu mUla padArtha kA svarUpa bhraMza to sarvathA asahya aura aniSTa hai|

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isase yaha bAta bhalI bhAMti vidita ho sakatI hai ki mahAvIra kI dUsarI zatAbdI se hI zrutakI chinna bhinnatA yAne sAhitya kI bhASA aura bhAvoM meM nyUnAdhika parivartana prAraMbha huaa| hamAre durbhAgya vaza vaha parivartana prAraMbha utane se hI na aTakA parantu uttarottara vizeSa vRddhiko prApta hotA gyaa| usa . sthitiyo me se gujaratA huA Aja hamAre samakSa upasthita huA hai isa bAta kI spaSTI karaNa nimna ulkha se acchI taraha ho jaaygaa| parama zramaNa zrI mahAvIra kA AcaraNa hI aisA hai ki jo eka mahopadezaka kI garaja pUrI kara sake, unakA eva unake zramaNa ziSyoM kA AcAra itanA nivRti parAyaNa thA ki jisase uname ke kisI bhI AtmaniSTa vyakti ko gurU kI ora se prApta huye AtmajJAna ke saMkSipta kintu gambhIra upadezAtmaka vAkya samUha ko lipivaddha karane kI jarA bhI AvazyakatA na thii| isase ve usa upadezAtmaka vAkya samUha ko apanI Atma jAgRti ke liye yathAsthita svarUpa meM kaNThastha rakhate the| ve upadeza bahuta hI saMkSipta vAkyo meM samAviSTha hone ke kAraNa sUtro ke nAma se prasiddha huye the| isI kAraNa vartamAna samaya meM upalabdha una sUtro kA vizAla vistAra bhI sUtro ke nAma se hI prasiddha ho rahA hai| arthAt jo sUtra zabda una gaNadhara mahAzayo ke samaya apanI (sUcanAt sUtram vAlI) yathArtha vyutpatti ko caritArtha karatA thA, vahI sUtra zabda isa samaya apanI usa vyatpatti ko eka tarapha rakhakara jaina sampradAya kI rUr3hIke vaza ho pramANa meM lAkhoM zloko kI sakhyA vAle grantho ko bhI apane bhAva me samAviSTa karane lagA kahanA na paDegA ki jaba taka gaNadharo ke ziSya sthavira mahAzayo ne una saMkSipta satro ko kaNThastha rakkhA thA taba taka unakI ardha mAgadhI jarA bhI parivartita na hone pAI ho, parantu jaba ve sUtra ziSyaparamparA me pracalita huye ho aura vaha ziSya paramparA bhinna bhinna dezo me vihAra karatI hogI bahata sabhava hai ki usa samaya jarUra una sUtro kI mUla bhASA ardha mAgadhI bhinna bhinna dezo ke sasarga se smRti prazake kAraNa aura uccAra bheda se parivartana ko prApta huI ho| vizeSa Age na jAkara parama zramaNa mahAvIra kI dUsarI zatAbdI kI hI bAta para dRSTipAta karane me mAlUma ho jAtA hai ki- "2 jisa vakta Arya sthUlabhadra vidyamAna the usa vakta magadha deza meM eka hI sAtha anukrama se bAraha varSIya mahA bhISaNa duSkAla paDA, usa samaya sAdhuo kA sadha apane nivAha ke liye samudra kinAre ke pradezo me rahane gayA th| vahA para sAdhu loga apane nirvAha kI pIDA ke kAraNa kaNThastha rahe huye zrutakA punarAvartana na kara sakate the aura isase vaha zrutajJAna vismRta hone lgaa| isa taraha annake duSkAla kA asara pavitra zruta para bhI par3e binA na rhaa| isame una zruta kI bhI dazA eka durbhikSa pIDita ke samAna ho gii| bhISaNa durbhikSa ke bAda pATaliputra-paTanA meM zrIsagha ekatrita huA aura usa samaya jo jisake yAda thA vaha saba zruta ekatrita karAyA gyaa| saba milAkara muzkila se gyAraha aga juDe, parantu dRSTivAda nAmaka 12 vA aMga to prAya sarvathA naSTa ho cukA thA kyoMki usa samaya Arya bhadrabAha akele hI usa dRSTibAda ke mAtA the| (dekho-pariziSTa parva aSThamasarga zlo0 193 tathA navama sarga zlo055-58)

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darbhikSa ke bAda lagabhaga tInasau cArasau varSa pIche-vIra nirvANa se pAMcavIM chaThI zatAbdI meM Arya zrI skadila aura vajrasvAmI kI nikaTatA ke samaya vaisA hI eka bhISaNa durbhikSa isa deza ko pAra karanA par3A thaa| isa viSaya kA varNana karate haye nadI cUrNI li0 pra0 saM04 se ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki bAraha varSIya bhayakara durbhikSa paDane para annake liye sAdhu jude jude sthAna meM vicarateM the, isasa zratakA grahaNa, gaNana aura cintana na kara sake, isa kAraNa vaha zrata naSTa bhraSTa ho gy|| jaba puna subhikSa huA taba mathurA meM zrI skaMdilAcArya pramukha saMgha ne sAdhu samudAya ko ekatrita karake jo jise smaraNa rahA thA vaha saba kAlika 1 zruta sagaThita kiyaa|" isa pUrvokta durbhikSa ne pahale durbhikSa se bace huye zrutako vizeSa hAni phucaaii| yaha uddhAra sUrasena deza 2 ke pATa nagara mathurA meM hone ke kAraNa zrutameM saurasenI bhASA kA vizeSa sammizraNa huA aura usameM jude jude aneka pAThAntara 3 bhI vRddhi ko prApta huye| __ yaha bAta hameM duHkha ke sAtha likhanI par3atI hai ki vaha viSama khedakA prasaMga bItane ke bAta bhI prakRti devI kI krUratA se deza para phira se vIra nirvANa dasavIM zatAbdI meM darbhikSa ke bAdaloM kI dhanaghaTA chA gii| isa samaya bahata se vizeSajJa sthaviro kA avasAna ho gayA aura jo kucha jIrNa zIrNa zruta bacA thA vaha bhI vizeSa rUpa meM chinna bhinna ho gyaa| isase usa samaya ke aMga sAhitya kI sthiti ke sAtha zrI vIra samaya ke aga sAhitya kI tulanA karane vAle ko do sautele bhAIyoM ke bIca jitanA antara hotA hai utanA bheda mAlUma honA sarvathA saMghaThita kalpa hai| 1 dekho-kAlika zruta ke liye nNdiisuutr| 2. dekho-prajApanA, Arya deza vicaar| 3 vizeSa pATha bhedoM se ulajhana me paDe haye zrIabhayadeva sarijI likhate haiM ki- "anA vaya zAstramida gabhIra-prAyo'sya kUTAni ca pustkaani|" "prazna vyAkaraNa vRtti prArambhe kimapi sphaTIkRtamiha sphuTe'Syarthata sakaSTamatidezato vividhavAcanAto'pi yat" (jAtA dharmakathA vRtti prAnte) isa viSama samayakI paristhiti dikhalAte huye kahA gayA hai ki- "zrIdevardhigaNI kSamAzramaNena zrIvIrAd azItyadhikanavazata (980) varSe jAtena dvAdazavarSIyadurbhikSa vazAd bahutara sAdhuvyApatau bahuzruta vicchittau ca jAtAyA x x x bhaviSyad bhavyalokopakArAma zrutabhaktaye ca zrIsadhagahAd mRtAvaziSTatadAkAlInasarvasAdhUna valabhyAmA kArya tan mukhAd vicchinnAvaziSTAn nyUnAdhikAn truTitA'truTitAn AgamAlApakAn anukrameNa svamatyA

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10 jaina darzana kA yaha siddhAnta tatvAvAda evaM AcAravAda meM sarva vyApI hone ke kAraNa apanA aparanAma, anekAnta darzana, bhI dhAraNa karatA hai| usakA yaha siddhAnta prakRti ke niyamAnusAra hai| prakRti kI aisI racanA hai ki sayoga vaza vajra jaisA saghana yA kaThina aura gurUtama padArtha bhI narama pravAhI jaisA ho jAya aura narama pravAhI padArtha vajake samAna dhana evaM kaThora bana jAtA hai| yaha bAta vyavahArika hai, anubhava pratIta hai aura prayogazAlA dekhane vAle ko pratyakSa siddha hai, taba phira zrI vardhamAna ke samaya ke upadeza, AcAra, vicAra, yA tatvavAda parivartita hoM to isameM koI navInatA nhiiN| vartamAna samaya me zrI vardhamAna ke jaise zarIra, vRttiyA, vastra, ghara, vaibhava yA manuSya ityAdi meM kucha bhI eka rUpa se sthira na rahA eva paramparAgata ekAkAra meM Aja kucha bhI upasthita nahIM dekha paDatA, itanA hI nahIM balki usameM itanA bhArI parivartana ho gayA hai ki zrI vardhamAna ke samaya kA koI kSatriyakuNDa kA rahane vAlA Aja Akara apane gAva ko dekhe to vaha dekhakara ekadama yaha nahIM samajha sakatA ki yahI vaha kSatriyakuMDa hai jisameM ki vaha nivAsa karatA thaa| rAtadina ke samAna yaha parivartana krama jitanA anivArya hai utanA hI upayogI bhI hai| yadi yaha parivartana kI prathA na hotI to svabhAvataH nitya naI rUci vAle manuSyoM ko isa saMsAra me jIvana bitAnA muzkila ho jaataa| ___ yahA para pAThaka mujhase yaha prazra kara sakate hai ki yadi yaha parivartana krama vastumAtra ke sAtha samAna rUpa se sambandha rakhatA hai to jaina sAhitya ko bhI lAgU paDe isameM usakA vikAra hI kyA? aura usa vikAra se hAni hI kyA? majhe namratA parvaka kahanA cAhiye ki parivartana ke do prakAra haiM, eka parivartana vikAza ginA jAtA hai aura dUsarA vikAra kahalAtA hai| eka manuSya niyamita rUpase nirantara pathya AhAra grahaNa karatA ho usakA jaThara usa saMkalayya pustakArUr3hA kRtaa| tato mUlo gaNadhara bhApitAnAmapi tatsakalAnAnantara sarveSAmapi AgamAnA kartA zrIdevardhigaNikSamAzramaNa eva jAta (samaya sundara gaNI racita sAmAcArI zatake) arthAt zrI devarSigaNI kSamAzramane vAraha varSIya durbhikSa ke kAraNa bahuta se sAdhaoM aura aneka bahuzruta sthaviroM ke viccheda ho jAne para zrutakI bhakti se prerita ho bhAvI prajAke upakArArtha zrI vIra nirvANa se 980 meM varSameM zrI sabake Agraha se usa samaya me bace huye sAdha samudAya ko balamIpura meM ekatrita kara unake mukhaseM avazeSa rahe huye nyUnAdhika ghaTita aura atruTita Agama ke pATha apanI buddhise anukramatayA sakalita kara pustakArUDha kiye| isa taraha prArabhameM gaNadharoM dvArA racita hone para bhI sUtra devasigaNI AmAzramaNase puna sakalita hone ke kAraNa vartamAna kAlIna samasta AgamoM ke kartA zrIdevArdhigaNI kSamAzramaNa hI kahe jAte hai|"

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AhArako pacA kara usameM ke sAra hisseko khUna rUpa meM, zukra rUpa meM, yA pittAdi rUpameM pariNamita karatA ho aura usake dvArA usa manuSya ke avayava puSTa hote rahane ke kAraNa usake mukha para lAlimA A jAne se usa parivartana kA nAma zarIrika vikAza kahalAtA hai, aura aniyamita apathya AhAra lenevAle manaSya ke zarIra meM jo phIkApana AtA hai, zarIra phala jAtA hai vA zarIra para jo sUjana A jAtI hai, usa parivartana kA nAma zarIrika vikAra hai| ye vikAza aura vikAra parivartana kI dRSTi se to donoM samAna hI haiM, parantu unameM se eka hameM vizeSa iSTa aura dUsarA sarvathA aniSTa hai| isI prakAra jisa sAhitya kI racanA zailI me paristhiti ke anusAra pheraphAra kiyA jAtA ho yA apUrNa racanAzailI ko samaya aura saMyogAnasAra nyUnAdhika karake paSTa banAI jAtI ho vaha parivartita sAhitya vikAza kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai, parantu jisa racanAzailI ko svacchanda, dAgraha, gaddhatA yA lokaiSaNA vagairaha apathya ke saMsarga se phIkI kI gaI ho, zophita kI gaI ho aura jo Dhola ke samAna phalAdI gaI ho usa parivartana ko yathArtha rUpa se sAhitya vikAra kI saMjJA ghaTatI hai| ina do paravirtanoM me prathama kA parivartana hameM hitakara aura kalyANa kara hai, parantu dUsarA ahitakAra aura amaMgalaprada hai| yadi koI bhI deza, samAja yA dharma pragati ko pApta huA ho to usame prathama parivartana hI kAraNa rUpa hai aura koI deza, samAja yA dharma yadi adhaH pAta-avanati ko prApta huA ho to usame dUsarA parivartana hI mukhya kAraNa hai| vartamAna bhArata, usakI prajA aura usakA dharma jisa apadazA kA anubhava kara rahA hai usakA samasta zreya dUsare parivartana para hI avalambita hai| koI bhI dharma kalaha ko pozita nahI karatA, prajAke vikAza kI rUkAvaTa nahIM karatA aura prajAke vikAza kAraka vyavahArika niyamo meM hastakSepa nahI karatA, tathApi vartamAna yugake dharmoM dharmako sAmane rakha kara mAno svaya hI dharma ke rakSaka na hoM aisA samajha kara dharma ke nAma se kalaha karate haiM, prajA bala ko kSINa karate haiM, yuvako ke vikAza ko rokate haiM aura jAgRta hotI prajA ko dharma ke hAUse DarAkara salA dene kA prayatra kara rahe haiN| ina saba bAto kA mUla kAraNa dUsarA parivartana hI to hai| uparokta paristhiti se yaha spaSTa mAlama ho sakatA hai ki gaNagharoM ke race haye satro yA ago para kaise kaise yuga bIte haiN| jisa sAhitya para kudarata kI ora se hI aisA bhISaNa prakopa ho vaha sAhitya paraparAgata eka sarIkhA hI calA Ave yaha bAta kisI bhI vicAraka kI bakhi me yathArtha nahIM jaca sktii| kintu jo aga sAhitya isa samaya vidyamAna hai vaha duSkAloM ke bhISaNa prahAroM ke kAraNa kAla rUDI, spardhA aura svAcchadya ke asahA jakhamo se jakhabhita sthiti meM hamAre sAmane astitva dhAraNa karatA hai|

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12 pAThaka samajha sake hoge ki deza kAlAnusAra parivartana jitanA upayogI hotA hai, viparIta parivartana utanA hI bhayaMkara hotA hai| merI samajha ke anusAra jaina sAhitya me iSTa aura aniSTa donoM prakAra ke parivartana huye haiM / uname se iSTa parivartanoM ko Adara kI dRSTi se dekhanA cAhiye aura aniSTa parivartano ko dUra karanA ucita hai| merA yahAM para carcA kA mukhya viSaya yaha hai ki vaha aniSTa parivartana kyo huye ? kisane kiye? aura unakA byaurA kyA hai? sarvathA satya- pragaTa satya, zuddha satya eka aisA bhArI rasAyana hai ki jise manuSya mAtra jhela nahI sktaa| jisa taraha vizeSa prakAza vizAla netravAle kI bhI AMkho ko cudhiyA dekara usakI darzana zakti kA nirodha karatA hai vaisehI kevala zuddha satya kA upadeza laukikasAdhAraNa manuSya ko ulajhana me DAla detA hai| zuddha satya kI dRSTi me punya pApa ke taDa Tika nahI skte| zuddha satya kI dRSTi meM sArAsAra nahI Tika sakatA aura zuddha satyake sAmane jAti ajAtikI bhAvanAko avakAza nahI miltaa| yadi usake sAmane koI Tika sakatA hai to mAtra eka Atma svAsthya-siddha vedya svAsthya hI samartha hai| yadyapi nikhAlasa satya pizAcake samAna DarAvanA lagatA hai tathApi parama zAnti usI samAI huI hai| vikAza kI parAkASTA para pahucane vAle manuSya mAtrako yadA kadApi usakI hI goda TaTolanI paDegI yaha bAta anirvacanIya aura ageya hone ke kAraNa kisI se nikhAlasa rItyA nahI kahI gaI parantu DhU~DhA ise sabane hai| vartamAna samaya meM ise koI kathana nahI kara sakatA aura na hI bhaviSya me bhI yaha kathana kiyA jAyegA / manuSya janma se hI kRtrima satyoM kA sasargI hai usake samajha nikhAlasa satyakA sIdhA upadeza kisa taraha kiyA jAya? isI eka kAraNavazAt manuSya kI avanati kI AzakAse ananta kAlame vaha Thosa satya chipa huA rahA hai| aura Age bhI vaha hamezA ke liye chipA rhegaa| parantu vahI sabakA dhyeya aura antima lakSya hone se hara eka manuSya jJAtAjJAta tayA usI kI upAsanA kara rahA hai| jisa taraha sAsArika yavahAra meM nipuNatA prApta karane ke liye prArambha me kRtrima sAdhano eva kRtrima vyavahAro kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI taraha usa parama satya ko prApta karane ke liye bhI kRtrima satya aura kalpita vyavahAro kI yojanA kI gaI hai| ina kalpita satya yA sabhya satyoM aura kalpita vyavahAro ko maiM iSTa parivartana kI koTi meM rakhatA hU / ina kRtrima satyo aura vyavahAro ke samaya me anusAra, samAja ke anusAra aura paristhiti ke anusAra aneka parivartana ho cuke hai, hote rahate haiM aura huA krege| parantu jaba una parivartano ko samajhane meM upadezaka yA upAsaka bhUla karate haiM, Agraha karate haiM, jo hukmI banAte haiM aura apanI sikkA jamAne ke liye samaya, samAja, yA paristhiti kI avagaNanA karane taka

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13 nahI cUkate, tabhI to una iSTa parivartanoM meM aniSTa parivartana sammilita ho jAte haiM aura phira pIr3hI dara pIDhI meM hone vAle upadezaka yA upAsaka usI aniSTa parivartana ko paripuSTa karaterahate haiN| zAstro me usakA sammizraNa karate haiM itanA hI nahIM apane pUjya purUSa ke nAmapara car3hA kara use vajra lepake samAna dRDha karate haiM / jaba samAja anekAneka varSoM taka ina aniSTa parivartanoM kA Adi bana jAtA hai- inameM rUr3ha ho jAtA hai tava aniSTa parivartana hI usake dharma, siddhAnta aura kartavyakA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, phira usake phala svarUpa zAnti kI jagaha kleza, Arogya kI jagaha bImArI, dhanADhyatA kI jagaha daridratA, svAtantrya kI jagaha gulAmI Adi naraka se bhI bhayakara yAtanAye sahana karanI paDatI haiN| Azcarya to isa bAta kA hai ki vartamAna jaina samAja prastuta paristhiti kA acchI taraha anubhava kara rahA hai, tathApi UMcI Akhe uThA kara vaha apanI durdazA para dRSTipAta nahI karatA? mAno pUrvopArjita kA prAyazcita hI na kara rahA ho, isa taraha mauna mukha hokara saba kucha sahana kara rahA hai| eka rogI ko rogadUra karane ke liye kisI eka vaidyAne tamAkU khAnA btlaayaa| rogI ne janma se kabhI tamAkU na khAyA thA, ata prArambha meM khAnA to dUra rahA, parantu usa tamAkU kI gandha sahana karanA bhI duSkara ho gyaa| roga dUra karane meM tamAkU khAnA Avazyaka hone ke kAraNa usane dhIre dhIre Adata sai | bahuta dina khAte rahane se aba use tamAkU se vaha ghRNA nahIM rahIM, aba vaha khuzI se tamAkU khAtA hai| tamAkU khAne kA aba itanA AdI banagayA ki tamAkU to mahAdevajI ko bhI pyArI hai, aisA kaha kara apanI nirdoSatA sthApita karane ke sAtha sAtha tamAkU kI devapriyatA kA bhI varNana karane lgaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki usakA roga to naSTa ho gayA, kintu tamAkU kI bImArI ghusa gii| tamAkU batalAne vAle vaidyaneM kahA ki aba tumhe tamAkU sevana kI AvazyakatA nahI, parantu pauSTika padArtha dUdha, malAI, mAvA vagairaha khAne kI jarUrata hai / tamAkU ke bhakto ko yaha bAta na rUci, usake mana to tamAkU hI malAI aura mAvAse bar3ha kara mAlUma dI / eka samaya tamAkU kI ora ghRNA se dekhane vAle ke mukha. kamala me aba jaba dekhoM taba tamAkU lakSmI hI nivAsa karatI najara AtI hai / tamAkU va cUnA masalate masalate usakI hatheliyA lAla ho gaI itanA hI nahI kintu aba usake ghara kI dIvAreM taka bhI tamAkU ke raMga se ragI gii| anta meM usa manuSya ne duHkhita jIvana bitAkara prANoM kA parityAga kiyA, parantu tamAkU na chuTI / isI prakAra kitane eka iSTa parivartana bhI usa tamAkU ke samAna hI hai| hara eka manuSya ko parama satya ke sAtha sAkhyabhAva prApta karane ke liye prAraMbha meM una parivartanoM kA Azraya senA

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par3atA hai-usakA Azraya liye binA hamArA AtmavikAza ho nahIM sktaa| vyavahAra meM bhI anubhava kiyA jAtA hai ki kisI kalAmeM pAraMgata hone ke liye prAraMbha me kalpita yA banAvaTI sAdhano kA sahavAsa rakhanA par3atA hai| hamAre bacce gaDDu gur3iyoM Adi ke khela se gRhavyavahAra aura kauTumbika sambandha sIkhate haiN| advitIya bhaugolika banane ke liye pRthvI ke bamAvaTI gole kA Azraya lenA paDatA hai| banAvaTI nagaroM kI ora sAvadhAnatA pUrvaka dekhanA paDatA hai, aise aneka udAharaNa spaSTa pratIta hote haiN| parantu jaba hama paripakva vaya ko prApta hote haiM taba isa taraha ke arthakriyA zunya gaDDA gaDiyo Adi khilaunoM ko hAtha taka nahIM lgaate| cittavRtti kA vikAza haye bAda kalpita bAto kI apekSA vyavahAraki bAteM vizeSa lAbha karatI haiM eva bhaugolika paMDita kucha nirantara hI apanI jeba meM bhUgola ke nakazokA palidA nahI DAleM rkhtaa| yadi hama bAlyAvasthA se lekara paripakva vaya hone taka uparokta prakAra ke parivartana na kareM aura bacco kI guDDA guDiyA vAlI khelana kriyA ko hI custa zraddhA pUrvaka pakaDe raheM to kyA nirvAha ho sakatA hai? itane vizAla sasAra meM kyA eka bhI manuSya aisA dekha paDatA hai ki jo apanI bAlakatA ko hI baDepana meM bhI pUrNatayA pakaDe rakhatA ho? merI to mAnyatA hai ki hamArI pratyeka sAmagrI meM paristhiti ke anusAra yadi hama parivartana karate rahe tabhI hamArA vikAza vRddhigata ho sakatA hai| sAmagriyo meM parivartana karane se hamAre pUrvajo kA apamAna nahI hotA, balki pratyuta una pUrvajoM ke lakSya taka pahucane ke liye jisa taraha hama gulAba ke paudhe kI kamala karate haiM vaise hI hama apanI pAramparika vikArita sAmagriyo kI kalama karanI Avazyaka hai| sasAra meM kitane eka prasaga aise bhI upasthita hote haiM ki jiname kudarata hI hameM parivartita kara detI hai, parantu jaba hama kudaratakA sAmanA karake azraddhAlu bana baiThate haiM usa vakta aparivartita pAna ke samAna hamame dargandha kI vRddhi hotI rahatI hai| na phirAye huye ghoDeke samAna hamArI gati rUka jAtI hai aura antame cUlhe para na phirAI huI roTI ke samAna hamAre nAza kA bhI prArambha ho jAtA hai| isa rIti se (vikRta pariNama me rUDha hokara) hama pitA vai jAyate patra-bApake samAna beTAvAlI kahAbata ko jhUTha ThaharA kara purAtana zrI vardhamAna jaise bajarga ko bhI AcAra aura vicAra me apane samAna mAnate haiM yaha kyA kama aviveka hai? sarva sAdhAraNa lokahita kI ora durlakSya karake sirpha ahapadI, svArthI aura lolapa bane huye brAhmaNo ne vaidika prAcIna satyoM me aneka sammizraNa kara paristhiti ke anusAra parivartanIya vaidika paddhati meM parivartana na karake vartamAna vaidika dharma kI zrI vardhamAna aura baddha ke samaya meM aisA bhISaNa banAyA thA ki

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15 'mAnoM loka vikAza kA saMhAra karane ke liye koI pizAca hI na AyA ho ? !! usa samaya "mAM hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni" "satyaM vadet nAnRtam" ityAdi satyoMkA upadeza karate huye vaidika dharma ne pazuvadha aura naravadha taka ko bhI dharmatayA svIkRta kiyA thA / " Atmavat sarva bhUteSu" ke siddhAnta ko udghoSita karate huye vaidika matane mAnoM brAhmaNa sivAsa anya manuSya hI nahI haiM, yaha samajha kara samasta adhikAra brAhmaNoM ko dekara dUsaroM ko usase sarvathA vacita rakkhA thaa| satya vadet nAnRtam ke niyama para race huye vaidika darzana ne usa samaya ke mAnava samAja ke pairoM meM bair3iyAM pahanAI thIM aura hAthoM ko jakar3a diyA thaa| isI kAraNa usa samaya ke samAja kA mukha poSaNa vihIna hone se vinAzakI aNI para usakI rAha dekha rahA thaa| pAde kuThAra. karake una catura brAhmaNa gurUoM ne bhI aisI bhayakara bhUla kI thI ki jisake pariNAma meM vartamAna bhArata ajJAnatA cikane kIcar3a meM dhasa kara Aja bhI pAratantrya kI viSama yAtanA saha rahA hai| una brAhmaNo ne usa samaya ke bhole bhAle samAja ko yaha upadeza diyA thA, ki hama jo kaheM vahI satya hai, hamAre kathana meM kisI ko zaMkA yA prazra karane kA adhikAra nahI hai| hamArA nirNaya IzvarIya nirNaya hai, kyoMki hama IzvarIya pratinidhi haiM / zUdra nIca me nIca hone ke kAraNa unheM nagara meM yA gAva me rahane kA adhikAra nahIM / yadi ve niyata kiye huye samaya ke binA gAMva meM tathA nagara meM Ave to unhe prANadaNDa kI zikSA denA yaha rAjA kA karttavya hai, aisA na karane vAlA rAjA garbhapAta ke pApakA bhAgI banatA hai| zUdro ko gharavAra kA jajAla chor3akara Izvara kA nAma lene kA parabrahmopAsanA kA bhI adhikAra nahI / kSatriya aura vaizya bhI hamase nIce hI haiN| hama dhArmika vidhividhAnoM meM unakA hastakSepa na hone deNge| hama kahe vaisA karanA hI unakA dharma hai / vedAdhyayana karane kA unheM adhikAra nahIM, Izvara kI santAna hone ke kAraNa hama hI vedo ke uttarAdhikArI haiM, hamArA kathana sabake liye IzvarIya pharmAna hai vizeSa kyA likhU vartamAna samaya me jisa taraha gaurAMga, zyAmAMgoM para apanI adamanIya sattA kA upayoga kara rahe haiM, vaisI hI kaThinAI yukta sattA brAhmaNa gurUo ne samAja para calAI thii| merI mAnyatA ke anusAra isakA 1 zUdrAd brAhmaNyA caNDAlA xxx kakSe jhallarIyukta pUrvAhe malAnyapakRSya bahirapoyati / grAmAd bahidUre svajAtIyai nivaset / madhyAhnAt para grAme na vizatyayam, vizecced rAjJA vadhya, anyathA bhrUNahatyA mavApnoti (vaikhAnasa dharma prazra pR0 48 ) / 2 nyAyavAn kahalAne vAle rAjA rAmacandra ne apane brAhmaNa gurUkI AjJAse mAtra sanyAsI bana jAne ke aparAdha meM zUdraka rAjAke prANa liye the, (dekho sItA naattk)|

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16 kAraNa yaha thA ki vaidika sampradAya ke bhUdeva gurUoM ne mAtra apane vilAsa kI tarapha hI dRSTi rakkhI thI aura dharma ko usakA khAsa sAdhana banAyA thaa| isI se ve paristhiti, lokahita yA AtmavikAza se viparIta pravAha meM bahane lage the| vaidika satya meM jo truTiyAM pUrvApara se calI AI thIM aura jo viziSTa sAdhana loka hita ke liye usameM milAye gaye the, unakA ve pRthakkaraNa na kara sake, isase vaidika satya itanA zophita (sUja gayA) hogayA ki jisake pariNAma meM upaniSadoM ke pravAha se use bhUzAyI honA pdd'aa| yahI dazA popa dharma kI hai| yaha dharma popa-lIlA ke nAmase prasiddha hai| kyA isake liye yaha kama zarama kI bAta hai? kahane kA sArAMza yaha hai ki paristhiti evaM lokahita ko bhUla jAne se dharma meM aniSTa tatva paidA ho jAtA hai aura huA hai | jo lokahita ke sAdhana haiM ve bhI paristhiti ke virodhi pravAha meM bahane ke kAraNa kitane eka prANiyoM kI AtmA ko jakar3ane ke liye rassI kA kAma karate haiN| Aja pratyakSa dekha rahe haiM, ki rakSA karane vAlI bAr3a hI khetako khA rahI hai, dhAraNa karane vAlA dharma hI usake AzritoM ko nIce paTaka rahA hai aura mAtA pitA ke samAna dharma gurUoM ko apanI santAna kI vedanA pUrNa karAhanA kI ora dRSTipAta karane taka kA bhI avakAza nahIM miltaa| ve aneka yAtanAyeM sahate huye jIte jAgate jainiyoM kI socanIya dazA para durlakSya "kara apanI vazavRddhi kI cintA meM lIna haiN| nirjIva hone taka jainoM kI upekSA kara pASANa khaNDoM- mUrtiyoM ke liye sarakArI adAlatoM meM mukadamebAjI karAte haiM, nirdhana va niHsatva hote huye jainoM kI tarapha dhyAna na de kara sundara meM sundara 'caMdovA pUThiyA ke nIce samavasaraNa meM baiThakara usI kA samarthana kiyA karate haiM, 'nirUdyamI hote huye jainoM ko beparavAha karake vartamAna samaya ke viparIta bar3Ibar3I yAtrAoM ke upalakSa meM lAkhoM rupayoM kA tagAra karAte haiN| jaise striyoM ko vAdya priya hotA hai vaise hI unheM bhI sAmaiyyA - jalUsa atipriya lagatA hai| jisa taraha aurateM gIta se masta bana jAtI haiM vaise ve bhI gauhalI - vyAkhyAna meM gAI jAtI huI apanI stuti, sunakara masta bane haiN| jyoM striyoM ko jamAI priya hotA hai tyoM unheM bhI ziSya ati pyAre haiN| yahAM para isa viSaya meM vizeSa kara kara apanI AtmAko kaluSita karane kI merI vRtti nahIM hai, tathApi maiM itanA avazya karUMgA ki vartamAna samaya ke dharma gurU badale kI nItikI bhI hiphAjata nahI kara skte| kyA aisA karate huye anyAyArtha bhojI nahIM kahe jA sakate? maiM unake caraNoM meM par3akara unheM yaha prArthanA karatA hUM ki ve aba yA to badale kI nItiko dhyAna meM lekara apanI sthiti ko sudhAreM yA pUrva muniyoM ke samAna zrAvakoM kA saMsarga chor3a kara banavAsI bana jAyeM / parantu zrAvakoM ke hitake bahAne unake sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle khAte khola kara aura unake pratyeka

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17 vyavahArika kArya meM dastanadAz2I karake sarakArI pulisa ke samAna unameM pArasparika phUTa DAlakara unheM vizeSa kadarSita karane ke Nita kArya ko chor3a ____ aba hama pAThakoM kA isa ora dhyAna khIcate haiM ki jaina dharma meM aise kauna se parivartana huye jo iSTa parivartana aura aniSTa parivartanakI koTimeM A sakate haiM aura ve mUla jaina dharma ke sAtha kitanA sambandha rakhate haiM evaM usa taraha ke usameM saMmizraNa kisa kisa samaya se pracalita huye haiN| mAnava jAti itanI apUrNa aura parataMtra hai ki use pratyeka pravRtti meM kisI eka nAyaka kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| nAyaka binA vyavasthita pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| ghara sambandhI, bAhara sambandhI, laukika yA paralaukika samasta pravRttiyoM meM prApta honevAlI saphalatA kA kama se kama AdhA AdhAra nAyaka kI AvAz2a para nirbhara rahatA hai| maiM svayaM bhI aisA haMki samajhate haye bhI nAyaka kI (ghara meM bar3e mAtAjI vagairaha nAyaka kI) preraNA sivAya pUrA Arogya bhI nahIM rakha sktaa| samajhatA hUM ki aMgulI ke mUla bhAga meM khujalI ho to khujAnA nahIM, aisA karane se eka vedanA ko zAnta karate huye bhaviSya me dUsarI vedanA kA honA sambhava hai, tathApi khujalIke vaza hokara haMsate haMsate khujAne lagatA huuN| aisI hI sthiti maiMne saikar3oM kI dekhI hai, saMsAra meM merI vRtti vAle manuSyoM kI bahulatA hone se AtmAvalambI bahuta kama hai, merI yaha kalpanA satya hI pratIta hogii| isa taraha kI sAdhAraNa aura kSudra me kSudra hAnikAra pravRtti se aTakane ke lie bhI hame nAyaka kI preraNA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, taba phira jisa ajJAta panthapara hamAre jIvana kA vikAza avalambita hai usa mArga ke sivA dUsarI tarapha dhyAna na jAya isake liye hameM kisI eka mArga darzaka kI jarUrata ho yaha svAbhAvaki bAta hai| isI niyama ke anusAra ghara meM, kuTumba meM, jAti me, bAjAra me, gAva me, paragane meM, z2ile meM, prAnta meM, aura deza meM evaM hara eka jagaha kI vyApAra kriyAoM meM eka eka nAyaka kI yojanA kI gaI hai| koI eka javAbadAra sthAna kalpita kiye sivA hameM kala nahIM pdd'tii| nambaradAra, thAnedAra, nyAyAdhIza, maMtrI aura rAjA Adi kI yojanA bhI hamArI apUrNatA para hI nirbhara hai, itanA hI nahI kinta Izvara vAda taka kI jaDa bhI manuSya kI apUrNatA hI hai| yugalikoM ke lambe caur3e varNanoM se bhI yahI sAra nikalatA hai ki eka samaya manuSya saMsAra meM koI sajA nA thA, na hI koI AgevAna yA gurU thA, tathApi yugalika loga apanI apanI maryAdA me raha kara sirpha khetI para hI apanA nirvAha karate the| paraspara vyAmoha yA kalahakA nAmonizAna taka bhI na thA aura sabake saba svayameva pUrNa nirogI raha kara aisA svargaprada vyavahAra karate the ki jo isa samaya mAtra hamAre granthoM meM hI zobhA prApta kara rahA hai| yadyapi

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18 yugalikoM ko jaMgalI samajha kara hameM haMsI AyagI, parantu vartamAna suzikSita va sudhare hue samAja kI parataMtratA ke liye paripUrNa kyA kisI ko jarA bhI zarama AtI haiM ? astu, antima natIjA yaha nikalatA hai ki manuSya kI apUrNa sthiti taka, paripUrNa svataMtratAko jhelane kI zakti prApta ho taba taka hamAre sarva vyApAroM meM nAyaka ke tatva kI apekSA Avazyaka hai| jisa taraha hamAre anya vyavahAra, hamAre vikAza meM niyamita rUpa hatyoM dhArmika vyavahAra bhI hamAre liye parama pathya rUpa hai| usa vyavahArako maryAdita rakhane ke liye, use paristhiti ke anusAra parivartita karane ke liye aura usameM aniSTatA kA saMmizraNa na hone pAve isa bAta kI hiphAjata ke liye hame eka gurU saMsthAkI AvazyakatA avazya hai| pravartamAna jaina saMghakI racanA kI sthApanA cAhe jaba huI ho, vartamAna ratnatraya kI (deva gurU dharma kI ) yojanA cAhe jisane kI ho parantu usameM kA upadezaka vibhAga uparokta mudde para hI niyojita kiyA gayA hai yaha merI pramANika mAnyatA hai| zrIvardhamAna parama nivRti ke upAsaka the| hama bhale hI una para 'sabhI jIva karU zAsana rasI, kA Aropa kareM, parantu ve isa Aropa ke pAtra na the| unake mana hamArA kalpita hita aura ahita dono samAna the| ve parama satya taka pahuce huve the, isa kAraNa unameM nirantara upekSA vRtti jAgRta rahatI thI arthAt unameM sadaiva parama mAdhyastha bhAva rahatA thaa| jo sthiti parama mAdhyastha kI parAkASThA taka pahuMce huye manuSya kI hotI hai vaisI sthiti zrIvardhamAna kI thii| unakI samasta kriyAye audayika hotI thiiN| jo yogI jhoMpaDI kA ghAsa khAne vAlI gAya ko haTAne me apane mAdhyasthakA bhaMga samajhatA ho usa para loka kalyANa kara bhAvanA kA Aropa denA yaha mAtra usakI yazovardhanA hai| zrIvardhamAna kI yaha paristhiti AcarAMgasUtra ke nava me adhyayana aura sUtrakRtAga sUtra me vIrastuti nAmaka prakaraNa ke anADambarI ullekha se sApha sApha mAlUma ho jAtI hai| aisI vRtti vAle zrIvardhamAna ke hAtha se hI hamAre dharma kI sagaThanA yA saMgha racanA kA honA merI dRSTi meM sarvathA anucita mAlUma hotA hai / usa samaya zrIvardhamAna ne jo kucha loka jAgRti kI thI usakA samasta zreya unake munivratako hI thA / vartamAna samaya meM maharSi gAdhI ke samAna kahane kI apekSA kara dikhalAne se hI unhoMne dabhI brahmaNoM ke balako narama karane kI laukika nimittatA prApta kI thii| unake madhyastha jIvana kI uddeza loka jAgRti na thA, parantu yaha bAta sirpha anudRSTi meghavarSaNa se phalita honevAlI khetI ke samAna unake cAritrya prabhAva se bana gaI thii| unakA jIvana aura AcaraNa mere jaise kakkA ghokhane vAle manuSya ke 1 pAramparyeNa kevala jJAnasya tAvat phalamaudAsInyam / / 4 / / ratnAkRsavatArikA, chaThA pariccheda / audAsInya zabda kA vizeSa vivecana isa sUtra kI TIkA meM dekhe /

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19 * liye anirvacanIya hai| unake samaya meM unake satya para amala karane vAle jo nirgrantha the unameM se kitane eka to unakI vRttise milate huye the aura jo mumukSu unakI vRtti ko prApta karane meM asamartha the unake liye vardhamAna ke kitane eka antevAsiyoM gaNadharoMne paribhASika bhASA meM kitane eka niyama banA diye the| merI dhAraNA hai ki vahAM taka to choTe bar3e saba nirgrantha kA lakSya parama mAdhyastha kI tarapha hI thaa| jise zrIvardhamAna ne AcAra meM rakkhA thA, usa lakSya ko pApta karane ke liye usa samaya ke sthaviroM ne jo niyama ghar3e the uname zrIvardhamAna kA sahayoga bhI audayika dRSTi se rahA ho to yaha samayocita hai| samaya aura kudarata kA yaha niyama hai ki kisI bhI taraha kI niyamabaddha saMgaThanA sivA niyaMtraNa ke sthira nahIM raha sakatI / yadyapi vaha niyamabaddha saMgaThanA mAtra parivartana kI pAtra hai, tathApi niyaMtraNAke kAraNa vaha apane mUla svarUpa se bhraSTa nahIM hotI / sthaviroM ne jo niyamabaddha saMgaThanAyeM bAMdhI thI ve sirpha nirgranthoM ke liye hI thI / vAstavika nirvikAri aura anapavAdi svarUpa nimna likhe anusAra hai| 1. - kisI bhI mumukSu ne prANAnta hone taka kisI prANIko duHkha ho vaisI pravRtti na karanA, na karAnA aura na dUsare ko vaisA karane kI sammati denA / 2. - kisI mumukSu ne prANAnta hone taka asatya na bolanA, na dUsare se balAnA aura na hI dUsare ko asatya bolane kI anumati denA / 3. - kisI mumukSu ne prANa jAne taka dUsare kI vastu usake diye binA na lenA, na dUsare se livAnA aura na hI dUsare ko vaisA karate huye anumati denA / 4. - kisI mumukSu ne prANa jAne taka abrahmacarya na sevana karanA, na dUsare se sevana karAnA aura na hI sevana karane vAle ko anumati denA / 5. - kisI mumukSune prANa jAne taka kisI bhI vastu para lezamAtra bhI mamatva na rakhanA, na rakhAnA aura na hI mamatva rakhane vAle ko vaisA karane meM sammati denA ina pAcoM pratijJAo ko jIvana meM utArane ke liye pratyeka pratijJA ko pUrNarUpa se pAlana karane ke liye ve sthavira-mumukSu araNyameM, bAgoM meM, udyAna meM, gAMva bAhara kI vasatiyoM me yA khaNDaharo meM nivAsa karate the| jahAM taka bana sakatA tapasvI nirAhArI rahate the| AhAra lenA paDatA to bilakula rUkhA sUkhA grahaNa karate, so bhI zAka-vyaMjana rahita nIrasa nirdoSa aura parimita lete

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20 the| ghI, dUdha vagairaha pauSTika padArthoM ko ve kvacit hI grahaNa karate the| gRhastho ke bhojana kara lene para dopahara ke bAda nirdoSa AhAra prApta karane kA samaya anukUla samajhA jAtA thA / sAdhAraNa niyamAnusAra to vizeSataH nirAhArI hI rahanA uttama ginA jAtA thA aura AhAra grahaNa ApavAdika mAnA jAtA thaa| sabhI mumukSu pAtra na rakhate the| kitane eka mumukSu mAtra kara pAtra the| vaise karane meM asamartha mumukSu mAtra eka yA dohI pAtra rakhate, so bhI tyAga kI dRSTi se maTTIkA pAtra vizeSa ThIka mAnA jAtA thaa| nagna rahane me hI vizeSa tyAga samAyA thaa| adhika muni samudAya nagna hI rahatA thaa| parantu jo lajjAko na jIta sake the ve mAtra eka hI vastra dhAraNa karate the / smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki usa samaya ke Adarza zrAvaka bhI mAtra dohI vastra eka dhotI aura dUsarA kheza paridhAna karate the| grAma meM nivAsa karanA aura gRhasthiyoM kA vizeSa sahavAsa sayama ke pratikUla ginA jAtA thA / vanabADoM ko pAlana karane meM vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA thA / ( vartamAna muniyo me koI viralA hI muni milegA jo navavADo ko pAlana karane meM dhyAna rakhatA ho) aura vizeSa bolane kI apekSA muni bhAvakI hI pradhAnatA zreyarUpa mAnI jAtI thI mumukSu mahAmuni apanI svIkRta pratijJAo ko jarA bhI Aca na Ane dete the aura unhe pUrNa karane ke liye kisI prakAra ke apavAdakA Azraya bhI na lete the| zrIvardhamAna isa taraha ke samartha puruSo me se eka vIranara the| unhoMne pUrvokta pAco hI pratijJAo ko jIvana paryanta vizuddha rUpa se pAlana kiyA thaa| ve isI liye muNDita huye the, nagna rahe the, karapAtra bane the ora isI kAraNa unhoMne pAzava vRtti kI ora se Ane vAle sakaTo ko saharSa sahana kiyA thaa| isI prakAra jo mumukSu vardhamAna kI koTikA sAmarthya dhAraNa karate the, ve bhI vardhamAna kI caryAkA anusaraNa karane me pIche na haTate the| parantu jo muni vardhamAna kI pAThazAlA ke abhyAsI the, jiname prANa jAne para bhI pratijJA na jAne pAve aisI vRtti prApta hone me bilamba thA, jo parvatake samAna akampatA aura bhUmike samAna sarva sahanatA taka na pahuce the, parantu usake tIvra abhilASI the ve apane dhyeya taka hI pahucane ke liye kitanI eka chUTa grahaNa karate the| vaha chUTa bhI aura kisI bAta me nahIM kintu sirpha eka do pAtra rakhane aura ekAdha vastra, so bhI gRhastha kA bartA huA rakhane kI chUTa rakhate the| yaha 1 dekho Agamodaya samitivAlA sUtrakRtAga sUtra, upasargA dhyayana gAthA 8 - 10 pU0 0-10 2 nannattha egeNa khomajuyaleNa, avasesaM vatthavihi paccakhAmi, arthAt Ananda zrAvaka kSomayugala yAne sUtra ke do vastra ke sivA adhika vastra grahaNa na karane kA niyama dhAraNa karatA hai / upAsaka dazAgasUtra pR0 3 ( samitilAvA)

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21 chUTa lene para bhI unakI sadaiva yahI bhAvanA rahatI thI ki hama kaba lajjAko jIta kara sarvathA yathAgata hokara, pAtrakI bhI garaja na rakha kara saMyamakA nirvAha karake apane usa ucca lakSya ko prApta kreNge| chUTa lene vAle chUTakA samarthana na karate the, parantu jisa taraha vRddha anubhavI vaidyakI anumati se rogI auSadhi sevana karatA hai AturatA ke sAtha aise Arogya prApta ho aura isa auSadhi se pIchA chuutte| isa prakAra kA unakA AcAra thA / yahA para maiM unake AcAra ke sambandha meM bahuta kama likha sakA hU, parantu isa viSaya ko paripUrNa samajhane kI jijJAsA vAle pAThakoM se maiM nivedana karatA hU ki ve AcArAMga sUtra bhASAntara AdyopAnta par3hakara apanI jijJAsA pUrNa kara le| muniyoM ke pUrvokta AcAra Aja bhI vidyamAna AcArAga sUtra me vaise hI ullikhita haiN| merI mAnyatA hai ki tyAga ke pAvanda AcAryoM ne isa ullekha ke mUla bhAga meM bahuta kama parivartana hone diyA hai| agasUtro me maiMne muniyoM ke AcAra ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha par3hA hai usame dIkSita honevAle muni ke liye mAtra do hI upakaraNa - eka pAtra aura dUsarA rajohaNa grahaNa karane kI bAta AtI hai| merA khyAla hai ki do upakaraNa ho yA eka do adhika ho isame vizeSa vicAra kI koI bAta nahI hai, kyoMki una upakaraNoM kA upayoga sirpha auSadhi ke samAna kiyA jAtA thA / aura nirUpakaraNI banane ke liye hI unakI AvazyakatA thI / pUrvokta prakAra se zrIvardhamAna, unake anuyAyI sthavira aura unakA pravacana ina sabakI eka samAna anAgrahI eva syAdvAdamayI sthiti hone para bhI vartamAna meM vardhamAna ke zAsana meM eka pakSa nagnatA kA hI poSaNa karatA hai| kisI mumukSu se prArambha me na dhAraNa kI jAtI ho to usakI munitA kA nizedha karatA hai| mere dekhane mujaba unake sAhitya me - digambara grantho me AdAna samiti aura pAriSThApanikA samiti kI vihitatA hone para bhI ve kAraNika vastra pAtrakA aisA sakta niSedha karate haiM ki jisake pariNAma meM unhe vartamAna samaya meM munimArgakA lopa sahana karanA paDatA hai| jisa taraha koI manuSya apane putra ko kahe ki tujhe paNDita parIkSA uttIrNa karatI hai, parantu yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA ki varNamAlA paDhane ke liye zikSakake pAsa jAne kI jarUrata nahIM hai aura na hI pahalI, dUsarI, tIsarI eva kramavAra niyukta kI huI pAThya pustakoM kA adhyayana karanA hai, sIdhA hI ucca zreNI kA paNDita bananA hai| basa isa kathana ke samAna hI usa pakSakI mokSa mArga meM vastra pAtra bAda ke ekAnta niSedhakI Agraha dazA hai| yaha samAja nagnatA kA poSaka hote hue bhI mUrtivAda ko svIkRta karatA hai aura usake liye vartamAna me bar3e bar3e mukadame

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22 karane taka bhI nahIM cuuktaa| yaha dazA digambara jaina samAja kI hai| zretAmbara pakSa vastra pAtravAdako * hI avalambita karatA hai| uparokta prakAra se usake sUtra granthoM meM spaSTatayA acelakatA kA vidhAna vidyamAna hai, tathApi acelaka zabda kA anudarA kanyAke samAna apane liye anukUla artha kiyA jAtA hai| jisake pariNAma meM Aja isa samAja ke muni vastra pAtra ke gaTThaDa taka rakhane laga gaye haiN| ina meM se merA zretAmbara mUrtipUjaka sapradAya mUrtivAda ko hI svIkAratA hai aura so bhI yahAM taka ki mUrti ke nAma se baDI baDI dukAneM kholakara lAkho rupayoM kA dhana saMgraha karane me hI indrAsana kI prApti kA svapna dekha rahA hai, mUrti ke hI nAma se videzI adAlatoM meM jAkara samAjakI atuladhana sampattikA tagAra kara rahA hai| yaha sampradAya kadorA-kaTI sUtravAlI mUrtiko hI pasaMda karatA hai, use hI mukti kA kAraNa samajhatA hai| vItarAga sanyAsI - phakIra kI pratimA ko jaise kisI eka bAlaka ko gahano se lAda diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra AbhUSaNoM se zRgArita kara usakI zobhA meM vRddhi kI samajhatA hai aura parama yogI vardhamAna yA itara kisI vItarAga kI mUrtiko videzI pozAka jAkiTa, kAlara, ghaDI vagairaha se susajjita kara usakA khilaune jitanA bhI saundarya naSTa bhraSTa karake apane mAnava janma kI saphalatA samajha rahA hai| isa samAja ke kulagurUo ne apane ko pasada paDe huye vastra pAtra vAdake samarthana ke liye pUrvake mahApurUSo ko bhI cIvara dhArI banA diyA hai aura zrIvardhamAna mahAzramaNa kI nagnatA na dekha paDe isa prakAra kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai| isa viSaya ke aneka grantha likha kara vastra pAtra vAdako hI majabUta banAne kI ve Aja taka koziza kara rahe haiN| unake liye ApavAdika mAnA huA vastra pAtra vAdakA mArga autsargika mArga ke samAna ho gayA hai| ve isa viSaya meM yahAM taka daur3e haiM ki cAhe jaise agamya jagala me, bhISaNa guphAme, yA cAhe jaise parvata ke durgama zikhara para bhAvanA bhAte huye kevala jJAna prApta huye purUSa yA strI ke jainI dIkSAke liye zAsanadeva kapar3e pahanAtA hai??? aura vastra ke binA kevala jJAniko amahAvratI tathA acAritrI kahane taka bhI nahI hicakicAye / koI muni vastra rahita rahe yaha bAta unheM nahI rUcatI, una ke mana vastrapAtra binA kisI kI gati hI nahI hotii| kisI dasto kI bImArI 1- terahavI zatAbdI ke eka digambara paNDita zrI AzAdhara jI ne 36 sAgAra dharmAmRta pR0 430 meM likhA hai ki yaha pacamakAla dhikkAra kA pAtra hai, kyoMki isa kAlameM zAstrabhyAsiyoM kA bhI maMdira yA mUrtiyo ke sivAya nirvAha nahI hotA / * anekAntavAda kI dRSTi se kisI taraha kI mAnyatA se bhI hAni nahIM hotI, kintu 'bhI' ke sthAna meM jo 'hI' ghusa gayA hai usIne isa anekAnta apekSAbAda ko vikRta kara kadAgrahoM dvArA chinna bhinna kara DAlA hai|

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23 vAle ko vaidya ne aphIma khAne ko kahA ho aura phira vaha daradI hamezA ke liye aphImacI-aphImakA gulAma bana gayA ho, vaise hI isa pakSa ke muni AhAra, vastra aura pAtra ke ApavAdika vidhAna ko pakar3a kara usake gulAma bane dekha par3ate haiN| itane hI se basa nahIM kintu dina pratidina ina muniyoM kI AvazyakatAyeM, inake akharAjAta itane bar3ha gaye hai ki samAja unheM pUrNa karate huye nicar3a gayA hai, nicar3atA jA rahA hai| (sAdhAraNa sthiti ke zrAvaka bar3e bar3e nAmadhArI va padavIdhArI muniyoM kA cAturmAsa karAte huye Darate haiM) vartamAna samaya meM Adarza meM Adarza sadgRhastha jisa mitatA kA sevana karatA hai, usase samAnatA kareM to acelaka vardhamAna ke muniyokA palar3A bilkula nIce nama jAtA hai| maiM mAnatA hUM ki ve apanI isa taraha kI pravRtti se mahAzramaNa zrIvardhamAna aura unake pravacana kI ghora AzAtanA kara rahe haiN| ve isa prakAra kA bhISaNa mUrtivAda svIkArate haiM ki jisameM tamAma prANiyoM ko zAntidAna denevAlI vartamAna samaya meM ahiMsA devI bhI homI gaI hai| ve jJAna kI pUjA par3hAte haiM, jJAna ke samakSa laDDU, batAse aura paise caDhavAte haiM, parantu unakI santAna pratidina ajJAna, vidyAvihIna hotI jA rahI hai, unakA sAhitya banda kiye bhANDAro me saDatA jA rahA hai, parantu isa ora lakSya na dekara una jJAnake pajAriyo ne jJAna bhANDAroM para apane Dabala cAbI ke tAle lagAkara use apanA kaidI banA rakkhA hai| jisa taraha jJAnake liye vaidika dharma me vedoMkA ThekA brAhmaNoM ne hI le rakkhA hai vaise hI isa pakSa ke mani (cAhe ve mere jaise gRhastha ke pAsa hI par3he ho) kahate haiM ki satra par3hane kA adhikAra mAtra hameM hI hai-zrAvakoM ko nhiiN| unakI dhArmika saMpatti me parama nirgranthatA, Adarza zrAvakatA, ucca jIvana, nAgrahI jIvana, ityAdi ahisakatA, pramANikatA, mArgAnusAritA, ityAdi sadguNoM ke badale vilAsI sAdhutA, nAmakI zravakatA, celo kI vRddhi, pustakoM kI mamatA, ayukta padaviyoM kA mithyA ADambara, guNI aura guNakI ora IrSyAlutA, baDe baDe devAlaya, acelaka aura parama tapasvI tIrthakAro ke lAkhoM rupayo ke jevara tathA zatrujayavAsI AdIzrarakA kaI lAkha kA javAharAtI mukuTa hai| mujhe apane ise kamanasIba samAja kI durdazA kA citra khIcate huye bar3A dukha hotA hai| maiM yaha bhI mAnatA hU ki yadi 1 karmAputra nAmaka muni kevala jJAna prApta hone para vicAra karatA hai yadi maiM cAritra grahaNa karU to putra zoka me mere mAtA pitA kI mRtyu ho jaaygii|, 125, "kisI tIrthakara ko indrane pUchA ki yaha karmAputra kevalI mahAvratI kaba hogA? 175-karmAputra caritra dekho| isase Apa samajha sakate haiM ki jaina granthakAra sirpha vastra rahita kevalI ko bhI mahAvratI nahIM maante| jaina kathAnuyoga kI yaha vicitratA dekhane lAyaka hai|

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24 aise samaya meM jabaki sArA samAja vicAra zUnya hokara gatAnugatika ke pravAha meM bahA jA rahA hai, koI vicAraka apane pUrvajo ke vacanoM kA anukUlatAnusAra udyoga karane kA prayatna kare to saMbhava hai ki usakI aura bhI kharAba sthiti ho jaay| isa vetAmbara pakSa meM eka aura pantha hai, jise sthAnakavAsI ke nAma se pahacAnate haiN| yaha sapradAya mUrtivAdako nahIM maantaa| isake sAdhuoM meM kahIM kahIM para tyAga kI bhAvanA dekha par3atI hai, parantu vartamAna meM ve bhI apane lakSya se vilakSya ho phaizana kI ora khice jA rahe haiN| merI mAnyatA ke anusAra mUrtivAda ko sarvathA avidheya mAnanA bhI anucita hai| aisA karane se bahuta se bAlajIvoM ke jIvana vikAza meM bAdhA paDatI hai, "bhaktimArga kA avalambana karane vAloM kA kalyANa aTaka jAtA hai" khaira, kare so bhare aura jaisA bove vaisA kATe / mujhe sabase vizeSa yaha bAta khaTakatI hai ki ina tInoM pakSavAloM ne bhale hI apane apane anukUla jude jude mantavya pracalita kiye, parantu inhoMne una mantavyo ko vardhamAna ke nAma para car3hAne kA jo sAhasa kiyA hai use maiM bhayaMkara pApa - aparAdha - anyAya mAnatA hUM aura yaha aparAdha karate huye unhoMne apanI anukUlatAnusAra saMkalita kiye huye apane apane mantavya kA jo ekAnta samarthana aura paraspara itara kA tiraskAra kiyA hai ise maiM mahA bhISaNa tamastaraNa kI bhaginI samajhatA huu| pAThaka prazna karege ki isa taraha rajase gaja banane aura rAIse parvata banane kA hetu kyA hai ? uttara me mujhe namratA pUrvaka kahanA paDegA ki isakA eka mAtra hetu jainasAhitya kA vikAra hai| sAhitya meM samaya samaya para parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai, parantu jo parivartana aniSTAkAra meM hotA hai usakA pariNAma samAja ke hita ke badale vinAza me upasthita hotA hai| zarIra me car3hA huA sojA eka bhISaNa vyAdhi mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI sAhitya para car3hA huA ekAntatAkA aura anukUlatA - svacchanda kA sojA bhI utanA hI bhayaMkara hai| sAhitya ke soje ke utArane ke liye yadi koI amogha upAya ho to vaha usakA yathAtathya itihAsa hai| yahAM para mujhe pAThakoM ke samakSa sAhitya ke sAtha sambandha rakhanevAlI samasta aitihAsika paristhiti ke kathana karane kA avakAza nahIM hai, tathApi apane nibandhaka mUla mudroM ko pRthakakaraNa 'pUrvaka vyorevAra vivecana karanA maiM apanA karttavya samajhatA huuN| una muddoM kA krama maiMne isa prakAra rakkhA hai / 1 zretAmbara digambaravAda, 2 caityavAda, 3 devadravyavAda, aura 4 AgamavAda / merA sArA vyAkhyAna ( yaha nibandha) ina cAro muddoM meM hI pUrNa hogaa| pahale mudde meM digambara zretAmbara ke ihitAsa ko prakAzita karanA hai|

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25 usameM donoM matoM ke mUla kAraNa ke sambandha meM vizeSa gaveSaNA pUrvaka vicAra karanA hai aura sAtha hI isa bAta kA bhI vicAra karanA hai ki aMgasUtroM meM isa viSaya meM kyA-kyA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, evaM zretAmbara digambaroM ke saMpradAya bhinna huye bAda jaina zAsana ko kaisI kaisI kharAba sthitiyoM meM se gamana karanA par3A hai| dUsare mudde meM caityavAda para prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| usameM mukhya tayA aneka pramANoM sahita caityavAda kA mUla artha samajhAyA jAyagA aura sAtha hI yaha bhI batalAyA jAyagA ki aMgasUtroM meM caitya zabda kisa kisa jagaha kaise kaise arthoM me upayukta kiyA gayA hai| caitya kI upayogitA aura usakA mUrtipUjA ke itihAsa ke sAtha kyA sambandha hai isa bAta kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA jaaygaa| evaM isa dUsare mudde me mUrti pUjA kI AvazyakatA batalAye bAda mUrti kaisI honI cAhiye? use kahA rakhanA cAhiye? vaha nagna honI cAhiye yA kAndore vAlI-kaTI sUtra vAlI honI cAhiye? ityAdi mUrti viSayaka aneka prazna, pramANa pUrvaka spaSTa kara denA maiM apanA kartavya samajhatA huuN| tIsare meM devadravya ke sambandha me carcA hogii| vaha kalpita hai yA ahiMsA vagairaha ke samAna aparivartanIya tatva hai? agasUtroM meM usakA vidhAna yA ullekha hai yA nahIM? usakI utpatti yA prArambha kabase huA kisane aura kisa liye kiyA? ityAdi viSayo para vyorevAra vicAra kiye bAda devadravya kA vartamAna sthiti ke sambandha me khalAsA karane kA yathAmati prayatna kiyA jaaygaa| bIca meM hI prasa gopAta devadravya ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlI kitanIeka kathAo kI zAstrIya asagatatA batalA kara jaina kathAnuyoga ke sambandha me bhI do zabda likhe jaayeNge| ___cauthe mudde meM yaha likhA jAyagA ki sUtro ko kyA sAdhu hI par3ha sakate hai? kyA sacamaca hI zrAvako ko sUtra par3hane kA adhikAra nahI hai? Agama par3hAne ke liye vartamAna samaya me jo upadhAnA kI prathA pracalita hai, vaha kaba se calI? kyoM calI? sAdhao ko hI Agama par3hane kA pramANa patra yA paTTA kisane likha kara diyA? isa viSaya me maniyo ke AcAra sUtro me yA anya grantho me kyA likhA hai? isa prakAra mujhe ina cAro muddoM para anukrama pUrvaka vivecana karake isa carcA ke sambandha me apanA nirNaya samAja ke samakSa rakhanA hai|

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zvetAmbara digmbrvaad| zvetAmbara aura digambara ye donoM zabda jaina saMpradAyake zramaNopAsakozrAvakoM ke sAtha jarA bhI sambandha nahI rkhte| yadi unake sAtha sambandha lagAyA bhI jAya to donoM zabdo kA unameM pravRttikAraNa na ghaTane se unake liye ye donoM zabda nirarthaka se hI haiN| unameM zvetAmbaratva yA digambaratva sUcita karanevAlA eka bhI cinha na hone se zvetAmbara aura digambara sajJA varSAtI kIDeko iMdragopa (iMdrakA pAlana karane vAlA) kahane ke samAna pAramparika rUr3ha aura artha zUnya hai| yadi zvetAmbara kahalAne vAle gRhastha mAtra zveta hI vastra pahanate ho aura digambara kahalAne vAle nagna hI rahate hoM to unake liye uparokta zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, yaha vyutpatti zAstrakA niyama hai| isase maiM yaha anumAna kara sakatA hUM ki ina zabdoM kI pravRtti cAhe taba huI ho, parantu usakA mUla kAraNa hamAre munirAja hI hone caahiye| ina zabdo ke mUla pravartaka sAdha maniyoM ko vartamAna sarakAra kI ora se dhanyavAda milanA cAhiye, ki jisake pariNAma me vaha adAlatoM ke dvArA donoM samAjoM se lAkho rupaye kamA rahI hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara saMjJA kA sambandha muniyoM kI caryAke sAtha hI hai, isase aura bhI eka bAta mAlUma ho jAtI hai aura vaha yaha ki usa samaya donoM ke zramaNopAsakoM kI caryA me kucha bhI bheda na hogaa| vartamAna me jo bheda dekha paDatA hai yaha unhI tapodhano ke durAgraharUpa tAlavRkSa kA rasa hai jinhone sAdhAraNa-prakAra ke bheda ko bhI eka mArgarUpa se pakar3a rakkhA hogaa| isa bAta kI yathArthatA kA anubhava to tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba ki hamArA pIyA huA kadAgrahatAtavRkSa rasa kA nasA utara ske| zvetAmbaroM ke sUtra kahate hai ki vastra aura pAtra bhI rakhane cAhiye, isake binA durbala, sukumAra aura rogiyo ke liye saMyama durArAdhya hai| yadi sAdhu vastra na rakkheM to ThaDI ke mausama me asahanazIla sAdhao kI kyA dazA ho? agni salagAkara tApane me jo hisA lagatI hai vastra rakhane me utanI hiMsAkA sabhava-nahIM hai| maniyo ko vizeSata jagalo meM rahane ke kAraNa vahA para macchara Adi jantuoM kA upadrava hone kA vizeSa saMbhava hai, ata: jo muni itanA duHkha na saha sakatA ho yadi vaha vastrAdi na rakkhe to use binA kAraNa saMyama pAlane se pIche haTanA paDatA hai| tathA jisa munine lajjA ko nahIM jItA hai use bhI vastra rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki vaha muni phaTA TTA vA

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parAnA, mailA kacailA yA kisI kA utarA hayA vastra apanI kamara para lapeTa kara lajjA ko jItanekA prayAsa kara sakatA hai| jaba use jarA bhI lokalAja kA bhaya na rahe taba vaha yadi vastra na rakkhe to vaisA ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra pAtra rakhane meM bhI saMyama kI hI sAdhanA samAI huI hai| AhAra karate samaya mAtra hAtha hI meM lekara snigdha aura dravita padArtha khAne se usakA kitanAeka hissA nIce bhI gira jAtA hai aura usase kalpita dRSTi se hiMsA kI vizeSa saMbhava hai| tathA jo mani bImAra ho, bistara se uTha na sakatA ho usakA bhI pAtra binA nirvAha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi pAtra ho to usake liye dUsarA muni pAtra dvArA tacita AhAra pAnI lA sakatA hai, evaM pAtra hone se hI usake sauca vagairaha karma ho sakate haiN| jo sAdhu vastra pAtra rakkhe binA nirdoSa saMyama pAla sakate haiM unake liye vastra pAtra rakhane kI koI rAjAjJA nahI hai| vikramakrI 7 vI 8 vIM zatAbdI taka to sAdhu kAraNa par3ane para hI vastra rakhate the, so bhI mAtra eka kaTIvastra hI rakhate aura yadi vaha kaTIvastra bhI niSkAraNa pahanA jAtA to vaha sAdhu kasAdha mAnA jAtA thaa| isa viSaya meM zrI haribhadra sarirja ne apane saMbodha prakAraNa meM isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai| "kIvo na kaNai loyaM, lajjai paDimAi jalla mvnnei| sovAhaNo ye hiMDai baMdhai kaDipaTTayamakAjje" (saMbodha prakaraNa pR0 14) apane samaya ke kusAdhuoM kA svarUpa darzAte huye zrI haribhadrasUri ne uparokta gAthA meM batAlAyA hai ki "klIba-darbala zramaNa loca nahIM karate, pratimA vahana karate zarmAte haiM, zarIra para kA mala utArate haiM, pairoM meM jUtA pahana kara calate haiM aura-binA prayojana kaTI vastra bAMdhate haiN| isa prakAra sAdhuoM ko eka kaTivastra hI rakhane kI bAta sAbita hotI hai aura so bhI sUtra sAhitya kI saMkalanA haye bAda ke granthoM se, yAne arvAcIna grantho se pratIta hotA hai| isa sambandha meM AcArAga satra meM likhA hai ki jo sAdhu vastra nahIM rakhatA use yaha cintA nahIM rahatI ki-merA vastra phaTa gayA, dUsarA vastra mAMganA par3egA, sUta mAMganA par3egA, saI mAganI par3egI, vastra sInA paDegA, pahananA par3egA ityAdi (360) ___ "vastra rahita rahanevAle muniyoM ko kadAcit tRNa kAMTe, ThaDI, tApa lagane, DAsa, macchara vagairaha kA kaSTa sahanA par3e, parantu aisA karane se lAghava (alpa cintA-nirUpAdhikatA) prApta hotI hai aura tapa bhI hotA hai" (361) "ataH jo bhagavAna ne kathana kiyA hai usI ko samajhakara jyo bane tyoM saba jagaha samAnatA bAnate rahanA," (362)

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28 AcArAMga sUtra ke uparokta ullekha se yaha bAta sApha mAlUma hotI hai ki samartha eva sahana zIla muni sarvathA nagna rahate the aura bhagavAna kI batalAI huI samatA ko kAyama rakhane kA bharasaka prayatna karate the| usa sUtra meM aisA eka hI nahIM kintu aneka ullekha milate haiN| usameM dUsare zrutAskandha vibhAga meM, vastraiSaNA nAmaka eka prakaraNa AtA hai, jisameM muniko kaise vastra aura kyo lene cAhiyeM, isa viSaya kA vyorevAra spasTIkaraNa kiyA hai| vahA batalAyA gayA hai ki- "tIsarI pratijJA- sAdhu yA sAdhvIko jo vastra gRhasthI ne andara pahana kara varta liyA ho vA Upara pahana kara varta liyA ho usa taraha kA vastra gRhasthI se mAga lenA athavA gRhastha svayaM deve to nirdoSa samajha kara grahANa karanA / " ( 813) "cauthI pratijJA -muni yA AryAkoM pheka dene lAyaka vastra mAganA cAhiye, yAne jisa vastra ko anya koI bhI zramaNa, musAphara, raka yA bhikhArI na cAhe vaisA vastra mAMga lenA yA gRhastha svayaM deve to nirdoSa mAlUma hone para grahaNa krnaa|" (824) usa sUtra me vastra rakhane ke kAraNa vatalAyeM huye kahA gayA hai ki jo sAdhu vastra rahita nagna hotA hai use yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki maiM ghAsa kA yA kATe kA sparza saha sakatA hU, zIta, tApa, DAsa, tathA maccharo ke upadrava ko sahana kara sakatA hU, eva anya bhI pratikUla, anukUla pariSaha saha sakatA huu| parantu nagna rahate huye lajjA pariSahako sahana na kara sakane vAlA muni kaTibandhanaafevastra rkkhe| (433) "yadi lajjA ko jIta sakatA ho to acela (nagna digambara) hI rahanA / vaise rahate huye tRNasparza, zIta, tApa, DAsa, macchara tathA anya bhI jo aneka pariSaha Ave unhe sahana karanA, aisA karane se anupAdhikatA - lAghava prApta hotA hai aura tapa bhI hotA hai / ata. jaisA bhagavAna ne kahA hai usI ko samajha kara jyoM bane tyoM saba jagaha samatA samajhate rhnaa|" (432) kitane eka muni eka vastra aura eka hI pAtra rakhate the yA do vastra aura do hI pAtra rakhate the / isa viSaya me nimna ullekha meM batalayA gayA hai ki "jisa sAdhu ke pAsa pAtra ke sAtha mAtra eka hI vastra ho use yaha cintA na hogI ki maiM dUsarA vastra maaNguugaa| vaha muni niravadya vastra kI yAcanA kare aura jaisA mile vaisA phne| yAvat grISmartu Ane para usa jIrNa vastra kA parityAga kara de, athavA vaha eka vastra kahane / parantu antameM use chor3a kara vastra rahita ho nizcinta ho jaay| aisA karane se use tapa prApta hotA hai|

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29 ataH jaisA bhagavAna ne kathana kiyA hai use hI samajha kara jyoM bina tyoM sarvatra samatA samajhate rhnaa|" (429) jisa muni ke pAsa pAtra ke sAtha do vastra hoM usakA yaha bhAva na hogA ki maiM tIsarA vastra maaNgegaa| yadi do vastra na ho to yathAyogya vastra mAMga lenA aura jaisA mile vaisA hI phnnaa| isa prakAra sAdhukA AcAra hai" (424) ___ "jo sAdhu yaha mAne ki zItarta bIta gaI, grISma AgaI hai, vaha una-parijIrNa vastroM ko paraTha de-tyAga de yA samaya para-kAraNa par3ane para pahane yA kama kara de, yAne eka vastra rakkhe aura antameM use bhI chor3a kara vastra rahita digambara hokara nicinta bne| aisA karate hue tapa prApta hotA hai, ata jaisA bhagavAna ne kathana kiyA hai use vaisA samajha kara jyoM bane tyoM sarvatra samatA samajhanA" (425) __ jo mani sahanazIlatA ke abhAva se yA lajjAke kAraNa eka yA do vastra rakhate haiM, vaise vastradhArI sAdhuo ke viSaya meM AcArAga sUtra me nimna likhe mujaba batalAyA hai| ___ "bhikSa yA bhikSaNI eSaNIya vastro kI yAcanA kare, jaisA mile vaisA pahane, parantu usame sudhAra na kare, tathA use dhonA yA raganA nhiiN| yadi dhoyA huA yA ragA huA ho to pahananA nahI eva grAmAntara jAte samaya vaha alpavastrI muni use chipAye nahI, vastradhArI munikA yahI AcAra haiM" (832) sthAnAga satra meM bhI vastra rakhane ke yahI kAraNa batAye haiM. jaise ki "ye tIna kAraNa ho to sAdhune" (vattha) eka vastra dhAraNa karanA, lajjA, ghRNA aura pariSaha, arthAt jo sAdhu lajjA, ghRNA ko nahIM jIta sakA hai aura sakaTo ko sahana nahI kara sakatA vaha eka vastra dhAraNa kre| jo kAraNa vastra rakhane ke Upara batalAye haiM vaise hI pAtra rakhane ke kAraNa bhI sUtra granthoM meM ullikhita haiN| isa viSaya me bhI AcArAMga sUtra ke pUrvokta pAtraiSaNA, nAmaka prakaraNa meM nimnalikhita ullekha milatA hai| "mani yA AryA ko jaba kabhI pAtra kI AvazyakatA paDe usa samaya tubIpAtra yA maTTIkA pAtra athavA isI taraha kA koI bhI pAtra grahaNa krnaa| jo muni yuvA yA majabUta bAMdhe vAlA ho use mAtra eka hI pAtra rakhanA cAhiye, dUsarA nhiiN|" (841) uparokta viSaya ko puSTa karane vAlA sthAnAgasUtra meM bhI nimna ullekha pAyA jAtA hai

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30 nirgrantha yA nirgrantha tIna prakAra ke pAtroM ko upayukta kara sakateM haiM, tUMbI pAtra, kASTha pAtra aura mRttikA pAtra, pAtra rakhane ke kAraNa batalAye huye sthAnAMgasUtrakI bArahavI zatAbdI kI racita TIkAmeM bhI nimna ullekha milatA hai| rt. . "asakta, bAla, vRddha, navIna dIkSita bhikSu, atithi gurU aura sahanazIla varga ina sabake liye pAtra rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai, tathA sAdhAraNa sAdhu samudAya ke liye aura jo sAdhu binA pAtra niravadya rIti se AhAra na kara sakatA ho usake liye bhI pAtra kI AvazyakatA hai|" 1 - " je acele parivusie, tassaMNaM bhikkhussa go evaM bhavaiH - parijinne meM vatthe, batthe jAissAmi, suttaM jAissAmi, sUiM jAissAmi, saMssiAmi, sIvissAmi, uktasissAmi, boktasissAmi, pariharissAmi pAraNissAmi / (360) 18. 'aduvA tattha paraktamataM bhujjo acelaM taNaphAsa phusati, sIyaphAsA phuMsaMti, teuphAsA phAsaMti, daMsamasagaphAsA phursati, egayare, annayare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAseti / acele lAghavaM AgamamANe tave se abhisamAoNAgae bhavati" (361) "jaheyaM bhagavatA pavedita tameva abhisameccA savvato savvattAe . samattameva samabhijANiyA " / ( 362) 2 - ahAvarA taccA paDimA se bhikkhuvA bhikkhUNIvA, se jaM puNa vattha jANejjA / tajahA - atarijjaga vA uttarijjagaMvA, tahappagAraM vattha sathaM vA Na jAjjA, jAvapaDiggahejjA / taccA paDimA " (813) ahAvarA cautthA paDimA se bhikkhu vA bhikkhUNI vA ujjhiyadhammiya vatthaM jAijjA / ja ca'NNe bahave samaNa-mAhaNa-atihi-kivaNa-bANImagANAvakaMkhati / tahappagAraM ujjhiyadhammiyaM vatthaM saya bANaM jANejjA, perA vA se dejjA, phAsya jAva paDiggahejjA / cautthA paDimA " (814 ) 3 " je bhikkhU acele parivasite, tassa NaM evaM bhavati, cAemi ahaM taNaphAsa ahiyAsittae, sIyaphAya ahiyAsittae, teuphAsaM ahiyAsittae, daMsamaMsagaphAsaM ahiyAsittae, egayare, annatare virUvarUve phAse ahiyAsittae, hiripaDicchAdaNaM ca No saMcAemi ahiyAsittae, evaM se kappati kaDivaNaM dhArita " (423)

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31 "aduvA tattha paraktamaMtaM bhujjo acelaM taNaphAsA phusati, sIyaphAsA phursati, teuphAsA phusaMti, dasamasagaphAsA phusati, egayare, annayare virUvarUve phAse ahiyaaseti| acele lAviyaM AgamamANe, tave se abhisamannAgae bhvti| jahetaM bhagavayA pavediyaM tameva abhisameccA savvao sa vattAe samattameva samabhijANiyA" (434) / 4-"je bhikkha egeNa battheNa parivasite pAyavitieNa, tassa No evaM bhavaibitiya vatthaM jaaissaami| se ahesaNijjaM vattha jAejjA, ahApariggahiyaM vA vattha dhArejjA-jAva gimhe paDivatne, ahAparijunnaM vatthaM prittttvejjaa| aduvA egasADe aduvA acele lAviyaM AgamamANe tave se abhisamannAgae bhvi| jaheyaM bhagavayA paveiya tameva abhisameccA savvAo savvattae samattameva, samabhijANiyA" (429) "se bhikkhu dohi vatthehiM parivasite pAtatatiehiM, tassaNa No evaM bhavati, tatiyaM vatthaM jaaissaami| se ahesaNijjAI vatthAiMjAejjA jAvaevaM khalu tassa bhikkhUssa sAmAggiya" (424) "aha puNa eva jANajjA, uvakte khalu hemate, gimhe paDivanne, ahAparijunnAiM vatthAI pariTThavejjA, aduvA satarutare, aduvA omacelae, aduvA egasADe, aduvA acele lAviya AgamamANe, tave se abhisamaNNAgae bhvti| jaheya bhagavatA pavedita tameva abhisameccA savvato savvattAe samattameva abhijaNiyA" (422) 5"se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA ahesaNijjAi vatthAi jAejjA, ahApariggahAI vatthAiM dhArejjA, No dhoejjA, No ragejjA, No dhoya-rattAi vatthAI dhArejjA, apaliucamANe gAmatares omcelie| eta khalu vatthAdhArissa sAmaggiya" (832) 6-tIhi ThANehi vatthaM dharejjA, taMjahA-hiripattita duguMchApattiya, parIsahattayaM" (171) 7"se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA abikakhejjA pAyaM esitte| se ja puNa pAyaM jANejjA, taMjahA alAupAya vA, dArupAyaM vA, maTTiyApAyaM vA, tahappagAraM paayN| je niggathe taruNe jAva thirasaMghayaNe, se egaM pAyaM dhArejjA, No bIyaM" (841) 1. pRSTa 64 se 652 10 186 se 187, 3 pR0 83, 4 pR081-79-805 pR0 1916 sthAnAga sUtra samitivAlA pR0 137 7 pR0 194 AvArAga sUtra (ravajI bhAI vAlA mUla aura bhASAntara) 8 pR0 139 sthAnAMga sUtra (samitivAlA)

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8"kappai NiggaMthANa vA NiggaMthINa vA tato tato pAyAiM dhArittate vA, pariharittate vA, taMjahAlAuyapAde vA, dArupAde vA, maTTiyApAde vaa"|(170) isa prakAra zvetAmbaroM ke ina prAmANika sUtra granthoM meM kahIM bhI yaha mAlUma nahIM detA ki vastra pAtra ke hI liye Agraha kiyA gayA ho, yA usake sivA saMyama ho hI nahIM samatA, mukti mila hI nahIM sakatI vA vastra pAtra ke binA kalyANa hI nahI hotA, isa bAta kA Agraha karane vAlA koI bhI lekha nahIM miltaa| sUtroM meM sApha yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jo mani vastra pAva binA bhI nirdoSa saMyama pAla sakatA ho usake liye vastra pAtra kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai aura jo sAdhu vastra pAtra ke binA sayama pAlane kI zakti ko prApta na kara sakA ho vaha yadi vastra pAtra-eka yA do vastra aura ekAdha pAtra rakkhe to bhI koI harakata nahI hai| dono kA dhyeya saMyama hai, tyAga aura Atmazreya hai| vastra pAtra rakhane vAle ko vastra pAtra kA gulAma nahIM bananA aura nagna rahane vAle ko nagnatA kA gulAma nahI bananA caahiye| tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI bhI sthiti kA dAsa na bana kara aura ekAnta durAgraha na karake jitanI AvazyakatAye kama ho sake vaisA prayatna karanA hai| isI prayatkSavAle mArga kA anusaraNa zrIvardhamAna ne kiyA thA aura yahI Arya granthoM me ullikhita hai, isI mArga meM tyAga aura AtmasvAtazya hai evaM ghara gRhasthI choDane kA sAra bhI isI meM samAyA hai| jahA taka maiM samajhatA hU Upara kathana kiye mujaba isa sambandho me digambara grantho ke pramANa dene kA vizeSa avakAza nahI rahatA, arthAt pUrvokta pramANika aura prAcIna satra grantho ke ullekha se isa viSaya para kAphI prakAza paDacukA hai, tathApi ekAnta nagnatAvAda ko mAnanevAle digambara sapradAyake granthoM para bhI dRSTipAta kara lIjiye kyA isa bAta kA buddhi svIkAra kara sakatI hai ki una grantho me yaha likhA ho-mani bImAra paDA ho, cAhe maratA hI kyo na ho tathApi use kapaDe ke cathaDe taka ko hAtha na lagAnA cAhiye? vaha rUgNAvasthA meM bistara para hI bhale TaTTI pisAba karatA ho? tathApi vaha eka maTTIke ThIkare takako sparza na kare? ugra saMyama ke poSaka digambara granthoM ne bhI jisa taraha maniyoM ko khAne pIne kI chUTa dI hai vaise hI mAtra saMyama ke liye vastra pAtra kI bhI chuTa denI ucita hai| yadi una grantho me sayama ke nimitta isa prakAra kA vidhAna sarvathA na ho to maiM samajhatA hU ki vaha unake racayitAkI truTi hai| abhyAsI eva tadicchuka manuSyo ke liye aisI koI sthiti kvacita hI hogI, jisameM ekAdha chuTa rakkhe binA unakA nirvAha ho ske| jahAM taka bane vahA taka samatAko kAyama rakhate hue gamana karanA yaha to sahI hai parantu jaba

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usa samatAke hI guma hone kI naubata Ave usa vakta mAtra use sthira rakhane ke ___arthAt ahisArUpa mahA udyAnakI rakSA karane vAle ko usake cAroM ora pAMca bADe karanI haiM, ora ve isa prakAra haiM- vANIkA sayama, manakA sayama, kisI vastu ko uThAte rakhate-yAne upakaraNo ko uThAte aura rakhate samaya sAvadhAnatA aura Alokita khAna-pAna me sAvadhAnatA rkhnaa| isa ullekha meM khAna pAna kI sAvadhAnatA ko jadA likhA hai, isase AdAna nikSepaName usakA sambandha pratIta nahI hotA, isa kAraNa cauthI bADakA sambandha nirgranthoM ke liye auSadhike samAna vastra pAtra rakhane kI manAI kisI bhI AcAra sAhitya meM saMbhavita nahI hotii| digambaro ke rAjavArtika aura jJAnArNava Adi grantho meM AdAna samiti aura pAriSThApanikA samiti ke nAma dekhane me Ate hai| eva una para vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai, ataH vastra pAtra ke sambandha me digambaro kI mAnyatA ke bAre me maiMne jo uparokta kalpanA kI hai use vizeSa puSTI milatI hai| rAjavArtika me 271 pRSTha para isa viSaya meM isa prakAra ullekha milatA hai|| "vAGamanogapti-i-AdAna nikSepaNa samiti Alokita pAna bhojanAni paca" / / 8 / / upakaraNo ke sAtha (vastra pAtrAdike sAtha sagata aura ucita mAlUma detA hai jJAnArNavame 190 ve pR0 para isI viSaya ko isa prakAra batalAyA hai "zayyAssmano-padhAnAni zAstropakaraNAni c| pUrva samyak samAlocya prati likhya puna puna / / 12 / / gRhvato'sya prayatnena kSipato vA dhgtle| bhavatyavikalA sAdhorAdAna samiti sphuTam" / / 12 / / arthAt zayyA Asana, takiyA, zAstra kI hiphAjata karane vAle upakaraNa, ina sabako acchI taraha dekha bhAla kara-jamIna ko sApha dekhakara rakhate huye aura uThAte hue sAdhu AdAna samiti ko avikalatayA pAla sakatA hai, isI prakaraNa me vyatsarga samiti-nikSepaNAsamiti kA bhI ullekha hai| uparokta jJAnArNavakA upakaraNo se lagatA havA ullekha zAstropakaraNo kA bhI nirdeza karatA hai, taba phira zArIrika upakaraNo-sirpha auSadhivat upayoga meM Ane vAle vastra pAtra kA ekAntika niSedha kisa taraha kiyA jAya? vardhamAna ke nAmase calanevAle pravacana meM, usame nirdoSa brAhya sAmagrI meM kisI bhI jagaha ekAntatA kA sambhava nahI hotA, kyoMki isa pravacana.kA nAma hI anekAnta darzana hai| tathApi yadi vardhamAna ke nAma se pracalita bahI khAte meM unake 'munImane isa taraha kI brAhma sAmagrI meM bhI kahI para ekAntatA kA aMka samizrita kara diyA ho to maiM kama se kama yaha mAnane ke liye taiyAra nahIM haiM ki usa bahI khAte kA vahivaTa vardhamAnAnugAmI hai| cAhe vaha zvetAmbaroM kA ho

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isase pAThaka svayaM samajha sakeMge ki zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kI dIvAra kevala Agraha kI nIva para hI cinI gaI hai| vastra pAtra ke liye donoM saMpradAya ke prAcIna granthoM kA ekasA hI abhiprAya hai, tathApi vartamAna meM isa viSaya meM donoM saMpradAyoM me jo bhISaNa matabheda dekha par3atA hai usakA mUla kAraNa, donoM saMpradAya ke pUrva dharmagurUo aura Aja kala ke kulagurUoM kA durAgraha, svAcchandya, zaithilya aura mamakSatA kA abhAva ityAdi ke sivA aura kacha nahIM ho sktaa| kisI eka aise vidvAna ko jise zvetAmbara aura digambaratA kI abhI taka ba bhI na lagI ho dono saMpradAya ke prAcIna granthoM meM batalAye huye AcAra vibhAga kA adhyayana karane kA kArya sopA jAya to vaha unakA adhyayana karane para isa bAta kA nirNaya karane kI ulajhana meM paDa jAyagA ki inameM kauna-sA zvetAmbara aura kauna-sA digambara grantha hai, itanI sAmyatA hai| kyA koI sAdhAraNa buddhi vAlA manuSya yaha batalA sakatA hai ki jo krIzciyana charI kAMTe se khAte haiM aura jo krazciyana hAtha se khAte haiM ve donoM jude jude dharma vAle haiM, yA eka hastabhojI matakA krIzciyana aura dUsarA charIkAMTA mata kA krIzciyana hai| yadi ye donoM zrIzciyana jude jude ho sakate hai taba hI zvetAmbara aura digambara jade jade ho sakate haiN| anyathA unakI judAI to dUra rahI parantu unake zvetAmbara aura digambara nAma taka bhI sabhavita nahIM hote aba hame zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kI jaDakI ora dRSTi pheranI cAhiye ki jisakA abase 2000-2200 varSa pahale akUra phUTA thA aura tabhI se usa para Agraha kA jala DAla DAla kara use puSTa evaM sudRr3ha kiyA gayA hai| yaha bAta to hama sunate hI haiM ki zrI vardhamAna ke samaya bhagavAna pArzvanAtha sAdhu bhI the, jinheM ki Rja prAjJa mAnate haiN| jahA taka maiM samajhatA haM sabhya saMsAra meM yaha asaMbhavita hai ki jo vivekI aura sarala ho vaha jaDa aura vakrakI apekSA adhika ArAma talaba ho yA ArAma talabI kI vizeSa chUTa le| merI mAnyatA ke anusAra jaDa aura vakra manuSyoM kI apekSA Rju aura prAjJa purUSoM para vizeSa javAbadArI rahatI hai| jisa taraha kA AcaraNa ve karege vaise hI AcaraNa kI tarapha vakra aura jaDa buddhi vAle, manuSyo kI pravRtti ko to yaha bacAva karane kI chUTa hai ki jaisA vivekI AcaraNa kare vaisA hI karanA hamAre liye bhI hitakara hai| aisA hone ke kAraNa vivekI aura sarala manaSyoM ko apanA AcAra aisA sudRr3ha evaM apavAda rahita rakhanA cAhiye ki jisase unake pIche calanevAlA varga bhI sadRr3ha aura nirapavAdi AcAro ko pAla ske| isa taraha kI vastusthiti hone para bhI hamAre sunane meM AtA hai ki Rju aura prAjJa sAdhaoM kI apekSA vakra aura jaDa sAdhaoM kA AcAra vizeSa kaThina eva

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35 dussaha kiyA gayA hai| Rju prAjJa sAdhu paca raMgI vastra, rezamI vA bahumUlyavAna vastra bhI pahana sakate hai aura vakra jaDa sAdhuoM ko zakyatAnusAra acelaka (vastra rahita, eka vastrI yA do vastrI, vaha vastra bhI purAnA, mailA, phaTA TUTA aura gRhasthI dvArA vartA huA, jaisA mile vaisA hI sudhAre binA kAraNa par3ane para hI upayoga meM lenA cAhiye) hI rahanA caahiye| kisI eka sAdhu samudAyako uddeza kara banAyA huA khAna-pAna Rju prAjJa sAdhu gahaNa kara sakate haiM aura vahI khAna pAna vyakti kI dRSTi se bhI vakra jar3a sAdhuoM ke liye dUSita ginA jAya, Rju prAjJa muni rAja piMDa bhI grahaNa kara sakate hai, parantu vakra jaDoM se vaha sarvathA nahIM liyA jA sktaa| Rju prAjJa pratikramaNa kI kriyA apanI icchAnusAra kara sakate hai, parantu vakra karanI caahiye| Rju prAjJa zayyAtara gRhastha ke ghara kA AhAra pAnI vagairaha grahaNa kara sakate haiM parantu vakrajar3a muni nahIM le sakate / vihAra, jeSTha kaniSThakI vyavasthA aura bandanAdi vyavahAra ke liye RjuprAjJa nirakuza raha aura unhIM kAryoM ke liye vrakrajaDoM ko gurU kI paratatratAme rahanA paDe, yaha bAta vicAra karane lAyaka hai| iname se nirakuza AcAra bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke Rju prAjJa sAdhuo kA hai aura sAMkuza AcAra bhagavAna vardhamAna kA hai aura sAMkuza AcAra bhagavAna vardhamAna ke muniyo kA hai| yahA para yaha bAta maiM pAThakoM para hI chor3atA hUM ve svayaM vicAra kareM ki uparokta AcAroM meM kisameM vizeSa kaThinatA dekha par3atI hai aura kauna - sA AcAra vizeSa maryAdita mAlUma hotA hai? yadi tyAga kA artha apanI AvazyakatAye kama karane kA ho yadi tyAga kA artha niraMkuzatAko rokanA hotA ho, sahana karanA ho aura yadi tyAga kA artha maryAdita jIvana bitAnA ho to hara eka manuSya niHsakoca yaha svIkAra kiye binA na rahegA ki zrIvardhamAna ke hI AcAroM me tyAga, sAdhutA, maryAditapana, sahanazIlatA, sAkuzatA aura pUrNa vairAgya bharA hai| tathA RjuprAjJa purUSo ke AcAro meM anukUlatA ArAma yathecchavartitA aura amaryAdA jhalaka rahI hai| kadAcit pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI vidyamAnatA me unake ziSyo meM isa prakAra kA sukhazIla vartana na bhI ho, parantu unake nirvANa bAda - zrIpArzvanAtha aura zrIvardhamAna ke ziSyo ke 250 varSa ke daramyAna kisI bhI samaya pArzvanAtha ke santAnIyo para usa samaya ke AcArahIna brAhmaNa gurUo kA asara par3A ho aura isI kAraNa unhone apane AcAroM meM se kaThinatA nikAla kara vizeSa narama aura sukara AcAra banA diye hoM yaha vizeSa sabhAvita hai| mAna liyA jAya ki hamArA koI par3ausI acchI taraha nahAtA dhotA ho, icchAnusAra vastra pahanatA ho aura aisI rIti bhAMti rakhate huye bhI vaha sAdhu yA dharmarU kI haisiyata se pratiSThA yA pajyatA prApta kara sakatA ho to maiM nahIM

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36 mAnatA ki usakA dUsarA tyAgI par3ausI usake AcAraNa kA anusarala karane me jarA bhI bilamba kregaa| kaThina AcAro ko pAlana karane meM, lajjA ko jItane me, zarIra ko vaza rakhane me aura isI taraha kI anya bhI tyAga kI aneka bAto me manuSya svabhAvase hI zithila dekha paDatA hai| isI kAraNa vaha apanI anakalatA ke anusAra AcAro niyamo eva kriyAo ko pAlana karate huye yadi dharmacaraNa kara sakatA ho to vaise sukara niyamo kI ora vaha jhaTa jhuka jAtA hai aura jahA bhUkhA rahane ko kahA jAtA ho vastra rahita hokara AcAra pAlA jAtA ho tathA jahA para zarIra ke pratyeka subhIte kA nirodha kiyA jAtA ho usa tarapha koI viralA hI muzkilase jhukatA hai| agasUtra grantho me jahA taka maiM dekha sakA hU zrIvardhamAna jaise samartha yogI purUSa ke samakSa bhI namra hone me zrIpArzvanAtha ke santAnIya hicakicAye haiN| unhone zrIvardhamAna kI parIkSA-mAtra korI vacana parAkSA lene ke liye kitane eka pazna pache haiM aura jaba unase unakA samAdhAna ho gayA eva usame bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke siddhAnta kI sAkSI milI taba hI unhone zrIvardhamAna ko mastaka jhakAyA hai| sUtro me jahA jahA para zrIvardhamAna aura unake nirgrantho ke samAgama hone kA varNana AtA hai vahA para saba jagaha nirgrantho ne unhe pradakSiNA dekara vandana karake apane vaktavya yA praSTayakA prArabha kiyA hai, isa taraha kI sakalamA prApta hotI hai, itanA hI nahI balki skadaka jaise anya matAvalambI tApasa ne bhI vardhamAna ko milate samaya jaina nirgranthoM ke yogya unakA satkAra kiyA hai, yaha ullekha bhI bhagavatI mUtra ke dUsare zataka meM vidyamAna hai| parantu jahA~ para pArzvanAtha ke santAnIya muniyo kA varNana AtA hai vahA~ sarvatra unhone vardhamAna vA unake sthaviro ko milate hI turanta sAdhAraNa satkAra karane taka kA bhI viveka pragaTa kiyA ho aisA ullekha nahIM miltaa| paranta unhone vardhamAna yA unake muniyo ke pAsa jAkara unake sAtha bAtacIta karake, unhe pahacAnane ke bAda vandanAdi karane aura unakA dharma svIkRta karane kA ullekha milatA hai| sUtro me aise aneka ullekha vidyamAna haiN| uname se eka do ullekha kI ora maiM pAThako kA dhyAna khIcatA hU~- bhagavatI sUtra ke navame zataka ke battIsave uddezaka me eka gAgeya nAmaka pArzvanAtha santAnIya kI kathA AtA hai, usame isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai ki 1 "eka vardhamAna vANijya grAma ke dUtipalAza nAmaka caitya me padhAre the, vahA~ para unakA upadeza sunane ke liye vahA~ kA samAja ekatrita huA thA aura usa sadapadeza ko sanakara vaha loka samUha vApisa apane apane sthAna para calA gayA thaa| usa grAma me vardhamAna ko gAgeya nAmaka pArzvanAtha aNagAra mile the, ve vardhamAna ke pAsa gaye the aura unake najadIka baiTha kara unhone vardhamAna ko kitaneka prazna pUche the| apane

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37 pache huye praznoM ke uttara mile taba se hI usa pAvApatya gAMgeya aNagAra ne vardhamAna ko sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ke taura para pahacAne the| phira unheM bandanAdi karake usane apanA cAturyAma dharma chor3a kara vakra jaDo kA paMcayAma mArga svIkRta kara apanA zreya siddha kiyA thaa|" ___ isI Rju prAjJa gAMgayane vardhamAna kI parIkSA lI thI aura isa nimitta usane unheM aneka parokSa prazna bhI pUche the| isI prakAra dUsare * kAlAsyavezika pAzrvApatya ne vardhamAna ke sthabiro ke sAtha samAgama hote samaya kisI bhI prakAra kA sAdhAraNa vinaya satkAra taka nahI kiyA, parantu usa samAgama ke pariNAma me use vakrajaDo ke samadAya me milanA par3A thaa| yaha kaisI Rju prAjJatA aura vakrajaDatI hai? ina donoM pAzvApatyoM ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlA jo ullekha milatA hai usameM se upayukta bhAga meM nIce noTa meM diye detA hU~, isa viSaya ko savistara jAnane kI icchA rakhane vAle pAThakoM ko ve donoM prakaraNa dekha lene caahiye| Rja aura prAjJa purUSo kA eka aisA svAbhAvika niyama hai ki ve kahI bhI AgrahI nahI hote, gaNa ke premI hote haiN| balki 'guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liMgaM na ca vayaH. aisI uktiyoM ko ve hI caritArtha karate haiN| ve aise namra hote hai ki sarvathA anajAna kintu guNI vA tapasvI manuSya ko milate hI ucita sanmAna karanA nahIM cuukte| aba hame yaha 1 "neNa kAleNa, teNa samaeNa vANiyagAme NAma Nayare hotthA, vaNNAoM, duipalAse ceie, sAmI sabhosaDhe, parisA NiggayA, dhammo kahio, parisA paDigavA, teNa kAleNa, teNa samaeNa pAsAvaccijjA gAgeye NAma aNagAre jeNeva samaNe bhagava mahAvIre teNeva uvAgacchai, uvAgacchahattA samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa adarasAmate ThiccA samaNa bhagava mahAvIra eva vayAsI " "tappabhii ca Na se (pAsAvaccije) gageye aNagAre samaNa bhagava mahAvIra paccabhijANai-. savvaNNU svvdrisii| taeNa se gageye aNagAre samaNa bhagava mahAvIra tikkhutto AyAhiNapayAhiNa karei, badai, Namasai, vadittA, NamaMsittA eva vayAsI-icchAmi Na bhte|! tumbhe Atee caujjAmAo dhammAo pacamahavvaiya, eva jahA kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre taheva bhANiyabda jAva0 svvdkkhpphiinne|" - (bhagavatI0 ajIma0 pR0738-739-787) ___ "teNa kAleNa teNa samaeNaM pAsAvajjei kAlAsavesiyapatte NAma aNagAre jeNeva therA bhagavato teNeva uvAgacchada, uvAgaicchattA there bhagavate eva kyAsI - (bhaga0 vA0 pR0 131)

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samIkSaNa karanA cAhiye ki una Rju prAjJoM kI yaha sthiti kahA~? aura hamAre Rja prAjJoM kI vardhamAna jaise dIrgha tapasvI kI parIkSA lene vAlI vaha bhI anamravRti kahA~? isa het se eva aise hI anya bhI aneka pramANoM se maiM yaha nirNaya kara sakatA hU~ ki vardhamAna ke samaya pArzvanAtha jI kI prajA sukhazIla ho gaI thI aura vaha bhI yahA~ taka ki vardhamAna jaise mahApurUSa ko pahacAna sakane jitanI bhI sthiti na rahI thii| bhagavatI sUtra me usako sakalita karane vAle ne eka jagaha pApityIya kAlAsyavezI aNagAra ke mukha se vardhamAna ke nirgranthoM kI sAmAyika ke sambandha meM carcA karAI hai| usa carcA ke anta meM vaha pApityIya sAdha isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki - "he nirgranthoM ! jaisA tumane sAmAyika kA svarUpa batalAyA hai aisA maiMne nahI sunA, evaM vaisA mujhase kisI ne nahIM kahA" ityAdi yaha viSaya bhagavatI sUtra meM isa prakAra likhA hai __ * isa samaya pApitya kAlasyavezika putra aNagAra buddha huvA-bodha ko prApta havA, arthAt sAmAyikAdi ke svarUpa kA nAnakAra huA aura usane vardhamAna ke vakrajar3a sthaviroM ko vandana, namana karake isa prakAra kahA - ki he bhgvnto| tumane jo pada kahe haiM inhe pUrva meM na jAnane se, pahale na sunane se, isake sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlA bodhi lAbha na prApta hone se yA majhameM svaya vicAra karane kI buddhi na hone se, isa viSaya kA vyorevAra bodha na rahane se, una pado ko maiMne svaya nahI dekhA thA aura, na sunA thA isase ve pada merI smRti me na Ane ke kAraNa unhe viziSTatayA na jAna sakane se, gurU ne unhe vizeSatA pUrvaka na kathana karane se, ve pada vipakSa se apRthaga bhUta hone se, gurU ne unheM baDe grantho se saMkSepa meM udhdhRta na kiyA hone se aura isI hetu ve pada anavadhArita rahane se Apase kathana kiye gaye isa artha ko maiMne na saddahA thaa| parantu he bhgvnto| aba maiMne Apase ina padoM ko jAnA hai, isase mujhe Apake kathana kiye artha me zraddhA, vizvAsa aura rUci huI hai eva Apa jo kahate hai vaha usI prakAra hai| "etthaNaM (pAsAvaccijje) kAlAsavesayaputte aNagAre sabar3he there bhagavate vadai, Namasai; vaditA, NamasittA eva vayAsI-eesi Na bhate! payANa puSvi aNNANyAe, asavaNayAe, abohiyAe, aNabhigameNa, adiTThANa, assuyANa, asuyANa, aviNNAyANa avvogaDANaM, avvocchiNNANa, aNijjUDhANa, aNuvadhAriyANa, evamaTTa No saddahie No pattiie, No roie, iyANi bhaMte! eesi Na jANaNAe, savaNayAe, bohiyAe, payANaM abhigameNa, diTThANa suyANa viNNAyANaM bogaDANaM vocchiNNANa NijjUDhANa uvadhAriyAga eyamahu~ saihAmi, pattiyAmi, roemi, evameya se jaheyaM tumbhe vyh| tae Na te therA bhagavaMto kAlAsavesiyaputa aNagAra eva bayAsI-saddahAhi ajjo! pattiyAhi ajjo! roehi bajjo! se baheyaM amhe vyaamo| tae Na

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39 isa prakAra eka Rju prAjJa saMpradAya ke. mani kI vANI sunakara vardhamAna ke vakrajar3a sthaviroM ne use kahA ki he Arya ! hama jo kahate haiM usameM zraddhA karo, vizvAsa karo aura rUci rkkho| isake bAda usa RjuprAjJa kAlAsyavezika mani ne sthaviroM se kahA ki he bhagavanto ! merI aisI vRtti hai ki apanA cAma dharma choDakara Apake pratikramaNa sahita paMcayAma dharma ko aMgIkAra karake vicruuN| isake uttara meM sthaviroM ne vizeSa komalatA pUrvaka kahA ki he devapriya ! jaise sukha paidA ho vaise karo aura vaisA karane meM vilamba na kro| (bhagavatI sUtra ajIma0 pR0 134-135) / isa ullekha meM vardhamAna ke vakrajaDa ziSyoM se RjaprAjJa pApitya ne sarvathA na jAnA huvA jAnA, na sunA huA sunA aura vaisA karake usane apanA pUrvApara se calA AtA cAturyAma mArga chor3a aura vakrajar3oM kA sapratikramaNa pacayAma mArga svIkAra kara apanA kalyANa siddha kiyaa| yaha bAta bhI merI pUrvokta kalpanA ko puSTa karatI mAlUma detI hai| isake uparAnta mArga badalane ke sambandha me vartamAna agagranthoM meM pAzvapityoM se lagate huye anya bhI aise aneka ullekha upalabdha hote haiM, jo merI mAnyatA kA samarthana karate hai| isa viSaya me maiM pArzvanAtha aura vardhamAna, nAmaka eka savistara nibandha likhanA cAhatA huuN| ataeva yahA~ para isa viSaya kA vistAra karake prastuta nibandha kA kalevara bar3hAnA vyartha hai| astu Upara batalAI huI merI tamAma dalIleM isa bAta ko spaSTatayA sUcita karatI haiM ki vardhamAna ke samaya meM pArzvanAtha kI bADI kamalA gaI thI, vaha uttama tyAga ke jala se siMcita na hotI thI, kintu use sukhazIlatA kA kiMpAka ke rasa jaisA ApAtamadhura pAnI milatA rahatA thaa| pAThakoM ko smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki maiM zvetAmbaratA aura digambatA ke mUla kI zodha kara rahA hai| majhe apane yathAmatijanya manana ke bAda pAzrvApatyoM kI sukhazIlatA me hI usakA mUla samAyA huA mAlUma detA hai| vardhamAna ke AsamAsa ke pArzvanAtha ke santAnIyo kI sukhazIlatA meM mujhe kucha bhI mInamekha mAlama nahIM detI, eva unakI RjutA aura saralatA prAjJatA meM bhI merA koI matabheda nahIM hai| isameM merA matabheda sirpha itanA hI hai ki ve koI apane sukhazIla AcAro ke kAraNa RjaprAjJa na the, parantu jaba unheM vardhamAna kI ora se yA unake nirgranthoM kI tarapha se kucha samajhAyA jAtA taba ve usa kAlAsavesiyaputte aNagAre, there bhayavate vadai, namasai vaditA, NamasittA eva vayAsI-icchAmi gNbhte| tumne atie cAujjAmAo dhammAo pacamahavvaiya sapaDikkamaNa dhamma uvasapajjittA gaM vihritte| ahAsuha devaannuppiyaa| mA paDibadha kareha" ityaadi| (bhagavatI sUtra, ajIma, pR0 134-135)

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40 viSaya ko zIghra samajha lete the aura zIghra aMgIkAra karake apane AcaraNa me ghaTita parivartana kara lete the| prAraMbha meM bhale hI apanI svIkRta sukhazIlatA kI custatA ke kAraNa yA anya kisI kAraNa unhone vardhamAna yA unake sthaviro ke sAtha bhinna dharmoM ke samAna vartAva kiyA ho, parantu jaba ve paraspara vizeSa samAgama meM Aye taba samAgama me Ane vAle pratyeka pArzvanAtha santAnIya ne vardhamana kA kaThina mArga aMgIkAra kiyA hai| yaha bAta sUtroM me ullikhita pArzvapatyo ke pratyeka ullekha ke anta me bar3e sarala aura nikhAlasa zabdo me Aja bhI spaSTarUpa se jhalaka rahI hai, ye zabda hI pAzrvApatyoM kI RjutA aura prAjJatA kI sAdhanA ke liye paryApta hai / parantu unake dono guNo kA sukhazIla AcAro ke sAtha kucha bhI sambandha ho yaha bAta mujhe bhAsita nahI hotI / pArzvanAtha ke bAda dIrghatapasvI vardhamAna huye, unhoMne apanA AcaraNa itanA kaThina aura dussaha rakkhA ki jahA~ taka merA khyAla hai isa taraha kA kaThina AcaraNa anya kisI bhI dharmAcArya ne Acarita kiyA ho aisA ullekha Aja taka ke itihAsa me nahI miltaa| AtmabhAva jisa prakAra paradeziyoM kI, paradezI padArtho kI aura paradezI rItirivAjo kI gulAmI me jakaDI huI vartamAna bhAratIya prajA ko jahA~ taka bana sake sAdagI kI AvazyakatA hai, bana sake utanA svadezImaya banane kI jarUrata hai aura zakya pramANa me apanI AvazyakatAo ko kama karake sukhazIlatA ko choDa Adarza purUSa parama tyAgamUrti mahAtmA gAdhI ke mArga para calane kI jarUrata hai, isI prakAra Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa pahale dharmagurUoM meM ghuse huye vilAsa ko dUra karane ke liye aura dharmagurUo kI ora se prajA para paDe huye bhAra ko halakA karane kI khAtira Adarza me Adarza tyAga, aura parama satya ke sadeza kI AvazyakatA thii| isI kAraNa vardhamAna ne apanI bharajavAnI me hI sayamI hokara apane AcaraNa ko itanA kaThina kasA thA ki jisa kaThinatA kI kalpanA ko bhI Adhunika manuSya nahI pahu~ca sktaa| isI kaThinAI ke prabhAva se usa samaya ke dharmagurUo me puna tyAga kA saMcAra huA aura isase ve nirgrantha ke nAma ko zobhAyamAna karane lge| usa vakta jo naye nirgrantha banate the zakyatAnusAra vardhamAna kA hI anusaraNa karate the| isa prakAra eka daphA punarapi bhArata meM tyAga kA dharma parAkASThA para pahu~ca cukA thaa| jyo gADI kA pahiyA phirA karatA hai, prakAzake bAda andhakAra AyA karatA hai. AtApa ke bAda chAyA AtI hai tyo bhAratavarSa me usa samaya kI jhalakatI huI tyAga kI jyoti amAvasyA kI kAlarAtri ke timira me vilIna

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ho gaI thI, bajha gaI thI aura pIche phira bhI bhAvI timira saMcaraNa kI sadhyA ne apanA raga prakAzita kiyA thaa| hataM sainyamanAyaka' yaha uti bhAratIya prajA ko sadA se lAgU paDatI A rahI hai| senA pUrNajoSa meM lar3a rahI ho aura vijaya prApti meM mAtra dasa pAca hI minaTa bAkI hoM, aise samaya yadi senApati ke gira jAne kI khabara sunane meM Ave to bhArata kI senA titara bitara ho kara kauravoM ke samAna cAroM dizAoM meM bhAga jAtI hai aura apane kSatrIyapana ko lAchita karatI hai| yathArtha yahI rIti bhArata ke dharmakSetra meM yA anya samasta vyavahAroM meM abhI taka samAna rUpa se lAgU par3I hai| vardhamAna kA nirvANa hone se parama tyAgamArga ke cakravartI kA tirodhAna ho gayA aura aisA hone se unake tyAga nirgrantha nirnAyaka se ho gye| tathApi maiM mAnatA hai ki zrIvardhamAna ke pratApa se unake bAda kI do pIDhiyo taka zrI vardhamAna kA vaha kaThina tyAgamArga ThIka rUpa se calatA rahA thaa| yadyapi jina sukhazIliyo ne usa tyAgamArga ko svIkArA thA unake liyekacha chUTa rakkhI gaI thI aura unhe Rj prAjJa ke mabodhana me prasanna rakkhA gayA thA, tathApi merI dhAraNa mujaba va usa kaThinatA komahana karane meM asamartha nikale the, aura zrIvardhamAna sudharmA tathA jaba jaise samartha tyAgI kI chAyA me ve aise daba gaye the ki kisI bhI prakAra kI cIpaTAka kiye binA yathA tathA thoDI sI chUTa lekara bhI vardhamAna ke mArga kA anusaraNa karate the| parantu isa samaya vardhamAna, sadharmA yA jaba koI bhI pratApI parUSa vidyamAna na hone se unhone zIghra hI yaha kaha DAlA ki jinezvara kA AcAra jinezvara ke nirvANa ke sAtha hI nirvANa ko prApta ho gayA hai| jinake jaisA mayama pAlana karane ke liye Avazyaka zArIrika bala yA manobala Ajakala nahI rahA, eva ucca koTi kA Atma vikAza aura parAkASThA kA tyAgamArga bhI Aja lopa ho gayA hai| ata aba to vardhamAna ke samaya me jo chUTa lI jAtI thI uname bhI sayama ke sabhIte ke liye (2) vaddhi karane kI AvazyakatA mAlama detI hai| merI mAnyatAnasAra isa sakrAti kAla me hI zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kA bIjAropaNa huA hai.aura jaba svAmI ke nirvANa bAda isakA khUba poSaNa hotA rahA ho yaha vizeSa sabhavita hai| yaha hakIkata merI nirI kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai, kintu vartamAna grantha bhI ise pramANita karane ke sabala pramANa de rahe haiN| vidyamAna sUtra grantho eva kitaneka anya grantho me prasagopAta yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki.. "maNa-paramohi-pulAe AhAraga-khavaga uvasame kppe| saMjamatiya kevali-sijhaNA ya jabummi vucchiNNA" / / 2593 / /

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42 arthAta jabUsvAmI ke nirvANa ke bAda nimnalikhita dasa bAte viccheda ho gaI hai| 1 manaparyavajJAna, 2 paramAvadhi jJAna, 3 pulAkalabdhi, 4 AhAraka zarIra, 5 kSapakazreNI, 6 upazama zreNI, 7 jinakalpa, 8 saMyamatrika ( yathAkhyAta saMyama, parihAra - vizuddhika sayama aura sUkSma saparAya saMyama) "kevala jJAna aura 10 vA~ siddhi gamana" / isase yaha bAta spaSTa mAlUma ho jAtI hai ki jabasvAmI ke bAda jinakalpa kA lopa huA batalA kara abase jinakalpa kI AcaraNA ko banda karanA aura usa prakAra AcaraNa karane vAlo kA utsAha yA vairAgya bhaMga karanA, isake sivA isa ullekha meM anya koI uddeza mujhe mAlUma nahI detA / maiM sirpha jinakalpa lopa hone kA granthapATha batalA sakatA hU~, parantu vaha pATha kaba kA hai ? aura kisa kA racA huA hai? isa viSaya me kucha nahI kaha sakatA / tathApi isa pATha ko devardhigaNI ke samaya taka kA manane me koI sadeha mAlUma nahI detA, arthAt isa pATha kA Azaya paramparA se calA AtA ho. aura isI se sUtra grantho me bhI ise zrIdevardhigaNI jI ne samAviSTa kara diyA ho to yaha sabhavita hai| jabUsvAmI ke nirvANa bAda jo jinakalpa viccheda hone kA vajralepa kiyA gayA hai aura usakI AcaraNA karane vAle ko jinAjJA bAhara samajhane kI jo svArthI eva eka taraphI dabhI dhamakI kA DhiDhorA pITA gayA hai. basa isI me zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA ke viSavRkSa kI jaDa samAI huI hai| tathA isake bIjAropaNa kA samaya bhI vahI hai jo jabasvAmI ke nirvANa kA samaya hai| isa gavaSaNa ke uparAnta bhI usI. samaya meM isake prArabha ke aura bhI aneka pramANa milate hai| jiname se eka bauddhagranthoM aura dUsarA digambaro kI paTTAvalI meM maiMne svaya aba lokita kiyA hai / buddha dharmAnusArI sUtrapiTaka, 1 'majjhimanikAya' nAma grantho me se eka isa * vizeSAvazyaka bhASya (ya0pra0pU0 1035) vizeSAvazyaka ke isa ullekha ko bhASyakAra zrI jinabhadrasUri ne jinavacana yAne tIrthaMkara kA vacana batalAyA hai aura TIkAkAra zrI malladhArI hemacaMdra jI ne bhI makkhI para makkhI mArane ke samAna usI bAta ko dRDha kI hai| balihArI hai zraddhAndhatA kI ? gAthA me likhA hai ki jabU ke samaya ye dasa bAte viccheda ho gaI, isa prakAra kA, ullekha, to vahI kara sakatA hai ki jo jabUsvAmI ke bAda huA ho| yaha bAta maiM vicAraka pAThako se pUchatA hU~ ki jabUsvAmI kebAda kauna sA 25 vA~ tIrtha kara huvA hai ki jisakA vacanarUpa yaha ullekha mAnA jAya? yaha eka hI nahI kintu aise sakhyAbaddhA ullekha hamAre kula gurUo ne pavitra tIrthaMkaro ke nAma para car3hA diye hai| jisase hama viveka pUrvaka kucha bhI nahI vicAra skte| kyA yaha kucha kama tamastaraNa hai? 1 - "eva me suta - eka samaya bhagavA sakkesu viharati sAmagAme tena kho pana samayena nigaTho nAtaputto +++ hoti, tasma bhinnA nigaThA dvedhikajAtA, bhaNDanajAtA, kalahajAtA, vivAdApanna aJJamaJJa mukhamattIti vitudatA vihati" arthAt maiMne aisA sunA hai ki eka samaya bhagavAna buddha zAkya deza meM zyAma grAma me vicarate the, usa samaya jJAta putra bhI the| jJAta putra ke nirgranthoM meM kalaha huA thaa| ve jude hokara paraspara bakavAda karate vicarate the, * A A ,

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viSaya kA ullekha milatA hai ki "jJAtapatra (vardhamAna) ke nirgranthoM me matabheda haA thaa|" uparokta jinakalpa vicchinna hone kA jo ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jambasvAmI ke pIche arthAta vardhamAna ke nirvANa bAda 64 ve varSa me unake maniyo me do dala ho gaye the| jiname se eka narama dala yaha kahatA thA ki aba jinakalpa viccheda ho gayA hai| isaliye hama usakA AcaraNa kara hI nahIM skte| dUsarA garama dala jinakalpa kA pakSapAtI thA aura jinakalpa ke AcaraNa kA himAyatI thaa| ina dono dalo ke matabheda kA hI ullekha bauddha grantho me huA ho, aisA isa gAthA ke "jaMbummi vacchinnA" pada para se hama saralatA pUrvaka anamAna kara sakate haiN| isa viSaya ko digambaro kI paTTAvalI bhI puSTa karatI hai| zvetAmbaro aura digambaroM kI paTTAvalI me zrI vardhamAna, sudharmA tathA jambasvAmI taka ke nAma samAna rIti se aura eka hI krama se ullikhita pAye jAte haiM, parantu usake bAda ke Ane vAle nAmo me sarvathA bhinnatA pratIta hotI hai aura vaha bhI itanA vizeSa bhinnatva hai ki jambasvAmI ke bAda uname se eka bhI nAma pUre taura para nahIM miltaa| isa prakAra jambUsvAmI ke bAda hI ye paTTAvaliyA judI 2 ginI jAne lgii| yadi isakA koI kAraNa ho to vaha eka mAtra yahI hai ki jisa samaya se sarvathA jude 2 paTTadharo ke nAmo kI yojanA prArabha huI-usa samaya jambasvAmI ke nirvANa bAda-vardhamAna ke sAdhuo me bheda par3a cukA thaa| vaha paDA haA bheda dhIre 2 dveSa va virodha ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA rhaa| usa samaya jo svaya mumukSu purUSa the ve to yathAzakya ucca tyAgAcaraNa mevana karate the, aura jo pahale se hI sukhazIlatA ke gulAma bana cuke the, ve kucha maryAdita chuTa rakhakara parAkASThA ke tyAga kI bhAvanA rakhate the| arthAt jambUsvAmI ke bAda bhI una mumukSAo me se kaI eka to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kaThina tyAga mArga kA hI anusaraNa karate the aura kaI eka jinhone parimita chUTa lI thI, ve kadAcit athavA nirantara ekAdha kaTivastra rakhate hoge, pAtra bhI rakhate hoge, tathA nirantara nirjana vanoM me na raha kara kabhI pa bastiyo me bhI rahate hoge| mujhe usa samaya kA kucha pratyakSa jJAna nahIM hai, tathA pitAzrI haribhadrasUri kI Age batalAI huI gAthA para se aura apanI buddhi se itanI to kalpanA kara sakatA hU~ ki mumukSu purUSa sayama nirvAha ke liye isase adhika chaTa le, yaha maiM mAna nahI sktaa| una mamakSao me jo madhyama varga thA yAne jo pUrNa mamakSa na thA parantu Aja kala ke muniyo ke samAna matAgrahI thA vaha kisI taraha apanI vidyamAnatA ko yAvat candra divAkara sthApita karanA cAhatA thA, arthAt uname se eka pakSa vastrapAtravAda me hI mukti kI prApti dekhatA thA aura dUsarA pakSa mAtra nagnatA me hI mokSa mAnatA thaa| tyAga ko AcAra me rakhane kI bAta dUra rahI parantu apanI 2

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44 mAnyatAo ko zrI mahAvIra ke nAma para car3hAne kI dhuna me ve eka aise samaya kI rAha dekhate the ki jisame pragaTa rUpa meM virodha kiye binA hI sadA ke liye sarvathA jude ho jaayeN| vIra nirvANa ke bAda kA yaha samaya deza kI prajA ke liye baDA hI bhISaNa thaa| magadha deza meM jahA~ vardhamAna kA sAmagrajya thA darbhikSa ke bAdala chA gye| vIra nirvANa ko abhI pUre do sau varSa bhI na bItane pAye the ki deza me bhayakara darbhikSa zurU ho gyaa| bar3I kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karake deza yathA tathA usa darbhikSa ko pAra kara kucha ThIka sthiti meM A rahA thA ki itane hI meM vIra nirvANa kI pAMcavI-chaThI zatAbdI me puna. bAraha varSIya akAla rAkSasa ne magadha ko apane vikarAla gAla me dabA liyaa| yaha baDA bhayakara akAla thA, isame tyAgiyo kA tapa bhI DolAyamAna ho gayA thA, AcAro me mahAn parivartana ho gayA thA aura anna ke abhAva se dina pratidina smaraNa zakti naSTa hone lagI thii| isase paramparAgata jo kaThastha vijJA calI A rahI thI vaha vismRta hone lagI thI itanA hI nahI kintu usakA vizeSa hissA vismRta hI bhI cukA thaa| zeSa bace haye zruta ko kisI taraha kAyama rakhane kI bhAvanA se durbhikSa ke anta me mathurA meM Arya zrIskaMdilAcArya ne vidyamAna samasta zratadharo ko ekatrita kiyaa| uname jo matAgrahI, mukhazIla aura narama dala ke mani the ve bhI aaye| paranta isI me matabheda par3A aura vaha yaha ki maniyo ke AcAra ke liye kyA likhanA cAhiye? kyA nagnatA kA hI vidhAna kiyA jAya yA vastrapAtratA kA? eka pakSa kahatA thA ki nagnatA hI vidhAna honA cAhiye, dUsarA pakSa vastrapAtratA ke vidhAna kI bAta para jora de rahA thaa| isa prakAra kI pArasparika takarAra hone para bhI dIrghadarzI skAdilAcArya ne aura unake vAda ke uddhAraka devardvigaNI kSamAzramaNajI ne sUtro me kahI para bhI kevala nagnatA yA mAtra vaspa pAtratA kA hI ullekha nahIM kiyA, parantu donoM bAto kA saghaTita nyAya kiyA hai| mAtharI vAcanA ke mUlanAyaka purUSa aura balabhI vAcanA ke nAyaka purUSa, ina donoM mahAtmAoM kA maiM hRdaya pUrvaka koTizaH abhinandana karatA haiM ki unhoMne usa 2 samaya ke kisI taraha ke vAtAvaraNa meM na Akara AcAra pradhAna AcArAMga sUtra meM muniyoM ke AcAroM kI saMkalanA karate haye mAtra sAdhAratayA hI bhikSa aura bhikSaNI ke AcAra batalAye haiN| usame kahI para bhI jinakalpa yA sthavira kalpa eva zvetAmbara yA digambara kA nAma taka bhI nahIM Ane diyaa| dhanya hai una mahApurUSo kI anAgrahItA ko, dhanya hai unakI mumukSutA ko aura dhanya hai una nispakSa purUSa ratno kI jananI ko| jo vicAraka purUSa AcArAga sUtra me diye huye bhikSu tathA bhikSuNiyo ke AcAra ko binA kadAgraha ke sirpha eka hI daphA par3ha legA usake mana meM mere uparokta

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45 kiye nirNaya ke sambandha meM jarA bhI zaMkA na rhegii| merI yaha prAmANika kalpanA hai ki mAthurI vAcanA ke samaya hI muniyoM meM spaSTarUpa se do dala ho gaye the| zvetAmbaroM me jo digambaro ke viSaya meM yaha dantakathA hai ki vIrAt 609 meM digambaroM kI utpatti hai, isa dantakathA meM batalAyA huA samaya aura mAtharI vAcanA kA samaya lagabhaga samIpa kA hone ke kAraNa pUrvokta merI mAnyatA ko puSTI milatI hai| basa aba to eka hI maiMga ke do Tukar3e ho gaye, tila tere aura ur3ada mere vAlI bAta ho gii| eka hI pitA ke do putroM ne hissA bA~Ta kara pitA ke ghara meM eka majabUta dIvAra cinanI zurU kara dii| donoM patro ko zrIvardhamAna mahAvIra para mamatva hone ke kAraNa ina donoM ne apane 2 siddhAnta zrI zrImahAvIra ke nAma para car3hA kara Agraha ke Aveza se anekAnta mArga aura apekSAvAda ke zrImahAvIra ke mUla niyama ko tor3a kara paraspara zAbdika mahAbhArata zurU kiyaa| eka ne dUsare ko boTika aura nihnava kahanA prAraMbha kiyA, taba dUsare ne usakA javAba bhraSTa aura zithila zabdoM meM diyaa| dono pakSoM ne zIghratA se apane 2 pakSa ko prabala karane ke liye apanI anucita aura ekAntika kalpanA ko bhI zrImahAvIra ke nAma para car3hA kara usa prakAra ke zAstra (zastra?) bhI ghar3a DAle aura usame bhI unakI jo dazA haI thI vaha maiM apane zabdo me na batalA kara Arya zrI siddhasena ke hI zabdo meM batalAtA hU~___ "grAmAntaropagatayorekAmiSa saga jAta mtsryo| syAt saukhyamapi zunoAMtrorapi vAdinorna syaat|" bAda dvAtriMzikA-1 ve dono bhAI apanI 2 mAnyatAoM ke AvezakIdhuna meM isa bAta ko bhI bhUla gae ki muktatA kA vizeSa sambandha AtmA aura usakI vRttiyo ke sAtha hai yA ki vastra-pAtra aura nagnatA ke sAtha? dono pakSI ne bhaviSya kI prajA ko apane apane pakSa meM mukti ke paTTe kA dastAveja milane kI ayogya aura bAliza bAta bhI karate hue AgA pIchA na dekhaa| jisa ke pariNAma svarUpa vartamAna prajA pArasparika virodha se mukti ke viparIta mArga para jA rahI hai| pAnI me tairanA sIkhanevAlA eka bAlaka bhI yaha samajha sakatA hai ki tairane kI kalA kA abhyAsa karane taka taMbI rakhanA par3atA hai| parantu vaha abhyAsa pUrA huye bAda-evaM tairane me pUrNa dakSatA milane para vaha tubA bhArarUpa mAlUma hotA hai| paranta jo abhyAsI usa kalA meM adhakacarA aura saMzayazIla hai, use apanA pUrNavizvAsa hue binA vaha tuMbA apanI surakSitatA ke lie rakhanA paDatA hai| isa taraha ke sarala aura bAla subodha viSaya meM koI yaha kahe ki

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46 pratyeka tairane vAle ko nirantara tubA rakhanA hI cAhie, usake sivAya usakA chuTakArA hI nahIM aura dUsarA yoM kahe ki haraeka tairane vAle ko apane Atmabala para vizvAsa rakha kara hI tAlAba meM kUda par3anA cAhiye aura tuMbe kA jarA bhI sparza na karanA caahiye| ye donoM bAteM jaisI hAsyapAtra haiM usI prakAra zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kA Agraha bhI mumukSuoM ke lie vaisA hI hAsyapAtra hai| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki yadi unhoMne kisI taraha kA Agraha na rakha kara mAtra sUtragranthoM ke anusAra hI apanA pakSa kAyama kiyA hotA aura yaha likhA hotA ki bhikSuo ko cAhiye yathAzakya apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama rakkheM aura vivaza hokara mAtra saMyama nirvAha ke lie yadi koI chUTa rakhanI par3e to vaha bahuta hI kama pramANa meM rakkheM, itane hI akSaroM me una donoM pakSoM kA Azaya A sakatA hai| sArA samAdhAna ho sakatA thA aura donoM meM se eka pakSa z2arA bhI khaNDita nahI hotA thaa| parantu jo Agraha ke ghoDepara car3he ho, unake mana meM aisI matAgraha ke nakAre bajate ho, vahA nispakSatA kI tUtI kauna sunatA hai ? unhoMne pakSa bhI akAvya bAMdhe aura prajAke AdhyAtmika bailakA nAza hone kI tarapha jarA bhI dhyAna na diyA / mAnasika balakA satyAnAza hone para bhI unhoMne "deha pAtaye" aura kAryA sAdhaye, kI rItise apanA viziSTa bala isI mArga meM kharcanA zurU kiyA aura jo bAta mahAvIra ne na kahI thI, eva jo mahAvIra ke pravacana meM use sakalita karane vAlo ne bhI na car3hAI thI, usI bAta ko mahAvIra ke nAma para car3hAkara vaise aneka grantha likhane zurU kiye aura sAhitya rUpI apUrNanirogI zizu ko mahAvIra ke nAma para car3hAte hue sammizraNoM kI zaTAsa pilA 2 itanA adhika sujA diyA ki vartamAna kAla meM yaha samajhanA bhI bar3A kaThina ho gayA hai ki yaha usakI vikAra janya sojiza sthiti hai yA vAstavika rkt| eka tarapha AcArya zrI jinabhadrajI ne isa taraha kA praghoSa kiyA ki jinakalpa viccheda ho gayA hai, aisA zrI jinezvara bhagavAna ne kahA hai / isa taraha asatya rItyA jinezvara bhagavAna ke nAma para car3he hue pravAdakA anusaraNa karake aura pracalita sapradAya ko sanmAna dekara AcArAMga sUtra ke TIkAkAra zrI zIlAkasUrijI na usa AcAra pradhAna grantha me jahAM para vastra pAtra se lagate huye niyama likhe gaye haiM vahAM bahuta sI jagaha aisA ullekha kiyA hai ki "yaha to jinakalpIkA AcAra hai, yaha sUtra jinakalpIko uddeza kara likhA gayA hai aura yaha bAta jinakalpako hI ghaTa sakatI hai|" jahAM taka maiM samajhatA hU~, TIkAkAra ke ye ullekha mUlakA sparza taka nahI karate, kyoMki yadi usa prakAra nAmo ke vibhAgAnukrama se hI AcAroM kA bandhArana kiyA gayA hotA to mUlameM hI kyoM na vaisA ullekha kiyA gayA hotaa| mUlame to mAtra vizeSatA rahita bhikSu aura bhikSuNI zabdoM meM hI muniyoM ke AcAra likhane kA

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prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI yahAM para mujhe yaha bhI batalA denA cAhiye ki TIkAkArane isa taraha kA mUla ko sparza na karane vAlA artha karate hue kaI eka jagaha to apane sampradAya se bhI viruddha kalama calA dI hai| kahIM 2 para ve spaSTa rUpa se skhalita bhI ho gaye haiN| rA0 ravajI bhAI dvArA chape huye AcArAMga sUtra meM pR0 113 meM 556 vIM kalama meM, pR0 190 me 824 vIM kalama meM aura pR0 194 meM 841 vIM kalama me bhikSa aura bhikSaNI ke AcAra eka samAna likhe gaye haiN| tathApi TIkAkArane una kalamoM ke bhAva ko jinakalpiyoM ke liye ghaTAne kA sAhasa karake spaSThatayA apane sApradAyika siddhAnta kA bAdha kiyA hai| kyoMki zvetAmbara saMpradAya me purUSa hI jinakalpa ke adhikArI mAne gaye haiM aura bhikSuNI ke liye likhA gayA ho use jinakalpI kA AcAra mAna liyA jAya to phira usame Aye huye bhikSuNI zabda ke artha ko kisa taraha saMgata kiyA jAya? tathA jisa jinakalpa ke viccheda hone kA zrIjinabhadrasarijI ne jina bhagavAna ke nAma se durbhinAda sanAyA hai use to usake sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle AcAro kA ullekha sUtro eva anya granthoM me kisa taraha ho sakatA hai? isa prakAra apane samaya ke saMpradAya kI rakSA karate haye TIkAkArane "jiNa kappiyA itthI na hoI" arthAt strI jinakalpI nahIM ho sakatI, isa prakAra ke sApradAyika siddhAnta ko vAdhita kiyA hai| yaha bAta unake liye 'ajA nirAse uSTrapraveza jaisI huI hai| isa taraha mAtra sApradAyika moha me liye hI pravacana ke aise aneka vyApaka sUtra bhI viparyAsa ko prApta ho gaye haiN| parantu saMpradAya kA moha itanA kImatI hai ki usakI rakSA ke liye aise aneka viparyAso kA hisAba kucha bhI nahIM ginA jAtA maiM apane mAnyatama pUrvajoM kI aisI sthiti ko hI tamastaraNa kahatA hU~ aura isI hakIkata ko sAhitya kA vikAra kahatA huuN| yahA para pAThaka spaSTarUpa se samajha sake hoge ki jainasAhitya meM vikAra hone se usakI hAni kA prathama phala to yaha zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kI nirarthaka kintu bhISaNa laDAI hai| isa sambandha meM yahAM para yadyapi adhika laMbA hone ke bhaya se isa viSaya ko maiM yahA hI khatama karanA cAhatA huuN| phira bhI itanA to mujhe avazya kaha denA paDatA he, ki yaha pUrvokta zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA kA jhagaDA paraspara sirpha muniyo kA hI thA aura hai, parantu unhone zravakoM kI kriyApaddhati meM bhI use sammizrita kara usa pavitra kriyApaddhati ko bhI lAMchita kiye binA na choddaa| aisA karane se zrAvako kI pArasparika ekatA me bhaga par3ane ke kAraNa unhe bhI apane samAna hI kalahI aura matAgrahI banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isase vartamAna zvetAmbara digambara ke mahAsamarAMgaNa kA senA patitva bhI unhI aura unakI vartamAna santAno ko hI zobhatA hai| isa viSaya ko maiM caityavAda nAmaka

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dusare marda meM vizeSa spaSTa karanA cAhatA hai, tathApi saMkSepa meM itanA batalA dene kI AvazyakatA pratIta hotI hai ki hamAre bApa dAdAoM dvArA boye huye isa vRkSa para Aja taka kitane aura kaise 2 mIThe phala pakate Aye haiN| 1. zvetAmbara saMpradAya spaSTatayA judA huye bAda vIrAt 882 veM varSa meM unameM kA vizeSa bhAga caityavAsI bana gyaa| 2. vIrAt 886 veM varSa meM unameM 'brahmadIpikA, nAmaka naye saMpradAyakA prAraMbha huaa| 3. vIrAt 1464 ve varSa meM 'vaDagaccha' kI sthApanA huii| 4. vikramAt 1139 ve varSa meM 'SaTkalyANakavAda' nAma se nayA mata pracalita huaa| 5. krimat 1204 ve varSa meM 'kharatara' saMpradAya kA janma huaa| 6. vikramAt 1213 ve varSa meM 'AMcalika' mata kA prAdurbhAva huaa| 7. vikramAt 1236 ve varSa meM 'sArdhapaurNimIyaka' mata niklaa| 8. vikramAt 1250 ve varSa meM 'Agamika' mata kA prArambha huaa| 9. vikramAt 1285 ve varSa meM 'tapAgaccha' kI nIva rakkhI gii| 10 vikramAt 1509 ve varSa meM 'laMkAmata' kA bIjAropaNa huA aura 1433 ve varSa meM usa mata kA sAdhusaMgha sthApita huaa| 11. vikramAt 1562 ve varSa meM 'kaTukamata' pracalita huaa| 12. vikramAt 1570 ve varSa meM bIjAmata pragaTa huA 13. vikramAt 1572 ve varSa meM zrIpAvacadrasUri ne apanA pakSa sthApana karane kI gujarAta ke vIramagrAma meM kamara kasI isake uparAnta isI vRkSa kI zAkhAyeM DhUMr3hiyA, terApathI, bhIkhamapathI, vidhipakSI aura tIna thaiyA vagairaha phalI phalI haiN| cautha paMcamI kA jhagar3A, adhika mAsakA jhagar3A, caturdazI aura pUrNimA kA jhagaDA, upadhAna kA jhagar3A, zrAvaka pratiSThA vidhi karA sake yA nahIM? isa bAta kA jhagar3A ityAdi anekAneka viSavele isa vRkSa para cAroM tarapha se lipaTa rahI haiN| ina jhagar3oM ko majabUta banAne ke liye ina para aneka grantha bhI likhe jA cuke haiM aura vartamAna meM bhI hamAre bujurga kulagurUoM ne usa prakAra ke grantha likha kara

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49 bhAvI prajA ko sazastra banAne kI pravRtti pracalita rakkhI hai, isa bAta ke liye unheM kitanA adhika dhanyavAda !!! ina parivartanoM ke bIca meM aise mahApurUSa bhI ho gaye haiM jinhoMne isa girate huye samAja ko bacA liyA hai aura kriyodvAra karake phira se yathAsthAna para lAne kA prabala prayatna bhI kiyA hai, evaM kaI eka aise mahAtmA bhI ho gaye haiM ki jinhoMne girate huye samAja kI ora durlakSa karake apanI sattA ko vizeSa jamAne ke liye hI prayatna sevana kiyA hai| vikrama saMvat 1302 meM kriyoddhAraka jagaccaMdrasUri ke gurUbhrAtA sukhazIla - vijayacandrasUri ne nimna likhita udghoSaNA karake apanI sattA ko acala W banAyA thaa| 1 * gItArtha vastro kI gaThaDiyAM rakha sakate haiN| "hamezaha ghI dUdha khA sakate haiN| "kapaDe dho sakate haiN| "phala tathA zAka le sakate haiN| 4. 5. "sAdhvIdvArA lAyA huA AhAra khA sakate haiM aura " zrAvamo ko Avarjita karane khuzI karane-apane pakSa me rakhane ke liye unake sAtha baiThakara pratikramaNa bhI kara sakate haiM, ityAdi (dharmasAgarajI kI zodhita paTTAvalI 45 vA~ devendrasUri kA prakAraNa ) isa taraha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke RjuprAjJa ziSyo ke AcAra jaise sukha zIla AcAroM ko aura phira eka AcArya dvArA mudrita hokara udghoSita hote AcAroM ko dekha kara kauna gItArtha ghI dUdha khAnA chor3a degA? kauna-sA gItArtha phala aura zAka na khAyagA ? kauna-sA gItArtha svayaM gaucarI jAne ke takalIpha uThAvegA aura kauna - sA gItArtha zrAvakoM kA makkhana tyAga degA? merI mAnyatAnusAra pUjya zrI jagaccadrasUri ne kriyoddhAra karake jo ugratyAga kI sthApanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA thA vijayacandra ne usa para pAnI phirAne jaisA karake nirgrantho ke vizuddha AcAro ko dhUla me milAne kA khulA prayatna kiyA thaa| aisA honA ucita hI thA, kyoMki 'vivekabhraSTAnA bhavati vinipAta. zatamukha:' isa prakArakI prAkRtika phaujadArI se kauna-sA balavAna hai jo bedAga baca sake ? isI taraha digambaroM meM bhI choTebar3e aneka patha pracalita ho gaye the ki jo Aja taka bhI *vijaya cadra sUri ne ye udghoSaNAyeM mAtra gItArthoM ke liye hI kI hai yaha paTTAvalI ke ullekha se spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai| parantu Adhunika samaya meM koI viralA hI sAdhu hogA jo pUrvokta pratyeka udghoSaNA kI tAmIla na karatA ho, athavA yaha samajhanA cAhiye ki vartamAna meM vidyamAna samasta sAdhu mAtra gItArtha hai / aisA na ho to Aja ghara ghara ke jainacArya brAhmaNoM ke banAye huye zAstravizArada, nyAyavizArada, jaina dharma bhUSaNa, upAdhyAya samAna bharamAra kahA ho? (vAha re jainiyoM ke pacama kAla tujhe dhanya hai)

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50 vidyamAna haiN| drAviDasagha, yApanIyasaMgha, kASThAsagha, mAthurasagha, bhillakasaMgha, tarApatha, bIsapatha, tAraNapatha aura bhaTTArakaprathA vgairh| pariNAma meM donoM pakSo kI bhayakara hAni huI hai aura vaha yaha ki jo AcAra cAritra ko ujjavala karake AtmA ko balavAna banAte the una kA vartamAna samaya meM donoM pakSo me sarvathA abhAva ho gayA aura dharma sirpha eka nirvAha kA sAdhana jaisA bana gayA hai| zrAvako me dhAmika vairabhAva pUrNajoza se bar3hatA jA rahI hai aura dina pratidina kalahakI sAmagriyo meM hotI huI vRddhi ko rokA nahI jA sktaa| maiM cAhatA haiM ki pUrvokta pratyeka mata kA yahA para savistara ihitAsa dU parantu likhate samaya mere pAsa utanA vakta aura utanI sAmagrI na hone se yaha bAta majhe aura kisI prasaga para choDa denI par3atI hai| merI namramAnyatAnusAra jisa samaya sAdhu caityavAsI huye usa vakta sAdhuoM ke bandhArana ko jabaradasta dhakkA pahacA hai aura vaha yahA taka ki Aja taka bhI usakA pratikAra karanA bilakula azakya ho gayA hai| caityavAsa huye bAda bahuta se mahApurUSo ne usakA pratIkAra karane ke liye anekAneka bhAgIratha prayatna bhI kiye parantu unase usa caityavAsake viSamaya asarakA samUla unmalana na hosakA, yaha bhI hamAre durbhAgya kI nizAnI hai| icchA thI ki isa caityavAsa kA vyorevAra ullekha karU parantu mujhe vivaza hokara use sakSipta karanA par3atA hai| jo pAThaka isa viSaya ko vizeSa jAnanA cAhate ho unhe mAtra eka saghapaTTakA grantha hI dekha lene kI preraNA karatA hai| isa viSaya ko likhate huye 'sabodha prakaraNa, grantha pR0 sa0 2-13-18 me zrIharibhadrasUrijI likhate hai ki "ye loga __*zrI haribhadrasarijI svaya bhI caityavAsI mapradAya ke the| uname sirpha itanA hI pharka thA ki ve sadAcArI, zAstrabhyAsI aura svihitAnasArI the usa samaya unake saMpradAya kI sthiti to Upara likhe majaba hI calI A rahI thii| vaha sthiti viparIta mAlUma hone se unheM aisA likhanA paDA hai| isIse yaha sAbita hotA hai ki ve kaTTara caityavAsI na the, parantu usa sapradAya meM se the| vartamAna yatisapradAya me bhI yaha bAta dekha paDatI hai ki usakA vizeSa hismA anAdaranIya koTikA hai tathApi alpa pramANa meM bhI usame sadAcArI aura savihitAnasArI yati vidyamAna haiN| zrI haribhadrasarijI ke viSaya meM 'zatArthI, nAmaka grantha me zrI hemacadrAcArya ke samasamayI somaprabhasarijI likhate haiM ki "haribhadrasari madhyAnha samaya da sthiti yAne dukhI yA raka logo ko bhojana dete the| somaprabhAcArya jI ne apanI zatArthI me habhidrajI ko kAmada vizeSaNa dekara uparokta artha likhA hai| kAmada zabda kI TIkA karate huye unhone isa prakAra likhA hai| kAmada? zakha vAdana parassara prAtarlokAnA svapara-zAstra-mazayacchedanarUpAn madhyAhe prativAdinA vAda vinoda rUpAzva (kAmAn) dadAti-iti (kaamd|)" zrIharibhadrajI kI vauddha sAdhao ke jaise mAtra yaha eka dAna dene ke AcAra para se me unhe caityavAsI sampradAyake kahane kI himmata karatA haiN| anyathA unake grantha Aja gaNadharo kI

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51 * caitya meM aura maTha meM rahate haiM, pUjA karane kA AraMbha karate haiM, apane liye devadravya kA upayoga karate haiM, jinamaMdira aura 1 zAlAyeM cinavAte haiM, ina me se kitane eka kahate haiM ki zrAvako ke sAmane sUkSma bAteM na kahanI cAhiyeM, muhUrta nikAla dete haiM, nimitta 2 batalAte hai aura bhabhUtI bhI DAlate haiN| ve raMgaviraMge sugandhita tathA dhUpita vastra pahanate haiM, striyoM ke samakSa gAte haiM, sAdhviyo dvArA lAye huye padArtha khAte hai, tIrthapaMDoM ke samAna adharma se dhana kA sacaya karate haiM, do tIna daphA khAte haiM, tAbUla vagairaha grahaNa karate haiM, ghI dUdha phala phUla aura sacitta pAnI kA bhI upayoga karate haiM, jainAra Adi ke prasaMga para miSTa AhAra prApta karate haiM, AhAra ke liye khuzAmada karate haiM aura pUchane para bhI satya dharma nahI btlaate| subaha sUryodaya hote hI khAte haiM, bAravAra khAte haiM, vigaiyo ko khAte haiM, loca nahI karate, zarIra se maila utArate haiM, sAdhuo kI pratimA ko vahana karate huye zaramAte haiM, jUtA rakhate haiM aura binA kAraNa bhI kamara para vastra lapeTate haiM / svaya bhraSTa hote huye bhI dUsaro ko AlocanA dete haiM, thoDIsI upadhikI bhI paDilehaNa nahI karate, zayyA, joDA vANI kI bhI bhulAte haiN| isa dAna dene kI hakIkata ko upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI ne bhI apane dvAtrizikA nAmaka grantha me yAda kI hai| isa viSaya me merA namramata hai ki jaba taka yaha zatArthIvAlA ullekha aprAmANika na sAbita ho / taba taka zodhaka vidvAna unhe caityavAsI sampradAya ke kahe to yaha ayukta na hogaa| aisA kahane meM hama unakA apamAna nahI krte| isa viSaya meM vizeSa anveSaNa karake jo tathya mAlUma degA so pragaTa karane kI icchA hai| 1 "vartamAna kAla me dharmagurU baDI 2 pAThazAlA vagairaha sasthAye sthApita karate haiM aura usake bahiaTa-prabandha kArya me bhI hastakSepa karake sasthAoM kI durdazA karate haiM yaha bAta sabake pratyakSa hI hai / yaha rivAja zAlAye cinavAne se bhI kharAba hai * zrAvako ko sUtra na par3hane dene kI bAta kA mUla isI ullekha me samAyA huA hai| apane bhakta zrAvako ko saTTA karane kI salAha dete huye, saTTA karane ke liye dUsare gAva bhejate huye aura loTarI yA saTTe me bhaktajana ko lAbha prApta ho isa liye svayaM jApa karate huye kaI eka muniyoM ko maiMne pratyakSa dekhA hai / 3 jinhe santAne na hotI ho aisI striyo para to gurUjI ke halake hAtha se vAsakSepa paDatA huA Ajakala bhI saba apanI najara se dekhate haiN| yaha vAsakSepa bhabhUtI kA bhAI hai| pAlItAnA aura ahamadAbAda jaise sAdhuoM ke akhAr3evAle sthaloM meM isa rivAja kA anubhava honA suzakya hai vartamAna kAlIna dharmagurU ina pratimAoM ko dhAraNa karate huye batalAte hai? aura aisA kahakara pUjya zrI haribhadrasUri ko apamAnita karate mAlUma hote hai| binA kAraNa kamara para vastra lapeTane kI rIti ko anAcAra kahA gayA hai, taba phira vastro kI gaThaDiyA rakhane vAle Adhunika muniyo ko zrI haribhadrasUri jI kina zabdo se vibhUSita karate?

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52 Ayudha aura tAmbe vagairaha ke pAtra rakhate haiM, snAna karate, tela lagAte aura zRgAra sajate haiM, atara phulela lagAte haiN| amuka gAva aura amuka kula merA isa taraha kA mamatva karate hai| striyoM kA prasaMga rakhate haiN| zrAvakoM se kahate haiM ki mRtakArya ke samaya jinapUjA karo aura una mRtakoM kA dhana jinadAna meM dedo| dhana ke nimitta zrAvako ke samakSa aMgAdi satra vAMcate haiM, zAlA me yA gRhasthiyoM ke ghara meM khAjA vagairaha kA pAka karAta haiN| apane hI nAcAravAle mRtaka gurUoM ke dAhasthalI para pITha cinavAte haiM bali karate haiN| unake vyAkhyAna meM striyA unake guNa gAtI haiN| mAtra striyoM ke samakSa bhI ve vyAkhyAna dete haiM aura sAdhviyAM mAtra purUSoM ke sAmane bhI vyAkhyAna detI haiN| bhikSA ke liye nahIM phirate, maMDalI meM baiThakara bhojana bhI nahIM krte| sArI rAta sote haiM, guNavAna purUSoM kI tarapha dveSabhAva rakhate haiM, krayavikrayA karate haiM, pravacana ke bahAne vikathAyeM karate haiN| celA banAne ke liye dravya dekara choTe bAlakoM ko kharIdate haiN| mugdha-bhole janoM ko Thagate haiM, jina pratimAo ko becate haiM aura kharIdate haiM, uccaTana vagairaha bhI karate haiM, vaidyaka karate haiM, yaMtra maMtra karate haiM, tAbIja gaDA karate hai| zAsana kI prabhAvanA ke bahAne laDAI jhagaDe karate haiN| savihita maniyoM ke pAsa jAte haye zrAvako ko rokate haiM, zApa dene kA bhaya batalAte haiM, dravya dekara ayogya ziSyo ko bhI kharIdate haiM, vyAja 1 yahI rIti Ajakala spaSTatayA pracalita hai| 2 upadhAnAdi para jisame ki striyA hI adhikatara hissA letI haiM, jahA hotA ho vahA ke prasaga ko isa prasaga ko sAtha milaaiye| 3 Adhunika samaya meM mRtaka ke bAda pUjA par3hAnA pUjA kI sAmagrI rakhane, snAtra par3hAne aura aThAI mahotsava karane kI jo dhamAla cala rahI hai vaha caityavAsiyo kI hI pravRtti kA pariNAma hai 4 bartamAna meM jaba kahI bhagavatI sUtra yA kalpasUtra par3hA jAtA hai taba zrAvako ko apanI jeba me hAtha DAlanA par3atA hai, yaha bAta pAThaka bhalIbhAMti jAnate hai isa rIti meM itanA sudhAra huA hai ki gurUjI khule taurase usa dravya ko nahIM lete 5 jisa prakAra vivAha me sIThane gAye jAte haiM, vaise hI upAzraya meM gurUjI ne joiye sonAnA pUThA ame kyAthI lAvIye, ityAdi madhura 'dhvani se zrAvikAyeM gurUjI kA majAka uDAtI hai, yaha rIti nindanIya hai aura yaha caityvaasiyo| kI hI prathA hai ata anAcaraNIya hai| 6 vartamAna kAla meM yaha rIti bhI kitanI eka jagaha: pravarta rahI hai| 7 nirdoSa bhikSA Adi Avazyaka kArya ke liye zrIgautama svAmI svaya pdhaarte| the, parantu Adhunika samaya ke AcArya(?) to usa kArya ke liye vicAre mugdha kSullaka muniyo ko dhakelate haiM, mAno vaha kAma majadUroM kA na ho| jahA sAdhao ke hI liya rasoDe khulate ho bihAra meM muniyoM ke liye hI gADI va rasoiyA sAtha bhejA jAtA ho vahA para phira bhikSAkI nirdoSatA kI bAta hI kyA karanI? (isI kA nAma to paMcamakAla hai?) 8-9 ye rItiyA Aja yativarga meM vidyamAna haiN| 10-11-vartamAna samaya meM ina rItiyoM kI vidyamAnatA ke liye kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoMki ye saba jagaha pracalita haiN|

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53 'lena dena kA vyApAra karate haiM, avihita anuSThAna karane se prabhAvanA hotI batalAte haiN| pravacana meM na batalAye huye tapakI prarUpaNA karake usakA upakaraNa aura dravya apane anurAgI gRhasthoM ke ghara para ikaTThA karAte haiM, pravacana sunAkara gRhasthoM se dhana kI AkAMkSA rakhate haiM, jJAna koza kI vRddhi ke liye dhana ekatrita karate aura karAte haiN| una saba meM kisI kA samudAya paraspara milApa nahIM rakhatA, saba meM paraspara visaMvAda hai| apanI 2 baDAI karake sAmAcArI kA virodha karate haiN| ve saba loga vizeSataH striyoM ko hI upadeza dete haiM, svacchanda hokara bartate haiM, dhamAla macAte haiM, apane bhakta ke sarasoM samAna guNa ko bhI meru samAna gA batalAte haiM, vizeSa upakaraNa rakhate haiM, ghara 2 jAkara dharmakathAye sunAte huye bhaTakate haiN| sabake saba ahamiMdra haiM, apanI garaja paDane para mRdu banate haiM aura garaja pUrI hone para IrSA karate haiN| gRhasthiyo kA bahumAna karate haiM, gRhastho ko sayama ke sakhA kahate haiM, cadovA aura pUThiyA kI vRddhi karate jA rahe haiM, nAMdakI Amadame bhI vRddhi kiye jA rahe haiM, gRhasthoM ke pAsa svAdhyAya karate haiM aura paraspara virodha rakhate haiM, tathA celo ke liye paraspara laDa marate haiN| anta meM likhate haiM ki "ye sAdhu nahI kintu peTa bharanevAle peTU haiM, jo yaha kahate haiM ki ve tIrthakarakA veza pahanate haiM, ata vandanIya haiM, isa liye zrIharibhadrasUrijI kahate hai ki yaha bAta dhikkAra ke pAtra hai, yaha mastaka vedanA kI pukAra kisake pAsa kI jAya ? isa prakAra zrIharibhadrasUrijI ne apane caityavAsa kI sthiti ke liye savistara ullekha karake baDI TIkA kI hai aura una sAdhuoM ko nirlaja amaryAda krUrAdi aneka vizeSaNoM se sabodhita kiyA hai| isI ibAratake sAtha milatI julatI ibArata maiMne mahAnizItha sUtra meM bhI dekhI hai, parantu use yahA ghRta karake punarukti karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isake alAvA isa viSaya ke sAtha sambandha rakhanevAlI evaM anya bhI bahutasI upayogI bAte maiMne gujarAtI bhASAntara zatapadI nAmaka grantha meM bhI vistRta vistAra vAlI par3hI haiM, sUcanA karane ke sivA una meM se maiM yahA para kucha bhI nahI likha sakatA / caityavAsiyoM ke jo AcAra Upara batalAye gaye haiM unameM se kitane eka to Aja bhI vaise hI vidyamAna hai aura kitane eka AcAro meM kucha thoDAghanA sudhAra bhI huA mAlUma detA hai| isa sambandha meM jo nIce noTa diye hai pAThako kA usa ora khAsa dhyAna khIcatA huuN| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki jo roga haDDiyoM taka meM vyApta ho gayA ho usakA zIdha unmUlana honA sahaja kAma nahIM hai, vaise hI caityavAsakA jo asara muniyo ke mUla AcAro para ho gayA hai use sahaja hI meM dUra karanA bar3A kaThina hai, tathApi jaina samAja yadi mahAtmA gAMdhIjI jaise kisI samartha purUSa ko paidA kare to yaha roga eka kSaNa bhara bhI nahIM Tika

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54 sktaa| itanA likhakara aura isameM zvetAmbara digambara se lagatA itihAsa tathA una dono pakSoM kA parimAAma meM cAritra kI kSati batalA kara meM apane prathama mudde kI carcA ko yahAM para hI samApta karake caityavAda nAmaka dUsare mudde kI ora calatA hU~ / pAThaka mahAzaya bhI isI tarapha dhyAna deMge aisI AzA rakhate huye aba maiM prastuta viSaya kA upakrama karatA huuN|

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55 caityvaad| jaise pUrvokta prakAra se sirpha phUTa paDane ke kAraNa hamArA vizuddha jinakalpa tathA sthavirakalpa naSTa ho gayA aura usakI jagaha paramparAkalpa evaM rUr3hIkalpa ne ghara kara liyA hai vaisA hI caityapUjA ke sambandho bhI haA hai| isa viSayakoM Apake sAmane rakhane se pahale mujhe caityake itihAsa se lagatA huA kitanA eka Avazyaka ullekha karanA hai| mAtra jainazabdakoza kA pramANa dekara kahA jAtA hai ki "caitya jinauka tabdimbam" (hemacandra) arthAt caitya zabda kA artha jinagRha aura jinavimba hotA hai| kozakA yaha pramANa maiM bhI mAnatA hai, parantu saskRta sAhitya meM aise zabda sakhyAbaddha haiM ki jinakA artha vAtAvaraNa ke anusAra parivartita hotA rahatA hai| hamArA carcAspada caityazabda bhI unhIM zabdo me se eka hai| jaba kabhI aitihAsiko se zabdo ke itihAsa ko pUchA jAtA hai taba ve usake vAtAvaraNajanya artha kI ora dhyAna na dekara usakI mUla utpatti, vyutpatti aura pravRtti kI tarapha lakSya karate haiN| usI prakAra yadi caitya zabda kI mUla utpatti, vyutpatti aura pravRtti kI tarapha lakSya kiyA jAya taba hI usakA asalI artha hamAre hAtha AsakatA hai| 'citA' 'citi' 'citya' aura 'cityA' ina cAra zabdo me caitya zabda kI jaDa mila sakatI hai| ina cAro zabdo kA artha eka samAna hai aura vaha 'ce' hotA hai, arthAt ceMkA sambandhI yAne usa para banA huA yA usake nimitta banA huA yA anya kisI AkAra me rahI huI usIkI sattA yAdagAra use 'caitya' kahate haiN| jisa jagaha mRtaka kA agnisaskAra kiyA jAtA hai, vahA usakI rAkhapara hI kucha nizAna banAyA jAtA hai, usI ko caitya kahate haiN| caitya zabda kA yaha mUla eva makhya artha hai aura sabase atiprAcIna artha bhI yahI hai| kadAcit yaha artha karane me merI bhUla hotI ho to tadartha pAThaka mahAzaya nimnalikhila pramANo kI ora dhyAna de- sasAra-prasiddha iMgliza vizvakoza meM (Encyclopedia) ensAikalopIDIA meM caityazabda ke liye nimna prakArase likhA hai Chaitya (Sanskirt, an adjectiye form derived from "Chita" a funeral pile)-In accordance with its etymology the word might denote originally anything connected with a funeral pile e.g the bimulus raised over the ashes of the dead person, or a tree marking the spot, Such seems to

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56 have been its earlier use in Indian literature, whether Brahamanical, Buddhist, or Jain; but as the custom of erecting monuments over the ashes or over the relics of departed saints prevailed chiefly among the Buddhists and the Jains, the word (or one of the Prakrit equivalents, Pali chaitya, etc.) is especially characteristic of their literature. In this sense it is practically synonymous with stupa, 'tope', in India (though stupa is rasker architecture and chaitya the religious, term) and has various equivalents in the countries of Asia to which the custom extended with the spread of Buddhism At a later period chaitya was used more generally to denote any shrine, reliquary or sacred tree. This is clear not only from the references in the literature, but also from the express statement in a Sanskirt dictionary of synonymous, the Viva pravasa of Mahesvara, kavi (AD_IIII), quoted by the Commentary of Mallinatha, (14th Century A.D) on Kalidas's Meghaduta, Verse 23. Encyclopedla of Rellgion and Ethics Voi 3. page 335. caitya citA zabda se niSpanna huA vizeSaNarUpa hai, yAne usakI vyutpatti ke anusAra cetyazabda kA mUla artha citA kA sambandhI hotA hai| udAharaNa ke taurapara mRtaka manuSya kI rAkhake Upara cinA huA stUpa (Tumulus ) yA usa sthAna ke cinha svarUpa me ropita kiyA huA vRkSa / isa zabda kA sabase purAnA artha bhAratIya sAhitya me, cAhe vaha sAhitya vaidika ho, bauddha ho, yA jaina ho yahI kiyA gayA dekha paDatA hai / parantu svargavAsI mahAtmAo ke avaziSTa 'asthi yA bhasmapara isa prakAra ke smAraka banAne kA rivAja mukhyatayA bauddho aura jaino meM hI pravartita hone se zabda (jisakA eka prAkRta bhASA yA pAlIkA rUpa 'cetiya ityAdi hotA hai) inhI ke sAhitya kA khAsa pArabhASika zabda hai / isa artha me vastuta bhAratavarSa me milane vAle stUpa zabda kA paryAya banatA hai / stUpa aura caitya me itanA hI pharka hai ki stUpa zabda zilpazAstra se aura caitya zabda dharmazAstra se sambandha rakhatA hai| eziyAkhaMDa me buddhadharma pasarane ke sAtha 2 hI jina 2 dezo me vaha rivAja pracalita hotA gayA tyo tyoM una dezo kI bhASA meM usa zabda ke aneka paryAya zabda utpanna hote gye| gata samaya me yaha caitya zabda vizeSa sAdhAraNarItyA kisI bhI maMdira,

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avaziSTAdhAra-bhAjana yA pavitra vRkSa ityAdi ke vAcaka ke taura para upayoga / meM liyA jAne lagA thA, yaha bAta sAhitya meM milanevAle usake ullekhoM dvArA jitanI siddha hotI hai utanI hI paryAya darzaka saMskRta kozo para se sAbita hotI hai| yaha viSaya kavi kAlidAsa racit meghadUta ke 23 veM zlokapara mallinAtha kI I0 san 14 vIM zatAbdI kI TIkA me ullikhita mahezvara kavi IsvI san 1111 ke vizvapravAsa para se bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| - (ensAikalopIDiyA oNpha rIlijIyana eNDa ethiks)| banArasa se pragaTa hotI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA meM 'devakula' viSaya ke lekha meM caityazabda ke sambandha me isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai "devapUjA kA pitapUjA se bar3A sambandha hai| devapUjA, pitRpUjA se hI calI hai| maMdira ke liye sabase purAnA nAma "caitya" hai, jisakA artha citA (dAhasthAna) para banA huA smAraka hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa me ullekha hai ki zarIra ko bhasma karake dhAtuo me hiraNyakA TukaDA milA kara una para stUpa kA cayana (cananA) kiyA jAtA thaa| baddha ke zarIra dhAtuoM ke vibhAga tathA una para sthAna 2 para stUpa banane kI kathA prasiddha hI hai| baddhoM tathA jainoM ke stUpa aura caitya pahale smAraka cinha the, phira pUjya ho gye|" (paMDita cadradhara zarmA gulerI, bI0 e0 ajamera) Agamodaya samitivAle AcArAga sUtra me isa Siya meM nIce majaba batalAyA hai- "ceiyamahesu' (pR0 328) ceiyAi (pR0 366-367) rUkkhaM vA ceiyakaDa' 'thUbha vA ceyakADa' vA (pR0 382) aura 'maDayathUbhicasu vA maDayaceiyesu vA (pR0 420) isa prakAra itanI jagaha AcArAga sUtra meM caityazabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| sUtro meM jahA kahI caityazabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai vahA para vizeSata usakA vyantarAyatana artha kiyA gayA hai| yaha vyantarAyatana aura kucha nahI kintu smazAna me, ujjaDa jagaha meM khaNDaharo me yA gRhasthoM ke rahane kI hadake kisI vibhAga me jalAye huye yA dabAye huye mRtaka zarIro para cinavAye huye cabUtare, stUpa yA kabare haiN| vizeSataH mRtako ke jalAne yA daphanAne kI jagaha me hI vyantaro kA nivAsa loka pratIta hai, ataH vaisI jagaha me cine huye cabUtare, stUpa yA kabare, jise hama caityazabda se, saMbodhita karate haiM, use vyantarAyatana-vyantara ke rahane ke sthAna kI saMjJA bhI saMghaTita hotI hai| tathA 'rUkha vA ceiyakaDathUbhaM vA ceiyakaDa, 'maDayathUbhiyAsa, 'maDayaceiesa (mRtaka caitayesa) ye sAre ullekha to usI artha ko dRr3ha karate haiM jisa artha ko hama uparokta pramANa se nirvivAda samajhate haiN| isa prakAra AcArAMga sUtra caityazabda ke uparokta pramANita artha

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58 ko hI puSTa karatA hai| isake alAvA sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAga, samavAyAMga vyAkhyAprajJapti, ( bhagavatI) jJAtA dharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRddazA, anuttaraupapAtika dazA, prazvavyAkaraNa aura vipAkazruta, ina samasta sUtroM meM bhI jahAM 2 para mAtra caityazabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai vahAM usakA vyantarAyatana hI artha kiyA gayA hai aura ina aMgo meM mAtra do cAra sthala hI aise haiM ki jahA caityazabda se 'jina caityaM' samajhA jA sakatA hai, tathA jahA para 'arihatacaitya' aisA spaSTa pATha mAlUma hotA hai, vahAM to vaha artha arihaMto kI citA para cinA huA smAraka cinha) anAyAsa siddha hI hai| (yadyapi TIkA kAroM ne jina caitya yA arihanta caitya kA artha jina pratimA yA jinamaMdira kiyA hai, so sahI hai, parantu agoM meM Aye huye caityazabda kA isa taraha artha karate huye unhoMne jo viSama bhUla kI hai use maiM aba Apake sAmane rakkhUMgA) Upara caityazabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai una saba sthAnoM kA sUtra pATha isa prakAra hai| (2) sUtra kRtAga- " (1) magala devaya ceiya pajjuvAsati" ( nAladIya adhyayana, sa0 pR0 425) aga sUtroM meM jahAM para amuka purUSa, amuka vyakti kA Adara karatA ho aisA ullekha AtA hai vahA saba jagaha yaha (magala devaya ceiya pajjuvAsati ) ullekha diyA huA hai| isakA artha yaha hotA hai ki jo upAsaka hai vaha apane upAsya kI magala ke samAna vA mAgalika rIti se aura devatA ke samAna tathA caitya ke samAna yA deva ke caitya ke samAna paryupAsanA karatA hai| arthAt jaise dharmavIra aura karmavIra purUSo ke caitya deva huye bAda unakI citA para cinAye huye smAraka paryupAsya haiM tyoM yaha upAsya bhI usa upAsaka ko paryupAsya hai| (2 - 3 ) ( " magala devaya ceiyaM pajjuvAsAmi " ) (sa0 pR0 141 aura 244) isakA bhI artha Upara batalA diyA gayA hai| ( 4 ) ( " tAsi Na x uvari cattAri, cattAri, cetitabhA xxx tesi Na cetita bhAga purato cattAri maNipeDhiAo, tAsi Na x uvari catAri cetitarUkkhA ") (sa0 229 - 230 nadIzvara vicAra ) isa ullekha me caitya 'stUpa zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isakA artha bhI uparokta prakAra se hI samajhanA cAhiye, anyathA isa zabda kA isa prakaraNa me samanvaya honA saMbhavita nahIM hai| (4) samavAyAga - (1) ("suhammAe sabhAe mANavae ceiyakkhabhe xxx vairAmaesa govaTTasamuggaesu jiNasakahAo") sa0 pR0 63 ) yahAM para upayukta

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59 kiyA huA caityastaMbha zabda bhI usI artha ko sUcita karatA hai jo caitya kA prAcIna aura pradhAna artha hai| TIkAkAra mahAzayane bhI yahA para usI mukhya artha kA anusaraNa kiyA hai ( sudharmasabhAmadhye SaSThiyojanamAno mANavako nAma caityastamo'sti tatra vajramayeSu golavad vRttA vartulAH ye samudrakA bhAjanavizeSAH teSu jinasakthIni + ++ tIrthakarANaM x asthIni prajJaptAni " ) sa0 pR0 64 ) arthAt sudharma sabhA me eka caityastabha hai, usameM vajramaya golAkAra bhAjana meM tIrthakaroM kI haDDiyA rakkhI huI batalAI hai" TIkAkArane isa stabha kI UMcAI 60 yojana batalAI hai, pAThako ko isa tarapha dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha devatAI stabha hai, maiM to use 60 yojana ke badale 60000 yojana UMcA mAnane ke liye bhI taiyAra hU~? (2) "NAyAdhammakahAsu Na NAyANaM xxx ceiAi " - sa0 pR0 116) (3) "uvAsagaisAsu NaM uvAsagANaM xxx ceiyAI' - (sa0 pR0 119) (4) x aMtagaDANa xxx ceiyAi ) - (sa0 pR0 121 ) (5) "aNuttarovavAiyANaM x ceiyAI" - sa0 pR0 122) tathA (6) duhavivAgANaM x ceiyAI, suhavivAgANaM ceiyAi" sa0 pR0 125 ) ina pAca sthAno me caitya zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / samavAyAga sUtra me eka aisA prakaraNa hai ki jisameM bAraha aMgoM meM diye huye viSayoM kI sUci dI huI hai / vahA para hI ye pUrvokta pAMcoM ullekha bhI diye haiN| una me batalAyA hai ki jJAtAdharma kathA sUtra meM jJAtoM ke caitya, upAsaka dazA sUtra me upAsako ke caitya, atakRddazA sUtra me atakRto ke caitya, anuttaropapAtikadazA sUtra me anuttaraupapAtiko ke caitya aura vipAka sUtra meM dukha vipAka vAloM ke eva sukha vipAka bAlo ke caitya batalAye hai" / ina ullekho me bhI caitya zabda kA vahI pradhAna artha citA para cinA huA smAraka hI ghaTa sakatA hai| arthAt jJAtazabda kA TIkAkAra dvArA kiyA gayA udAharaNa artha yadi mAna bhI liyA jAya to jJAto ke caityo kA artha isa prakAra hotA hai - jJAtA sUtra me jisake udAharaNa diye haiM usake caityoM kA bhI usameM varNana kiyA hai aura ve caitya citA para cine huye smAraka ke sivAya anya saMbhavita nahI hote| isI taraha upAsaka dazA sUtra meM nirUpita upAsako ke caitya, akRddazA sUtra meM varNita aMtakRta puruSo ke caitya, anuttaraupapAtika sUtra meM ullikhita anuttara vimAna gAmiyoM ke caitya aura vipAka sUtra meM darzAye huye una 2 dukhI aura sukhI purUSo ke caitya batalAye haiN| isa samasta ullekho kA samanvaya bhI jJAto ke caityo ke samAna hI ho sakatA hai aura samanvaya kA yahI prakAra tathya eva iSTa bhI hai| TIkAkArane isa ullekha ke caityazabda ko vyantarAyatana vAcI kahA hai, jo hamArI vyAkhyA ke anukUla hotA hai| (sa0 pR0 117-119-121-122-126) parantu yaha artha isa prakaraNa meM saMgata

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60 nahIM hotaa| pAThaka svayaM hI vicAra sakate haiM ki jJAtoM ke vyantarAyatana upAsakoM ke vyantarAyatana atakRtoM ke vyantarAyatana aura anuttara vimAnagAmiyoM ke vyantarAyatana, ityAdi vAkyo kA kyA artha ho sakatA hai? kucha bhI nhiiN| aisA artha karane se yahAM para TIkAkArake kiye artha kI upekSA karake hameM vahI prasiddha artha ghaTAnA cAhiye / (7) "eesi Na cauvIsAe titthagarANaM x caubbIsaM ceiya rukkhA bhavissati" (sa0 pR0 154) arthAt ye caubIsa hI tIrthakaro ke caubIsa caitya vRkSa hoNge| yahAM para niyojita kiyA huA caityavRkSa zabda bhI apane smAraka yA nizAnavAle artha ko hI sUcita karatA hai| TIkAkAra mahAzayane yahAM to isI artha kI puSTI kI hai| ve batalAte haiM ki "ceiyarukkhA buddhapITha vRkSA, yeSAmadhaH kevalAni utpannAni iti" (sa0 pR0 156 ) arthAt jina vRkSoM ke nIce pITha bAMdhA huA hai-cautarA vagairaha cinA huA hai aura jinake nIce tIrthakaro kI kevala jJAna prApta huA hai una vRkSo ko caityavRkSa kahA hai| tIrthakaro ko prApta huye kevala bodhake smAraka rUpa pIThabaddha vRkSa hI yahAM para caityavRkSa samajhane caahiye| isI prakAra sUtra kRtAga, sthAnAga aura samavAyAga sUtra ke caitya zabda se lagate huye samasta ullekha usake usI pradhAna aura prAcIna artha kA samarthana karate haiM tathA anya bhagavatI Adi ago me bhI isa viSaya me aisA hI abhiprAya pradarzita kiyA hai aura vaha isa prakAra hai (5) bhagavatI sUtra me caitya zabda kA upayoga (1) "asura kumAraraNNo x sabhAe suhammAe mANavae ceie khaMbhe vaigamaesa govaTTasamugae, bahUo jiNarAkahAo saMNikkhittao ciTThati" (ajIma pR0 877) yaha ullekha pUrvokta samavAyAga sUtra ke ullekha se milatA julatA hai aura isakA artha bhI usake hI samAna hai| yahA bhI zrI jinezvara bhagavAna kI haDDiyA vajramaya golaDabbe me bharakara caityastabha meM rakkhI huI haiN| TIkAkAra bhI caityastabha ke isa bhAva ko samarthana karate hai| ataH yahA para niyojita kiyA huA caityastabha zabda apane mUla aura purAne artha ko sUcita karatA hai, yaha bAta nivivAda hai| tathA (2) "ceiyAi va dai' (ajIma pR0 1507 1508 1509) (3) "arahataceiyANi vA" ajIma pR0 246 - 256) (4) "devaya ceiya" (ajIma pR0 151-218-877 - 1246) (5) "ceiyamahe" ajIma pR0 799) ina cAroM ullekho me bhI caityazabda ke usI bhAva kA samanvaya karanA samucita mAlUma hotA hai jo usakA mukhya aura prAcIna bhAva hai| isake uparAnta nimnalikhita sabhI sthAno me caitya zabda kA upayoga vyantarAyatana (vyantarake rahane kA sthAna) ke artha me kiyA gayA hai| (6) "guNasilae ceiye" (ajIma pR0 5-148 - 182-191-192-409-511-514-622-1305

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61 1381-1404-1414) (7) "chattapalAsa. ceiye" (pR0 153-164 ) (8) "puphphabaIe ceiye" pR0 182-186-189-190-192-836) (9) "naMdaNe ceie" (pR0 211 - 225) (10) puNaNabhade ceie" ( pR0 309838-842-1124-1127) (11) "mANibhade ceie" (pR ( 713) (12) "dRipalAse ceie" (pR( 738- 870-934 - 1422) (13) "bahusAlae ceie" ( pR0 787-788-793-796-80-802-804-831-834837) (14) "koTTae ceie" (pR0 838-842-977-978-12001233-1236-1250-1253 - 1265) (15) "sakhavaNe ceie" (pR0 970-974) (16) "caMdottarAyaNe ceie" ( pR0 987 ) ( 17 ) "maMDikucisi ceie" (pR0 1242) (18) "caMdoyaraNasi ceie" ( pR0 1242) (19) "kaeNDiyAyaNasi ceie" ( pR0 1243) (20) "sAlakoTThayae ceie" (pR0 1265-1266-1268- 1270) (21) "egajabue ceie" (50 1310 1313) bhagavatI sUtra me saba jagaha diye huye pUrvokta caitya zabda kA artha TIkAkAra ne bhI vyantarAyatana hI samajane kA Agraha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki "citebhAMva. karma vA caityam tacceha vyantarAyatanam natu bhagavatA marhatAmAyatanam " ( pR0 5) prasiddha kozakAra zrI hemacandra sUrijI likhate hai ki "citi - cityA citAstulyA " ( mArtyakANDa 39) citi cityA aura citA, ye tIno hI zabda samAnArthaka haiM, aura ina tInoM kA artha 'ce' hotA hai| Upara batalAye huye TIkA ke ullekha me TIkAkArane isa citi zabda hIupayoga kiyA hai aura aisA karake yahAM to 'catya' zabda kI utpatti, vyutpatti, pravRtti aura artha saba kucha prAcIna aura pradhAna batalAyA hai| arthAt isa ullekha ne catya ke pradhAna eva yaugika artha ko hI dRr3ha kiyA hai aura caitya zabda ko loka pravAha se mukta karake svataMtra kara diyA hai| yaha bAta to maiM prathama hI sUcita kara cukA hU~ ki jJAtAdharma kathA sUtra evaM anya agasUtro me bhI jahA 2 para caitya zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai vahAM prAya vizeSata usakA vyantarAyatana artha kiyA hai| una sUtro me jina 2 sthAno me vaha zabda niyojita kiyA gayA hai ve sthAna nIce mujaba haiN| (6) jJAtAdharma kathA sUtra - (1) "puNNabhadde ceie" ( samiti pR0 3-7-193-222-252) (2) "guNasalae ceie" ( samiti pR0 1139-46-55-71-78-241-246-251) (3) "aMbasAlabaNe ceie" ( samiti pR0 248 ) (4) "koTThae ceie" ( samiti pR0 251) (5)

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"kAmamahAbaNe ceie" samiti pR0 251) aura 6 "devayaM ceiyaM pajjuvAsavANijje" (samiti pR0 245) / (7) upAzakadazA sUtra (1) "puNNabhadde ceie" (samiti pR0 1-19)(2) "daipalAsae ceie" (samiti 101-13-18)(3) "koTThae ceie" (samiti pR0 31-34-53) (4) "guNasale ceie" (samiti pR0 48) isa sAtaveM agasUtra me uparokta cAroM ullekhoM meM niyojita kiyA huA catyazabda vyantarAyatana ko sUcita karatA hai aura inake bAda ke do ullekho meM usa zabda kA anukrama se sAdhAraNa caitya aura arihaMta caitya artha hai| ve ullekha ye haiM, 'devayaM ceiya, (samiti pR040)(6) "arihaM ceyANi vA, (samiti pR0 12) arthAt isa aMga kA eka bhI ullekha cetya zabda ke mukhya aura prAcIna artha kA ' vyabhicaraNa nahIM krtaa| (8) aMtakRddazA sUtra me (1) "puNNabhadde cetie bhAMDArakara insTIcyUTa li0 1079 10 1-16-18 (2) "gaNasilate cetite' pR0 13-14-16-) (3) "kAmamahAvaNe cetie" (pR0 16) ye ullekha bhI vyantarAyatana ke artha ko samarthana karate haiN| (9) anuttaraupapAtikadazA (1) "guNasilae cetie" (bhADA li0 120 pR0 27-29) yaha lekha bhI isa prakAra kA hai| (10) prazvavyAkaraNa sUtra me (1) "puNNabhadde ceie" (samiti pR0 1)(2) "bhavaNa-ghara-saraNa-leNa-AvaNa-cetiya devakula-cittasabhA-pavA-AyataNaAvasaha-bhUmighara maDavANa ya kae" (samiti 193) isa prakAraNa meM jina 2 nimitto se hisA hotI hai una sabakA nAma nirdeza kiyA huA hai, usameM anyanAmo ke sAtha 2 caitya kA bhI ullekha kiyA huA hai aura sAtha hI devakula kA ullekha.hone se isa jagaha kA caityazabda citA para cine huye smAraka ko hI sUcita karatA hai| taduparAnta (2) "cetiyANi" (samiti 10 93 aura (3) "tabassikala-guNa-sagha-ceiya?" (samiti pR0 112) isa prakAra ke bhI do ullekha milate haiN| ina me pahale ullekha me caityo ko dekoM ke parigraha svarUpa sUcita kiyA hai| svarga me bhI zrI jinabhagavAna kI asthiyA pahaca gaI hai? yAne vahA para unake smAraka caitya kA honA sabhava hai| dasarA ullekha caitya kI rakSA karanA batalAyA hai| isa prakAra ye dono ullekha kisI dharmavIra ke smAraka cinha sivA kisI anya artha ko sUcita nahI kara skte| (11) vipAkasUtra me (1) (puNNabhadde ceie pR0 1)(2) "guNasilAeceie" (pR0 103) ina dono ullekho kA caityazabda bhI usI vyantarAyatana ko

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dyotita karatA hai jisake viSaya meM pahale bahata kacha likhA jA cakA hai| majhe yaha mAlUma nahIM hotA ki pUrvokta prakAra se myAraha ago meM upayukta kiyA huA caityazabda apane prAcIna evaM pradhAna artha ko prakAzita karane me jarA bhI pIche haTatA ho yA usakA vaha artha kahIM bhI asagata hotA ho| bhArata ke prAcIna vAstuzAstrI zrI varAhamihirane apanI vRhatsaMhitA ke vAstuvidyA nAmaka 25 veM adhyAya meM likhA hai ki "catye bhaya praha kRtam, grahA bhUtAni" pR0687) arthAt yadi koI gRhastha caitya ke pAsa apanA ghara banavAyeM to use bhautika bhaya hone kA saMbhava hai| isase yaha bAta vizeSa dRr3ha hotI hai ki caityakI jagaha me bhUto kA vAsa honA sabhavita hai aura isa para se usakA sAmIpyajanya sUtro meM jagaha 2 jo vyantarAyatana nAma batalAyA hai usakI yaktatA me vivAda mAlUma nahI detA, eva caityazabda meM prAcIna tathA pradhAna artha ko- citApara cine huye smAraka stUparUpa artha ko bhI kucha bAdhA nahI phuctii| aba maiM caitya ke prAcIna artha ko hI daDha banAne ke liye kitaneka prasiddha 2 kozo ke pramANa detA haiM- pAlI bhASA ke suprasiddha koza me caitya zabda ke sambandha me likhA hai - Chaityam- A religious Building or shrine, a temple, a thupa or Raddhist relic Shrine, a sacred tree, tomb (caitya) Dictionary of THE PALI LANGUAGE BY CHILDERS P 102 6 caitya jinauka, tadvimbam, likhane vAle zrIhemacadra sUrijI bhI caitya zabda ke viSaya me likhate hai ki 'citya matakacaitye syAt' (anekArthaka dvisvara0 366) isa ullekha me unhone mRtaka caitya zabda grahaNa karake caitya zabda ke usI artha kA upayoga kiyA hai jo usakA prAcIna aura pradhAnArtha hai| 7'vAcaspatyabhidhAna nAmaka vizAlakAya koza me isa zabda ke sambandha me nimna prakAra se likhA hai "caitya na0 cityAyA idam + aN, 'setu valmIka-nimnAsthi caityAdyairUpalakSitA' (yAjJavalkya smRti)| 8'zabdakalpadruma nAmaka prasiddha koza me caitya zabda ke viSaya me nimna ullekha upalabdha hotA hai 'caitya na0 pR0 cityasya idam' 'yatra yUpA maNimayAtraityAzcApi hiraNmayAH' (mhaabhaart)| '63

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9 'baMgalAbhASA abhidhAna, nAmaka baMgAlI koza meM caitya zabda kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai "caitya (cata) smRtistaMbha, citAzmazAna + ya (idamarthe yat) pu0 rakhvA (rAkha) kiMvA zmazAna pArzvastha boddhagaNera-gaNavA pUjyavRkSa, zmazAnatarU, citA smbndhiiy| isa prakAra caitya zabda kA maiMne jo artha sAbita karake batalAyA hai maiM anumAna karatA hU~ ki usameM pAThakoM ko aba kisI taraha kA saMzaya, viparya yA prama rahane kA avakAza nahIM rhtaa| jaina sUtroM ne aura anyAnya prAmANika zabdakozoM ne bhI isI artha ko pradhAna bhAva se svIkRta kiyA hai| abhI taka bhI mere zraddhAlu jainIbhAI isa sambandha meM isa taraha kA sazaya kara sakate haiM ki jainadharma meM isa prakAra ke stUpa karane kA rivAja zraddhA vivecaka dRSTi ke samakSa saMzaya karatI hI rahatI hai aura vaha vivecaka dRSTi dhIre 2 usake sazayo ko chedatI jAtI hai| lIjiye maiM vaise pramANa dene ko bhI taiyAra hU~ aura tadartha eka se adhika pramANa, so bhI Apake mAnya sUtragrantho ke ullekha Apake sAmane rakhatA hU~ jabadvIpaprajJati (ajIma pR0 140-147) "naeNa se sakke devide devarAyA +++ bhavaNabai-bANamatara-joisa vemANie deve eva vayAsI+tao ciigAo raeha x titthagaraciigAe, gaNaharaciigAe aNagArgacaigAe agaNikAya viuvvaha x khIrodageNa NivvAveha x tae Na makke bhagavao x dAhiNa sakaha geNhaI" (ityAdi) "taeNa se sakke x vemANie deve jahAriya eva viyAsI x bho devA ppiyA ! savvarayaNAmaye mahae mahAlaye, tao ceiyathabhe karaha-ega bhagavao titthagara ssa ciigAe, ega gaNaharaciigAe, ega avasesANa aNagArANa ciigAe x tae Na te x kareMti x tae Na jeNeva sAiM sAi bhavaNANi, x sagA sagA mANavagA ceiyakkhabhA, teNeva x ubAgacchittA vairAmaesa golasamuggaesu jiNasakahAo pakkhivaMti" isa ullekha me zrIjinabhagavAnoM ke nirvANa prasaga kA varNana kiyA hai| usameM batalAyA hai ki "devendr| devarAja zakra ne devatAo se kahA ki tIna 1 mUtrakAra aura TIkAkAro kA aisA khyAla hai ki mahAvIrabhagavAna kI pratyeka kriyA pradhAnatayA devo dvArA karAI jAya to unakI vizeSa baDAI ho, isI dhAraNA se unhone bhagavAna mahAvIra kI haDDiyA taka bhI svarga me pahucA dii| bhaktiAveza janya ima khyAla kA Aja yaha bhISaNa pariNAma upasthita huA hai ki vartamAna kAla ke manuSya, mAnavajAti meM utpanna huye zrI mahAvIra jaise samartha vyakti ko bhI nahI pahacAna skte| mai pratyakSa dekha rahA haiM ki kisI svargavAsI manuSya bhale hI zrI mahAvIra ko pahacAnA ho, parantu hame to unakI asalI pahacAna karAne kA kisI ne prayatna hI nahIM kiyaa|

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citikA ce banAo, eka tIrthaMkara kI, dUsarI gaNadharoM kI aura tIsarI saba sAdhaoM kii| usameM agni pragaTa karo aura bAda me jale se ThaDI kro| phira una zakAdi devo ne yathocita rItyA usa pavitra bhasma me se zrIjinbhagavAnoM kI asthiyAM cuna lI (ityAdi) isake bAda zakrendra ne AryarItyanusAra devatAo se kahA ki he devo ! tuma bar3e se bar3e ratnamaya tIna stUpa raco, eka tIrthakara kI citA para dUsarA gaNadharo kI citA para aura tIsarA sAdhuo kI citA para ! devoM ne zaka kI AjJAnusAra vahA~ para tIna stUpa banAye aura phira ve deva apane 2 sthAna para cale gye| apane sthAno me jAkara una asthiyo ko gola Dabbe meM rakhakara unhone ve gola Dabbe apane 2 caityastabha me rkkhe'| TIkAkAra bhI isI abhiprAya kA samarthana karate hai| tatazcitikAnirvApaNadana bhagavatastIrthakarasya xx sakthi zakro grahAti xvidyAdharAzcitAbhasmazeSAmiva gRhanti x bhasmAni gRhIte akhAtAyAmeva gatAyA jAtAyA mA bhUt tatra pAmarajanakRtAzAtanAprasaMgaH, sAtatyena tIrthapravRttizca syAditi stUpavidhimAha trIn caitya stUpAna kurUta citAtrayakSitiSu ityartha " (ajIma0 pR0 140-147) jo bhAva uparyukta mUla pATha me batalAyA hai usI bhAva kA akSarAnuvAda TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai| itanA vizeSa darzAyA hai ki bhagavAna ke dAhasthAna kI AzAtanA na ho aura nirantara tIrthapravRti ho isI kAraNa citAsthAna para caityastUpa banAye jAte hai| isa prakAra TIkAkAra ne caitya zabda ke pradhAnArtha kI pUjyatA bhI batalAI hai| isI taraha kA eka dUsarA ullekha jJAtAaga sUtra kI TIkA jo samiti dvArA chapI hai pR0 155 me milatA hai, use pAThaka svaya dekha le| aba to pAThako kA mana ThaDA ho gayA hogA, caitya zabda ke pradhAna artha ke viSaya me eva jainI padvati ke sambandha me bhI pUrvokta aneka pramANo dvArA usakI asalIyata ko pAThaka bhalI bhA~ti samajha gaye hoge| aba maiM Apako yaha bAta bhI spaSTatayA kaha denA cAhatA hU~ ki isa caitya zabda ke pradhAnArtha me hI mUrtipUjA kI jaDa samAI huI hai| mUrti kA mUla itihAsa caitya se hI prArabha hotA hai aura mUrti kA prathama AkAra bhI caitya hI hai| vartamAna samaya me jo mUrtiyA dekha paDatI hai vaha utkrAnti kI dRSTi se vikAza ko prApta huI eka prakAra kI zilpa kalA kA namUnA hai| jo mUrtiyA zvetAmbara jainiyoM ke adhikAra meM haiM unakA saundarya aura zilpa unhone banAvaTI tilaka va cakSu-AMkhe lagAkara tathA isI prakAra ke anya ziSTa asaMgata aura azAstrIya aura azAstrIya AcaraNoM dvArA naSTa bhraSTa kara DAlA hai| tathApi ve mUrtipUjakatA kA dAvA karate haiM, maiM ise dharmadaMbha aura DhoMga samajhatA huuN| apane pUjya deva kI mUrti ko putalI ke samAna apanI icchAnusAra nAca nacAte huye bhI 65

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usakI pUjakatA kA saubhAgya isI samAja ne prApta kiyA hai? apane isa samAja kI aisI sthiti dekhakara mUrtipUjaka ke taura para mujhe bhI bar3A duHkha hotA hai| maiM pahale eka pramANa meM yaha batalA cukA hU~ ki hamAre pUrvajoM ne caityoM ko pUjane ke liye nahI balki usa marane vAle mahApurUSoM kI yAdagAra ke taura tara nirmANa kiye the / parantu bAda me unakI pUjA prAraMbha ho gaI thI aura vaha Aja taka calI A rahI hai| jo manuSya padArtha ke vikAza krama ke itihAsa ko samajha sakatA hai vahI pUrvokta viSaya ko sahaja meM samajha sakegA / parantu jisake mana meM vartamAna dharma, usake vartamAna niyama aura usame pUrvApara se ghusI huI kitanI eka asagata rUr3hiyAM evaM vartamAna mUrtipUjA vagairaha anAdi kAlIna bhAsita hotA hogA, rAjA bharata ke samaya kA pratIta hotA hogA use to maiM zAstra par3hane kA nivedana karane ke sivA anya kucha nahI samajhA sktaa| Apa isa bAta ko bhalI prakAra jAnate haiM ki baDhakA bIja kitanA sUkSma aura halakA hotA hai, parantu samaya pAkara aneka prakAra ke anukUla saMyoga milane se vahI bIja aisA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai ki jisakI kalpanA karanA bhI hame kaThina pratIta hotA hai / pahADoM se nikalane vAlI nadiyeM choTe se zrota ke rUpa me janma letI haiM, parantu jyo 2 ve apane janmasthAna se adhika dUrI para AtI jAtI hai| tyo 2 adhikAdhika baDhatI haI bhayAnaka pravAha vAle rUpa ko dhAraNa kara letI hai, isI taraha hara eka paddhati jisakA prAraMbha bilakula sAdA aura amuka hetu para avalambita hotA hai vaha samaya pAkara itanA baDA aura vicitra rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai ki jisase hame usakI prAraMbhika sthiti ko samajhanA yA samajhAnA bar3A kaThina mAlUma hotA hai| jo caitya yAdagIrI ke liye banAye gaye the samaya pAkara ve pUje jAne lage, unameM caraNa pAdukAyeM deva kulikAye hone lagI, uname caraNa pAdukAyeM sthApita hone lagIM aura bAda meM bhaktajano kI hoza se bhakti Aveza se unhI sthAno meM baDe 2 devAlaya evaM baDI 2 pratimAye bhI virAjita hone lagI / yaha sthiti itane mAtra se hI na aTakI, parantu aba to gAva gAva me aura gAva me bhI muhalle muhalle meM vaise aneka devAlaya bana gaye hai eva banate jA rahe haiN| aisA hone se merI samajha ke anusAra - 'atiparicayAd avajJA' ho rahI hai, kyoMki aba to jahA~ para devAlaya banAyA jAtA hai, devAlaya banAne vAlA bhakta koI viralA hI vahA~ ke sthAna saundarya yA vAtAvaraNa saundarya kI ora dhyAna detA hai, isa bAta kI tarapha lakSya hI nahI diyA jAtA / baDe : zaharoM meM maiMne aise bhI devAlaya dekhe haiM jo ghanI vasti ke bIca azAnta pradeza me upasthita hai aura jinake sAmane hI bhaktajanoM ke saMDAsa - TaTTiyAM eva pezAbaghara suzobhita ho rahe haiN| bambaI meM zrI goDIpArzvanAtha jI ke maMdira ke pIche bilakula lagate huye hamAre gautamAvatAroM ke? saDAsa aura pezAba ke 66

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sthAna maiMne svaya apanI Akho se dekhe haiN| jisa jagaha meM khar3A hone se bhI nirogI manuSya kA Arogya kharAba hotA ho vaisI jagahoM meM maMdira banavA kara jina bhakti karane vAloM kA yaha sAhasa sarvathA avarNanIya hai| isa prakAra kI jina bhakti to indro ko bhI nasIba na huI hogI!! jina pAThakoM ko caityoM ke prAcIna AkAra dekhane ho unheM bambaI ke samIpastha kArlA tathA borIvalI kI gaphAye dekha lene kI jarUrata hai| jyo 2 caitya ke AkAra badalate gaye tyo 2 usake artha bhI badalate gye| prArabhika caitya zabda anvartha yA aura Ajakala kA caitya zabda rUDha hai, kyoki use apanA mUla artha choDakara logoM kI icchAnusAra calanA par3atA hai| isake sivA sAhitya me anya bhI kaI zabda bar3ha gaye hai jo mala me anvartha the aura bAda me rUr3hI ke vaza ho gaye hai| caitya zabda kA prArabhika artha citA para cinA huvA smAraka cinha thaa| jaba usa jagaha me usa smAraka ko kAyama rakhane ke liye yA pahacAna karAne ke liye pASANakhaNDa yA zilAlekha rakkhA jAtA thA taba caitya kA artha pASANakhaNDa yA zilAlekhara bhI hvaa| jaba usasmAraka cinha ke badale yA usake Upara kisI vRkSa ko ropita kiyA jAtA usa vakta caitya kA artha vRkSa-caitya vRkSa huvA, jaba usa smAraka cinha ke pAsa yajJAdi pavitra kriyAye kI jAtI thI usa samaya caitya kA artha yajJasthAna meM bhI haA hai (dekho mamitivAlA aupapAtikasUtra kI TIkA meM caitya kA varNana tathA amarakoza vAlA caitya zabda) jaba usa smAraka cinha ko devakulikA ke AkAra me banAyA jAtA thA usa vakta caitya kA artha devalikA (deharI) haA. jisa samaya usa jagaha cinI huI devakalikA me pAdukAye padharAI jAne lagI usa samaya caitya kA artha pAdukA sahita devalI yA mAtra pAdukA huaa| jaba usa jagaha bhavya madira cinA jAne lagA aura usame mUrtiyA padharAI jAne lagI taba caitya kA artha devAlaya yA mUrti kiyA gyaa| abhI taka caitya zabda anvartha rhaa| parantu jaba citAdAha ke sivA sthAnAntaro me devAlaya cine gaye yA uname mUrtiyA sthApita kI gaI taba vaha rUr3ha havA, Dintha, ke samAna sajJA zabda bana gayA aura Arabha me mAtra madRzya se eva Ajakala kevala laukika saketa me caitya artha madira yA marti ho gayA hai| isa prakAra paristhiti ke anusAra caitya zabda ke aneka artha parivartita hue hai, una sabakA milAna karane para mAdhAraNata usake sAta artha hote hai aura ve isa prakAra haiN| 1 caitya-citA para cinA huvA smAraka cinha, citA kI raakh| 2 citA Upara kA pASANakhaNDa, DalA yA shilaalekh| 3 citA para kA pIpala yA tulasI Adi kA pavitra vRkss| (dekho, meghadUta, pUrvamegha zloka 23) / 4 citA 67

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para cine huye smAraka ke pAsa kA yajJasthAna vA homkunndd| 5citA ke Upara deharI ke AkAra kA cinavA, stUpa, sAdharaNa dehrii| 6 citA para kI pAdakA vAlI deharI yA crnnpaadkaa| 7 citA para kA devAlaya yA vizAlakAya muurti| ina sAto meM caitya ke pahale pA~ca artha usa kI vyutpatti ko suzobhita karate hai aura anta ke do rUr3hIjanya artha caitya kI vyutpatti se bar3I dUra rahate haiN| arthAt ve lAkSaNika aura rUr3ha haiM eva zabdAnugAmI na hone ke kAraNa ve artha nirarthaka jaise haiN| jahA~ taka maiM samajhatA hai vahA~ taka eka 2 artha kA sarva vyApI pracAra hote huye aura eka 2 artha kA sarva vyApI vinAza hote huye kama se kama sau 2 yA do 2 sau varSa to avazya bIte hoge| caitya zabda kA pracalita devAlaya yA mUrti artha chaThA aura sAtavA~ hone se vaha bilakala antima Adhunika hai yaha bAta hama Upara diye huye pramANoM se acchI taraha samajha sake haiN| isase AcArya shrii| haribhadrajI ke ullekha yA AcArya zrIhemacadrajI ke 2 koza ke AdhAra se caitya zabda kA antima anta nahI A sktaa| ve to apane samaya ke pracalita artha ko hI apane grantho me likha sakate haiN| isase merA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki unakA batalAyA huA artha asatya hai| mujhe to anya artho ke samAna vaha artha bhI mAnya hai, parantu isa viSaya me mujhe itanA hI kahanA hai ki pracalita devAlaya yA mUrti yaha koI caitya zabda kA pradhAnArtha yA 1 'ceiyaddo rUr3ho 'jiNidapaDima' ti atthao diTTho' (sabodha prakaraNa, devasvarUpa, zloka 328 pR092) arthAt caitya zabda kA jinendra pratimA rUDha artha hai| haribhadra rijI ne apane lalita vistarA nAmaka grantha me (pR076-77) caitya zabda kI vyutpatti karate huye batalAyA hai ki cittam-anta karaNam, tasya bhAvara karma vA (varNadRDhAdilakSaNe pyani kRte) caitya bhavati" parantu isa prakAra kI vyutpatti zabda zAstra kI dRSTi se ghaTa nahI sakatI, kyoki caitya zabda me Dabala ta sabhavita nahI hotA (ve svaya bhI to caitya bhavati kA ullekha karate huye eka ta vAlA hI caitya zabda likhate haiM) aura ima haribhadrIya vyatpatti ke anusAra to do ta vAlA arthAt caitya zabda banatA hai| yadi caitya zabda ko do tta vAlA mAna bhI liyA jAya to phira hemacandra jI ke 'tyA'caitye' 8-2-13 sUtra me usakA varjana sabhavita nahI hotA, kyoki vaha sUtra eka ta vAle tya kA hI 'ca karatA hai isa kaarnn| 2 caitya jinauka tadvimbam caitya ke dvittatakAra ko ca kI prApti hI nahI hai, ata hemacandra jI kI sAkSI se citta parase caitya, kI sAdhanA yogya nahIM hai, tathA kisI koza meM bhI isa taraha kI vyatpatti dekhane me nahI aatii| phira khUbI isa bAta kI hai ki isa vyutpatti kA artha bhI to pracalita artha meM saghaTita nahI hotaa| kitaneka to 'cittam AhlAdayati tat caitya? isa taraha kI vyutpatti karake vyutpatti ke anukUla artha lete haiM, parantu citta zabda se caitya zabda bana hI nahIM sakatAyaha bAta to abhI sAbita ho cukI hai| zrI abhayadevasUrijI ne eva jabadvIpa prajJati ke TIkAkAra ne kitanIeka jagaha (dekho-samiti sthAnAgasUtra kI TIkA0 pR0 232, aura jabUdvIpa prajati kI TIkA0 pR0140-147) aisI vyutpatti karake zabdazAstra kI virAdhanA kI hai|

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mUla prAcIna artha nahIM hai, itanA hI nahIM balki ye donoM artha bilakula pIche ke aura rUr3hi se kiye huye haiN| sUtroM kI TIkA karane vAlo ne bhI sUtroM meM Aye huye caitya zabda kI vyutpatti (citerbhAvaH karmavA) to yathArtha batalAI hai, parantu jahA~ para 'arihaMta ceiyAi, yA kevala 'ceiyAI' AtA hai vahA~ unhoMne usakI vyutpatti janya vAstavika aura pradhAna artha na karake mAtra apane samaya kI loka rUr3hI kA anusaraNa kiyA ho aisA mAlUma hotA hai| aisA hone se caitya ke chaThe evaM sAtave artha ko batalA kara hI unhoMne rAstA pakar3A hai| unhoMne caitya kA artha karate huye bahuta sI jagaha batalAyA hai ki " saMjJAzadvatvAt devavimbam, tadAzrayatvAt tadgRhamapi caityaM, bhagavatI sUtra ajIma0 pR0 5 rAyapaseNIsUtra ajIma0 pR0 4) arthAt caitya zabda saMjJA zabda hai isase usakA artha vyutpatti ke anusAra na karake rUr3hI ke anusAra lenA cAhiye aura vaha devabamba yA devagRha hai| TIkAkAro ke isa ullekha se pAThaka samajha sakate haiM ki unakA kiyA huA artha paraparAgata unake samaya kA rUr3ha artha hai| isa taraha artha karane kA prakAra bhI eka prakAra kA sAhitya vikAra hI hai aura vartamAna samaya meM pracalita mUrtivAda ke nAma para car3hA huvA kalaha bhI isa vikAra kA hI pariNAma ho yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA haiN| merI mAnyatA hai ki kisI bhI TIkAkAra ko TIkA karate samaya mUla ke Azaya ko mUla ke samaya ke vAtAvaraNa ko hI dhyAna me lekara spaSTa karanA caahiye| isa prakAra kI TIkA karane vAlA hI saccA TIkAkAra ho sakatA hai, parantu mUla kA artha spaSTa karate vakta maulika samaya ke vAtAvaraNa kA khyAla na karake yadi paristhitikA hI anusaraNa kiyA jAya to vaha mUla kI TIkA nahI kintu mUla kA mUsala jaisA ho jAtA hai| maiMne sUtroM kI TIkA kI acchI taraha adhyayana kiyA hai, parantu usameM . mujhe bahuta sI jagaha mUlakA mUsala kiye sadRza pratIta hotA he aura isase mujhe baDA dukha prApta huA hai| yahA~ para isa viSaya me vizeSa likhanA aprastuta hai, tathApi samaya Ane para 'satra aura unakI TIkA' isa sambandha me byorevAra ullekha karane ke apane kartavya ko kadApi na bhuuluuNgaa| phira bhI Upara batalAye huye zrI zIlAgara dvArA kiye huye AcArAgasUtra ke kitaneka pATho ke ulaTa palaTa arthoM para se aura isa caitya zabda ke artha se Apa svaya dekha sake hoge ki TIkAkAra ne artha karane me apane samaya ko hI sAmane rakhakara kitanA adhika jokhama uThAyA hai| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki yadi TIkAkAra mahAzayo ne mUla kA artha mUla ke samayAnusAra hI kiyA hotA to jaina zAsana me jo Ajakala matAntara dekha paDate haiM ve bahuta kama pramANa me hote aura dharma ke nAma se aisA amAvasyA kA andhakAra kama vyApta hotA / kleza me sarvatra Agraha hI rAjA hotA hai aura isI kAraNa Aja sAhitya ke mUlasatya dhUla me mila gaye haiM, 69

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milate jA rahe haiN| parantu kisakI tAkata haiM ki sAhitya vikAra ko roka kara mUla ko vAstavika rUpa meM kAyama rakha sake ? hA !!! maiM bhUlatA hU~ ki mUla to sadA dhUla meM hI rahatA hai, ataH vaha bilakula gala sar3a jAne ke hI yogya hai aura usameM se prakRti devI sundara vRkSa ko janma detI hai| vaise hI hamAre sadbhAgya se kisI sundara vRkSa kI utpatti ke liye hI hamAre jIte jAgate mUla jar3eM sar3a rahI hoM to yaha saMbhavita aura sughaTita hai| isa dUsare mudde kI carcA se Apake dhyAna meM yaha bAta A gaI hogI ki caitya aura usake prAcIna evaM pradhAnArthakA svarUpa kyA hai ? usameM paristhiti ke anusAra jo 2 parivartana hue haiM aura anta meM usase jo vikAra paidA huA hai vaha bhI ApakI samajha meM A gayA hogaa| itane se bhI yadi Apa sAhityavikArajanya apane mUrtipUjA ke anAdi vAdake ekAnta ko kucha DhIlA kareMge aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anekAnta mArga para dRSTi rakha kara amUrtipUjakoM ke sAtha premakA vartAva kareMge to maiM apane isa nibandha ke liye kiye huye jAgaraNoM ko bhI saphala ginane kI ucita kAmanA kruuNgaa|

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devadravyavAda / merA tIsarA muddA devadravyavAda nAmaka hai, aba maiM usakA vyorevAra prAraMbha karatA huuN| caitya vAda ke sAtha yaha viSaya ghaniSTa sambandha rakhatA hai isI kAraNa maiMne catyavAda para prathama carcA kI hai aura usake bAda tranta hI isa para vicAra karanA ucita samajhA hai| jo yaha mAnate haiM ki jahA mUrti ho vahAM devadravya bhI avazya honA cAhiye, merI mAnyatA se unakA yaha mata ayukta hai, tathApi kucha dera ke liye hama use mAna bhI leM to jina kAraNoM se devadravya kI avihitatA aura arvAcIna kalpanA sAbita ho sakatI hai ve kAraNa ye haiM- uparokta caityavAda kI carcA se yaha bAta to Apa bhalI prakAra jAna sake haiM ki mUrtivAda caityavAda ke bAda kA hai yAne use caityavAda jitanA prAcIna mAnane ke liye hamAre pAsa eka bhI aisA majabUta pramANa nahIM hai jo zAstrIya sUtravidhi niSpanna yA etihAsika ho / yoM to hama aura hamAre kulAcArya bhI mUrtivAda ko anAdi kA ThaharAne tathA mahAvIra bhASita batalAne kI bigula bajAne ke samAna bAte kiyA karate haiM parantu jaba una bAto ko siddha karane ke liye koI etihAsika pramANa yA aMgasUtra kA vidhivAkya mAMgA jAtA hai taba hama bagaleM jhAkane lagate haiM aura apanI pravAhabAhI paramparA kI DhAla ko Age kara apane bacAva ke liye bujurgoM ko sAmane rakhate haiN| maiMne bahuta hI koziza kI tathApi paramparA aura bAbA vAkyaM pramANaM, ke sivA mUrtivAda ko sthApita karane ke sambandha meM mujhe eka bhI pramANa yA vidhAna nahIM milaa| vartamAna samaya meM mUrtipUjA ke samarthana meM kitanI eka cAraNamuni, draupadI, mUryAbhadeva aura vijaya deva kI kathAye bhI Age lAI jAtI haiM, kintu pAThakoM ko yaha bAta khAsa dhyAna me rakhanI cAhiye, ki vidhigranthoM meM batalAyA jAnevAlA vidhi, AcAragrantho me batalAyA jAnevAlA AcAravidhAna khAsa zabdo me hI batalAyA jAtA hai, parantu kisI kI kathAo me se yA kisI kA AdhAra lekara amuka 2 vidhAna yA AcAra paidA nahIM kiyA jaataa| eka kathA me usake nAyaka ne jo amuka prakAra kA AcAraNa kiyA ho vaha sabake liye vidheya yA siddhAntarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| una labdhidhArI muniyo ne yA anya kisI pAtroM ne caityo ko vandana kiyA vA jina ghara meM jAkara pUjA kI isase hama isa prakAra kA sarvasAdhAraNa siddhAnta ghaDale ki usa samaya ke samasta manuSya usa taraha kA AcaraNa karate the, yaha sarvathA asaMgata hai| thor3e 71

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se vyaktiyoM kA AcAra kisI prakAra ke spaSTa vidhAna binA sarvasAdhAraNa kA AcAra nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vyaktiyoM ke AcaraNa para se hI AcAroM ke vidhAna kI kalpanA kI jAtI ho to phira AcAra ke yA vidhividhAna ke svataMtra grantha racane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ? kathAnuyoga se hI saba vidhividhAnoM kA kArya cala jAtA ho to caraNakaraNanuyoga kI adhikatA karanA vyartha hai aura bhale yA bure AcaraNa karane vAloM kI kathA parase hI yadi una AcAroM kI niyamabaddha saMgaThanA kI jAtI ho to nItigranthoM yA kAyade ke granthoM kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM par3e ? jaba AcAra ke grantha jude hI race gaye haiM aura unameM pratyeka choTe bar3e AcAroM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai tathApi unameM jisa vidhAna kI gadha taka nahIM mAlUma detI ho usa vidhAna ke samarthana ke liye hama kathAoM kA Azraya leM yA kisI ke udAharaNa deM to yaha tamastaraNa nahIM to aura kyA hai ? maiM yaha bAta himmata pUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ ki maiMne muniyoM yA zrAvakoM ke liye devadarzana yA devapUjana kA vidhAna kisI bhI agasUtra meM nahIM dekhA, itanA for bhagavatI Adi sUtroM meM kaI eka zrAvakoM kI kathAyeM AtI haiM, unameM unakI caryAkA bhI ullekha hai, parantu usameM eka bhI zabda aisA mAlUma nahIM hotA ki jisake AdhAra se hama apanI upasthita kI huI devapUjana aura sambandhita deva dravya kI mAnyatA ko ghaDI bharake liye bhI TikA skeN| mai apane samAja ke dhurandhara kulaguruoM se namratA pUrvaka yaha prArthanA karatA hU~ ki yadi ve mujhe isa viSaya kA eka bhI pramANa yA prAcIna vidhAna vidhivAkya batalAyeMge to maiM unakA vizeSa RNI houuNgaa| kadAcit isase koI bandhu yaha samajhane bhUla na kara baiThe ki lekhaka mUrtivAdakA virodhI hai| maiM prathama isa bAta kA khulAsA kara cukA hU~ aura phira bhI kahe detA hU~ ki maiM isa bAta kA virodhI nahIM hU~, parantu jahA~ taka maiMne gaveSaNa kI hai isa viSaya meM satya hakIkata Apake sAmane rakhanA maiM apanA kartavya samajhatA hU~ / isa viSaya ko AvazyakatA ke pramANa meM mai upayogI samajhatA hU~ / eva kAmacArI tathA satsaga, zAstrAdhyayana, tapa zIla Adi ke samAna taratamatA se mUrtivAda meM bhI AtmavikAza kI nimittatA dekha rahA hU~, aura mAnatA hU~, tathA dUsaro ko batalA bhI rahA huuN| vartamAna upadezakoM meM aura mujhameM mAtra itanA hI pharka hai ki ve isa vAda kA ekAntapUrvaka vidhAna karate haiN| aura usa vidhAna ko puSTa karane ke liye use bhagavAna vardhamAna ke nAma yA unake aga pravacana ke nAma para caDhAte haiM eva tadartha aisI hI kitanI eka kathAoM kA Alambana lete haiM, parantu maiM isa vAdake viSaya meM spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha kahatA hU~ ki bhale hI yaha vAda bhagavAna 72

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vardhamAna kA kathana kiyA na ho, bhale hI usake sambandha meM vidhivAkya aMga sUtroM meM na mila sakatA ho tathApi vaha loMkake pravAhavAhI vibhAga ko prAraMbha me AtmA kI mUla sthiti kA bhAna karAne ke liye darpaNa ke samAna hai. ataH usakA maryAdita sevana unake liye atyapayogI hai| parantu usakA sevana karane vAle ko yaha bAta khAsa dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhiye ki vaha sevana aphIma ke AdI jaisA na honA caahiye| usa sevana se kAlakrameNa-dhIre 2 sevako meM pavitra AcAra, pavitra vicAra, pavitra jIvana, vizuddha nIti aura akhaNDa prAmANikatA jaise manuSyatA ko zobhita karanevAle sadguNa to avazya hI pragaTa hone caahiye| kadAcit hama apane azuddha saskAro ke bhISaNa dabAva se dabe huye hoM tathApi isa vAda ke vivekapUrvaka Azraya se merI mAnyatAnusAra cAhe jaisA azuddha mAnA jAtA huA manuSya bhI yadA kadApi vizuddha huye binA nahIM raha sktaa| maharSi devacadrajI ke zabdo me kahU~ to "nAme hI prabhu, nAme abhdrata raga, ThavaNA ho prabhu, ThavaNA dIThe ullase jii| gaNa AsvAda ho prabhu, guNa AsvAda, abhaga, tanmaya ho prabhu, tanmayatAe je dhase jI" / / 6 / / parantu yadi hama vaisA na kare aura jaise eka mazIna kriyA karatI rahatI hai tyo pratyeka kriyA karate rahe taba phira mUrtivAda to kyA sAkSAt bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI hamArA kalyANa nahI kara skte| mahAzayo! yahAM para maiM kSantavya haiN| koI pAThaka mahAzaya mere viSaya me gaira samajha na kara leM tadartha majhe viSayAntara hokara bhI murtivAda ke sambandha me apanA saMkSipta abhiprAya batalAnA par3A hai| isa viSaya me mai prasagavaza apane vizeSa vicAro ko bhI Apake sAmane rakhane kI kAmanA karake puna prastuta viSaya para AtA hai| Upara kathana kiye majaba ryAda mUrtivAda ke sAtha sambandha rakhanevAlA koI purAtana aitihAsika pramANa yA aMgasUtra kA vidhivAkya nahI mila sakatA jo use avalamba karanevAle devadravya kA sAdhaka ullekha to mile hI kahA me? devadravya ko bhagavAna mahAvIra bhASita yA use agavihita rUpa se batalAne vAle ko saba se prathama mUrtivAda kI zrIvardhamAna-bhASitatA aura agavihitatA siddha karanI caahiye| aisA kiye binA devadravya anAdi kA hai devadravya zAstra me likhA huA 1 "jamhA jiNANa paDimA appa pariNAma dasaNanimitti AyasamaDalAbhA mahA'muhajjhANadiTThIe". (sabodhaprakaraNa-zlo0 40 pR02) 73

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hai aura amuka AcArya yA panyAsa devadravya ko Agamokta batalA rahe haiM, yaha saba kucha jaMgala me rUdana karane ke samAna hai| maiM yahA para panaH isa ko spaSTa kiye detA hU~ ki vartamAna vidyamAna aMgasUtroM me devadravya zabda yA usake viSaya kA eka bhI ullekha nahIM milatA, usakA vidhAna nahIM milatA, evaM aMgasUtro me dI huI kathAo taka meM bhI usakA kahI ullekha nahI mila sktaa| Apa yaha na samajheM ki sUtro me usakA ullekha karane kA prasaga hI nahI AyA hogA, yaha bAta nahI hai| sUtro me bahuta jagaha puNyabandha aura pApabandha se lagatI tathA devagati eva narakagati ke kAraNo se lagatI aneka kathAye AI haiM uname kahIM para bhI pichale sAhitya ke samAna-1 "bar3ato jiNdabbaM titthayatta lahai jIvo" "2 rakhto jiNadavba paritta-sasArio bhaNio" "3 bhakkhato aNatasasArio bhaNio" "4 jiNadhaNamavisvamANo . dallahavohi kaNi jIvo" "5 dohato jiNdavba dohicca duggaya lahai" aisA eka bhI ullekha mujhe nahI milasakA, isI kAraNa vartamAna AcAyo aura dhanADhayo ke ati priya devadravya siddhAnta ke liye majhe uparokta prAmANika abhiprAya batalAnA par3A jo bAta agasatra ke mala pATho me nahI hai vaha ago ke upAMgo. niyaktiyo, bhASyo, varNiyo, avacarNiyo aura TIkAo me kahAM se ho sakatI hai? upAga, niyuktiyA, bhASya, cUrNiyA avacUrNiyA aura TIkAye isI liye likhI jAtI hai ki kisI taraha mUla kA artha spaSTa ho| parantu mala me rahI huI kisI taraha kI apUrNatA ko pUrNa karane ke liye mUla para bhASya cUrNiyA Adi nahI racI jaatii| merI mAnyatAnusAra mUla ke vyAkhyAnarUpa likhe huye grantho me jisakI gandha taka nahI vaisA devadravya zabda yA usase lagatI huI bAta kisI bhI prakAra mabhavita nahI ho sktii| tathApi yadi una granthakAge ne apane 2 vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti kA anusaraNa karake mUla me lagate huye una grantho me kahI para yaha nirmala ullekha kiyA bhI ho to caitya zabda ke jinagRha aura jinabimba artha ke samAna usakI prAcInatA yA vidheyatA siddha nahI ho sakatI,ra parantu vaha ullekha paristhitijanya honevAle kitane eka prakSepo me se eka prakSepa ginA jA sakatA hai| maiM to yaha bhI mAnatA hU~ ki zramaNa granthakAra jo pAca mahAvrata ke pAlaka hai, sarvathA hisA nahIM karate, na karAte aura usame sammati bhI nahI dete, jinake liye kisI prakAra kA dravyastava vidheyarUpa nahIM ho sakatA, ve 1jinadravya ko baDhAtA huA prANI tIrthakaranva prApta karatA hai| 2 jinadravya kI hiphAjata karatA haA jIva alpasasArI hotA hai 3 jinadravya ko khAtA huA jIva ananta samArI hotA hai 4 jinadhana kI upekSA karatA haA prANI darlabha bAdhI hotA hai| 5 jinadravya kA droha karanevAlA jIva dargati prApta karatA hai| (mabodhaprakaraNa ) 14

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'hiMsAmUlaka isa mUrtivAda ke vidhAna kA aura tadavalambI devadravya ke vidhAna kA ullekha kisa taraha kara sakate hai? zrI haribhadrasarijI ke bahuta se granthoM meM isa martivAda ke vidhAna se lagatA aura devadravya kI vRddhi se lagatA huA upadeza diyA gayA hai, taduparAnta unhoMne devadravya ke bhakSaka, devadravya ke upekSaka aura jinAjJA binA anucita rIti se devadravya kI vRddhi kAraka ko saMsAra samudra meM DUbatA huA bhI batalAyA hai| zrIharibhadrasUri kA samaya vikrama kI AThavI zatAbdI sthira kiyA gayA hai aura hamAre satra grantho ke antima saskaraNa kA samaya jo devardhigaNIjI dvArA valabhIpara me kiyA gayA thA, mahAvIra nirvANa se 980 yAne vikrama kI 510 zatAbdI me zAstranizcita hai, aura mahAvIra nirvANa se 882 yAne vikrama 412 ve varSa me nirgranthoM ke caitya vAsa prAraMbha karane kI bAta pahile batalAI jA cukI hai| taba isa 412-510 aura vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI isa eka zatAbdI aura do tIna zatAbdI ke madhya ke samaya me aisI koI paristhiti upasthita ho gaI hogI ki jisa kAraNa jisa bAta ko tAje hI saMskArita haye satra grantho me na dekhane para bhI zrIharibhadrasUrijI ko apane bahuta se grantho meM likhanA paDA ho aura use vihita bhI karanA par3A ho| zrI haribhadrasUri ke bAda ke jina 2 granthoM meM mUrtivAda aura devadravya kI carcA kI gaI hai eva vihitatA batalAI gaI hai una saba ke mUla haribhadrasUri ke gantho me yaha bAta AI kahA se yaha eka prazna vicArane yAgya hai| arvAcIna AcAyo ko maiM jaise matAgrahI kaha kara sabodhita karatA hU~ vaise isa mahApurUSa ke liye nahI kahA jA sktaa| unake granthoM me jo madhyasthatA, gambhIratA aura sAMprayatA dekhI gaI hai vaha lekhanazailI unake bAda ke grantho me majhe kacit hI dekha paDatI hai| aba hama isa prastuta vivAda kA anta tabhI lA sakate hai jaba zrIharibhadrajI ke grantho me Aye huye mUrtivAda aura devadravra, sambandhi carcA kI jar3a ko DhUMDha nikaale| yadyapi yaha eka aitihAsika prazna baDA hI jaTilasA pratIta hotA hai, tathapi ise hama isa prakAra sulajhA sakate haiM- AcArAgasUtra me AI huI bhagavAna zrIvardhamAna kI carcA se mAlama hotA hai ki unakA tyAga vizeSa kaThina thA, balki aura bhI kahe to usa taraha ke tyAga ko AcAra me lAne ke liye mAtra vaise hI samartha purUSo kA sAmarthya hotA hai aura vaise vIra virale hI hote haiN| jambUsvAmI ke bAda jinakalpa viccheda hone kI jo dantakathA pracalita hai, usI se bhagavAna vardhamAna ke tyAga kI kaThinAI spaSTa ho jAtI hai| mahAvIra nirvANa ke bAda jambUsvAmI taka ke samaya me yAne mahAvIra nirvANa kI prathama zatAbdI me mahAtmA buddha ke madhyama mArga ne kAphI lokapriyatA prApta kara lI thii| unake mArga kA yaha udezya thA ki zarIra ko vizeSa na satAkara aimI pravRtti karane 5

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'kI AvazyakatA hai ki jisase mana sthitaprajJa raha sake aura lAkopakAra bhI ho ske| mahAtmA vardhamAna svayaM kAyadaNDavAdI the aura mahAtmA buddha manodaNDavAdI the| vaha madhyama mArga zoka ke samaya meM vaha prAyaH sarvavyApI ho cukA thaa| mahAvIra oiNa se dUsarI aura tIsarI zatAbdI ke bIca kA samaya madhyama mArga ke liye vizeSa anukala thaa| vaha samaya vahI thA jaba ki bhArata meM samrATa azoka kA dharmarAjya pravartatA thaa| usa samaya sasArakI caukhaNDa pRthvI para cAro ora bauddhamaThoM kI sthApanA kI gaI thI, jinameM rahane vAle bauddhabhikSa zakya loka sevA karane ke liye sadaiva tatpara rahate the aura samrATa azoka evaM unakI prajA unheM sevA karane kI dhanAdi sAdhana sAmagrI juTAtI thii| ve bhikSa bImAro ko auSadhi dete the, unakI sevA zuzruSA karate the, dIna dukhiyoM kI sahAya karate the, dardI pazuo eva pakSiyo taka kI cikitsA karate the| vidyArthiyo ko vidyAdAna karate the, Arogya samiti ke kArya meM bhI sahAyatA karane se na cukate the, tathA jakhmI huye DAkuo taka kI sevAzuzruSA karake unhe bhI paramadayAlU banAte the| (dekho zramaNanArada) isa taraha ve bauddhabhIkSa hara eka prakAra se logo kI yogya vyavahArika sevA me hI apanA jIvana vyatIta karate the aura isake dvArA kisI taraha kI AnA kAnI kiye binA hI ve bauddha pravacana ko sarvavyApI banA rahe the| isa prakAra usa madhyama mArga kI paristhiti jitanI lAkopayoga thI utanI hI prajA sevaka bhikSao ke liye sarala aura sundara thii| merI mAnyatAnusAra usa samaya ke zrIvardhamAna ke kaThina tyAga mArga me khinna huye jainabhikSuo para bauddho ke isa sarala aura lokopayogI madhyama mArga kA asara honA sahaja bAta hai| jambUsvAmI ke nirvANa bAda una jainabhikSao me jinakalpa ke sambandha me jo khala bhalAhaTa macA thA use zAnta karane kA yaha eka hI upAya thA ki ve apane se dassAdhya kaThina tyAga ke mArga ko badala kara isa madhyama mArga jaise sarala aura upayogI mArga kA Azraya leke apane AtmakalyANa aura lokakalyANa kI bhI sAdhanA kre| usa samaya jo bhikSu vastra pAtra ke makta virodhI the aura zrIvardhamAna ke kaThina tyAga mArga ke anuyAyI the una para kadAcita madhyama mArga kA asara na ho sakA ho, parantu jo mani vastra pAtra vAda ko bhI mAnate the aura svakalyANa ke AkAkSI the unhe yaha madhyama mArga iSTa ho isa me koI Azcarya kI bAta nahI hai| yaha sabhava hai ki ve kisI bhI taraha zrIvardhamAna ke prati apanI zraddhA bhakti ko kama karanA na cAhate the, isase buddha ke madhyama mArga kA anusaraNa karate huye apanA vardhamAna -anayAyitva na khonA paDe isa bhaya se unhone apane pUrvajo kA mArga ujvala karane ke liye eka aisA madhyama mArga ke samAna sarala aura upayogI mArga nikAlanA pasada kiyA thA ki jisake dvArA ve bauddha 76

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bhikSuoM ke samAna loka sevA kara sake aura apanA bhI zreya sAdha skeN| isa madayama mArga kA anusaraNa karane vAle jaina muniyo ne apane usa mArga kA koI khAsa nAma rakkhA ho yaha jAnane meM nahIM AyA aura usa mArga kA judA nAma honA sabhavita bhI nahIM hotA, kyoki una jainamuniyoM ne vaha to mAtra zrIvardhamAna ke kaThina tyAga AcAro ko kucha narama banAyA thA, maThavAsa yA vaMsativAsa ko aMgIkAra kiyA thA, vastra pAtra kI upayogitA to unheM sammata hI thii| upadeza dvArA, grantharacanA dvArA, matra tatra dvArA aura nimitta jJAna dvArA ve nirIha bhAva se logo kI nirdoSa sevA karane ke icchuka the aura vaisA karake buddha mArga ke samAna zrI vardhamAna ke mArga ko phailAne kI unakI ucca kAmanA thii| isa sarala mArga me tatvavAda se lagatA huA koI khAsa bheda na thA parantu mAtra AcAroM kI hI saralatA thI, isI se kucha vizeSatA rahita usa sarala mArga ko jude nAma se usa samaya ke sakSubhita bhikSusaMdha meM phUTa DAlanA unhe anucita pratIta huA ho aura isI kAraNa unhone usa mArga ko kisI jade nAma se na pragaTa kiyA ho yaha sabhava hai| maiM yaha bAta bhI mAnatA hU~ ki jyoM sAdhAraNatayA huA karatA hai tyo isa mArga me bhI kAlakrameNa pakSApakSa hotA rahA hogA, matAgraha pracalita rahA hogA aura haThavAda bhI bar3hatA rahA hogA, eva usake antima pariNAma me zvetAmbara digambara ke samAna kSullaka bheda ke kAraNa isa nirnAma mArga ko anya mArgoM ke sadRza sarvathA judA honA paDA hogaa| yadi hama yaha bAta mAne ki mahAvIra nirvANa se dUsarI zatAbdI me yaha nirnAma marala mArga pracalita huA hogA aura usake bAda kI pAcavI chaThI zatAbdI bItane taka pakSApakSI, matAgraha aura haThavAda kA rasAyana sevana karake vaha puSTa huA ho tathA anta me mahAvIra nirvANa se 882 varSa meM caitvAsa ke nAma se pragaTa haA ho to yaha bhI vizeSa sabhava hai| mahAvIra nirvANa se 882 varSa me pragaTa huye caityavAsa kI jaDa mujhe isa sarala mArga me hI bhAsita hone ke kAraNa maine isa prakAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| kisI bhI dhArmika sthiti kA prArabha bahuta hI sAdA hotA hai aura kalyANakArI eva loka hitakArI hotA hai, parantu jaba usame Agraha, andhatA aura avivekatA kA mizraNa hotA hai taba use eka jude patha yA sapradAya rUpa me ginate haiN| jisa vakta usame svAchadya, vilAsitA aura svArtha kI mAtrA adhika pramANa me baDha jAtI haiM taba svaya hI usakA antakAla A jAtA hai tathA usa eka hI mArga kI antakAla kI sthiti me aura prArabhika sthiti me itanA adhika antara mAlama hotA hai ki jitanA nara aura khara me hotA hai| 'zrIharibhadrasarijI ne jina maniyo kA khedajanaka citra apane grantha me diyA hai

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usa sthiti ko maiM isa sarala mArga kA antima evaM sarvathA vikRta svarUpa mAnatA hai| kahA jAtA hai mahAvIra nirvANa se dUsarI zatAbdI me honevAle zrI bhadravAha svAmI ne marIkA upadrava zAnta karane ke liye tathA saMgha me zAnti karane ke nimitta uvasaggahara, stotra banAyA thaa| mahAvIra nirvANa se pAcavI zatAbdI me hone vAle vidyAsiddha zrIkhapaTAcArya ne apanI vidyA ke camatkAra se bahuta sI jagaha saghopayogI kArya kiye the| vIra nirvANa se chaThI zatAbdI me honevAle zrI vajrasvAmI ne apanI gaganagAminI vidyA se eka deza meM se dUsare deza meM le jAkara darbhikSake bhISaNa paMje se bacAkara jaina sagha ko surakSita rakkhA thA aura vIranirvANa se gyArahavI-bArahavIM zatAbdI ke bIca meM hone vAle zrIharibhadrasari bahata se daHkhita janoM ko bhojana dekara unakA poSaNa karate the, 'ye bAteM tyAgamUrti zrIvardhamAna ke kaThina tyAgamArgI muniyo ke liye ghaTa nahIM sktii| tarantu Upara batalAye huye madhyama mArga ke avalambaka bhikSuoM ke liye hI ghaTatI hai| isa prakAra sarala aura lokopayogI madhyama mArga se lagate haye mere pUrvokta ullekha ina AcAryoM kI jIvana ghaTanA paSTa karatI hai| yadi hama isI bAta ko dhyAna me rakhakara vizeSa vicAra kare to hame isa itihAsa meM hI mUrtivAda aura devadravya vAda kI jaDa mila sakatI hai| merI icchA thI ki yahA para usa samaya ke anya bhI aneka AcAryoM ke jIvana vRtAnta dekara uparokta mantavya ko vizeSa dRDha banAU~ kintu lAcAra hai ki vaisA nahI kara sakatA kyoki vIra nirvANa me 1000 taka ke itihAsa kA adhika hissA abhI taka vizeSa andhakAra me paDA hai| usa pe se jo kacha milatA hai usame kitane eka nAmo kI aura una se lagatI upayogI dantakathA vAlI kucha 2 bAteM upalabdha hotI haiM, jo paramparA ke AdhAra se vartamAna paTTAvAliyoM meM ullikhita hai| yaha to baddha samaya ke zrIvardhamAna ke mArga kI pagiti se aura apane itihAsa meM milanevAle caityavAma ke ullekha me uma (caityavAma) kI jar3a ko DhUMr3ha nikAlane kA merI UparI-brAhmaprayAsa mAtra hai| isa viSaya me maiM dRDhatApUrvaka itanA kaha sakatA hU~ aura Age kaha bhI cukA hU~ ki jisa mUrtivAda kA vidhAna aura devadravya kI gandha agamatra grantho me nahI milatI usakA haribhadramari samarthana pUrvaka ullekha karate hai isakA kyA kAraNa honA cAhiye? isa prazna kA uttara svaya hI eka aisI paramparA ko lUMDha nikAlatA hai ki jo marnivAda tathA devadravya ko mAnanevAlI thI aura jisakA zAstravizrata caityavAma paramparA nAma thaa| isameM mUrtivAda aura devadravya se lagate huye zrIharibhadrasUri ke ullekho ke mUlasvarUpa me hame bhI usI paramparA ko svIkAranA hai jise pahale zAstravizrata paramparA kahI hai| yaha paramparA kacha dabhAkara ke samAna vIrarvAiNa me 882 varSa meM zIghra hI nahI Uga nikalI 18

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hogI, parantu eka ghaTadAra vRkSa ke samAna usakA dhIre 2 vikAza bhI huA hogA aura anta meM usameM bikAra huye bAda hI use naSTa honA par3A hogaa| eka Ama ke peDa ko paidA hote, phalate, phUlate aura anta me kAlake gAla me paDate taka bhI adhika samaya vyatIta hotA hai to phira eka bar3I sampradAya - paramparA ko paidA mArgarUpa se cirakAlataka sthita raha kara naSTa hote huye yadi pAMca chaha zatAbdIyA yA isase kucha aura bhI nyUnAdhika samaya bIta jAya to yaha kramavikAza kI dRSTi se sarvathA saMbhavita haiN| isI prakAra anya sampradAyoM kA prArambha se antatakakA itihAsa paDhate huye bhI itane hI samaya kI pratIta honA zakya mAlUma hotA hai| isI AdhAra se maine Upara batalAyA hai ki caityavAsa kA bIjaropaNa buddha ke madhyama mArga ke AdhAra para usI samaya huA hai jabaki mahAvIra, sudharmA yA jambU jaise kaThina tyAga ke premiyo kA abhAva thA, usa samaya jo kaThina tyAga ke anuyAyI the ve bahuta kama pramANa me the aura jinakI saMkhyA adhika thI unakA lakSya buddha ke madhyama mArga jaise sarala mArga para jama cukA thA / arthAt vIra nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM hI isa paramparA kI khUba gaharI jaDa jama gaI thI, jisake dvArA zvetAmbaratA aura digambaratA ke viSavRkSa kI bhI puSTi huI thI / anta me jo vIra nirvANa ke bAda 9 vI zatAbdI akUra pragaTa huA vaha bhI aisI saDI huI dazA me pragaTA ki vIra nirvANa ke bAda 11 vI zatAbdI me hone vAle AcArya zrIharibhadrasUri ko apane sampradAya kI bhI usa jar3a para naSTa karane kA prayAsa karanA paDA thA, yaha Aja hamAre sAmane pratyakSa hai| isa prakAra zrI haribhadrasUri ne kiyA huA mUrtivAda aura devadravya kA ullekha eva isa paramparA ke sAmane jo virodha karane kA ullekha kiyA hai ye tIno hI merI isa kramika vikAsa kI kalpanA ko majabUta banAne ke liye paryApta haiN| aba mujhe yaha bAta yahA para jarA vizeSa rUpa se spaSTha karane kI AvazyakatA hai ki caityavAsa kI isa paramparA ke sAtha mUrtivAda aura devadravya kA kisa taraha kA sambandha hai? yadi maiM yathArtharUpa se isa prazna kA uttara de sakUMgA to hI isa prastuta viSaya para yarthAtha rItyA carcAkara sakatA huuN| abhI taka aisA eka bhI pramANa upalabdha nahI huA jisase yaha pramANita ho ki zrI vardhamAna ke samaya mUrtivAda vartamAna ke samAna eka mArga svarUpa pracalita huA, ho tathA vIra nirvANa se 980 varSa me sakalita huA sAhitya bhI isa viSaya meM kisI prakAra kA vidhAyaka prakAza nahI DAlatA ki jo mUrtivAda ke sAtha pradhAnatA vizeSa sambandha rakhatA hai| isase hama itane sarala satya ko to avazya samajha sakate haiM ki vIra nirvANa se 980 varSa taka ke yA vikrama se 510 varSa taka ke samaya me eka pravAhI mArga rUpa me mUrtivAda kI utkaTa gandha taka mAlUma nahI hotii| tathApi mai isa bAta ko majUra kara letA 79

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haiM ki lokasvabhAva ke kAraNa vIra nirvANa ke bAda hI kadAcita kahI para usakA akUra prabalatA kI pAcavI yA chaThI zatAbdI likhI hai aura usakA AraMbha baddha nirvANa ke bAda sAbita kiyA hai| baddha kI vidyamAnatA meM hI jJAta patra zrIvardhamAna kA nirvANa hone se hama yaha kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki zrIvardhamAna ke nirvANa bAda lagabhaga AdhI zatAbdI bIta jAne para madhyama mArga ke sasthApaka ke smaraNa cinha svarUpa buddha ke maMdira aura mUrtiyA banI ho| usa samaya zrIvardhamAna ke bhikSu sarvathA nispRha, lokaiSaNA kI upekSA karane vAle aura kaThina tyAgI hone ke kAraNa ve buddha ke maMdira yA mUrtiyA dekhate hI DhIle banajAya aise na the, unhe DhIlA hone ke liye kucha samaya aura nirakazatA kI AvazyakatA thii| vIra nirvANa kI lagabhaga paunI zatAbdI bIta cukane para arthAt mahAvIra se 64 ve varSa me aura jaba unake jambUsvAmI jaise baliSTha senApati kA abhAva ho cukA taba unhoMne dhIre 2 usa kaThina mArga ko choDakara apane mana mAne sarala aura upayogI madhyama mArga kA Azraya lenA Arabha kiyA thaa| jo kaThina the ve to kaThina tyAga hI rahe, paranta jo usa kaThinAI ko sahana na kara sakate the unhone madhyama mArga ko hI vIra bhASita mAnakara Azrita kara liyaa| madhyama mArga kA prArabha bahuta hI sundara aura 'upayogI thA, usa me ve logo ke liye bauddhabhikSao ke samAna apanA vizeSa samaya vyatIta karate the aura jahA taka bana sake vahA taka ve jainabhikSa nirdoSatayA lokopayogI bane the| merI dhAraNA ke anusAra jaino kA yaha madhyama mArga jyo jyo vizeSa lokopayogI banatA gayA hogA tyo tyo unhe apanI kitanI eka pravRttiyo me bhI parivartana karanA paDA hogA aura kitanI eka aisI navIna pravRttiyA svIkAranI bhI paDI hogI jo parokSa rIti me yA paramparA se sayama kI bAdhaka hotI ho| unhone logo ke hitArtha yaha bhI upadeza kiyA hogA ki apane sAmane satpurUSo ke smAraka cinha rakhane kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai, jisakI smati se dhIre 2 hamArA vikAza honA zakya aura sulabha bana ske| isa prakAra ke upadeza se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke smAraka kA prArabha karanA yaha ahisA pradhAna sayama ke dasare aura tIsare (karAnA aura karane vAle kA anumodana karanA) bhAge kA bAdhaka ginA jAtA hai. tathApi usa bAdhaka pravRtti ko lokopayogI mAnakara sayama kI vartamAna paristhiti ko dekha kara unhoMne nirdoSa samajhA ho yaha saMbhava ho| isI taraha unhone dAnazAlAyeM, satrAgAra aura pAThazAlAye sthApita karane karAne Adi lokopayogI kAryoM me hAtha labAyA ho yaha bhI sagata hai aura una saba kAryoM kI suvyavasthA karane ke liye logo kI ora se muni hI niyukta kiye gaye ho to isame bhI koI asagati nahI pratIta hotii| una samasta kAryoM ko sucArurUpa se saMcAlita 80

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rakhane ke liye eva unheM saphala banAne ke liye logo kI tarapha se sAdhuo ko dhanAdi sAmagrI kA dAna denA nizcata hI hai isameM kisI taraha ke saMkalpa vikalpa ko sthAna hI nahIM mila sktaa| ve bhikSa to AcAra se pavitra aura vicAra se vizuddha the| mAtra tyAga kI parAkASThA hI unheM asahya mAlUma hotI thI, isI kAraNa ve jisa taraha lokopayogI hokara zrIvardhamAna ke mArga ke pracAraka ho sakeM aura apane parAye kalyANa ke sAdhaka bhI bana sakeM isa prakAra ke isa ApavAdika mArga kA anusaraNa karate the| loga apanI yA usa samaya ke apane samAja kI unnati ke liye una bhikSao ko jo dhanAdi sAmagrI pradAna karate the usakA nAma magaladravya, zAzvatadravya yA nidhidravya rakkhA gayA thaa| yahAM para mujhe prasaMgopAta yaha bAta bhI batalA dene kI AvazyakatA hai ki jo nirgrantha dhana kA sparza taka bhI na karate the, jo sahya tyAra ke evaM AtmakalyANa ke abhilASI the aura jo bhikSu apanI sayama paddhati ko loka hita ke rUpa meM parivartita kara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mArga dipAne me Atara the ve madhyama mArga para ArUr3ha hote hI lokopayogI sarva prakAra ke Arabho ko bhI karane laga paDe the yaha samajhanA bhUla hogaa| yaha eka naisargika niyama hai ki jyoM manuSya ko Upara car3hate huye dera lagatI hai tyo utarahe haye bhI samaya lagatA hai, isa niyama ke anusAra hamAre una nirgrantha mahAnubhAvo ne cAhe vaise sarala mArga ko agIkAra kiyA thA tathApi upadezataraMgiNI ke isa zloka me varNita unakA AcAra lagabhaga abAdhita thA__ "1 bhujjImahI vaya bhaikSa, zIrNa vAso vsiimhi| zayImahi mahIpIThe kurvImati kimIzvaraiH" / / 145 / / pR0 49 ___ "2 padbhyAmadhvani sacareya virasa bhujjIya bhaikSa sakRnajorNa sig nivasIya bhamibalaye rAtrau zayIya kssnnm| nissagGatvamadhizrayeya mitAmullAsayeyA anish| jyotistat parama dadhIya hRdaye kurbIya ki bhUbhujA / / 168 / / 3 paTyau galadupAnamyA sacarante'tra ye divaa| cAritriNasta eva syuna pare yAnayAyina / / 161 / / 1 bhikSA mAgakara bhojana karanA, zINaM-phaTe TUTe vastra pahananA, jamIna para sonaa| 2 paidala pravAsa karanA, eka hI daphA nirasa AhAra karanA, purAne vastra pahananA rAta ko jamIna para kSaNabhara sonA ni saga rahanA, sarvatha sama rahanA, paramajyotikA dhyAna krnaa| 3 pairo me jatA na pahananA, yAnayAyI na honaa| 4 kezApanayana karanA, kama khAnA, zakAdirahita bhojana karanA, dina me na sonA, snAna aura bhoga kA tyAga karanA tathA saskArita pAnI piinaa|"

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57) 4 kezottAraNamalpamalpamazanaM niyaMjanaM bhojn| nidrAvarjanamahni majjanavidhityAgazra bhogazca n|| pAnaM saMskRtapAthasAmaviraMta yeSAM kiletthaM kriyA tepAM karmamayAmayaH sphuTamayaM spaSTo'pihi kSIyate / / 170 / / (pRSTha jaba isa maMdhyama mArga ke prArabha kA samaya hoga usa vakta ve nirgrantha upadeza dvArA eva grantha racanA dvArA lokopakAra karate hoMge, prAraMbha meM to zakya nirdoSatA rakhakara hI isa mArga ko vijayI banAne kA unakA dhyeya hogA, parantu jyoM 2 samaya bItatA gayA tyo 2 unhoMne kitane eka apavAdoM ko svIkAra karake bhI loka zreyakA kArya kiyA hogaa| isI taraha ve dhIre 2 bauddho ke maThavAsa ke samIpa me Aye hoge| jo maiMne abhI dhanAdi sAmagrI ke sambandha meM ullekha kiyA hai vaha koI merA kalpita vicAra nahI hai, kintu usa samaya maThavAsa ke nikaTa Ate haye jainAcAyoM ko jainarAjA dvArA dhana dAna diyA jAne ke aura usa samaya kI jainaprajA dvArA sAmAjika zubha kArya ke liye maniyoM ko dhana dene ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| / AcArya zrIsiddhasenasari ko vikramAditya eka karoDa rupaye dene lagA thA aura ve rupaye vikrama ke bahI khAte me zrIsiddhasena ke nAma likhe bhI gaye the| parantu akicana zrIsiddhasena ne unhe lene se aruci pragaTa kI thI aura usa dravya kA vikramAditya ko yathAsaci upayoga karane ko kaha diyA thA, isase vikramAditya ne zrIsiddhasena ko arpaNa .kiyA huA vaha dravya dukhIsAdharmika aura caityo ke uddhAra me kharca kiyA thaa| 2 AcArya jIvasUri ko lalla nAmaka eka jainagRhastha ne pacAsa hajAra rupaye arpaNa karane kI icchA vyakta kI thI aura kahA thA ki "yadi Apa yaha dhana lo to mujhe adhika lAbha hogA Apa yaha dhana lekara yatheccha dAna de sakate haiM" paranta usa AcArya ne bhI zrIsiddhasena ke samAna usI kAraNa (sAdhatA me bAdhA A jAne ke kAraNa) usa dhana ko agIkAra na karake lalla zeTha dvArA hI eka 1zrIsiddhasenasUrizcAnyadA brAhmabhuvi vjn| dRSTa zrIvikramAkeNa rAjJA rAjadhvagena sa / / 61 / / tasya dakSatayA tuSTa prItidAne dadau nRpaa| koTi hATa kaTakDAnA lekhaka patrake likhat / / 62 / / tadyathA-dharmalAbha ihi prokte duraaduddhtponnye| sUraye siddhasenAya dadau koTi narAdhipa / / 64 / / uvAca siddhI dravyeNa cakre'sau sAdhAraNa samudrakam / duHsthAsAdhamikastoma -caityo dvArA dihetave" / / 66 / / (prabhAvakaca0 pR094) 2 yayau lalla prabho pArve cakre dharmAnuyojanam / / 97 / / - zrutveti sa prapede'tha sasamyaktvA vratAvalIm / / 101 / / dravyalakSasya sakalpo vihita sUryaparvaNi / / 102 / / kathamardha mayA zeSa vyayanIya yadAdiza / / 103 / / mama cetasi pRjyAnA datta bahuphala bhvet| tad gRhIta prbho| yaya yatheccha datta vASSdarAt / / 104 / / (prabhA0 pR085) 82

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ramya nijAlaya taiyAra karAne meM use kharca karA diyA thaa| yahAM para yaha bAta hameM khAsa dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki eka jainagRhastha eka jaina muni ko rupaye arpaNa karane kI prathanA karatA hai, yadyapi usa dhana ko svIkAra karane meM tyAgamUrti munijI ne apanA dharma na samajhA, parantu eka jainagRhastha- vaha bhI jainadharma ko jAnane vAlA tyAgI yogI ko dhana dene kI bAta kahe kayA yaha Azcarya janaka bAta nahI hai? vartamAna samaya me bhI sAdhu cAhe jaise zithila ho gaye hai, kitane eka to apane nAma kA khAtA kholakara dharma prabhAvanA kI pravRti kara rahe haiM, jinake liye pratimAsa hajAro kA dhana kharca hotA rahatA hai, jinake pAsa pracalita noTo ke samAna saMkhyAbaddha posTa kI TikiTe rahatI haiM aura mAtra pustako ke Dhero kI rakhavAlI kara rahe haiM aise ina sAdhuo ko bhI koI jaina gRhastha yaha kadApi nahI kaha sakatA ki mahArAja yaha dhana agIkAra karo aura Apa isakA yatheccha upayoga kro| jaina gRhastha yaha samajhate haiM ki muniyo kA AcAra dhana grahaNa karane kA nahI hai ora unhe dhana dene kA hamArA bhI dharma nahI hai / isI hetu se ve khullama khullA rUpa se sAdhuo ko nagada dhana nahI de sakate eva ve isa prakAra le bhI nahI skte| taba phira jaina gRhastha lallazeTha ne jIvasUri ko pacAsa hajAra rUpaye dene kI bAta aura rAjA vikramAditya ne zrI siddhasenasUri ke nAma para likhe huye rUpayoM kI jo bAta hame sapramANa milatI hai usakA samanvaya kisa prakAra kiyA jAya? mujhe to ina prabhAvako kI hakIkata se yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya ke muniyo me sAdhAraNarItyA dhana lene dene kA vyavahAra prAraMbha ho cukA hogA, parantu kitane eka tyAgapriya virale mahAtmA dhana kA sparza taka bhI na karate hoge| yadi yaha rivAja sAdhAraNa na ho gayA ho to jaina gRhastha kI aura sanyAsI ke AcAra se paricita rAjA kI isa taraha kI pravRti kadApi sarbhAvita nahI ho sakatI ki ve akicana muni ko dhana kI prArthana kre| sAdhumAtra upadeza aura grantha racanA jaisI nirdoSa pravRti se loka kalyANa kI sAdhanA karate the| ve aba vikrama aura lallazeTha ke samaya samAja se dhana lekara bhI lokakalyANa kI pravRti me paDe the, matra tatra karate the, vaidyaka karate the, jyotiSa batalAte the aura maMdira bhI cinavAte the| prabhAvaka caritra me jo siddhamenasUri ke sambandha me ullekha milatA hai usame yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki unhone survaNAsiddhi aura sarSapa vidyA dvArA 1 karmAranagara ke rAjA devApAla ko aura 2 bhRgupura ke rAjA dhanajaya (balamitra ke putra) ko eva 1 dakho prabhAvaka caritra pR0 95, zalo0 75 se 86 / 2 prabhAvaka caritra pR0 102, 83

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do rAjAoM kI laDAI me sainya se vipula dhana se sahAya kI thI aura isa prakAra rASTrasevA me bhI hissA liyA thaa| isI grantha me eka prabandha vijayasiMha sUrikA AtA hai, usame unheM guTikAsiddha mAtrika ke vizeSaNa se prazasita kiyA hai ina vijayasiMha sUri ne apane mukha meM guTikA rakhakara eka maMdira ke liye rUpayo kA cadA kiyA thA, usa cade me kitaneeka brAhmaNoM ne bhI (kisI ne 50, 100, 200) rUpaye diye the aura isa taraha kiye huye usa phaNDa me kula 50,000 ) rUpaye huye the / una rUpayo se AcArya zrI ne eka zreSTha kArIgara kI sahAya se kASTha kA jinamaMdira sudharavAyA thA / taduparAnta AcArya 4 AryakhapuTa, AcArya pAdalipta, AcArya rUdradevasUri aura AcArya nAgArjuna Adi kI bhI isI prakAra kI pravRti una 2 prabandho me, una grantho meM varNita kI huI hai / ina saba bAto ke dekhate huye yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki samAja ne dhana lekara kArya karane vAle nispRha AcAryo kA vaza dhIre 2 saspRha huA ho aura apane pAsa bhI dravya rakhakara apane pUrvajo ke mArga ko kAyama rakkhA ho| sagha paTTaka me varNita caitya vAsa ke prAraMbhika itihAsa me batalAyA gayA hai ki, 'jisa vakta zrAvaka dhArmika kAryoM kI ora durlakSa karane lage aura kitanIeka dhArmika pravRtiyA jo ki zrAvako ke karane yogya thI banda lagI vaise samaya me una tamAma pravRtiyo ko cAlU rakhane ke liye eva dhArmika kAryo ko sabhAlane ke liye nirgrantha sAdhuo ko bhI apane sayama kA kucha balidAna karanA par3A thA, maMdira Adi kI vyavasthA karanI paDI thI / tadartha dravya kA samparka, usakA hisAba aura lena dena vagairaha bhI vizeSa karanA paDA thA / zlo0 165 se 168 / 3 prabhAvaka caritra vijayasiMha sUri prabandha pR0 69-78 / 4 prabhAvaka caritra pR0 56 se 61 zlo0 146 me 232 tk| 5 prabhAvaka caritra yAdalipta prabandha pR0 47 se 69 tk| 6 prabhAvaka caritra pR0 54-55 tk| 7 prabhAvaka ca0 pR0 62 se 66 taka zlo0 248 se 306 tk| taduparAnta prabhAvaka caritra meM varNita pratyeka prabandha me isa taraha kI sakhyAbaddha bAte milatI hai aura vaha asara caityavAsa naSTa jAne para bhI abhI taka calI A rahI hai| mAnadevasUri, munisundarasUri 46 vA paTTadhara dharmaghoSasUri. hemacandrasUri, malayagirijI, abhayadevasUri, vAdibetAla zAntimUri aura vAdidevasUrija prabhRti aneka AcAryoM ke jIvana meM aisI aneka ghaTanAo kA ullekha milatA hai| rAjA kumArapAla jinamaMdira me vAravadhuo ( vezyAo) dvArA AratI karatA thA yaha bhI caitya vAsakA hI asara thaa| " nisi nivisiUNa-paTTe Arattiya magalAi / kAravai / vAravahUnivaheNa mAgahagaNagijja mANaguNo / (kumArapAla ke samasamayI somaprabha) 84

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maiMne jo Upara batalAyA hai ki isa madhyama mArga kI ora AkarSita huA sAdhasaMgha dharma kI rakSA ke liye dhIre 2 dhanAdi prapaMca kI tarapha bhI jhakA thA, isa bAta kI caitya vAsa kA prArabhika itihAsa bhI puSTi karatA hai| usa samaya * ke kuzala AcArya baDI pavitratApUrvaka rahakara evaM sAmayika apavAdoM ko sevana karane bhI dharmakArya karate hoNge| unake pAsa jo dhana ikaTTA hotA usa dhana ko ve apane liye na kharca kara zrIsaMgha ke hitArtha hI kharcate hoMge aura isI kAraNa ve usa dhana ko magaladravya, zAzvatadravya yA nidhidravya ke nAma se vyavahArita karate hoge| haribhadrasUri ne apane * sambodha prakAraNa meM jinadravya ke paryAya ke taura para ina tIna zabdo ko bhI rakkhA hai| zabda zAstra ke niyamAnusAra paryAyavAcaka zabdo kA eka samAna hI artha hotA hai, jaise ki ghaTa, kalaza, kubha, ina tIna zabdo kI vyutpatti bhinna 2 hone para bhI unake artha vyavahAra meM jarA bhI antara mAlUma nahIM hotA, manuSya, mAnava, aura manuja ye tIno paryAyazabda eka hI bhAva ko sUcita karate haiM isI taraha yahA~ bhI zAzvatadravya, magaladravya, nidhidravya aura jinadravya, ye cAro hI zabda ekArthaka hone ke kAraNa inake pratyeka ke bhAva meM lezamAtra bhI antara kA sabhava nahI ho sktaa| jo bhAva zAzvatadravya zabda se liyA jAtA hai usI bhAva ko jinadravya zabda bhI sUcita karatA hai, arthAt zAzvatadravya zabda meM jitanI artha vyApakatA samAI huI hai utanI hI artha vyApakatA jinadravya zabda me ho tabhI vaha usakA paryAya ho sakatA hai| isa sambandha me zrIharibhadrasUri jI yahA~ taka likhate hai ki yaha magaladravya, zAzvatadravya, nidhidravya aura jinadravya zabda se vyavahArita dravya jJAna aura darzana kA prabhAvaka hai aura jina pravacana kA pracAra karane vAlA hai| arthAt yadi saMgha me vidyA kI kamI ho, yadi sagha me samyaktva kI nyanatA ho to usakI parti ke liye, usakI vRddhi ke liye magaladravya kA upayoga ho sakatA hai aura yadi sagha me jinapravaMcana kA kama pracAra ho to usakA vizeSa pracAra karane ke nimitta isa dravya kA upayoga karanA, vyaya karanA zAstra sammata hai| yAne sagha ke dhArmika ago, jinakI nIva zArIrika svAsthya, vidyA pracAra, AtmajJAna * "pavaragaNa-hagmijaNaya pahANaparisehi ja tyaaienn| egA'Negehi kaya dhIrA ta biti jinndvv||95|| magaladavva nihidavva mAsayadavva ca savva megtttthaa| AsAyaNaparihArA jayaNAe ta khu ThAyavva" / / 96 / / "jiNapavayaNabuDhDhikara pabhAvaga naann-dsnngunnaann| vuDhDhatIjiNadavva titthayarata lahai jIvo (pR0 4) / / 97 / / 85

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kI vRddhi aura jina pravacana kA pracAra hai, ke liye isa dravya ko vyaya kiyA jAya to aisA kauna mar3ha yA mamatvI hogA jo usakA niSedha karane kI DhIThatA kre| haribhadrasUrijI ke ina donoM ullekho se yaha sAbita hotA hai ki usa samaya ke catura AcAryoM ko samAja se sAmAjika kAryoM ke liye jo dravya milatA thA tadartha hI ina cAroM zabdo kI yojanA kI thI evaM ina zabdo ke artha se bhI yahI bAta siddha hotI hai| isa samaya bhI dharmAdAya dUkAna me kisI tIrthaMkara kA nAma na calAkara jo ANanda jI kalyANajI yA DosAbhAI abhaya cada kA nAma calAyA jAtA hai isase bhI yaha spaSTa hotA he ki isa dUkAna kA prabandha aura dhana yaha saba kucha magaladravya, zAzvatadravya yA nidhidravya hai aura jaba AvazyakatA paDe taba use sagha ke hitArtha kharca sakate haiM, isame kisI bhI taraha kA doSa lagatA ho yaha zAstra se, itihAsa-se, aura uparokta pramANoM se sAbita nahI hotaa| aba taka ke mere prastuta ullekha me haribhadrajI ke grantho me diye murtivAda aura devadravya kI jaDe batalAne kA jo maiMne prayatna kiyA hai usame merI mAnyatAnAra pramANikatA pUrvaka maiM isa bAta ko siddha kara cukA hU~ ki Upara batalAye huye madhyamamArga ke anuyAyio ne, jisakA vidhAna vidhivAkya agasUtro me upalabdha nahIM hotA vaise murtivAda ko mAtra eka sAdhAraNa aura janahita ke liye niyojita kiyA hai aura vaha pIche se aneka dharmo kI dekhAdekhI vRddhi ko prApta hotA gayA eva anta me Upara kathanAnusAra pAcavI aura chaThI zatAbdI ke tAntrika mata kI prabalatA huye bAda vaha hamAre samAja me vajralepa jaisA aura ekAnta vidheya ke samAna ho gayA hai, itanA hI nahI balki Adhunika samaya me to vaha kleza kA mUlakAraNa bana gayA hai| usake kAraNa hI Aja jaina samAja kI prazasA vakIlo, bairisTo' aura adAlato me bhI gAI' jA rahI hai aura pratidina samAja kSayaroga se pIDita rogI ke samAna vikarAla kAla kI tarapha khiMcA jA rahA hai| tathApi isa mAmAjika vyasana se samAja kA maryAdina rahanA to dUra rahA kintu usake agragaNya AcArya, mani aura zrImanta isa vAda kI ekAntatA me hI siddhazilA kA paTTA milA samajhate hai| majhe sirpha isI bAta kA kheda hotA hai ki jina pavitra nirgrantho ne lokahita kI dRSTi se jisa vAda ko niyojita kiyA thA vahI vAda Aja hame apanA grAsa banA rahA hai, aho! kaisA bhISaNa parivartana !! kaisA paizAcika vikAra !! aura anekAntavAda kI mudrAchApavAloM kA bhI yaha kaisA bhayakara ekAntavAda !! ___ aba maiM eka choTI sI bAta batalA kara apane isa mudde kA yahA~ hI pUrNa karane kA vicAra karatA hU~ ata Apa mahAzayo se prArthanA karatA hU~ ki Apa

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adhIra na hokara nimna bAta ko bhI sAvadhanatA pUrvaka par3halene kI kRpA kiijiye| jisa dravya kA aga granthoM meM kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM milatA, mAtra haribhadrasari ke granthoM para se hama usa zAzvatadravya, magaladravya, nidhidravya yA jinadravya aise ekArthaka nAmoM se pahacAna cuke haiM aura jisake vyaya ko saghahita ke liye zAstrAnumata sAbita kara cuke haiM usa dravya se lagate hue zAzvatadravya jaise vyApaka arthavAle jinadravya yA devadravya zabda ke vyApaka artha meM saMkoca kyoM kiyA gayA? kaba kiyA gayA aura usake kisa prakAra ke vyaya ke sAmane bhayakara pApoM ko samanvita kiyA gayA yaha prazna hai| jina mahAzayoM ne uparokta itihAsa ko mananapUrvaka par3hA hoga vo to svaya hI isa prazna kA uttara prApta kara sake hoge tathApi mujhe vizeSa spaSTatA ke liye yaha batalA dene kI jarUrata hai ki jaba usa madhyama mArga kA antima svarUpa utpanna huA aura usa nidhidravya, jinadravya, zAzcatadravya yA magaladravya kI vyavasthA karane vAle sAdhu haribhadrasUri ke zabdo me varNita svacchaMdI vilAsI aura dabhI haye taba ve mahAzaya apane mamatvAspada isa sAmAjika eva pavitra dhana ke vArisa-hakadAna bane aura kahane lage ki isa dravya kA upayoga to hama hI kara sakate haiM, isame kisI anyakSetra kA jarA bhI hama nhii| bhale hI dUsare kSetra kamajora ho jAyaM tathApi isa dravya kA upayoga unakI puSTi ke liye nahI ho sktaa| ve isa dravya para apanA hI svAmItva batalAne ke liye yaha bhI kahane lage ki yaha jo devadravya yA jinadravya hai isa kA upayoga usake vyavasthApaka kara sakate haiN| deva kI, devamandira kI evaM usase lagate haye anya kayoM kI vyavasthA hama karate haiM ata isa dravya para hamAre sivA anya kisI kSetra kA hama sabhavita nahI hai, na saMbhavita hogA aura na hI sabhavita honA ucita hai| taduparAnta ve sAdhu jina, jinazAsana, pravacana, jinamarti aura jinadharma, ina sabake nAma se adhikAdhika dhana ekatrita karane lage tathA mahArAjA lAibalakeza vAle mahanta ke samAna kitaneka mahAnubhAva to nitya nayI rAsalIlA jaisI dharmarUDhiyA bhI racane lge| unhone usa dravya ko baDhAne ke liye aura usakI niyamita Aya kAyama karane ke liye prasaga 2 para usa samaya ke saMdha me aneka taraha ke naye 2 dhatIgDa pracalita kiye| usa samaya kA vicArA bhadrikasadha kyA karatA? vaha to darvAsA RSi jaise una RSiyoM ke (2) zApake bhaya se kAmpata ho ve jo kahe use hI tahatti karane lagA aura unake managhaDita kAyama kiye hae hakoM ke anusAra dhana bhI dene lgaa| unhone pUjA me, tama me apanI lAga kAyama kI, zAstra paDhAne ke liye aura sunAne ke liye dravya kamAne kI lAga kAyama kii| aneka taraha ke naye 2 83

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pata khar3e karake usa nidhidravya ko bar3hAne kI pravRtti cAlU rakkha aura anta me ve svayaM eka prAmANika gRhastha ke darje se bhI itane adhika nIce ghisara gaye the ki yadi unakI yaha sthiti vizeSa samaya taka cAlU rahatI to ve apane manuSyatva se bhI hAtha dho baiThate aisA prasaMga A pahu~cA thA / usa samaya unhI ke sampradAya ke eka sudhAraka caityavAsI sAdhu zrI haribhadrasUri ne kamara kasake unheM samajhAnA prAraMbha kiyaa| usa samaya ke eva bhaviSya ke jaina samAja ko jAgRta karane ke liye tadviSayaka aneka grantho kI bhI unhoMne racanA kii| una grantho me caityavAsiyoM kA sAmanA karane ke liye jo ullekha kiye haiM unameM yaha bhI likhA hai ki deva ke nAma se, devatIrtha ke nAma se aura deva pravacana ke nAma se jo dravya saMgrahita kiyA gayA hai vaha koI eka vyakti yA samAja apane vilAsa ke kAryoM meM nahIM kharca sakatA, a svArtha me usakI yojanA nahI kara sakatA aura usakA kisI bhI taraha durupayoga nahI kara sktaa| yadi usa dravya kA upayoga samyaktvakI vRddhi ke liye, jJAnapracAra ke liye aura pravacana pracAra ke liye na kiyA jAya aura mAtra kisI eka vyakti yA samAja ke vilAsArtha hI usakA upayoga kiyA jAya yA usa dhana kA vyavasthApaka svecchApUrvaka usakA upayoga kare to vaha upayoga karane vAlA aprAmANika, duSTa aura naraka ke duHkhakA hissedAra hotA haiM itanA hI nahI balki yadi usa pavitra dravya ko aneka / avihitta upayose baDhAyA jAya to vaha baDhAne vAlA bhI utane hI aparAdha kA pAtra banatA hai, ata usa zAzvatadravya, nidhidravya, jinadravya, yA maMgaladravya kA upayoga aise mArga me karanA cAhiye jisase usakI jJAnadarzana prabhAvakatA eva pravacana prabhAvakatA saphala ho| usa vizuddha dravya kA darupayoga hotA dekhakara jo manuSya usake rokane kA prayatna na kare use bhI papiSTa kI koTi meM rakkhA hai| isa prakAra devadravya bhojI ca tyavAsiyo ko haTAne ke liye haribhadrasUrijI ne bahu kucha likhA hai / parantu unhone aisA kahI nahI likhA ki yadi usa upayoga jJAnapracAra, pravacana pracAra aurA samyaktvakI vRddhi ke liye yA sagha ke hitArtha kiyA jAya to vaha upayoga karane vAlA pApI yA naraka gAmI banatA hai| pratyuta unhone isa dravya ko jJAnadarzana prabhAvaka aura pravacana vRddhi kAraka ke vizeSaNa dekara una mArgoM meM usakA upayoga karanA suvihita vihita batalAyA hai, yAne ziSTasammata darzAyA hai| phira bhI yadi hama kadAgraha yA * 1 "jiNavara ANA rahiya baddharatA vi kevi jiNadavva / buDato bhavasamudre mUDhA mohaNa annaNI / / 102 / / pR0 4 88

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svacchaMdatA se unakI AjJA na mAne aura svacchaMda bartAva kareM to hama apane sivA aura kise dUSita gina sakate hai? unake pUrvokta ullekho se yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya dono pakSo ne zAzvatadravya yA jina dravva zabda kI vyAkhyA apane 2 bacAva ke liye judI 2 kI thii| eka pakSa meM saMkucita aura dUsare ne vizAla kI thii| caityavAsa kI himAyata karane vAle pakSa ne kahA ki yaha jinadravya hamArI paitrika sampatti hai, hama hI isake vArisa haiN| hama svaya hI deva, devamUrti, devamaMdira aura deva pravacana kI tamAma vyavasthA karate hai ataH hamAre sivA anya koI bhI isa dravya kA upayogI nahI kara sktaa| dUsare nirIha aura zAsana hitaiSI pakSa ne kahA ki yaha sAdhuoM kA AcAra nahI hai ki ve dravya kA sparza bhI kara sake yA maMdiroM kI vyavasthA kre| unake pAsa yA unake adhikAra me jo dravya hai vaha maMgaladravya, jinadravya, zAzvata dravya aura nidhidravya hai. isa liye usakA upayoga koI eka vyakti yA samaSTi atane nirvAha yA vilAsa ke liye kadApi nahIM kara sktaa| usakA upayoga to aise kAryoM me karanA cAhiye jina kayoM se jina pravacana kI vRddhi, sarvajJa ke jJAna kA pracAra ho tathA jaina dharma kI ora sarvasAdhAraNa janatA kI vizeSa pravRtti ho, arthAt jaina sagha ke hitArtha hI usa dravya kA vayaya honA ucita hai, yaha bAta sarvathA prAmANika, zAstra se abAdhita aura vihita vihita hai| mujhe khedapUrvaka likhanA paDatA hai ki vartamAna samaya me yaha sthiti to dUra rahI parantu vaha pavitra nidhidravya jo sahita ke liye niyojita kiyA gayA hai usakA upayoga mAtra eka sakacita kSetra me hI ho rahA hai, parantu isa me usa dravya ke vyavasthApako kI hI svacchadatA kAraNa hai| vyavasthApako kA usa dravya para mamatva hone se use ve apane bApa kI pUjI samajha baiThe haiM, isI kAraNa anya dhArmika kSetro (jina kSetro kI paSTi kI vartamAna kAla me vizeSa AvazyakatA hai) ke liye vaha dravya zUdra ke samAna aspRzyasA ho gayA hai aura poSaNa na milane se ve kSetra pratidina sakhate jA rahe haiN| Adhunika kAla me jina kAraNo se uma dravya kI vRddhi ho rahI hai una me se bahuta se kAraNa to sarvathA avihita haiM aura ktineka kAraNa aise hai jina para vicAra karane se hasI AtI hai| vyavasthApako kI mamatva pUrNa mattA se usa dravya kA upayoga hisA ke mUla haiM aura uname saTTe jaise jabe kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| jina pravRtti kA zrIjinabhagavAna ne niSedha kiyA ho usake dvArA jina dravya kI vRddhi karanA yA usame jinadravya kA upayoga karanA yaha zrI jina bhagavAna ke anuyAyiyoM ko kitanA adhika zobhatA hai!!! yaha bAta unake jaina nAmako kitanA sArthaka karatI hai!!! mAnalo ki yadi hamAre pUjya deva zrImahAvIra bhagavAna Aja 89

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vidyamAna hote to Ajakala ke kaTTara bhakta avazya una para dravya car3hAte, unheM suvarNa aura cAMdI ke phUlo se pUjate aura isa prakAra unake pAsa atula dhana kA Dhera laga jAtA, to kyA usa dhana ko vaha nagnadeva apane sAtha uThAye phirate yA use apanI mAlakIyatakA samajhakara kisI gRhastha ke vahA apane nAma se jamA karate ? maiM isa prazna kA uttara nakAra me samajha kara itanA kahatA hU~ ki usa dravya kA upayoga bhagavAna ke nAma se calanevAle mahAvIra vidyAlaya jaise samAjopayogI kArya me hotA aura so bhI unake ye hI bhakta krte| isa taraha karane meM, jinadravya ke sakucita artha kI bhI koI bAdhA nahIM dekha pdd'tii| parantu vicAra zUnyatA ke kAraNa usa jinadravya yA devadravya ke vyavasthApaka azAstrIya lakIra ke phakora banakara vartamAna samaya me usa pavitra dravya kA (jo Aja karoDo kI sakhyA me vidyamAna hai aura jisake kharca se zikSaNa pracAra dvArA sAre jaina samAja kA kalyANa ho sakatA hai) jinAjJAvirUddha hisAAjanaka mile jaise yAMtrika kAryoM meM upayoga kiyA jAtA hai, kyA yaha kisI vicAraka jena ke liye daHkhaprada bAta nahIM hai? 16 vI aura 19 vI zatAbdI granthakAro ke aura vartamAna AcAryoM eva muniyo ne isa devadravya ko bhagavAna zrImahAvIra ke nAma para caDhA kara yahA taka likha mArA hai ki- "bhakkhaNe deva -dabbasya + + +sattamaniraya jati mattavArA ho / goyamA!" arthAt mAno bhagavAna mahAvIra kahate hai ki "he gautama / devadravya ko khAne vAlA sAta daphA sAtavI naraka meM jAtA hai, isa liye kisI ne devadravya na khAnA" merI mAnyatAnusAra yaha niSedha vAkya haribhadrasUrijI ke viSedha se milatA huA hI hai aura caityavAsiyo ke paramparAgata saMskAro ko nAza karane ke liye hI yaha niSedha vAkya likhA gayA hai| isa bAta ko maiM bhI durUpayoga na kiyA jAya, use curAyA na jAya, apramANika rAtyA na kharca diyA jAya yA nikamme kAmo me na uDA diyA jAya isI kAraNa yaha niSedha kiyA gayA hai| parantu jJAnadarzana aura pravacana kI vRddhi ke liye yA unake uddhAra ke liye isa dravya kA upayoga kiyA jAya aura usake dvArA saghake durbala ago ko puSTa banAyA jAya to usa pravRtti ke sAmane koI zAstra yA sUri pramANika rIti se niSedha nahI kara sktaa| jinadravya ke samartha zrIharibhadrasUri udghoSaNA pUrvaka vihita karate haiM tadanusAra jJAna prabhAvaka, darzana prabhAvaka aura pravacana vRddhi kara usa maMgala dravya, zAzvatadravya, nidhidravya yA jinadravya kA usake vizeSaNo ke anusAra upayoga kiyA jAya to isame jarA bhI apramANikatA nahI, lezamAtra azAstrIyatA nahI aura kaNamAtra dUSaNa bhI nahI hai| isa prakAra kI vastu 90

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sthiti hone para bhI yadi hama * apane kalpita kiye huye aura bhagavAna zrImahAvIra ke nAma para Aropita kiye huye jinadravya zabda ko aura usake ayukta saMkucita artha ko hI pakar3akara apane Agraha, svacchada eva sattA kA poSaNa kareM tathA bartamAna samaya me kSINa hote huye kSetroM kI upekSA kareM to saptavArA ho / goyamA, ! ullekha hamAre sivA aura kisa bhadrapurUSa ko saMghaTita ho sakatA hai !!! Aja se kucha varSa pahale zrImAn kuMvara jI bhAI ne apane likhe huye devadravya nAmaka nibandha me uparokta bAta ko bilkula spaSTatApUrvaka puSTa kI hai| unhone likhA hai ki "zrAddhavidhi tathA yogazAstra dIpikA Adi aneka granthoM kahA hai ki puNyavanta zrAvako ko cAhiye ki ve puNya dharma kI vRddhi ke liye tathA zAsana ke udyotake nimitta jinamandira, dharmazAlAye, poSadhalAyo, upAzraya, jJAnake bhaNDAra, prabhuke AbhUSaNa, prabhuke padharAne ke ratha, pAlikiye, indradhvajAye, cAmara, caitya ke upakaraNa, tathA jJAnake upakaraNa vagairaha aneka vastu apane dravya se athavA prayAsa se niSpanna huye devdavya se banA banAkara una sAhityo se zAsana kI unnati karake bAdame bAda me unakI vyavasthA detI rahe vaisA vandovasta karake athavA kucha dravya kI AmadanI karake zrIsaMgha ko sAra sabhAla karane ko sauMpa deM" (devadravya pR0 5) jaba isa ullekha dvArA devadravya ke kharca se jJAna ke upakaraNa banAne kI anumati dI gaI hai to vartamAna kAla meM samAja me zikSaNa kA pracAra karane ke liye hama usI dravya se rASTrIya pAThazAlAye, rASTrIya mahAvidyAlaya aura rASTrIya vizvavidyAlaya sthApita kare tathA usake sAdhana chAtrAlayo, chAtra vRttiyo aura pustakAlayo me usa dravya kA vyaya kare eva taduparAnta sagharakSA ke * mUlabhUta saMgha ke svAsthyakI rakSArtha usa dravya dvArA jagaha 2 brahmacaryAzrama, auSadhAlaya, vyAzamazAlAyeM sthApita kare to isame kaunasA zAstra niSedha karatA hai? merI mAnyatAnusAra to isa pravRtti meM hamAre kulagurUo eva vyavasthApako kI kadAgraha - sattA aura svacchandatA ke sivA anya koI bhI roDA nahI attkaataa| laMbe samaya se Ajataka hamAre darzana (samyattava ) kI zuddhi aura vRddhi ke nimitta usa mArga meM bahuta sA dhana kharca huA aura usakA pAnI samAn amaryAda upayoga kiyA gayA hai, yadi aba se eka sau varSa taka bhI hama usa mArga *na hu devANa vi davva sagavimukkANa jujjae kimavi / niyasevagabuddhIe kappiya devadavva ta / / (90) sabodhapra0 pR0 4 91

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meM vyapana kareM tathApi usa kSetra meM kucha hAni hone kA saMbhava nahIM hai| phira bhI isa kSetra ke viSaya meM maiM itanA to jarUra kahU~gA ki jo jIrNa jinAlaya hoM yA apUrNa hoM una saba ko sudharavAne ke liye eva pUrNa karane ke liye isa dravya kA maryAdita upayoga honA Avazyaka hai| __ isa prakAra me buddha ke madhyama mArga ke asara se prApta huye jainamadhyama mArga kA itihAsa dekara usake prAraMbhika sUriyoM kI akiMcanatA batalA kara, una sariyo kI prajA kI akicanatA aura lokahitArtha dhanagrAhita eva isa madde me usa samaya ke bAda kI sAdhu prajA kI dhana lolupatA aura svacchadatA batalA cukA huuN| usa dhanalolupa caityavAsI prajAne usa dravya ke zAzvata dravya, jinadravya, maMgaladravya aura nidhidravya jaise vizAla arthavAle ziSTa sammata nAmoM para har3atAla phera kara apane bacAva ke liye unakA saMkucita artha upasthita kara samAja ko bhrama me DAlane kI bAta bhI spaSTatayA vidita kara dI gaI hai| yaha bAta bhI pragaTa ho gaI hai ki AcArya zrIharibhadrasari ne una nAmo ko jJAna darzana prabhAvaka aura pravacana vRddhikAraka ke vizeSaNa dekara una saba kA vizAla artha tAjA karake aura usa artha ko hI sAmane rakhakara caityavAsiyo kI khuba maTTI palIda kI hai| usa samaya ke pIche ke sAhitya me jo bhakkhaNe devadravyabassa kA ullekha milatA hai usakA asalI bhAva bhI Upara batalA diyA gayA hai| ina saba bAto kA sAra yaha nikalatA hai ki vartamAna me mAtra hamAre Agraha eva vivekase hI hama ina saba sarala aura ziSTa ullekho kA ulaTA tathA aziSTa artha karake unhe vikRta karate haiM aura aisA karake hama mAdhana hone para bhI pAde kaThAra kI pravRtti me lIna ho rahe hai| isa prakAra maiMne yathAmati martivAda aura devadravyavAda, jina ke vidhAna kI ba taka bhI aga grantho me nahI milatI unhe sUtra pIche ke sAhitya ke pramANo kI aura usa samaya ke upalabdha itihAsa kI sahAya se Apake samakSa carcAspada rIti se upasthita kiye haiN| aba maiM anta me tatva grAma yA tatva parIkSya vivekibhi kaha kara isa dvitIya mudde ko yahA hI samApta karatA hU~?

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jaina kathAnuyoga / prArabha me kI huI apanI sUcanA ke anusAra aba yahA para mujhe caithe Agama-vAcana vAda kA prAraMbha karanA caahiye| parantu Apa ko smaraNa hogA ki isase pahale maiMne jaina kathAnuyoga aura zvetAmbara digambara mUrtivAda kI bhI samAlocanA karane kA vacana diyA thA, tadanusAra usa sambandha me kucha likhakara prastuta mudde ko banate taka zIghratA se Apa ko samakSa rakhane kI vismRti na karU~gA | jaina kathAnuyoga kI samAlocanA karanA yaha eka imalI ke patte ginane ke samAna dIrgha sUtrI kArya hai, parantu sthAlI pulAka nyAya se cAhe jaise dIrghakAya pustaka yA sAhitya kI bhI samAlocanA ho sakatI hai aura samAlocaka samAja me usa taraha kI pravRtti bhI prAmANi mAnI jAtI hai, ata maiM bhI pUrvokta nyAya kA anusaraNa karake prastuta samAlocanA kA utkrama karatA hU~ / jaina kathAnuyoga me AnevAle vRttAnto ke mukhya do prakAra haiN| eka carita vibhAga aura dUsarA kalpita vibhaag| una meM jo caritra vibhAga hai usake sambandha me mujhe khedapUrvaka likhanA paDatA hai ki usa vibhAga me caritatA bahuta hI kama najara AtI hai, parantu paurANikatA kI mAtrA itane adhika pramANo me bar3ha gaI hai- baDhAdI gaI hai ki jisase use aba carita vibhAga kA nAma denA bhI kaThina pratIta hotA hai| usa vibhAga me atizayokti to itanI kI gaI hai| ki jisakI maryAdA bhI kAyama na rahane se vaha alakAra rUpa me nahI ghaTa sakatI / bhagavatI sUtra me jahA para kisI kI dIkSAkA varNana AtA hai vahA vaha dIkSita hone vAlA rAjA ho yA raka, brAhmaNa ho yA vaizya parantu una saba ke liye eka samAna aura eka sAtha tInalAkha (rupaye ( kA kharca batalAyA hai, yAne dIkSA lenevAle ko dIkSA lene ko denA cAhiye, eka lAkha kA rajoharaNa lenA cAhiye aura eka lAkha kA pAtra lenA caahiye| yaha ullekha jitanA maryAdA virUddha hai utanA hI zAstra virUddha hai| kadAcit kisI dhanavAna ne dIkSA lete samaya kSaura karanevAle nApita ko eka lAkha kA inAma diyA ho yaha sambhava ho 'sakatA hai, parantu eka lAkha kA rajoharaNa aura eka lAkha kA pAtra kisa taraha saMbhavita ho sakatA hai? yadi kadAcit yaha kahA jAya ki hIrA ratnajar3ita rajoharaNa tathA vaisA hI pAtra liyA jAya to yaha bAta saghaTita ho sakatI hai, parantu aisA karate huye dIkSA lenevAlA dIkSA lete hI jinAjJA kA lopa karatA hai / yadi use hIrA aura ratna rakhane ho to nirgrantha banane kA koI kAraNa hI 93

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nahI rhtaa| hIrA aura ratna rakhane se nirgrantha kI nirgranthatA para pAnI phira jAtA hai| sUtroM meM Aye huye carita vibhAga meM aise atizayokti pUrNa varNana sUtra ke mUla mudde ko hAni pahu~cAte haiN| aise varNanoM se hamArA kathAnuyoga kaisA zobhatA hai isa para vicAra karake pAThaka svaya hI nyAya kreN| bhagavAna vardhamAna ke liye likhA gayA hai ki unhone dIkSA lI taba unake pAsa indra kA diyA huA devadRSya thA, jisakA mUlya bAda me lAkha svarNamoharo jitanA mAnA gayA thaa| yahAM para maiM prazna karatA hU~ ki nirgranthoM ke nAmaka aura kaThina tyAga ke pravartana bhagavAna vardhamAna, jinake mukhyaziSya sudhA ne unake nAma se jambU ko yaha sadeza diyA thA ki bhagavAna vardhamAna ne phaTA TUTA aura utArA huA vastra vaha bhI kAraNa par3ane para hI rakhane kI anumati darzAI hai aise samartha tyAgI jJAtapatra ke jIvana me yaha devadRSya vAlI bAta sagata ho sakatI hai? mAnalo ki ve usa vastra ko amarjAbhAva se rakhate the, parantu Upara kathana kI haI anumati ke darzAnevAlA sparza bhI kisa taraha aura kisa kAraNa se kara sakatA hai? vartamAna samaya meM bhagavAna vardhamAna jaise asahakArake prabala pravartaka mahAtmA gAdhI yadi amaka kAraNaparvaka aura prajA ke hita ke bahAne se sarakAra ke sAtha sahakAra kare aura dUsaro ko amahAkAra kA upadeza de yaha bAta jitanI sagata yA asagata mAlUma detI hai utanI hI bhagavAna vardhamAna ke lAkha suvarNamoharo ke vastravAlI bAta bhI magata yA amagata mAlUma hotI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne rAjapiDa yA devapiDa muniyo ke liye niSedha kiyA hai, parantu isa jagaha to ve devapiDa ke niSedhaka bhagavAna vardhamAna svaya hI lAkha svarNamoharoM ke mUlyavAle devadRSya ko grahaNa karate hai yaha kaisI sagata aura suzobhita ghaTanA hai? isa bAta para pAThaka svaya hI vicAra kara le| niSedhaka svaya jisa niSedha kA anusaraNa na karatA ho aura niSedhAjJA ko prAcArita karanA icchatA ho usakA bartAva manasi anyat vacasi anyat-arthAt mana me kacha aura vacana me kacha aura jaisA mAnA jAtA hai| isa taraha ke mAtra jabAna se kahane vAle niSedhako ko Aja koI bAta taka nahI pUchatA aura na hI unake jIvana kI kucha kImata hai| hamAre granthakAro ne aise 2 aneka bAte likhakara kitanI eka jagaha to purANo ko bhI mAta kara diyA hai| aisA karake jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA kI hai| kaisI sandara prabhAvanA aura kaisA mandara usakA upAya!!! kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba dezanA dete taba devatAoM ke dvArA tIna kile-gaDha race jAte the| vaha bhI pASANa ke nahI balki cAdI svarNa aura ratno ke hote the| kaisI vicitra bAta hai ki eka nirgrantha ko sAdI aura satya bAta kahane ke liye sUtro me jagaha 2 para varNita zilApaTTa yA 15

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vRkSa kI chAyA paryApta hai, parantu aisI sAdI prathA ko pasaMda na karane vAle hamAre granthakAro ne usake badale cAdI, sone aura ratnoM ke tigaDe kI racanA karane meM kaisI kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai !!! mujhe to yaha eka bilkula vicitra bAta mAlUma detI hai ki upadezaka bhI kile meM ghusakara upadeza dene hoMge yA unheM kisI ke Dara se kile me baiThakara upadeza denA paDatA hogA? isa prakAra upadeza aura kiloM ke bIca kisI taraha kA sambandha na hone para bhI unhoMne upadeza ke samaya jo tIna kile, kitanI eka vApikAye bAvaDiyA evaM kitaneka nATaka bhI banA diye haiM aura khuda bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bhI caturmukha banA diyA hai, unakI isa zilpakalA ke sAmane vizvakarmA ko bhI zarmAnA paDA hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa the isa bAta ko hama saba mAnate haiM, isase hama unakI sarvajJatA kA lAbha lekara apane mAne huye aura prasAdya puruSoM ke nAmollekha unake mukha se banAvaTI rIti se karAve yaha kitanA anucita kArya hai aura bhagavAna mahArIra kI AzAvanA karane vAlA hai isa bAta kA vicAra vicAraka svaya kara sakate haiN| maiM yaha kahU~ ki usa mahApurUSa ne apane pavitra mukha se mere pitA kA jIvana caritra kathana kiyA thaa| Apa kahe ki mahAvIra ne bhI hamAre sage-sambandhiyo ko yAda kiyA thA to kyA yaha saba kucha asaMbhavita aura niSedhya nahI hai? isa taraha kI nirmUla bAte hamArI mUrkhatA kA hI paricaya detI haiN| zrImacadrasUri ne apane banAye huye vIra caritra me bhagavAna vardhamAna ke mukha se rAjA / kumAra pAlakI prazaMsA karA kara use khuza karane kA jo lAhA liyA hai vaha Upara likhI huI prazamAse kucha kama nahI hai / isa prakAra ke aneka kalpita ullekho se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caritra kI aitihAsikatA me kitanI adhika kSati AI hai? isa kA javAba eka itihAsajJa vicAraka ke sivA anya kauna de sakatA hai? mahAvIra kA mAhAtmya baDhAne ke yile unakI nagnatA ke badale vastratA kahe tathA suvarNa, maNi aura hIrA javAharAta ke tigaDe se hI yA deva deviyo kI dauDadhUpa se hI unake mAhAtmya kA utkarSa honA samajhe to mAhAtmya ko samajhane kA yaha prakAra sarvathA anucita aura viparIta hai, eva ADambarI sAmagrI dvArA eka parama tyAgI yIgI kI parIkSA karane ke samAna * hAsyAspada hai| isake uparAnta aisI anya bhI bahuta-sI bAte haiM jina se hamArA jo caritra vibhAga aitisAsika ginA jAtA hai vaha bhI purANa jaisA ho gayA hai yaha kucha kama kheda kI bAta nahI hai| yahA para mai prakRta viSaya kA mAtra eka hI udAharaNa dekara aba kalpita kathAo kI ora Apa kA dhyAna khIcU~gA / vIracaritra meM AI huI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se kumAra pAlakI prazasAvalI bAta mAtra hemacandrasUri racita bIracaritra me hI milatI hai ataeva use maiM kalpita mAnatA huuN| * "devAgama nabhoyAna- cAmarAdivibhUtaya / mAyAviSvapi dRzyante nA'tastvarmAsa no mahAn" / / CC

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eka jagaha indra kI usa Rti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai ji Rti ko lekara vaha rAjA dazArNa ke samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vandana karane AyA thaa| vahAM para batalAyA hai ki usa indra ke 64000 (1) hAthI the, pratyeka hAthI ke ATha 2 daoNda the, pratyeka dA~da para ATha 2 vApikAye thI, pratyeka vApikAme ATha 2 kamala the, jitane kamala the utane hI pramANa me unakI karNikAye thIM, pratyeka karNikA para eka 2 prAsAda idrAniyo ke sAtha eka 2 iMdra baiThA thA aura usa pratyeka idra ke sAmane battIsa prakAra kA nATaka ho rahA thA, jisa meM eka sau ATha devakumAra aura eka sau ATha deva kanyAyeM pArTa karatI thIM abhinaya karatI thii| (dekho - vRddha RSimaDalastava, AvazyakacUrNi aura zrAddhavidhi pR0 5052) / isa varNana ke sAmane to purANa ke varNana bhI phIke mAlUma dete haiN| isame hAthI ke dA~to para pAnI kI vApikAye hone kA jo ullekha kiyA hai vaha to sarvathA hI asat me sat karane jaisA, zilApara kamala jamAne ke samAna aura deza, kAla zAstra eva rUDhI virUddha hai| usame mukha vagairaha kI anyAnya sakhyA me bhI vicAraNIya haiN| parantu yaha to kalpanA kA viSaya hone se kadAcit amaryAdita atizayokti meM samAviSTa ho sakatA hai, kintu dA~to para jalavApikAo kA honA to bilkula ThaDe pahara kI gappa mAlUma hotI hai| vartamAna samaya meM isa prakAra kI aneka kathAo dvArA upAzrayo me baiThakara rezamI, khIna - khAba aura jarI ke tigaDe me pATa para virAjamAna hokara hamAre kula zrotAoM ko rajita kara rahe haiM, yaha dekhakara mujhe to caupAla me baiThakara aphIma kisAno ke sAmane gappe mArate aura hU~kAra karate cAraNo kI smRti A jAtI hai| Azcarya to yaha hotA hai ki vyApAravidyA me atinipaNa vaNika samudAya binA vicAra kiye dhanvANI aura tahata vacana kI garjanAye kisa taraha karanA hogA? puNyavapAka aura pApavipAka kI kathAoM evaM anya kathAo ke adhika vibhAga meM maine aise 2 aneka varNana dekhe hai, isase ina kathAo ko isa varNana se utaratI kaise kahA jAya? jisa sAhitya me carita vibhAga bhI paurANika svarUpa kI sthiti bhogatA ho usake kalpita katha vibhAga kA to kahanA hI kyA hai / " kalpita kathAo meM unake racanevAlo ne sAhityazAstro kI maryAdA aura kAryakAraNa kI vyavasthA kA bhI pUrA khyAla nahI rkkhaa| ve kahate hai ki jo parigraha kA parimANa karatA hai vaha atula dhana sampatti ke parigraha kA bhogI banegA, mAdhuo ko dAna dene se dAna dene vAlA cakravartI jaisA samrATa hogaa| jo yahA para brahmacarya pAlana karegA vaha phira hajAro deviyo kA cira sagI bnegaa| ina bAto para yadi Apa vicAra karege to mAlUma 96

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hogA ki jo heturUpa padArtha haiM una donoM ke bIca kitanA adhika virodha rahA huA hai| parigraha ke anicchaka ko atula dhana sampatti kisa taraha mila sakatI hai? dAna dene vAlA cakravartI samrATa kisa taraha bane? aura brahmacarya kA saMskArI sadharA huA vyabhicArI kaise bana sakatA hai? isa taraha kI asaMgatiyoM ke uparAnta kitanI eka aisI kalpita kathAyeM bhI ghar3I gaI haiM ki jina se vizeSataH saMskAro aura manovRtti para AdhArita karmabandha kI vyavasthA ko bhI baDA bhArI dhakkA pahuca hai| kuvara jI bhAI ke devadravya nAmaka nibandha me Apa aisI aneka kathAyeM dekha sakate haiM jisa se uparokta bAta bhalI bhA~ti dhyAna meM A sakatI hai (dekho RSabhadatta kI kathA pR0 11) isa kathA ke mAlika ne svakArya meM vyagra hone se devadravya se lagatI vismRti kI thI isase usa becAre ko bhaiMse kI yoni me bheja diyaa| mujhe to yaha mAlama hai ki "mAyA tairyagyonasya," arthAt tiryaMcatA kA hetu dambha hai| yahA para to kathA karAne vismRti ke pariNAma meM RSabhadattazeTha ko bhaiMsA banAyA hai, parantu usane jo paridhApanikA udhAra lekara jina pUjA kI thI usake pariNAma meM usakI indroM se pUja na karAI, yaha vadato vyAdhAta , jaisI bAta hai| aba sAgarazeTha kI kathA kA bhI namUnA dekhiye, pR013| isa kathA me sAgarazeTha ne caityadravya se caitya ke kArIgaro me vyApAra kiyA thA, usa vyApAra se usane mAtra 12 / / rupaye kA naphA liyA thA, usake pariNAma me use jalacara honA paDA, 6 mahIne taka vajra kI cakkI me pisanA paDA, phira tIsarI naraka me gayA, maccha banA, cauthI naraka me gayA, pahalI naraka se lekara sAtavI naraka taka aneka bAra gayA, phira hajAra daphA sUvara, hajAra daphA bakarA, hajAra daphA hariNa, hajAra daphA kharagoza, bArahasIgA, gIdaDa, bilAva, cahA, nyaula, chapakI, goya, sarpa, biccha, kamI, pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAya, vRkSa, zakha, jokha, kIDA, kakkhI, bhramara, macchara, kachuA, rAsabha, bhaiMsA, aSTApada, khaccara, ghoDA, hAthI, vyAghra, aura siMha vagairaha kI yoni me usane hajAra 2 bAra janma dhAraNa kiye itanA hI nahI balki kathAkArane to usake sira para isase bhI vizeSa durdazA kA pahADa rakha diyA hai| merI mAnyatAnusAra usa sAgarazeTha ne caitya kI jo avaitanika sevA kI thI usake badale me kathAkArI kI dRSTi se vaha avazya divya purUSa honA cAhiye thA, parantu kathA me isa viSaya kA izArA taka bhI nahI kiyA!! maiM mAnatA hU~ ki anyAya karanevAlA daNDa kA pAtra avazya hai parantu vaha daNDa anyAya ke pramANa me hI ucita hotA hai| Upara batalAye huye sAgarazeTha kA nyAya karanevAlI phaujadArI korTa, usakA nyAyadhIza aura usakI dhArA sabhA mujhe mAnuSika nahI pratIta 47

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hotii| aura bhI dekhiye zreSThikathA pR0 22 / isa kathA meM kathAkArane kathAgatazeTha kA kucha vicitra hI citra dakhI karane ke liye zeTha ke cine jAte huye eka ghara meM je maMdira kI IMTakA TukaDA vaha bhI kisI ko mAlUma na ho isa rIti se dIvAra me cina diyaa| isa kAma ke pariNAma me isa bAta ko na jAnanevAlA aura na karanevAlA bhI zeTha usa ghara meM rahane se nirdhana ho gyaa| isa kathA me to kathAjoDanevAle ne koI navIna hI kalama-kAnUna lagAI hai jisase aparAdhI to mukta huA aparAdha na karane vAlA aura usa bAta ko na jAnanevAlA sarvathA rinaparAdhI daNDakA zikAra bana gyaa| dhanya hai kathAkAra kI caturAI ko!!! isa kathA ko akRtAgama ke bhayakara dUSaNa ko bhI nahI smjhaa| kaisA sandara nyAya? isa sambandha me maiM jyo 2 vizeSa likhatI hU~ tyo 2 majhe adhika kheda hotA hai ki zrIyat bhAI motIcanda solIsITara kApaDiyA jo purANo kA upahAsa karate he vahI sajjana purANo ko bhI pIche haTAnevAlI' aisI nirmala kathAoM ko Adarza kathA kisa taraha mAnate hoge? ___ maiM yahA para aisI kitanI kathAo kA ullekha karU, jahA para thoDe se apavAdo ko choDakara isI prakAra kI kathAo kA baDA sAgara uchalatA ho vahA para ucitAncita kA patA hI kahA laga sakatA hai? jina pAThako ko aisI kathAo ko dekhane kI icchA ho unheM paumacaryaya, vijayacanda kevalI caritra, zrAddhavidhi, upadeza saptati dravyasaptati aura zrIpAlarAsa ityAdi malagrantha yA unake bhASAntara dekhalene cAhiye aura unhe par3hebAda yadi pAThako ko yaha mAlUma ho ki maiMne jo kahA hai vaha asatya hai to usa viSaya me mujhe likhane kI kRpA kre| kathAoM kI bAta to dUra rahI kintu kitaneka aise grantha bhI race gaye haiM aura unhe una granthakAro ne sIdhA zrIvardhamAna ke nAma para hI car3hA diyA hai| paumacarya ke kartAne apane race haye paumacarya ko bhI bhagavAna vardhamAna ke nAma para paTaka diyA hai| bhagvAtI satra ko sakalita karane vAle ne apanI sakalanA ko zrIvardhamAna aura *gautama ke praznottara me sakalita kiyA hai!! vasudevahiNDi ke jauDanevAle ne apanI jor3a ko sudharmA aura vardhamAna ke samaya kI batalAI hai? vardhamAna dezanAke racayitA ne apanI mana pUta dezanA kA vardhamAna dezanA nAma rakkhA hai!' isa taraha kI rIti kA aneka grantho me anasaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura vaha Ajataka ke grantho me bhI kiyA jAtA hai| solahavI zatAbdI me hone vAle ratnazekharasari ne apane banAye huye zrAddhavidhi * samavAyAga aura nadIsUtra me bhagavatI sUtra ke viSaya kA varNana diyA hai, usa me zrIvardhamAna aura gautama ke praznottaro ke ullekha kI gadhataka nahI hai| 48

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prakaraNa meM likhA hai ki zrIvardhamAna ne abhayakamAra ke praznoM kA uttara diye the unakA maiM isa zrAddhavidhi nAmaka grantha meM saMgraha karatA hai! kahAM to do haz2Ara varSa pahile ke zrIvardhamAna aura abhayakumAra? aura kahAM yaha parasoM honevAle ratnazekharasUri? tathApi kadAcit kisI vidyA ke bala se ve siddhazilAtaka (2) paha~ce hoM aura vahAM para virAjamAna zrIvardhamAna aura abhayakumAra ko pUchakara unhoMne yaha grantha banAyA ho to yaha aise mahApurUSo ke liye sambhavita hai|!!! isa taraha ke aneka grantha, gAthAye aura Aja kala to dohataka dhaDane vAle vartamAna samaya me zrIvardhamAna ke hI nAma se kamA khAte hai| tathApi hama zrIvardhamAna ke kitane adhika bhakta bana gaye haiM ki kisI kI bhI dhar3anta me zrIvardhamAna kA nAma Ate hI viveka ko bhI eka tarapha rakhakara hAMjI hAM kaha kara apanA hI ahita karate haiN| hamAre carita vibhAga aura kalpita kathA vibhAga kI sthiti itanI adhika kharAba hai ki yadi usakA pRthakkaraNa nahI kiyA gayA aura kalpita kathAo ko buddha kI jAtaka kathAoM ke samAna mAnuSika rIti se sambhavita sAce meM DhAlA gayA ho kucha samaya ke bAda use koI saMghane taka kI bhI parvAha na kregaa| aba adhazraddhA kA samaya bahuta vyatIta ho cukA hai| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki gahilabhakti ke Aveza se hama bhayaMkara anartho ko kara DAlate haiM aura isI kAraNa hama deva, indra zakra, zatakrata, paradara, maghavA, merU aura zacI vagairaha ke mUla aura mukhya aA~ taka na pahu~ca kara usake paurANika rUpa apane sAhitya me milAkara sAhitya ko vikRta kara rahe haiM, evaM pUrva ke kathAkAro ne bhI isI kAraNa isa taraha kA vikAra paidAkara sAhitya ko bikArita karane me kucha kacAsa nahI rkkhii| una kathAkAro kA eka hI uddezya thA ki kathAoM me cAhe jaise bhayakara bhaya aura baDI 2 udhArarUpa lAlace dikhalA kara logoM ko sanmArga para lAnA, kevala isI dhuna meM unhone mAtra prANoM kI rIti kA anusaraNa karake aura sAhitya zAstra, tathA dharmazAstra, eva kAlpanika viSaya kI maryAdA kA lopa hone taka bhI pIche phirakara na dekhaa| isase unake sadudeza ke badale vartamAna me aisA vicitra pariNAma upasthita huA hai ki nagada dharma ko chor3akara manuSya udhAra dharma ke patha me paDakara dina pritidina adha sthiti prApta karate jA rahe haiM aura hamArA yaha adha pAta kahA jAkara aTakegA yaha bhI mAlUma nahIM hotaa| basa isa viSaya meM isase adhika kalama calAkara maiM Apa ko kaSTa denA nahIM caahtaa| ___ maiM pahale kaha cakA hai ki hamAre kalagarUo ne kitaneka apane bhItarI matabheda gRhasthiyoM meM bhI ghusA diye hai, gRhasthiyo ko bhI unhoMne apane jaisA kalahI banA kara apane gurUdharma kA kartavya pAlana karane meM jarA bhI truTi nahIM 11

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rkkhii| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki caityavAsa huye bAda muniyo antima tIna cAra uddhAra huye haiM tathApi ve abhI taka apane mUlamArga para Aye huye mAlUma nahIM dete, turantu dhIre 2 nimnagA ke samAna ve nimna pravAha meM hI bahe jA rahe haiM aura kitane eka jhagaDe zrIvardhamAna ke nAma para car3hAkara hameM bharamA rahe haiM / cautha ke zaukIna bhakta kahate haiM bhagavAna vardhamAna svayaM kathana kara gaye hai ki mere bAda amuka varSa me kAlaka sUri hoMge aura paMcamI kI cautha kareMge ataH caitha ko chor3akara bhagavAna kI AjJA bhaMga na karanI caahiye| paMcamI ke zaukIna bhakta kahate haiM ki prathama se to paMcamI hI thI ata pacamI ko hI mAnanA caahiye| yadi isa vivAda ke liye itihAsa kI rAya lI jAya to vaha spaSTatayA jAhira karatA hai ki isa viSaya meM jo paramayogI vardhamAna kA nAma liyA jAtA hai vaha sarvathA nirmUla bAta hai aura yaha mAtra apane pakSa ko mahAn purUSa ke nAma para car3hAkara kamAkhAne kI kalAke sivA anya kucha bhI nahI hai / vediko kA yaha purAne meM purAnA RSi macamI kA tyauhAra hai| usa tyauhAra ke utsava ke anusAra jainiyoM ne bhI muniyoM kI sthAyisthiti ke ( cAturmAsika sthiti ke ) prAraMbha kAla kI nizcita maryAdA batalAne ke liye use parvadivasa rUpa se mAnA huA hai ataH itihAsa to rUDha paramparAkI darakAra na karake pacamI ke parva ko svIkArane me hI apanI prAmANikatA samajhatA hai| eka yaha bhI bAta hai| ki jisa kAraNa se pacamI kI cautha kI gaI thI aba vaha kAraNa prativarSa nahI hotA, isase kisI majabUta kAraNa sivA pacamI kI prAcIna paramparA kA lopa karanA yaha bhI eka prakAra kA maryAdA bhajaka Agraha hai / digambara sapradAya bhI apane isa parva ko pacamI se prArambha karake isI bAta kI puSTi karatA hai| tathApi kadAcit isa yuga ke bandhu (sAdhu aura zrAvaka ) isa spaSTa eva sAde satya kI ora na jhuka sakate ho to bhale hI apanI icchAnusAra varte parantu isa ke liye kalaha karake vIra ke putra pana kA vIratva na darzAve itanA hI basa hai| isI taraha adhika mAsa kA kleza bhI nirmala hai aura yaha laukika hai| jaba hama laukika parvo ko svIkAra karate haiM to phira unakI vyavasthA bhI usI ke AdhAra se karanI cAhiye / ata isa adhika mAsa kA nirAkAraNa bhI laukika rIti se zIghra hI ho sakatA hai, tathApi mamatbavaza aisI sAdhAraNa bAta me bhI mahApurUSa vardhamAna ke nAma se unake pravacana ko lAchita karake na jAne ye ADambarI loga kyA karanA cAhate hai? isI prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambaro me jo mUrtipUjA se lagatA bhISaNa jhagaDA cala rahA hai usakA mUla kAraNa bhI ye donoM pakSa ke kulagurU hI haiN| mUrtipUjA kA uddeza dekhane para yaha bAta sambhavita nahIM hotI ki mUrti ko kandorA honA hI cAhiye, mUrti ko A~khe 100

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hone para bhI unake Upara bar3I 2 cazmA jaisI banAvaTI A~kheM lagAnI hI cAhiye yA mUrti ko nagna hI rakhanI caahiye| mUrtipUjaka mUrti ke kandore, cazme yA nagnatA se kisI taraha kA bodha prApta karate hoM yaha sambhava nahIM, kintu ve mAtra mUrti ke prazAnta mukhamaNDala se yA usakI yogimudrA se isa prakAra kA bhAva pragaTa karate haiM ki aisI zamAvasthA yaha AtmA kA mUlaguNa hai aura isa zAntAkRti ko dekhakara kisa taraha prApta karanA, aisA prayatna karate haiN| nyAya kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para yaha mAlama ho sakatA hai ki upAsyadeva kI jo sthiti hame pUjya ho, priya ho yA smaraNIya ho usI sthiti kI mUrti ho to vaha vizeSa saMgata hai| yadi upAsya kI hameM sanyastasthiti pUjya ho to usakI sanyAsI jaisI hI mUrti AdaraNIya ho sakatI hai| usake sthiti ke anurUpa mUrti rakhane para bhI yadi hama usake pAsa yA sammukha sanyAsI ke maTha jaisA vAtAvaraNa na rakkheM to vaha upAsya kI pUjA nahIM kintu usakI viDambanA hai| sasAra kA koI bhI sanyAsI vastra bharaNa nahIM pahanatA, sira para kASThataka kA bhI mukuTa nahI rakhatA, vaha kAnoM meM kuDala hAthoM me bAjubanda aura kaThibhAga meM kadorA nahI pahanatA, usake sAmane puSpo kA Dhera nahI lagA hotA aura usake maTha meM nATakazAlA jitanI rozanI bhI nahIM hotaa| mAtra usake AsapAsa kA vAtAvaraNa zAnta aura nirmala hotA hai, tathApi yadi hama apane sanyAsI ko virUpasthiti me rakkheM to usa rIti ko maiM usakI maskarI sivA anya kucha nahI smjhtaa| yadi koI bhAI yaha kahe ki hamAre liye to zrIvardhamAna kI sarva avasthAye upAsya hI haiM to ise maiM vizeSa sundara mAnatA huuN| parantu usa pratyeka avasthA kI sarvathA bhinna bhinna mUrti honI caahiye| zrIvardhamAna kI krIDAvasthA, zrIvardhamAna aura yazodA kI gRhasthAvasthA, dIkSitAvasthA, unakI paramayogimudrAvasthA aura siddhAvasthA kI mUrtiyeM honI caahiye| aisA kiye binA mAtra eka yogamudrA me hI unakI sarva avasthAoM kI kalpanA nahIM ho sktii| eka hI mudrA meM saba avasthAo kI kalpanA karane vAle ke liye to kisI AkAra vAlI mUrti kI apekSA golamaTola pASANa hI kAphI hai| tasta, aisA eka bhI prAcIna pramANa nahI milatA ki jo zvetAmbara aura digambara marti kI bhinnatA sAbita karatA ho| pramANa to isase viparIta hI milate haiM aura ve dono sapradAya kI marti kI ekatA ko siddha karate haiN| yadi prathama se hI donoM saMpradAya kI martiyA bhinna bhinna hotI to zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke liye eka hI tIrtha para Akara eka hI mUrti ke snAtrAdi vidhividhAna karane ke jo ullekha milate haiM ve kisa taraha mila sakate the? zvetAmbara saghapati pethaDakA sagha aura digambara saMghapati nIjI (pUrNa) agravAlakA saMgha ye dono hI ginaranAra para eka sAtha hI car3he the aura donoM saMgha ' 101

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ke logoM ne zrIneminAtha kI mUrti kA saharSa snAtra vagairaha kiyA thA (dekho sukRtasAgara pR0 30-zlo0 21-22 / yadi ye donoM sagha eka samAna mUrti ko na mAnate hote to eka hI zrIneminAtha mUrti kA (binA kucha parivartana kiye) snAtrAdi kisa taraha kara sakate the? aura 1100 digambara bhaTTAraka gaye the, unheM mArga se devadarzana ke liye maMdiro kI AvazyakatA paDe yaha saMbhavita hI bAta hai, parantu vastupAlane apanI saMghasAmagrI meM eka bhI digambara pratimA. sAtha lI ho aisA ullekha nahIM milatA, isase yaha sAbita hotA hai ki jo maMdira vastapAlane apane sAtha liye the unhI ke dvArA digambara bhaTTAraka bhI jinadarzana karate the| isase yaha bAta bhI siddha ho sakatI hai ki vastupAlane apane sAtha lI huI pratimAyeM aura maMdira donoM ko) mAnya aura pUjya hone caahiyeN| yadi zvetAmbara digambaro kA mUrti sAmya na hotA to zvetAmbara vastupAlake saMgha meM digambara bhaTTArako kI sthiti kA poSaNa kisa taraha ho sakatA thA? (dekho upadezataraMgiNI pR0 247) isa sambandha me zrIdharmasAgara jI apane pravacana parIkSA nAmaka grantha meM nimna prakAra se ullekha karate haiN| atha digambarai yaha sabhAvita bhAvi vivAdabhaJjanAya saMdhena yat kRta tadAha"mA paDimANa vivAo hohi tti vicitiUNa sirisgho| kAsI pallavacidhaM navANa paDimANa payamale / / 67 / / taM souNa rUTTo duTe khamANo vi kAsi na ginntt| nia paDimANaM jiNavaravigovaNa so vigayasanno / / 68 / / taNa sapaipamahappaDimANa pallavakaNa nitth| atthi puNa sapaINappaDimANa vivAya kAlAo / / 69 / / puvvi jiNapaDimANa nagiNatta neva na vi pllvo| teNa nASSgAreNa meo ubhaesi sabhUo / / 70 / / pratimA sabandhI kalaho mA bhad ityamanA prakAreNa vicintya pAryAlocya, zrIsagho navInapratimAnA adyaprabhati nirmIyamANAnA jinapratimAnA padamale pAdasamIpe pallavacinhaM vastraTTalikA lakSaNa lAjchanamakArSIt - kRtavAn / / 67 / / atha zrIsaghakRtyamadhigatya digambaro yad vyadhAt tadAha-tat zrIjinendra pratimAnA padamUle zrIsaghakRta pallavacinha jJAtvA duSTakSapaNa ko rUSTaH krodhA viSTa san x nijAnA svAyattAnA jinapratimAnA nagnatvaM dRzyamAlanigDAdyavayavatvamakArSIt-aya bhAva aho! asmannizritapratimAkArato bhinnatAkaraNAya yadi zrIsaghena pallavacinhamakAri, karipyAmastarhi vayamapi zvetAmbara pratimAto bhinatvakaraNAya kicic cinhamiti vicintya matsara 102

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bhAvena jinapratimAnA nagnatvaM vihitam / zvetAmbareNa svayaM vastradhAritvAd vastracinhaM kRtam digambareNa svayaM nagnatvAt nagnatvameva / / 68 / / atha mugdhajanapratyAyanAya taccinhamAha-yena kAraNena vivAde samutpanne pallavacinhaM pratimAsa saMvRtta tenaiva kAraNena saMpratipramukhapratimAnAM vivAdAt pUrvakAla bhavinInAM trikhaNDAdhipati saMpratinRpaprabhRti nimApitAnAM jIrNa pratimAnAM pallvAkDanaM aJcala cinhaM nAsti na vidyate, asti vidyate punaH sAMpratIna pratimAnAM Adhunika jinapratimAnA pallavacinhamiti sApratIna tat x ujjayanta girimAzritya digambaraiH saha vivAda kAlAt / / 69 / / atha vivAda kAlAt pUrva kibhAsIt? tadAha-pUrva vivAdAt pUrvakAlaM jina pratimAnAM naiva nagnatva, nA'pi ca pallvabako'Jcalacihnam, tena kAraNena jina pratimAnAM ubhayeSA zvetAmabhara - digambarANAM bhedo bhinnatva na saMbhUto nAsIt saddaza AkAra AsIt / / 70 / / (pravacanaparIkSA - li0 pA0 37-38) kahA jAtA hai ki giranAra parvata kisa kI mAlakIyatA kA hai isa sambandha me zvetAmbara aura digambaro ke bIca eka daphA kalaha utpanna huA thaa| u parvata para maMdira aura mUrtiyA saba samAnAkAra hone se isase parvata para mAlakIyata kisa kI hai isa viSaya meM nirNaya honA azakya thA / yAtrA aura pUjA ke liye dono sampradAya ke loga usa parvata para bahuta samaya se AyA jAyA karate the, parvata kA svAmitva kisa sampradAya kA hai isa bAta kA zIghra nirNaya nahI ho sakatA yA / isa durgama nirNaya ke liye zvetAmbaroM ke kAyotsarga ke prabhAva se zAsanadevI pragaTa huI aura usane phaisalA kiyA? ki isa tIrtha kA svAmitva zvetAmbaro kA hai| abhI taka dono sampradAya kI mUrti kA AkAra aura pUjA kA prakAra eka sarIkhA hone se phira bhI aisA kalaha dene kA bhaya thA, isase zvetAmbara sagha kI ora se isake bAda banAI gaI pratyeka jina pratimAka paira ke pAsa vastra kI paTTI kA nizAna karAyA gayA thaa| yaha dekhakara isI bhaya se digambaro ne bhI apane adhikAra me AI huI pratyeka pratimA para nagnatA kA cinha banA diyA * zvetAmbaro ne svaya vastradhArI hone se pratimAoM ko bhI vastradhArI banAI thI aura digambara svaya nagnatA ke himAyatI the ata: unhone apanI pratimAo ko nagna rakkhI thii| mUrti ke sambandha me vastra aura nagnatA kA vivAda isI samaya se prAraMbha huA thaa| isase pahile samaya kI pratimAoM me *yadi Aja zrIvardhamAna svAmI bhAI vidyamAna hote to zvetAmbarI unhe vastra pahanAte, sthAnakavAsI bhAI taduparAnta mukhapara mukha pattI bAdhane kA Agraha karate aura digambarI mahAnubhAva nagna hI rakhane kA haTa krte| parantu yaha ThIka hI huA ki usa mahApurUSa kI nirvANa ho gyaa| 103

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kisI taraha kA viziSTa nizAna na thA, isI kAraNa ve pratimAyeM rAjA saMprati dvArA banAI huI kahI jAtI haiM, unameM kahIM para bhI isa prakAra kI nizAnI nahIM milatI aura jo pratimAyeM usa vivAda samaya ke bAda kI arvAcIna haiM unameM ye donoM taraha kI nizAnI pAI jAtI hai, arthAt vivAda samaya se vastradhAritva bhI na thaa| isase ina donoM sapradAya kI jina pratimAo kA AkAra eka sarAkhA thA, unameM kahIM para bhI kucha bheda na thaa|" zrIdharmasAgara jI ne isa vivAda ke samaya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA tathApi upadezataraMgiNI meM 248-249 veM pRSTha para diye huye ullekha se spaSTa tayA mAlUma ho sakatA hai ki vaha vivAda jUnAgar3ha ke rAjA kheMgAra ke rAjyakAla me Ama rAjA ke gurU bappabhaTTi sari ke samaya huA thA jo samaya vikrama kI navamI zatAbdI kA prArabha thaa| uparokta aneka pramANo se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki martiyoM kI nagnatA aura vastradhAritA bAda meM hI banAI gaI hai| hamAre donoM sapradAya meM navamI zatAbdI ke prArabha me hI yaha bheda dAkhila huA hai| isase pahile hamAre dono bhAiyoM kI mUrti aura mUrtipUjA eka sarIkhI hI thIM, isake pramANoM kI aba kucha kamI nahI hai| vAstavika sthiti aisI hone para bhI vartamAna me hI hama mUrti ora tIrtha ke liye paraspara viSakI vRSTa kara rahe haiN| mujhe isakA kAraNa hamAre dono sAmpradAyika dharma netao ke kadAgraha ke sivA anya kucha nahI dekha pddtaa| maiM sunatA haiM yadi usa prakAra zvetAmbara aura digambara mUrtipUjA karate ho to vaisI mUrtipUjA na karane me hI kalyANa hai| makSIjI me agreja sarakAra ne zvetAmbara aura digambaro ke liye pUjA karane kA samaya niyata kiyA huA hai| tadanusAra zvetAmbaro kI pUjA huye bAda digambara bhAI padhArate haiM aura ve mati para lagAye haye cakSa tathA zvetAmbaro kI kI haI pUjA ko radda karate haiM phira indra pUjya banane kI AzA se khuza hote huye hamAre zvetAmbaroM kI pUjA kI bArI Ane para ve usa mUrti para phira se cakSu aura TIkA Adi lagA dete haiN| isa prakAra kA vidhi kiye bAda hI ve donoM bhAI apanI 2 kI huI pUjA ko pUjArUpa mAnate haiN| parantu maiM to isa rIti ko tIrthakara kI bhI nahI maantaa| yaha to sasAra me do strIvAle bhadra purUSa kI jo sthiti hotI hai usI dazA meM hamane apane vItarAga deva ko pahuMcA diyA hai, yaha hamArI kitI kImatI prabhu bhakti hai??? aisI bhakti to indra ko bhI prApta nahI ho sakatI? maiM mAnatA hU~ ki yadi isa mUrti me caitanya hotA to yaha svaya hI adAlata me jAkara apIla kiye binA kadApi na rhtii| yaha mUrtipUjA nhii| balki usakA paizAcika svarUpa hai aura tIrtha ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAlA 'kleza bhI marti pUjA kA rAkSasI svarUpa hai| 104

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Agama-vAcanavAda aba maiM apane antima mudde para carcA karake isa nibandha ko jo merI dhAraNa se adhika lambA ho gayA hai samApta kruuNgaa| antima muddA Agama vAcana vAdakA hai, ataH mujhe yahA~ para jo kucha batalAnA hai vaha nimna prakAra se hai| sAdha loga kahate haiM ki gRhasthoM ko sUtra par3hane kA adhikAra nahIM hai, gRhastha to mAtra sUtroM kA zravaNa hI kara sakate haiM aura vaha bhI hamAre dvArAhI pAThako! Apa svayaM dekha sakate haiM ki bIsavIM sadI ke ina nirgrantha mahAtmAoM kI kitanI sattA aura zekhI hai| ve isa viSaya meM kucha Aja hI aisA nahIM kahate haiM, kintu isa sambandha meM maiM prathama hI Apa ke samakSa zrI hari bhadrasUri ke zabdoM meM batalA cukA hU~ ki * cailayavAsiyoM meM se kitaneka vyaktiyoM ne usa samaya yaha pukAra uThAI thI ki zrAvakoM ke samakSa sUkSma vicAra na pragaTa karane cAhiye, arthAt jaise brAhmaNoM ne veda kA adhikAra apane liye hI rakhakara dUsaroM ko usake anadhikArI ThaharA kara apanI sattA jamAI thI, vaise hI ina caityavAsiyoM ne bhI Agama paDhane kA adhikAra apane liye hI rijarva rakkhA aura zrAvakoM ko usakA anadhikArI ThaharAyA thaa| yadi ve zrAvako ko bhI Agama paDhane kI chUTa de deM to aMga graMthoM ko paDhakara jo dhana ve svaya upArjana karanA icchatethe vaha kisa taraha bana sakatA thA? tathA agagranthoM ke abhyAsI zrAvaka unakA duSTAcAra dekhakara unheM kisa taraha mAna dete ? isa prakAra zrAvakoM ko Agama paDhane kI chUTa dene para apane hI peTa para lAta lagane ke samAna hone se aura apanI sArI pola khulajAne kA bhaya hone ke kAraNa aisA kauna sarala puruSa hogA ki jo apane samasta lAbha ko anAyAsa hI calA jAne de ? pUrvokta haribhadrasUti ke ullekha se yaha bhalI bhAti mAlUma hotA hai ki zrAvakoM ko Agama na vAMcane dene kA bIca caityavAsiyoM ne hI boyA hai aura Aja taka vaha usI taraha kA saDA huA pAnI pI pIkara itanA bar3ha gayA hai ki aba hameM avazya hI usakA viccheda karanA pdd'egaa| ___mujhe isa antima mudde ko do bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyo dvArA spaSTa karanA hai| eka to bhASAdRSTi aura dUsarI zAstra dRSTi hai| vaidika dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI tarapha se hama para yaha AkSepa kiyA jAtA hai ki saskRta jaisI praur3ha bhASA ko chor3akara jainiyoM ne jo apane mUlagrantha prAkRta bhASA meM likhe haiM usakA kAraNa unakI saskRta se anabhijJatA honI caahiye| parantu isa AkSepa kI nirmulatA batalAte huye hamAre maharSi kahate hai * "kei bhaNatiu bha NaNai suhuma viyAro na sAvagANa puro, sabodha pra0 pR0 13-zloka 16 105

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ki "bAla strI vRddhamUrkhANAM nRNAM caaritrkaaNkssinnm| uccAraNaya tatvajJaiH siddhAntaH prAkRtaH kRt.|| (tatva nirNaya prAsAda pR0 413) isa zloka para se yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki bAlaka strI, vRddha, aura mUrkha logoM ke liye arthAt AbAla gopAla sabhI binA prayAsa zrIvardhamAna ke pravacana kA uccAra kara sakeM evaM acchI taraha samajha sakeM isI hetu se Agama ko prAkRta jaisI sarvadezIya sarala aura madhurabhASAmeM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| yadi usa pravacana Agama ko par3hane kA adhikAra mAtra muniyoM ko hI hotA touna RSiyoM ko yaha zloka likhane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI? prabhAvaka caritra meM kahA hai ki caudaha pUrva saMskRta bhASA meM the, ve kAla ke prabhAva se ucchinna-naSTa ho gaye, isa samaya sudharmasvAmI bhASita ekAdazAga sUtra haiM jinheM unhoMne bAla, strI, vRddha aura mUrkha Adi manuSya ko bhI unakA lAbha mila sake aisI anugraha buddhi se prAkRta meM race haiN| 1 dazavakAlika TIkA tathA dhrmviduvRtti,|| 2 caturdazA'pi pRrvANi saMskRtAni purA 'bhavan / / 114 / / prajJAtizaya sAdhyAni tAnyucchinnAni kAlata / adhunaikAdazAgaDa carita sudharmasvAmi bhaassitaa|| 115 / / isI bAta ko nimna likhita gAthA bhI puSTa karatI hai yata uktamAgamemuntUNa diTThivAMya kAliya-ukkAliyaga siddht|| thI-bAlavAyaNastha pAimamuiya jiNavarehiM / / isa gAthA meM to strI aura bAlako ko paDhane ke liye aMgo-Agamo ko prAkRta bhASA meM racA gayA hai aisA sabase spaSTa ullekha hai| tathA vizeSAvazyaka aura umakI maladhArIkRta TIkA meM bhI nimna prakAra kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai, jisameM khullama khullA zrAvako kA bhI nirdeza kiyA huvA hai| *1 jai viya bhUyAvAe sabamsa vaomayamma oaaro| nijjUhaNa tahAvi hu dummehe pappa itthiiy|| 551 / / 106

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"teSu ca nizzeSamapi vaangmymvtrti| atazraturdazapUrvAtmakaM dvAdazamevADagamastu, kiM zevADagaviracanena, aDagabAhyazrutaracanenavA 1 tatra yadyapi dRSTivAde sarvasyApi vAGmayasyA'vatAro'sti,tathApidurmedhasAMtadvadhAraNadyayogyAnAM mandamatInAM, tathA zrAvakAdInAM strINAMcAnugrahAyaM ni!haNA viracanA zeSazrutasyoti-(vizeSA* pR0 265-266, gA 551) _arthAt yadi saba aMgoM kA sAra bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda meM samA sakatA ho to phira una aMgoM ko judA racane kI kyA jarUrata hai ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM zrIjina bhadrasUrine kahA hai ki 1 yadyapi dRSTivAda meM samasta vAGmaya samA jAtA hai tathApi jo loga durmevasa-kama buddhivAle haiM unake aura striyoM ke liye yaha sArA zruta racA gayA hai" jina bhadrasUrikRta isa gAthApara kI gaI TIkA meM batalAyA hai ki "durmedhasa yAne jo dRSTivAdako samajhane jitanI buddhi nahIM rakhate unake tathA zrAvakAdi aura striyoM ke liye vAkI kA agazruta yA antazruta racA gayA hai|" Upara batalAye huye eka se adhika puSTapramANoM se yaha bAta spaSTatayA siddha hotI hai ki AgamoM kI prAkRta bhASA isI liye rakkhI gaI hai jisase usake dvArA AvAla gopAla unheM AsAnI se paDhakara lAbha uThA skeN| isa prakAra hama bhASAdRSTi se Agama pramANa pUrvaka gRhasthiyoMko Agama paDhanekA adhikAra sAbita kara sakate haiN| zAstrIya dRSTi bhI isa adhikArako pRSTa karatI hai| isa viSayameM maiM yaha kahatA hU~ ki yadi zrAvako ko Agama paDhane kA adhikAra na hotA to usa viSaya kA niSedhAtmaka ullekha kisI aMgasUtragrantha me kyoM nahIM milatA? AcArAaga sUtrame sAdhuoM ke aneka taraha ke AcAra vihita piye haiM, usameM kahIMpara bhI bhikSu ne yA bhikSuNI ne zrAvako ko Agamana paDhAnA aisA ullekha kyoM milatA? kadAcit koI yaha kahe ki sUtra grantho meM zrAvako ko labdhArtha gRhItArtha, pRSTArtha aura vinizcitArtha kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai, isase ve mAtra artha ko hI adhikArI ho sakate haiM parantu sUtra ke adhikArI nhiiN| isa viSaya me mai kucha kahU~ isakI apekSAharibhadrasUrijI kA kathana vizeSa nyAyepeta ginA jaaygaa| jaba caityavAsinIyoM ne kahA ki zrAvako ke sAmane sUkSma vicAra na kahane cAhiye usa samaya isa bAta kara ayuktatA siddha karate huye haribhadrasUrine apane sambodha prakaraNa ke 13 veM pRSTha para kathana kiyA hai ki "ta na jao aMgAisu subbaitabannaNA eva / / 26 / / laThThA, gahiyaThThA, pucchiyaThThA viNicchiyaThThAya / ahigajIvAjIvA acAlaNijjA pvynno,|| 27 / / arthAt caitanya vAsiyoM kA uparokta kathana ayukta hai, kyoMki aMgasUtro meM zrAvako ko labdhArtha,gRhItArtha, pRSTArtha, vinizcitArtha, jIvAjIva ke jAnane vAle aura 107

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pravacana se acalanIya varNita kiyA hai, isase ve sukSmavicAroM ko bhI jAnane ke adhikArI haiN| jina vizeSaNoM dvArA zrIharibhadra jI zrAvakoM ko sUkSma vicAroM ke parijJAna kA anadhikArI sAbita karate haiM unhIM vizeSaNoM dvArA hamAre dharmaguru hameM sUtra paDhane kA anAdhikArI batalAte hai| jina sUtro meM bilakula sAdI aura sarala bAteM likhI huI haiM una sUtroM meM aisA viSaya kvacit hI AtA hai jo guhya, sUkSma aura gopya ho / isa viSaya meM maiM prathama batalA cukA hU~ ki jaba zrAvakoM ko ina vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA thA usa samaya sutragrantha lipisaddha nahIM huye the, isase zrAvaka una araNyavAsI muniyoM ke pAsa jAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pravacana sunA karate aura usa zravaNa kiye huye pravacana svanAmake samAna kaMThastha rakhate the| sAdhu bhI aisA karate the| samavAyAgasUtra meM upAsadazAMga sUtra ke viSaya kA ullekha karate samaya upAsakoM ke zruparigraha- zrutAbhyAsa bhI varNita kiye gaye haiN| upasako ke ve zrutaparigraha isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se sAbita karate haiM ki usa samaya ke zrAvaka bhI zrIvarddhamAna bhagavAna ke pravacana ko kaThastha rakhate the| yadi unheM vaisA karane meM adhikArI na mAnA gayA hotA to usa samaya sUtroM ke sivA aisA kaunasA zruta thA jisako ve svIkAra kara sakate the ? sUtro meM aisA bhI kahIM para ullekha nahIM milatA jisase yaha siddha hotA ho ki koI zrAvaka bAraha ago kA pAThI ho, parantu isase ve kucha usake anAdhikArI sAbita nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki zrAvaka ko jitanA zruta upayogI ho utanA hI ve paDhate ho isase kadAcit unheM sampUrNa gyAraha yA bAraha aga ko sIkhane kI AvazyakatA na paDI ho / sAdhuoM kA to svAdhyAya hI vyavasAya hone ke kAraNa ve gyAraha yA bAraha aMga sIkheM yA par3heM to isameM koI naI bAta nahI hai| sUtro meM jahA~para svapna pAThakoM kA varNana AtA hai| vahA~ saba jagaha unheM gahIyaTThA, laTThA, Adi saMbodhano se saMbodhita kiyA hai| yadi ina vizeSaNo yA saMbodhano kA yahI artha ho jaisA ki hamAre kulaguru batalAtate haiM to phira ina vizeSaNoM se zrAvakoM ke samAna ve svapna pAThaka bhI svapnazAstrako mAtra sunakara hI paMDita huyeM hone cAhiye, parantu svayaM paDhakara nhiiN| yaha bAta saMbhava nahIM ki koI manISI manuSya svapna zAstriyoM ke liye yaha kahe ki una zAstroM kA adhyayana kiye binA mAtra artha ko sunakara hI ve zAstrI bana gaye haiN| tathA artha ko prApta karane kI mAtra sunanA hI uka rIti nahIM hai, kyoMki paDhane se bhI artha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, ata upara batalAte huye TTA Adi vizeSaNa par3hane vAle vAcane vAle ko bhI lAgU paDa sakate haiM isaliye pUrvokta saMbodhanoM - yA vizeSaNoM se zrAvaka sUtra ke anadhikArI siddha nahIM ho skte| yaha to sUtra paDhakara dhana kamAne vAle caityavAsiyoM ne hI unheM sUtra ke 108

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anadhikArI ThaharAye the aura taba se lekara ye bhadrika zrAvaka Aja taka paratantratA kI jaMjIroM meM jakar3e huye becAre vicAra zUnya se ho baiThe haiN| pratidina tIna khamAsamaNoM de dekara apane svAmiyoM ko sukhasAtA pUchA karate hai, parantu isakA pariNAma paratantratA kI vRddhi ke sivA anya kucha nahIM aataa| kitaneka kahate haiM ki sAdhuoM ko bhI amuka amuka varSa kA dIkSAparyAya hone para yahI amuka amuka sUtra par3hane kA adhikAra hai taba phira zrAvakoM ke adhikAra kI to bAta hI kyA ? jahA~ taka maiMne khoja kI hai usa se yaha sAbita hotA hai ki yaha paryAya vAda kA vidhAna bhI caityavAsiyoM ke samaya kA hI hai, kyoMki maiMne sUtragraMthoM meM bahuta se zramaNoM ke caritra par3he haiM unameM unhoMne isa krama kI maryAdA pAlana kiyA ho yaha mAlUma nahIM hotaa| isase yaha sAbita hotA hai ki amuka dIkSA paryAya vAlA hI amuka sUtra kA adhyayana kareM yaha vidhAna prAcIna nahIM kitu arvAcIna hai tathA yaha paddhati evaM kaThina taparUpa upadhAnoM kI paddhati bhI una caityavAsiyoM ko pIche haTAne ke liye hI racI gaI hai aura usakA prArambha bhI taba se hI huA hai / yadi ye donoM rIti prAcIna aura vidhi vihita hotI to sUtra granthoM meM usakA ullekha avazya milatA aura sUtroM meM varNita Adarzamuni bhI usakA anusaraNa karate / sUtroM meM varNita kiye gaye muniyoM ke caritra meM kahIM bhI isa bAta kA ullekha nahIM milatA ki unhoMne upadhAna (yogodvahana) karake hI sUtra paDhe ho, isaliye yaha prakAra bhI arvAcIna aura avihita hai / jahA~ jahA~ para sAdhuoM ke sUtrAbhyAsa kA ullekha milatA hai vahA~ kahIM para unhoMne sUtroM ke paDhane se pahile yogodvahana kiyA ho aisI gadhataka bhI nahIM aatii| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki jo zramaNa-nirgrantha nirantara yoganiSTa, tapasvI, akaSAyI, aura suvinIta hoM unhoMke liye yogodvahana kA vidhi sarvathA nirarthaka hai / parantu jo zramaNa zrIhari bhadrasUri ne batalAye vaise hoM una yogacyuta udarambharI sAdhuoM ke liye yaha yogodvahana kI paddhati ucita ho sakatI hai aura aisA hone se hI mujhe yaha batalAnA paDA hai ki isa paddhati kA samaya caityavAsa kA samavartti hai| sUtroM meM jo sAdhuoM ke sUtrAbhyAsa ke ullekha milate haiM unameM se thoDe se nIce detA hU~ 1 "taeNa se khaMdae aNagAre samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa tahArUvANa therANa ati sAmAi mAiyAI ekkArasa agAre ahijjai " - bhagavatIsUtra ajIma pR0 165 2 ettha se kAlodAyI sabuddhe eva jahA khadae taheva pavvaie taheva ekkArasa agANi " - bhaga0 ajIma0 pR0 514 3 " ( usabhadatto) eeNa kameNaM jahA khaMdao taheva pavvae jAva0 sAmAiya 'mAiyAi ekkArasa aMgAI ahijjai" - bhaga0 ajIma0 pR0 766 109

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4. "tae NaM sA devANaMdA ajjA ajjacaMdaNae ajjAe aMtiyaM sAmAiya mAiyAM ekkArasa aMgAI aM hijjaI"- - bhaga0 ajIma0 pR0 767. 5. "tumaM gosAlA ! bhagavayA caiva pabbAvie bhagavayA ceva bahussuIkae" bhaga0 ajIma0 pR0 1247 isake atirikta aise anya bhI aneka ullekha milate haiM, parantu ve saba eka sarIkhI rIti se likhe hone ke kAraNa unameM se eka meM bhI paryAyakrama yA yogAddhaha kI chIMTa taka mAlUma nahIM detii| dy maiM prathama batalA cukA hU~ ki caityavAsiyoM ko pIche haTAne ke liye kisI kSa puruSa ne tIvra tapazcaryArUpa upadhAna yA yogoddhahana kI nIva DAlI hai yA una caityavAsiyoM ne hI usa samaya ke zrAvakoM ko yaha samajhAyA ho ki yogodvadana kiye binA hameM bhI sUtra paDhane kA adhikAra nahIM hai aura upadhAna kiye sivA zrAvakoM ko navakAra bolane kA bhI adhikAra nahIM to phira zrAvakoM ke sUtra paDhane kI to bAta hI kyA ? isa prakAra samajhAkara unhoMne bhadra zrAvakoM se upadhAna ke kara rUpa meM milate huve dravya ko haDapa karane kA prapaca racA ho to yaha sabhavita hai| cAhe jo ho parantu upadhAna yakI sAmudAyika vartamAna paddhati jo halavAI kI dukAna ke samAna mAdaka aura mohaka hai vaha caityavAsiyoM ke samaya kI hai isameM jarA bhI sadeha ko sthAna nahIM / upadhAna ke viSaya meM kisI bhI aMga sUtra meM kucha surAka nahIM calatA, mAtra mahAnizIya sUtra jo agasUtroM se bAhira kA hai aura jo caityavAsiyoM kI halakI sthiti meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai usameM hI isa upadhAna Adi kA kucha ullekha milatA hai| yaha sUtra aMga sUtro ke samAna sarvamAnya nahIM samajhA jaataa| prAcIna AcAryo me bhI isa sUtra kI pramANikatA ke liye bhArI matabheda ho cukA hai (dekho zatapadI aura mahAnizIya) yadi kadAcit hama anya bAto ko chor3akara isa bAtapara hI vicAra kare ki sUtra granthoM sUtra par3hane vAloM meM se kisI ne upadhAna Adi kiyA ho yaha ullekha nahIM milatA eva sUtragata AcAra ke niyamoM meM isa paddhati ke varNana gandhataka nahIM to yaha upadhAnAdikA vidhAna mahAnizIya sUtra meM vaha bhI eka cheda sUtra aura ApavAdika mArgadarzaka sUtra me kahA~ se AyA ? ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane para hameM vivaza hokara yaha kabUla karanA paDatA hai ki yaha upadhAna vidhAna Adi una caityavAsI bAbAoM kI upajAU kalpavallI hai aura isI kAraNa yaha unake samaya ke grantha meM likhI huI hai| yadi hama sAdhAraNa dhArmika dRSTi se vicAra kare to bhI yaha mAlUma hogA ki jina sUtragranthoM meM kASTha kI putalI ko bhI dekhanA niSedha kiyA hai ve hI 110

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sUtra grantha nitya mAdaka bhojI sAdhuoM ko mAdaka bhojI yuvatI aura vidhavAoM ke Tole meM rahakara upadhAna kI kriyA karAne kI anumati de sakate haiM ? vartamAna samaya meM to unhIM sUtroM ko mAnane vAle paMnyAsa aura AcArya tIna tIna sau evaM cAra cAra sau striyoM ke yUtha meM yaha kriyA karA rahe hai jise hama dharma mAnate haiN| kaisI ziSTatA ? kaisI zIla samiti ?? aura kaisA bhayaMkara chipA huvA dhArmika anAcAra hai ? jo caityavAsiyoM para strI paricaya kA bArambAra AkSepa zrIharibhadrasUri ne apane sambodha prakaraNa meM kiyA hai, usakA namUnA isa upadhAna paddhati meM hameM pratyakSa dekha par3atA hai, isase maiM dRr3hatA pUrvaka kaha sakatA hU~ ki yaha rIti unakI rAsasthaloM bhI ho !!! sthAnAaMga sUtra meM eka jagaha sUtrapar3hAne ke kAraNa batalAte hue likhA hai, ki paMcahi ThANehiM sutta vAjjA ta jahA - 1 sagahaTThAe, 2 uvasaggahaTThAe, 3 nijjaraTue, sute 4 vA meM pajjavayAe bhavastati suttassa vA avvecichattiNayaTThatAe, (likhita pATha068-66 / bhADArakara / isa ullekha meM jyoM sUtra par3hAne ke anya kAraNa batalAe haiM tyoM upagraha ko bhI kAraNa koTi meM rakkhA hai| upagraha ke artha ko spaSTa karate huye TIkAkakArane batalAyA hai ki 'jo AhAra, pAnI aura vastra Adi ko paidA karane meM samartha hoM unheM sUtra par3hAkara upagrahita karanA, yahA~ para Apa dekha sakate haiM ki yaha ullekha to bilakula spaSTatayA gRhasthiyoM ke hI liye likhA gayA hai, gRhasthI kI AhAra, pAnI aura vastra Adi paidA karake sAdhuoM ko dete haiM, ve hI apane pasIne kI kamAI se sAdhuoM kA poSaNa kara rahe hai ata sUtrakAra tathA TIkAkAra sAdhuoM ko badale kI nIti kI sUcanA karate haiM ki ve gRhasthoM ko sUtra paDhAkara upagrahita - AbhArI kreN| yaha bAta sarvayA spaSTa hote huye bhI vartamAna meM zrAvakoM ke dhana se poSita hone vAle nirgrantha (1) mahAzaya zrAvakoM ko kaisA badalA de rahe haiM yaha bAta Apa aura mujhase chipI huI nahIM hai| isase bar3hakara aura bhI aise aneka pramANa mere dekhane meM Aye haiM jo sIdhe taura se yA rUpAntara se zrAvakoM kI sUtrAdhikAritA ko sUcita kara rahe hai, parantu sthAna saMkoca ke kAraNa una sabakA yahA~ para ullekha na karake maiM isa mudde ko yahA~ hI samApta karatA aura sAtha hI yaha bAta sapramANa kahe detA hU~ ki zrAvakoM ko sUtra paDhane ke liye jo niSedha kiyA gayA hai vaha ayukta hai, apramANika hai, avihita hai aura sarvathA zrIjinAjJAviruddha hai / priya pAThako / anta meM maiM itanA kahatA hU~ ki maine isa prastuta nibandha meM apane cAroM hI muddoM ko yathAmati aura yathAzakti Apake samakSa rakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura sAhitya-vikAra se vartamAna meM hamArI kyA sthiti huI hai yaha bhI yathAmati 111

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spaSTa karane kA prayatna sevana kiyA hai| jyoM jyoM apane isa kamanasIva samAja kI girI huI dizA ke vicAra mere sAmane Ate haiM tyo tyoM mujhe vizeSa vedanA hotI hai aura usa vedanA ko zAnta karane ke liye maiMne isa prakAra pUrvakAlIna paristhiti kA aitihAsika citra Apake sanmukha rakkhA hai|jo Apa saba isa viSaya meM vicAra karake bar3oM ke sAtha parAmarza kara hamAre dhArmika tathA sAmAjika rUr3hiniyama jo vartamAna me hamAre unnati ke rocaka yA bAdhaka ho rahe haiM ve bhaviSya meM vaicena raheM isa prakAra kA yogya prayAsa kareMge to maiM isa apane prayAsa ko samajha huA smjhNgaa| aba rASTra se bAke samAna dharmaroSA kI hama zrAvakoM para hI A par3I hai| isane gujarakara yA sthApita zAstroM ke niravAsa para hI bahuta samajha nirAyA, parantu isase hamAra kucha bhI uddhAra na huA, na hotA hai aura aba hotA bhI nhiiN| pyAre yuvaka mAna lo| Apa uTho aba kamara kasa lo, syAne hamArI rasyahAmAneca kabhI deza mahAtmA gAndhI, jaise mahApuruSa kI salAha lekara yadi vatI aura svatantratA vAlI prakRti se bhI hama sauna ke pravacana ko sAkSAta ke mukha se valI yaha merI antima prArthanA hai| satya hI ziSTA pUrvaka maiM yaha bhI kaha detA hU~ ki mai apane isa nibandha ko likhate huye kahIM khAlita huA hU~ kSantavya huuN| OM zAnti

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