Jain Sahitya ka Bruhad Itihas Prastavana

Author(s): Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002543/1

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prastAvanA paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA adhyakSa lA0 da0 bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda --9

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prastuta itihAsa kI yojanA aura maryAdA vaidikadharma aura jainadharma prAcIna yati-muni-- zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM kI paraMparA AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa upalabdha AgamoM aura unakI TIkAoM kA parimANa AgamoM kA kAla Agama-viccheda kA prazna zrutAvatAra

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prastuta itihAsa kI yojanA aura maryAdA : prastuta grantha 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' kI maryAdA kyA hai, yaha spaSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| yaha kevala jainadharma yA darzana se hI saMbaddha sAhitya kA itihAsa nahIM hogA apitu jainoM dvArA likhita samagra sAhitya kA itihAsa hogaa| ___ sAhitya meM yaha bheda karanA ki yaha jainoM kA likhA hai aura yaha jainetaroM kA, ucita to nahIM haiM kintu aisA vivaza hokara hI karanA par3A hai| bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jainoM dvArA likhe vividha sAhitya kI upekSA hotI AI hai| yadi aisA na hotA to yaha prayatna jarUrI na hotaa| udAharaNa ke taura para saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM jaba purANoM para likhanA ho yA mahAkAvyoM para likhanA ho taba itihAsakAra prAyaH hindu purANoM se hI santoSa kara lete haiM aura yahI gati mahAkAvyoM kI bhI hai| isa upekSA ke kAraNoM kI carcA jarUrI nahIM hai kintu jina granyoM kA vizeSa abhyAsa hotA ho unhoM para itihAsakAra ke lie likhanA AsAna hotA hai, yaha eka mukhya kAraNa hai| 'kAdaMbarI' ke par3hane-par3hAnevAle adhika haiM ataeva usakI upekSA itihAsakAra nahIM kara sakatA kintu dhanapAla kI 'tilakamaMjarI' ke viSaya meM prAyaH upekSA hI hai kyoMki vaha pAThyagrantha nhiiN| kintu jina virala vyaktiyoM ne use par3hA hai ve usake bhI guNa jAnate haiN| ___ itihAsakAra ko to itanI phursata kahAM ki vaha eka-eka granya svayaM par3he aura usakA mUlyAMkana kre| , hotA prAyaH yahI hai ki jina granthoM kI carcA adhika huI ho unhIM ko itihAsa-grantha meM sthAna milatA hai, anya granthoM kI prAyaH upekSA hotI hai| 'yazastilaka' jaise caMpU ko bahuta varSoM taka upekSA hI rahI kintu DA0 handikI ne jaba usake viSaya meM pUrI pustaka likha DAlI taba usa para vidvAnoM kA dhyAna gyaa| isI paristhiti ko dekhakara jaba isa itihAsa kI yojanA bana rahI thI taba DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kA sujhAva thA ki itihAsa ke pahale vibhinna granthoM yA vibhinna viSayoM para abhyAsa, lekha likhAye jAyaM taba itihAsa kI sAmagrI taiyAra hogI aura itihAsakAra ke lie itihAsa likhanA AsAna hogaa| unakA yaha bahumUlya sujhAva ucita hI thA kintu ucita yaha samajhA gayA ki jaba taka aise lekha tayAra na ho jAyaM taba taka hAtha para hAtha dhare baiThe rahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| ataeva nizcaya huA ki madhyama mArga se jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa ko

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( 14 ) aneka vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se likhA jaay| usameM gahare ciMtanapUrvaka samIkSA kadAcit saMbhava na ho to bhI anya kA sAmAnya viSaya-paricaya diyA jAya jisase kitane viSaya ke kauna se grantha haiM-isakA to patA vidvAnoM ko ho hI jAyagA / aura phira jijJAsu vidvAn apanI ruci ke anya svayaM par3hane lgeNge| ___ isa vicAra ko sva0 DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne gati dI aura yaha nizcaya huA ki I0 san 1953 meM ahamadAbAda meM hone vAle prAcya vidyA pariSad ke sammelana ke avasara para vahA~ vidvAnoM kI upasthiti hogI ataeva usa avasara kA lAbha uThAkara eka yojanA vidvAnoM ke samakSa rakhI jaay| isI vicAra se yojanA kA pUrvarUpa vArANasI meM taiyAra kara liyA gayA aura ahamadAbAda meM upasthita nimna vidvAnoM ke parAmarza se usako antima rUpa diyA gayA :1. muni zrI puNyavijayajI 2. AcArya jinavijayajI 3. paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI 4. paM0 becaradAsajI dozI 5. DA0 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 6. DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye 7. DA0 pI0 ela0 vaidya 8. DA0 motIcanda 6. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA 10. DA0 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 11. DA0 prabodha paNDita 12. DA0 indracandra zAstrI 13. pro0 padmanAbha jainI 14. zrI bAlAbhAI vIracaMda desAI jayabhikkhu 15. zrI paramAnanda kuvarajI kApar3iyA yahA~ yaha bhI batAnA jarUrI hai ki vArANasI meM yojanA saMbaMdhI vicAra jaba cala rahA thA taba usameM saMpUrNa sahayoga zrI paM0 mahendrakumArajI kA thA aura unhIM kI preraNA se paMDitadvaya zrI kailAzacandrajI zAstrI tathA zrI phUlacandrajI zAstrI bhI sahayoga dene ko taiyAra ho gaye the| kintu yojanA kA pUrvarUpa

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( 15 ) jaba taiyAra huA to ina tInoM paMDitoM ne nirNaya kiyA ki hameM alaga ho jAnA cAhie / tadanusAra unake sahayoga se hama vaMcita hI rahe - isakA duHkha sabase adhika mujhe hai / alaga hokara unhoMne apanI pRthak yojanA banAI aura yaha Ananda kA viSaya hai ki unakI yojanA ke antargata paM0 zrI kailAzacandra dvArA likhita 'jaina sAhitya kA itihAsaH pUrva pIThikA zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI se vIrani0 saM0 2486 meM prakAzita huA hai / jainoM dvArA likhita sAhitya kA jitanA adhika paricaya karAyA jAya, acchA hI hai / hai ki vividha dRSTikoNa se sAhitya kI samIkSA hogI / kA svAgata hI karate haiM / yaha bhI lAbha ataeva hama usa yojanA ahamadAbAda meM vidvAnoM ne jisa yojanA ko antima rUpa diyA tathA usa samaya jo lekhaka nizcita hue unameM se kucha ne jaba apanA aMza likhakara nahIM diyA to una dezoM ko dUsare se likhavAnA par3A hai kintu mUla yojanA meM parivartana karanA ucita nahIM samajhA gayA hai / hama AzA karate haiM ki yathAsaMbhava hama usa mUla yojanA ke anusAra itihAsa kA kArya Age baDhAyeMge / 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' jo kaI bhAgoM meM prakAzita hone jA rahA hai, usakA yaha prathama bhAga hai / jaina aMga granthoM kA paricaya prastuta bhAga meM mujhe hI likhanA thA kintu hRA yaha ki pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ne paM0 becaradAsajI ko banArasa hindU yUnivarsiTI meM jaina AgamoM ke viSaya para vyAkhyAna dene ke lie AmaMtrita kiyA / unhoMne ye vyAkhyAna vistRtarUpa se gujarAtI meM likhe bhI the / ataeva yaha ucita samajhA gayA ki unhIM vyAkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para prastuta bhAga ke lie aMga granthoM kA paricaya hindI meM likhA jAya / Astro mohanalAla mehatA ne ise saharSa svIkAra kiyA aura isa prakAra merA bhAra halakA huA / DA0 mehatA kA likhA 'aMga granthoM kA paricaya' prastuta bhAga meM mudrita hai / zrI paM0 becaradAsajI kA AgamoM kA adhyayana gaharA hai, unakI chAnabIna bhI svataMtra hai aura zrAgamoM ke viSaya meM likhanevAloM meM ve agradUta hI haiM / unhIM ke vyAkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA prastuta aMga-paricaya yadi vidvAnoM ko aMga Agama ke adhyayana ke prati AkarSita kara sakegA to yojaka isa prayAsa ko saphala mAneMge | vaidikadharma aura jainadharma : vaidikadha aura jainadharmaM kI tulanA kI jAya to jainadharma kA vaha rUpa jo isake prAcIna sAhitya se upalabdha hotA hai, veda se upalabdha vaidikadhamaM se atyadhika

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( 16 ) mAtrA meM susaMskRta hai| veda ke indrAdi devoM kA rUpa aura jainoM ke ArAdhya kA svarUpa dekhA jAya to vaidika deva sAmAnya mAnava se adhika zaktizAlI haiM kintu vRttiyoM kI dRSTi se hIna hI haiN| mAnavasulabha krodha, rAga, dveSa Adi vRttiyoM kA vaidika devoM meM sAmrAjya hai to jainoM ke ArAdhya meM ina vRttiyoM kA abhAva hI hai / vaidikoM ke ina devoM kI pUjyatA koI AdhyAtmika zakti ke kAraNa nahIM kintu nAnA prakAra se anugraha aura nigraha zakti ke kAraNa hai jaba ki jainoM ke ArAdhya aisI koI zakti ke kAraNa pUjya nahIM kintu vItarAgatA ke kAraNa ArAdhya haiN| ArAdhaka meM vItarAga ke prati jo Adara hai vaha use unakI pUjA meM prerita karatA hai jaba ki vaidika devoM kA Dara ArAdhaka ke yajJa kA kAraNa hai| vaidikoM ne bhUdevoM kI kalpanA to kI kintu ve kAlakrama se svArthI ho gaye the| unako apanI purohitAI kI rakSA karanI thii| kintu jainoM ke bhUdeva vItarAga mAnava ke rUpa meM kalpita haiN| unheM yajJAdi karake kamAI kA koI sAdhana juTAnA nahIM thaa| dhArmika karmakAMDa meM vaidika meM yajJa mukhya thA jo adhikAMza binA hiMsA yA pazu-vadha ke pUrNa nahIM hotA thA jaba ki jainadharma meM kriyAkAMDa tapasyArUpa hai-anazana aura dhyAnarUpa hai jisameM hiMsA kA nAma nahIM hai| ye vaidika yajJa devoM ko prasanna karane ke lie kiye jAte the jaba ki jainoM meM apanI AtmA ke utkarSa ke lie hI dhArmika anuSThAna hote the / usameM kisI deva ko prasanna karane kI bAta kA koI sthAna nahIM thaa| unake deva to vItarAga hote the jo prasanna bhI nahIM hote aura aprasanna bhI nahIM hote| ve to kevala anukaraNIya ke rUpa meM prArAdhya the| vaidikoM ne nAnA prakAra ke indrAdi devoM kI kalpanA kara rakhI thI jo tInoM loka meM the aura unakA varga manuSya varga se bhinna thA aura manuSya ke liye ArAdhya thaa| kintu jainoM ne jo eka varga ke rUpa meM devoM kI kalpanA kI hai ve mAnava varga se pRthagvarga hote hue bhI unakA vaha varga saba manuSyoM ke lie prArAdhya koTi meM nahIM hai| manuSya deva kI pUjA bhautika unnati ke lie bhale kare kintu Atmika unnati ke lie to usase koI lAbha nahIM aisA mantavya jainadharma kA hai| ataeva aise hI vItarAga manuSyoM kI kalpanA jainadharma ne kI jo devoM ke bhI ArAdhya haiM / deva bhI usa manuSya kI sevA karate haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki deva kI nahIM kintu mAnava kI pratiSThA baDhAne meM jainadharma agrasara hai / deva yA Izvara isa vizva kA nirmAtA yA niyaMtA hai, aisI kalpanA vaidikoM kI dekhI jAtI hai| usake rathAna meM jainoM kA siddhAnta hai ki sRSTi to anAdi kAla

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( 17 ) .se calI AtI hai, usakA niyaMtraNa yA sarjana prANiyoM ke karma se hotA hai, kisI anya kAraNa se nahIM / vizva ke mUla meM koI eka hI tattva honA jarUrI hai - isa viSaya meM vaidika niSThA dekhI jAya to vividha prakAra kI hai / arthAt vaha eka tattva kyA hai, isa viSaya meM nAnA mata haiM kintu ye sabhI mata isa bAta meM to ekamata haiM ki vizva ke mUla meM koI eka hI tattva thA / isa viSaya meM jainoM kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki vizva ke mUla meM koI eka tattva nahIM kintu vaha to nAnA tattvoM kA saMmelana hai / " veda ke bAda brAhmaNakAla meM to devoM ko gauNatA prApta ho gaI aura yajJa hI mukhya bana gaye / purohitoM ne yajJakriyA kA itanA mahattva bar3hAyA ki yajJa yadi ucita DhaMga se hoM to devatA ke lie granivArya ho gayA ki ve apanI icchA na hote hue bhI yajJa ke parAdhIna ho gaye / eka prakAra se yaha devoM para mAnavoM ko vijaya thI kintu isameM bhI doSa yaha thA ki mAnava kA eka varga -- brAhmaNavarga hI yajJa-vidhi ko apane ekAdhipatya meM rakhane laga gayA thA / usa varga kI anivAryatA itanI bar3hA dI gaI thI ki unake binA aura unake dvArA kie gaye vaidika mantrapATha aura vidhividhAna ke binA yajJa kI saMpUti ho hI nahIM sakatI thii| kintu jainadharma meM isake viparIta dekhA jAtA hai / jo bhI tyAga-tapasyA kA mArga apanAve cAhe vaha zUdra hI kyoM na ho, gurupada ko prApta kara sakatA thA aura mAnavamAtra kA saccA mArgadarzaka bhI banatA thA / zUdra vedapATha kara hI nahIM sakatA thA kintu jainazAstrapATha meM unake lie koI bAdhA nahIM thI / dharmamArga meM strI aura puruSa kA samAna adhikAra thA, donoM hI sAdhanA karake mokSa pA sakate the / vedAdhyayana meM zabda kA mahattva thA ataeva vedamantroM ke saMskRta bhASA ko pavitra mAnA gayA, use mahattva mil| / kA nahIM, padArtha kA mahattva thA / ataeva unake yahAM dharma ke surakSA huI kintu zabdoM kI surakSA nahIM huI / pariNAma spaSTa thA ki ve saMskRta ko nahIM, kintu lokabhASA prAkRta ko hI mahattva de sakate the / prakRti ke anusAra sadaiva ekarUpa raha hI nahIM sakatI thI, jaba ki vaidika saMskRta usI rUpa meM prAja vedoM meM upalabdha hai / ke kAla meM vaidikadharma meM brAhmaNoM kA prabhutva spaSTarUpa se vidita hotA hai, jaba ki jabase jainadharma kA itihAsa jJAta hai tabase usameM brAhmaNa nahIM kintu kSatriyavagaM hI netA mAnA gayA hai / upaniSad kAla meM vaidikadharmaM meM brAhmaNoM ke samakSa prAkRta apanI vaha badalatI ho gaI upaniSadoM ke pahale pATha kI surakSA huI, kintu jainoM meM pada maulika siddhAMta kI

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kSatriyoM ne apanA sira uThAyA hai aura vaha bhI vidyA ke kSetra meN| kintu vaha vidyA veda na hokara AtmavidyA thI aura upaniSadoM meM AtmavidyA kA hI prAdhAnya ho gayA hai| yaha brAhmagavagaM ke Upara spaSTarUpa se kSatriyoM ke prabhutva kI sUcanA detA hai| vaidika aura jainadharma meM isa prakAra kA virodha dekhakara Adhunika pazcima ke vidvAnoM ne prAraMbha meM yaha likhanA zurU kiyA ki bauddhadharma kI hI taraha jainadharma bhI vaidikadharma ke virodha ke lie khar3A huA eka krAntikAro nayA dharma hai yA vaha bauddhadharma kI eka zAkhAmAtra hai| kintu jaise-jaise jainadharma aura bauddhadharma ke maulika sAhitya kA vizeSa adhyayana bar3hA, pazcimI vidvAnoM ne hI unakA bhrama dUra kiyA aura bhaba sulajhe hue pazcimI vidvAn aura bhAratIya vidvAn bhI yaha ucita hI mAnane lage haiM ki jainadharma eka svatantra dharma hai-vaha vaidika dharma kI zAkhA nahIM hai| kintu hamAre yahA~ ke kucha adhakacare vidvAn abhI bhI una purAne pazcimI vidvAnoM kA anukaraNa karake yaha likha rahe haiM ki jainadharma to vaidikadharma kI zAkhAmAtra hai yA vedadharma ke virodha meM khar3A hayA nayA dharma hai| yadyapi hama prAcInatA ke pakSapAtI nahIM haiM, prAcIna honemAtra se hI jainadharma acchA nahIM ho jAtA kintu jo paristhiti hai usakA yathAryarUpa se nirUpaNa jarUrI hone se hI yaha kaha rahe haiM ki jainadharma veda ke virodha meM khar3A honevAlA nayA dharma nahIM hai| anya vidvAnoM kA anusaraNa karake hama yaha kahane ke lie bAdhya haiM ki bhArata ke bAharI pradeza meM rahanevAle Arya loga jaba bhArata meM Aye taba jisa dharma se bhArata meM unakI Takkara huI thI usa dharma kA hI vikasita rUpa jainadharma hai--aisA adhika saMbhava hai| yadi veda se hI isa dharma kA vikAsa hotA yA kevala vaidikadharma kA virodha hI karanA hotA to jaise anya vaidikoM ne veda kA prAmANya mAnakara hI vedavirodhI bAtoM kA pravartana kara diyA, jaise upaniSad ke RSiyoM ne, vaise hI jainadharma meM bhI hotA kintu aisA nahIM huaA hai, ye to nAstika hI gine gaye-veda niMdaka ho gine gaye haiM-inhoMne vedaprAmANya kabhI svIkRta kiyA hI nhiiN| aisI paristhiti meM use vaidikadharma kI zAkhA nahIM ginA jA sktaa| satya to yaha hai ki veda ke mAnanevAle Arya jaise-jaise pUrva kI ora bar3he haiM vaise-vaise ve bhautikatA se dUra haTakara AdhyAtmikatA meM agrasara hote rahe haiM aisA kyoM huA? isake kAraNoM kI jaba khoja kI jAtI hai taba yahI phalita hotA hai ki ve jaise-jaise saMskArI prajA ke prabhAva meM Aye haiM vaise-vaise unhone apanA ravaiyA badalA hai--usI badalate hue ravaiye kI gUMja upaniSadoM ko racanA meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| upaniSadoM meM kaI vedamAnyatAoM kA virodha to hai phira bhI ve veda ke aMga bane aura vedAnta kahalAe,

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( 16 ) yaha eka ora veda kA prabhAva aura dUsarI ora naI sUjha kA samanvaya hI to hai / veda kA aMga banakara vedAnta kahalAe aura eka taraha se veda kA anta bhI kara diyA / upaniSad bana jAne ke bAda dArzanikoM ne veda ko eka ora rakhakara upaniSadoM ke sahAre hI veda kI pratiSThA bar3hAnI zurU kI / vedabhakti rahI kintu niSThA to upaniSad meM hI bar3hI / eka samaya yaha bhI AyA ki veda kI dhvanimAtra raha gaI aura artha nadArada ho gayA / usake thaM kA uddhAra madhyakAla meM huA bhI to vaha vedAnta ke artha ko agrasara karake hI huA / Adhunika kAla meM bhI dayAnaMda jaisoM ne bhI yaha sAhasa nahIM kiyA ki veda ke maulika hiMsA - pradhAna arthaM kI pratiSThA kreN| veda ke hrAsa kA yaha kAraNa pUrvabhArata kI prajA ke saMskAroM meM nihita hai aura jainadharma ke pravartaka mahApuruSa jitane bhI hue haiM ve mukhyarUpa se pUrvabhArata kI hI dena hai / jaba hama yaha dekhate haiM to sahaja hI anumAna hotA hai ki pUrvabhArata kA yaha dharma hI jainadharma ke udaya kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai jisane vaidika dharmaM ko bhI nayA rUpa diyA aura hiMsaka tathA bhautika dharma ko ahiMsA aura AdhyAtmikatA kA nayA pATha par3hAyA | w taka pazcimI vidvAnoM ne kevala veda aura vaidika sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura jaba taka siMdhusaMskRti ko prakAza meM lAnevAle khudAI kArya nahIM hue the taba taka -- bhArata jo kucha saMskRti hai, usakA mUla veda meM hI honA cAhie - aisA pratipAdana ve karate rahe / kintu jaba se mohenajodAro aura harappA kI khudAI huI hai taba se pazcima ke vidvAnoM ne apanA mata badala diyA hai aura veda ke alAvA veda se bhI bar3ha-car3hakara vedapUrvakAla meM bhAratIya saMskRti thI isa natIje para pahu~ce haiM / aura aba to usa tathAkathita siMdhusaMskRti ke avazeSa prAyaH samagra bhAratavarSa meM dikhAI dete haiM- aisI paristhiti meM bhAratIya dharmoM ke itihAsa ko usa naye prakAza meM dekhane kA prAraMbha pazcimIya aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai aura kaI vidvAn isa natIje para pahuMce haiM ki jainadharmaM vaidikadharma se svataMtra hai / vaha usako zAkhA nahIM hai aura na vaha kevala usake virodha meM hI khar3A huA hai / prAcIna yati-- muni zramaNa : mohenajodAro meM aura harappA meM jo khudAI huI usake avazeSoM kA adhyayana karake vidvAnoM ne usakI saMskRti ko sindhusaMskRti nAma diyA thA aura khudAI meM sabase nimnattara meM milane vAle avazeSoM ko vaidika saMskRti se bhI prAcIna saMskRti ke avazeSa haiM - aisA pratipAdana kiyA thA / sindhusaMskRti ke samAna hI saMskRti

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( 20 ) ke avazeSa aba to bhArata ke kaI bhAgoM meM mile haiM-use dekhate hue usa prAcIna saMskRti kA nAma sindhusaMskRti avyApta ho jAtA hai| vaidika saMskRti yadi bhArata ke bAhara se Ane vAle pAryoM kI saMskRti hai to sindhusaMskRti kA yathArtha nAma bhAratIya saMskRti hI ho sakatA hai| __aneka sthaloM meM honevAlI khudAI meM jo nAnA prakAra kI mohareM milI haiM una para koI na koI lipi meM likhA huA bhI milA hai| vaha lipi saMbhava hai ki citralipi ho| kintu durbhAgya hai ki usa lipi kA yathArtha vAcana abhI taka ho nahIM pAyA hai| aisI sthiti meM usakI bhASA ke viSaya meM kucha bhI kahanA saMbhava nahIM hai| aura ve loga apane dharma ko kyA kahate the, yaha kisI likhita pramANa se jAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu anya jo sAmagrI milI hai usa para se vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usa prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti meM yoga ko avazya sthAna thaa| yaha to hama acchI taraha se jAnate haiM ki vaidika AryoM meM veda aura brAhmaNakAla meM yoga kI koI carcA nahIM hai| unameM to yajJa ko hI mahattva kA sthAna milA hRyA hai| dUsarI ora jaina-bauddha meM yajJa kA virodha thA aura yoga kA mhttv| aisI paristhiti meM yadi jainadharma ko tathAkathita sindhusaMskRti se bhI saMbaddha kiyA jAya to ucita hogaa| aba prazna yaha hai ki vedakAla meM unakA nAma kyA rahA hogA ? pAryoM ne jinake sAtha yuddha kiyA unheM dAsa, da yU jaise nAma diye haiN| kintu usase hamArA kAma nahIM cltaa| hameM to yaha zabda cAhie jisase usa saMskRti kA bodha ho jisameM yogaprakriyA kA mahattva ho| ye dAsa-dasyU pura meM rahate the aura unake puroM kA nAza karake AryoM ke mukhiyA indra ne purandara kI padavI ko prApta kiyaa| usI indra ne yatiyoM aura muniyoM kI bhI hatyA ko hai-aisA ullekha milatA hai (athavaM0 2. 5. 3 ) / adhika saMbhava yahI hai ki ye muni aura yati zabda una mUla bhArata ke nivAsiyoM kI saMskRti ke sUcaka haiM aura inhI zabdoM kI vizeSa pratiSThA jainasaMskRti meM prAraMbha se dekhI bhI jAtI hai / ataeva yadi jainadharma kA purAnA nAma yatidharma yA munidharma mAnA jAya to isameM Apatti ko bAta na hogii| yati aura munidharma dIrghakAla ke pravAha meM bahatA huA kaI zAkhA-prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| yahI hAla vaidikoM kA bhI thaa| prAcIna jaina aura bauddha zAstroM meM dharmoM ke vividha pravAhoM ko sUtrabaddha karake zramaNa aura brAhmaNa ina do vibhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| inameM brAhmaNa to ve haiM jo vaidika saMskRti ke anuyAyI haiM aura zeSa sabhI kA samAveza zramaNoM meM hotA thaa| ataeva isa

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( 21 ) dRSTi se hama kaha sakate haiM ki bha0 mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya meM jainadharma kA samAveza zramaNavarga meM thaa| Rgveda (10.136.2) meM 'vAtarazanA muni' kA ullekha huA hai jisakA artha hai nagna muni| aura AraNyaka meM jAkara to zramaNa aura 'vAtarazanA' kA ekIkaraNa bhI ullikhita hai| upaniSad meM tApasa aura zramaNoM ko eka batAyA gayA hai (bRhadA0 4.3.22) / ina sabakA eka sAtha vicAra karane para zramaNoM kI tapasyA aura yoga kI pravRtti jJAta hotI hai| Rgveda ke vAtarazanA muni aura yati bhI ye hI ho sakate haiN| isa dRSTi se bhI jainadharma kA saMbaMdha zramaNa-paraMparA se siddha hotA hai aura isa zramaNa-paraMparA kA virodha vaidika yA brAhmaNa-paraMparA se calA A rahA hai, isakI siddhi ukta vaidika tathya se hotI hai ki indra ne yatiyoM aura muniyoM ko hatyA kI tathA pataMjali ke usa vaktavya se bhI hotI hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki zramaga aura brAhmaNoM kA zAzvatika virodha hai (pAtaMjala mahAbhASya 5.4.6) / jainazAstroM meM pAMca prakAra ke zramaga ginAe haiM unameM eka nirgrantha zramaNa kA prakAra hai-yahI jainadharma ke anuyAyI zramaNa haiN| unakA bauddhagranthoM meM nigraMnya nAma se paricaya karAyA gayA hai-isase isa mata kI puSTi hotI haiM ki jaina muni yA yati ko bha. buddha ke samaya meM nigrantha kahA jAtA thA aura ve zramagoM ke eka varga meM the| ___ sArAMza yaha hai ki vedakAla meM jainoM ke purakhe muni yA yati meM zAmila the| usake bAda unakA samAveza zramaNoM meM huA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya ve nigrantha nAma se vizeSarUpa se prasiddha the| jaina nAma jainoM kI taraha bauddhoM ke lie bhI prasiddha rahA hai kyoMki donoM meM jina kI ArAdhanA samAnarUpa se hotI thii| kintu bhArata se bauddhadharma ke prAyaH lopa ke bAda kevala mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie jaina nAma raha gayA jo Aja taka cAlU hai / tIrthakaroM kI paraMparA : jaina-paraMparA ke anusAra isa bhAratavarSa meM kAlacakra utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka meM chaH pAre hote haiN| abhI avasarpiNI kAla cala rahA hai| isake pUrva utsapigI kAla thaa| avasarpiNI ke samApta hone para punaH utsarpiNI kAlacakra zurU hogaa| isa prakAra anAdikAla se yaha kAlacakra cala rahA hai aura anantakAla taka clegaa| utsarpiNI meM sabhI bhAva unnati ko prApta hote haiM aura avasarpiNI meM 'hAsa ko| kintu donoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA hai| unakI

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( 22 ) saMkhyA pratyeka meM 24 kI mAnI gaI hai| tadanusAra prastuta avasarpiNI meM abataka 24 tIrthakara ho cuke haiN| aMtima tIrthaMkara vardhamAna mahAvIra hue aura prathama tIthaMkara Rssbhdev| ina donoM ke bIca kA antara asaMkhya varSa hai| arthAt jaina-paraMparA ke anusAra RSabhadeva kA samaya bhAratIya jJAta itihAsakAla meM nahIM aataa| unake astitvakAla kI yathArthatA siddha karane kA hamAre pAsa koI sAdhana nhiiN| ataeva hama unheM paurANika kAla ke antargata le sakate haiN| unakI avadhi nizcita nahIM krte| kintu RSabhadeva kA caritra jainapurANoM meM varNita hai aura usameM jo samAja kA citraNa hai vaha aisA hai ki use hama saMskRti kA uSaH kAla kaha sakate haiN| usa samAja meM rAjA nahI thA, logoM ko likhanA-par3hanA, khetI karanA aura hathiyAra calAnA nahIM bhAtA thaa| samAja meM abhI susaMskRta lagnaprathA ne praveza nahIM kiyA thaa| bhAI-bahana pati-patnI kI taraha vyavahAra karate aura saMtAnotpatti hotI thii| isa samAja ko susaMskRta banAne kA prAraMbha RSabhadeva ne kiyaa| ___ yahA~ hameM Rgveda ke yama-yamI saMvAda kI yAda AtI hai| usameM yamI jo yama kI bahana hai vaha yama ke sAtha saMbhoga kI icchA karatI hai kintu yama ne nahIM mAnA, aura dUsare puruSa kI talAza karane ko khaa| usase yaha jhalaka milatI hai ki bhAI-bahana kA pati-patnI hokara rahanA kisI samaya samAja meM jAyaja thA kintu usa prathA ke prati Rgveda ke samaya meM aruci spaSTa hai| Rgveda kA samAja RSabhadevakAlIna samAja se bhAge bar3hA huA hai-isameM saMdeha nahIM hai| kRSi Adi kA usa samAja meM pracalana spaSTa hai| isa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to RSabhadeva ke samAja kA kAla Rgveda se bhI prAcIna ho jAtA hai| kitanA prAcIna, yaha kahanA saMbhava nahIM ataeva usako carcA karanA nirarthaka hai| jisa prakAra jaina zAstroM meM rAjaparaMparA kI sthApanA kI carcA hai aura utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla kI vyavasthA hai vaise hI kAla kI dRSTi se unnati aura hrAsa kA citra tathA rAjaparaMparA kI sthApanA kA citra bauddhaparaMparA meM bhI milatA hai| isake lie dIghanikAya ke cakkavattisutta ( bhAga 3, pR0 46 ) tathA aggajasutta ( bhAga 3, pR0 63 ) dekhanA caahie| jainaparaMparA ke kulakaroM kI paraMparA meM nAbhi aura unake putra RSabha kA jo sthAna hai karIba vaisA hI sthAna bauddhaparaMparA meM mahAsaMmata kA hai ( aggajhasutta-dIgha0 kA ) aura sAmayika paristhiti bhI donoM meM karIbakarIba samAnarUpa se citrita hai| saMskRti ke vikAsa kA use prAraMbha kAla kahA jA sakatA hai| ye saba varNana paurANika haiM, yahI usakI prAcInatA meM prabala pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai|

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( 23 ) hindu purANoM meM RSabhacarita ne sthAna pAyA hai aura unake mAtA-pitA marudevI aura nAbhi ke nAma bhI vahI haiM jaisA jainaparaMparA mAnatI hai aura unake tyAga aura tapasyA kA bhI vahI rUpa hai jaisA jainaparaMparA meM varNita hai / aura AzrayaM to yaha hai ki unako vedavirodhI mAna kara bhI viSNu ke avatArarUpa se buddha kI taraha mAnA gayA hai / 1 yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki RSabha kA vyaktitva prabhAvaka thA aura janatA meM pratiSThita bhI / aisA na hotA to vaidika paraMparA meM tathA purANoM meM unako viSNu ke avatAra kA sthAna na miltaa| jainaparaMparA meM to unakA sthAna prathama tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM nizcita kiyA gayA hai| unakI sAdhanA kA krama yajJa na hokara tapasyA hai - yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki ve zramaNaparaMparA se mukhyarUpa se saMbaddha the / zramaNaparaMparA meM yajJa dvArA deva meM nahIM kintu apane karma dvArA apane meM vizvAsa mukhya hai / paM0 zrI kailAzacandra ne ziva aura RSabha ke ekIkaraNa kI jo saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai aura jaina tathA zaiva dharma kA mUla eka paraMparA meM khojane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai vaha sarvamAnya ho yA na ho kintu itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki RSabha kA vyaktitva aisA thA jo vaidikoM ko bhI AkarSita karatA thA aura unakI prAcInakAla se aisI prasiddhi rahI jisakI upekSA karanA saMbhava nahIM thA / ataeva RSabhacarita ne eka yA dUsare prasaMga se vedoM se lekara purANoM aura aMta meM zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI viziSTa avatAroM meM sthAna prApta kiyA hai / ataeva DA. jekobI ne bhI jainoM kI isa paraMparA meM ki jainadharma kA prAraMbha RSabhadeva se huA hai - satya kI saMbhAvanA mAnI hai / 3 DA. rAdhAkRSNan ne yajurveda meM RSabha, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi kA ullekha hone kI bAta kahI hai kintu DA0 zubriga mAnate haiM ki vaisI koI sUcanA usameM nahIM hai / 4 paM. zrI kailAzacandra ne DA0 rAdhAkRSNan kA samarthana kiyA hai / kintu isa viSaya meM nirNaya ke lie adhika gaveSaNA kI AvazyakatA hai / Vol. V. part II. p, 995; 1. History of Dharmasastra, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrvapIThikA, pR0 120. 2. jai0 sA0 30 pUrvapIThikA, pR0 107. 3. dekhiye - jai0 sA0 i0 pU0, pR0 5. DaoNkTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 27, Ti. 2. jai0 sA0 i0 pU0, pR0 1080 4. 5.

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eka aisI bhI mAnyatA vidvAnoM meM pracalita hai ki jainoM ne apane 24 tIthaMkaroM kI nAmAvali kI pUrti prAcInakAla meM bhArata meM prasiddha una mahApuruSoM ke nAmoM ko lekara kI hai jo jainadharma ko apanAnevAle vibhinna vargoM ke logoM meM mAnya the| isa viSaya meM hama itanA hI kahanA cAhate haiM ki ye mahApuruSa yajJoM kI-hiMsaka yajJoM kI pratiSThA karanevAle nahIM the kintu karuNA kI aura tyAga-tapasyA kI tathA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI pratiSThA karanevAle the-aisA mAnA jAya to isameM Apatti kI koI bAta nahIM ho sktii| jainaparaMparA meM RSabha se lekara bha* mahAvIra taka 24 tIrthaMkara mAne jAte haiM unameM se kucha hI kA nirdeza jainetara zAstroM meM hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI jo kathAe~ jainapurANoM meM dI gaI haiM unameM aisI kathAeM bhI haiM jo anyatra bhI prasiddha haiM, kintu nAmAntaroM se| ataeva unapara vizeSa vicAra na karake yahA~ unhIM tIrthaMkaro para vizeSa vicAra karanA hai jinakA nAmasAmya anyatra upalabdha hai yA jinake viSaya meM binA nAma ke bhI nizcita pramANa mila sakate haiN| bauddha aMguttaranikAya meM pUrvakAla meM honevAle sAta zAstA vItarAga tIrthaMkaroM kI bAta bhagavAn buddha ne kahI hai--"bhUtapupvaM bhikkhave sunetto nAma satthA ahosi titthakaro kAmesu vItarAgo .. magapakkha - 'aranemi.. kuddAlaka... hasthipAla... "jotipAla .arako nAma satthA ahosi titthakaro kAmesu viitraago| arakassa kho pana, bhikkhave, satthuno anekAni sAvakasatAni ahesuM" ( bhAga 3. pR0 256-257 ) / ___isI prasaMga meM arakasutta meM araka kA upadeza kaisA thA, yaha bhI bha. buddhane varNita kiyA hai| unakA upadeza thA ki "appakaM jIvitaM manussAnaM parittaM, lahukaM bahudukkhaM bahupAyAsaM mantayaM boddhavvaM, kattabbaM kusalaM, caritabbaM brahmacariyaM, nasthi jAtassa amaraNaM' (pR0257)| aura manuSyajIvana kI isa nazvaratA ke lie upamA dI hai ki sUrya ke nikalane para jaise tRNAna meM sthita ( ghAsa Adi para par3A ) prosabindu tatkAla vinaSTa ho jAtA hai vaise hI manuSya kA yaha jIvana bhI zIghra maraNAdhIna hotA hai| isa prakAra isa aosabindu kI upamA ke alAvA pAnI ke budbuda aura pAnI meM daMDarAjI Adi kA bhI udAharaNa dekara jIvana kI kSaNikatA batAI gaI hai ( pR0 258 ) / ___ araka ke isa upadeza ke sAtha uttarAdhyayanagata 'samayaM goyama mA pamAyae' upadeza tulanIya hai ( uttarA. a. 10) / usameM bhI jIvana kI kSaNikatA 1. Doctrine of the Jainas, p. 28.

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( 25 ) ke Upara bhAra diyA gayA hai aura apramAdI banane ko kahA gayA hai| usameM bhI kahA hai kusagge jaha osabindue thovaM ciTThai lNbmaanne| evaM maNuyANa jIviyaM samayaM goyama mA pmaaye| araka ke samaya ke viSaya meM bha0 buddha ne kahA hai ki araka tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM manuSyoM kI Ayu 60 hajAra varSa kI hotI thI, 500 varSa kI kumArikA pati ke yogya mAnI jAtI thii| usa samaya ke manuSyoM ko kevala chaH prakAra kI pIr3A hotI thI--zIta, uSNa, bhUkha, tRSA, pezAba karanA aura malotsarga krnaa| inake alAvA koI rogAdi kI pIr3A na hotI thii| itanI bar3I Ayu aura itanI kama pIr3A phira bhI araka kA upadeza jIvana kI nazvaratA kA aura jIvana meM bahRduHkha kA thaa| bhagavAna buddha dvArA varNita isa araka tIrthaMkara kI bAta kA aThArahaveM jaina tIrthakara ara ke sAtha kucha mela baiTha sakatA hai yA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| jainazAstroM ke AdhAra se ara kI Ayu 84000 varSa mAnI gaI hai aura unake bAda honevAlI mallI tIrthaMkara kI Ayu 55 hajAra varSa hai| ataeva paurANika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to araka kA samaya ara aura mallI ke bIca ThaharatA hai| isa Ayu ke bheda ko na mAnA jAya to itanA kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki ara yA araka nAmaka koI mahAn vyakti prAcIna purANakAla meM huaA thA jinheM bauddha aura jaina donoM ne tIrthaMkara kA pada diyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki isa paraka se bhI pahale buddha ke mata se aranemi nAmaka eka tIrthaMkara hue haiN| buddha ke batAye gaye aranemi aura jaina tIrthaMkara ara kA bhI kucha saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai| nAmasAmya AMzika rUpa se hai ho aura donoM kI paurANikatA bhI mAnya hai| bauddha theragAthA meM eka ajita thera ke nAma se gAthA hai "maraNe me bhayaM nasthi nikanti natthi jiivite| sandehaM nikkhipissAmi sampajAno paTissato // " -theragAthA 1.20 usakI aTThakathA meM kahA gayA hai ki ye ajita 61 kalpa ke pahale pratyekabuddha ho gaye haiN| jainoM ke dUsare tIthaMkara ajita aura ye pratyekabuddha ajita yogyatA aura nAma ke alAvA paurANikatA meM bhI sAmya rakhate haiN| mahAbhArata meM ajita aura ziva kA aikya varNita hai| bauddhoM ke, mahAbhArata ke aura jainoM ke ajita eka haiM

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( 26 ) yA bhinna, yaha kahanA kaThina hai kintu itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki ajita nAmaka vyakti ne prAcInakAla meM pratiSThA pAI thii| __ bauddhapiTaka meM niggantha nAtaputta kA kaI bAra nAma AtA hai aura unake upadeza kI kaI bAteM aisI haiM jisase niggantha nAtaputta kI jJAtaputra bhagavAn mahAvIra se abhinnatA siddha hotI hai| isa viSaya meM sarvaprathama DA0 jekobI ne vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA thA aura aba to yaha bAta sarvamAnya ho gaI hai| DaoN. jekobI ne bauddhapiTaka se hI bha0 pAzvanAtha ke astitva ko bhI sAbita kiyA hai| bha0 mahAvIra ke upadezoM meM bauddhapiTakoM meM bArabAra ullekha AtA hai ki unhoMne caturyAma kA upadeza diyA hai| DaoN. jekobI ne isa parase anumAna lagAyA hai ki buddha ke samaya meM caturyAma kA pAzrvanAtha dvArA diyA gayA upadeza jaisA ki svayaM jainadharma kI paraMparA meM mAnA gayA hai, pracalita thaa| bha0 mahAvIra ne usa caturyAma ke sthAna meM pAMca mahAvrata kA upadeza diyA thaa| isa bAta ko buddha jAnate na the| ataeva jo pAzvakA upadeza thA use mahAvIra kA upadeza kahA gyaa| bauddhapiTaka ke isa galata ullekha se jaina paraMparA ko mAnya pArzva aura unake upadeza kA astitva siddha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra bauddhapiTaka se hama pArzvanAtha ke astitva ke viSaya meM prabala pramANa pAte haiN| ___ sorensana ne mahAbhArata ke vizeSanAmoM kA koSa banAyA hai| usake dekhane se patA calatA hai ki supAzvaM, candra aura sumati ye tIna nAma aise haiM jo tIthaMkaroM ke nAmoM se sAmya rakhate haiM / vizeSa bAta yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI hai ki ye tInoM hI asura haiN| aura yaha bhI hama jAnate haiM ki paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra arhatoM ne jo jainadharma kA upadeza diyA hai vaha vizeSataH asuroM ke lie thaa| arthAt vaidika paurANika mAnyatA ke anusAra jainadharma asuroM kA dharma hai| Izvara ke avatAroM meM jisa prakAra RSabha ko avatAra mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra supAzvaM ko mahAbhArata meM kupatha nAmaka asura kA aMzAvatAra mAnA gayA hai| candra ko bhI maMzAvatAra mAnA gayA hai| sumati nAmaka asura ke lie kahA gayA hai ki varuNaprAsAda meM unakA sthAna daityoM aura dAnavoM meM thaa| tathA eka anya sumati nAma ke RSi kA bhI mahAbhArata meM ullekha hai jo bhISma ke samakAlIna batAe gae haiN| jisa prakAra bhAgavata meM RSabha ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra avatAra ke rUpa meM to nahIM kintu viSNu aura ziva ke jo sahasranAma mahAbhArata meM diye gaye haiM unameM zreyasa, ananta, dharma, zAnti aura saMbhava-ye nAma viSNu ke bhI haiM aura aise hI nAma jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke bhI milate haiN| sahasranAmoM

Page #19
( 27 ) ke abhyAsa se yaha patA calatA hai ki paurANika mahApuruSoM kA abheda viSNu se aura ziva se karanA--yaha bhI usakA eka prayojana thaa| prastuta meM ina nAmoM se jaina tIrthakara abhipreta haiM yA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| ziva ke nAmoM meM bhI ananta, dharma, ajita, RSabha-ye nAma pAte haiM ,jo tattat tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma bhI haiN| __ zAnti viSNu kA bhI nAma hai, yaha kahA hI gayA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra usa nAma ke eka indra aura RSi bhI hue haiN| inakA saMbandha zAnti nAmaka jaina tIrthaMkara se hai yA nahIM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| bIsaveM tIrthakara ke nAma munisuvrata meM muni ko suvrata kA vizeSaNa mAnA jAya to suvrata nAma ThaharatA hai| mahAbhArata meM viSNu aura ziva kA bhI eka nAma suvrata milatA hai| nAmasAmya ke alAvA jo ina mahApuruSoM kA saMbaMdha asuroM se jor3A jAtA hai vaha isa bAta ke lie to pramANa banatA hI hai ki ye vedavirodhI the| unakA vedavirodhI honA unake zramaNaparaMparA se saMbaddha hone kI saMbhAvanA ko dRr3ha karatA hai| AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa : sAMpratakAla meM bhAgama rUpa se jo granya upalabdha haiM aura mAnya haiM unakI sUcI nIce dI jAtI hai| unakA vargIkaraNa karake yaha sUcI dI hai kyoMki prAyaH usI rUpa meM vargIkaraNa sAMpratakAla meM mAnya hai 11 aMga-jo zvetAmbaroM ke sabhI saMpradAyoM ko mAnya haiM ve haiM 1 AyAra (prAcAra ), 2 sUyagaDa ( sUtrakRta), 3 ThANa ( sthAna ), 4 samavAya, 5 viyAhapannatti ( vyAkhyAprajJapti), 6 nAyAdhammakahAo ( jJAta-dharmakathAH ), 7 uvAsagadasAyo ( upAsakadazAH ), 8 aMtagaDadasAo (antakRddazAH), 6 anuttarovavAiyadasAno (anuttaraupapAtikadazAH), 10 paNhAvAgaraNAI ( praznavyAkaraNAni ), 11 vivAgasuyaM ( vipAkazrutam ) ( 12 dRSTivAda, jo vicchinna huaA hai ) / 12 upAMga--jo zvetAmbaroM ke tInoM saMpradAyoM ko mAnya haiM 1 uvavAiyaM ( aupapAtikaM ), 2 rAyapaseNaija ( rAjaprasenajitkaM ) athavA rAyapaseNiyaM ( rAjapraznIyaM ), 3 jIvAjIvAbhigama, 4 paNNavaNA ( prajJApanA ), 5 sUrapaNNatti ( sUryaprajJapti ), 6 jaMbuddIvapaNNatti (jambUdvIpaprajJapti), 7 caMdapaNNatti ( candraprajJapti), 8-12 nirayAvaliyAsuyakkhaMdha (nirayAvalikAzrutaskandha ): 8 nirayAvaliyAno ( nirayAvalikAH ), 6 kappaDisiyAno ( kalpAvataMsikAH ), 1. vizeSa vistRta carcA ke lie dekhie-pro0 kApaDiyA kA e hisTrI oNpha dI kenonikala liTarecara oNpha jainsa, prakaraNa 2.

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( 28 ) 10 puphiyAno ( puSpikAH ), 11 pupphacUlAno ( puSpacUlAH ), 12 vaNhidasAno ( vRSNidazAH ) / 10 prakIrNaka-jo kevala zve0 mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya ko mAnya haiM 1 causaraNa ( catuHzaraNa ), 2 pAurapaJcakkhANa ( AturapratyAkhyAna ), 3 bhattaparinnA ( bhaktaparijJA ), 4 saMthAra ( saMstAra ), 5 taMDulaveyAliya ( taMDula vaicArika ), 6 caMdavejjhaya ( candravedhyaka), 7 devindatyaya ( devendrastava ), 8 gaNivijA ( gaNividyA ), 6 mahApaccakkhANa ( mahApratyAkhyAna ), 10 vIratthaya ( vIrastava ) / 6 cheda-1 AyAradasA athavA dasA ( AcAradazA ), 2 kappa ( kalpa' ), 3 vavahAra ( vyavahAra ), 4 nisIha ( nizItha ), 5 mahAnisIha ( mahAnizItha ), 6 jIyakappa ( jItakalpa ) / inameM se aMtima do sthA0 aura terApaMthI ko mAnya nahIM haiN| 2 cUlikAsUtra-1 nandI, 2 aNuyogadArA ( anuyogadvArANi ) / 4 mUlasUtra-1 uttarajjhAyA (uttarAdhyAyAH), 2 dasaveyAliya (dazavakAlika), 3 zrAvassaya ( Avazyaka ), 4 piNDanijjutti ( piNDaniyukti ) / inameM se aMtima sthA0 aura terA0 ko mAnya nahIM hai| yaha jo gaNanA dI gaI hai usameM eka ke badale kabhI-kabhI dUsarA bhI AtA hai, jaise piNDaniyukti ke sthAna meM prodhaniyukti / dazaprakIrNakoM meM bhI nAmabheda dekhA jAtA hai| cheda meM bhI nAmabheda hai| kabhI-kabhI paMcakalpa ko isa varga meM zAmila kiyA jAtA hai| prAcIna upalabdha AgamoM meM AgamoM kA jo paricaya diyA gayA hai usameM yaha pATha hai-"iha khalu samaNeNaM bhagavayA mahAvIreNaM AigareNaM titthagareNaM.. ime duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage paNNatte, taM jahA-AyAre sUyagaDe ThANe samavAe viyAhapannatti nAyAdhammakahAo uvAsagadasAo aMtagaDadasAo aNuttarovavAiyadasAo paNhAvAgaraNaM vivAgasue dittttivaae| tattha NaM je se cautthe aMge samavAe tti Ahie tassa NaM ayamaThe paNNatte" (samavAya aMga kA praarNbh)| 1. dazAzruta meM se pRthak kiyA gayA eka dUsarA kalpasUtra bhI haiN| usake nAmasAmya se bhrama utpanna na ho isalie isakA dUsarA nAma bRhatkalpa rakhA gayA hai| 2. dekhie-kApaDiyA-e hisTrI oNpha dI kenonikala liTarecara oNpha jainsa, prakaraNa 2.

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( 26 ) samavAyAMga mUla meM jahA~ 12 saMkhyA kA prakaraNa calA hai vahA~ dvAdazAMga kA paricaya na dekara eka koTi samavAya ke bAda vaha diyA hai| vahIM kA pATha isa prakAra prAraMbha hotA hai--"duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage pannatte, taM jahA-AyAre" ditthivaae| se kaM taM AyAre ? AyAre NaM samaNAgaM......."ityAdi krama se eka-eka kA paricaya diyA hai| paricaya meM "aMgaThThayAe paDhame...."aMgaThThayAe docce......" ityAdi dekara dvAdaza aMgoM ke krama ko bhI nizcita kara diyA hai| pariNAma yaha huA ki jahA~ kahIM aMgoM kI ginatI kI gaI, pUrvokta krama kA pAlana kiyA gyaa| anya vargoM meM jaisA vyutkrama dIkhatA hai vaisA dvAdazAMgoM ke krama meM nahIM dekhA jaataa| dUsarI bAta yaha dhyAna dene kI hai ki "tassa NaM ayamaThe paNNatte"(samavAya kA prAraMbha) aura "aMgaThThayAe paDhame"- ityAdi meM 'aTTha' (artha) zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vaha vizeSa prayojana se hai / jo yaha paraMparA sthira huI hai ki 'atthaM bhAsai arahA' (Avani0 162)-usI ke kAraNa prastuta meM 'aTTa'-'artha' zabda kA prayoga hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki granyaracanA--zabda-racanA tIrthaMkara bha0 mahAvIra kI nahIM hai kintu upalabdha Agama meM jo granya-racanA hai, jina zabdoM meM yaha prAgama upalabdha hai usase phalita honevAlA artha yA tAtparya bhagavAn dvArA pragIta hai| ye hI zabda bhagavAn ke nahIM haiM kintu ina zabdoM kA tAtparya jo svayaM bhagavAna ne batAyA thA usase bhinna nahIM hai| unhIM ke upadeza ke AdhAra para "suttaM ganthanti gaNaharA niuNaM" ( pAvani0 192 )-gagadhara sUtroM kI racanA karate haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki upalabdha aMga Agama kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai-aisI paraMparA hai / yaha racanA gaNadharoM ne apane mana se nahIM kI kintu bha0 mahAvIra ke upadeza ke AdhAra para kI hai ataeva ye pAgama pramANa mAne jAte haiN| - tIsarI bAta jo dhyAna dene kI hai vaha yaha ki ina dvAdaza granthoM ko 'aMga' kahA gayA hai| inhIM dvAdaza aMgoM kA eka varga hai jinakA gaNipiTaka ke nAma se paricaya diyA gayA hai| gaNipiTaka meM ina bAraha ke alAvA anya Agama granthoM kA ullekha nahIM hai isase yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki mUlarUpa se Agama ye hI the aura inhIM kI racanA gaNadharoM ne kI thii| _ 'gaNipiTaka' zabda dvAdaza aMgoM ke samuccaya ke lie to prayukta huA hI hai kintu vaha pratyeka ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hogA aisA samavAyAMga ke eka ullekha se pratIta hotA hai-"tiNhaM gaNipiDagANaM AyAracUliyA vajANaM

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( 30 ) sattAvannaM ajjhayaNA pannattA taM jahA-AyAre sUyagaDe tthaanne|"-smvaay 57vaa| arthAt AcAra Adi pratyeka kI jaise aMga saMjJA hai vaise hI pratyeka kI 'gaNipiTaka' aisI bhI saMjJA thI aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / vaidika sAhitya meM 'bhaMga' ( vedAMga ) saMjJA saMhitAeM, jo pradhAna veda the, unase bhinna kucha granthoM ke lie prayukta hai| bhaura vahA~ 'aMga' kA tAtparya hai vedoM ke adhyayana meM sahAyabhUta vividha vidyAoM ke grantha / arthAt vaidikavAGamaya meM 'aMga' kA tAtparyArtha maulika nahIM kintu gauNa granthoM se hai| jainoM meM 'aMga' zabda kA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai| prAcAra Adi bhaMga grantha kisI ke sahAyaka yA gauNa grantha nahIM haiM kintu inhIM bAraha granthoM se bananevAle eka varga ko ikAI hone se 'aMga' kahe gaye haiN| isameM sandeha nhiiN| isIse Age calakara zrutapuruSa kI kalpanA kI gaI aura ina dvAdaza aMgoM ko usa zrutapuruSa ke aMgarUpa se mAnA gyaa| adhikAMza jainatIrthakaroM kI paraMparA paurANika hone para bhI upalabdha samagra jainasAhitya kA jo Adi srota samajhA jAtA hai vaha jainAgamarUpa aMgasAhitya veda jitanA purAnA nahIM hai, yaha mAnI huI bAta hai / phira bhI use bauddhapiTaka kA samakAlIna to mAnA jA sakatA hai| DA0 jekobI Adi kA to kahanA hai ki samaya kI dRSTi se jainAgama kA racanAsamaya jo bhI mAnA jAya kintu usameM jina tathyoM kA saMgraha hai ve tathya aise nahIM haiM jo usI kAla ke hoN| aise kaI tathya usameM saMgRhIta haiM jinakA saMbaMdha prAcIna pUrvaparaMparA se hai|4 ataeva jainAgamoM ke samaya kA vicAra karanA ho taba vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA dhyAna meM avazya rakhasI hogii| jainaparaMparA ke anusAra tIthaMkara bhale hI aneka hoM kintu unake upadeza meM sAmya hotA hai aura tattatkAla meM jo bhI aMtima tIrthaMkara hoM unhIM kA upadeza 1 Doctrine of the Jainas, p, 73. 2. naMdIcUrNi, pR0 47; kApaDiyA-kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 21. 3. "bauddhasAhitya jainasAhitya kA samakAlIna hI haiM"-aisA paM0 kailAzacandra jaba likhate haiM taba isakA artha yahI ho sakatA hai| dekhiye-jaina. sA. i. pUrvapIThikA, pR0 174. 8. Doctrine of the Jainas, p 15. 5. isI dRSTi se jainAgamoM ko anAdi-anaMta kahA gayA hai--cceiyaM duvAlasaMga gaNipiDagaM na kayAi nAsI, na kayAi na bhavai, na kayAi na bhavissai, bhuvi ca bhavai ca. bhavissai ya, dhuve niae sAsae akkhae avvae avaThThie nicce"-nandI, sU0 58; samavAyAMga, sU0, 148.

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aura zAsana vicAra aura prAcAra ke lie prajA meM mAnya hotA hai| isa dRSTi se bha. mahAvIra aMtima tIrthakara hone se unhIM kA upadeza aMtima upadeza hai aura vahI pramANabhUta hai| zeSa tIrthaMkaroM kA upadeza upalabdha bhI nahIM aura yadi ho taba bhI vaha bha0 mahAvIra ke upadeza ke antargata ho gayA hai-aisA mAnanA cAhie / prastuta meM yaha spaSTa karanA jarUrI hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA use sUtrabaddha kiyA hai gaNadharoM ne| isIlie arthopadezaka yA artharUpa zAstra ke kartA bha0 mahAvIra mAne jAte haiM aura zabdarUpa zAstra ke kartA gaNadhara haiN|' anuyogadvAragata ( sU0 144, pR0 216 ) suttAgama, atthAgama, attAgama, aNaMtarAgama Adi jo lokottara Agama ke bheda haiM unase bhI isI kA samarthana hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yaha spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki unake upadeza kA saMvAda bha0 pAzrvanAtha ke upadeza se hai| tathA yaha bhI zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki pAzvaM aura mahAvIra ke AdhyAtmika saMdeza meM mUlataH koI bheda nahIM hai| kucha bAhyAcAra meM bhale hI bheda dIkhatA ho / 2 jaina paraMparA meM Aja zAstra ke lie 'Agama' zabda vyApaka ho gayA hai kintu prAcIna kAla meM vaha 'zruta' yA 'samyak zruta' ke nAma se prasiddha thA / 3 isI se 'zrutakevalI' zabda pracalita hA na ki AgamakevalI yA suutrkevlii| aura sthaviroM kI gaNanA meM bhI zrutasthavira ko sthAna milA hai vaha bhI 'zruta' zabda ko prAcInatA siddha kara rahA hai| prAcArya umAsvAti ne zruta ke paryAyoM kA saMgraha kara diyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai -zruta, prAptavacana, Agama, upadeza, aitihya, AmnAya, pravacana aura jinavacana / inameM se Aja 'pAgamA6 zabda hI vizeSataH pracalita hai| samavAyAMga Adi AgamoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki sarvaprathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo upadeza diyA thA usakI saMkalanA 'dvAdazAMgo' meM huI aura vaha 'gaNipiTaka' isalie 1. atthaM bhAsai arahA suttaM gaMthati gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaThAe to sutta pavattai / -Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 192; dhavalA bhA0 1, pR0 64 tathA 72. 2. Doctrine of the Jainas, p. 29. 3. nandI, sU0 41. 4. sthAnAMga, sU0 156. 5. tattvArthabhASya,1. 20. 6. * sarvaprathama anuyogadvAra sUtra meM lokottara Agama meM dvAdazAMga giNipiTaka kA samAveza kiyA hai aura Agama ke kaI prakAra ke bheda kiye haiM-sU0 144, pR0. 218.

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( 32 ) kahalAyA ki gaNi ke lie vahI zrutajJAna kA bhaMDAra thaa|' samaya ke pravAha meM AgamoM kI saMkhyA baDhatI hI gaI jo 85 taka pahuMca gaI hai| kintu sAmAnya taura para zvetAmbaroM meM mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya meM vaha 45 aura sthAnakavAsI tathA terApaMtha meM 32 saMkhyA meM sImita hai| digambaroM meM eka samaya aisA thA jaba vaha saMkhyA 12 aMga aura 14 aMgabAhya = 26 meM sImita thii| kintu aMgajJAna kI paraMparA vIranirvANa ke 683 varSa taka hI rahI aura usake bAda vaha AMzika rUpa se calatI rahI-aisI digambara-paraMparA hai|3 __ Agama kI kramazaH jo saMkhyAvRddhi huI usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki gaNadharoM ke alAvA anya pratyekabuddha mahApuruSoM ne jo upadeza diyA thA use bhI pratyekabuddha ke kevalI hone se Agama meM saMniviSTa karane meM koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI thii| isI prakAra gaNipiTaka ke hI AdhAra para maMdabuddhi ziSyoM ke hitArtha zrutakevalI prAcAryoM ne jo grantha banAe the unakA samAveza bhI, Agama ke sAtha unakA avirodha hone se aura pAgamAthaM ko hI puSTi karanevAle hone se, AgamoM meM kara liyA gyaa| aMta meM saMpUrNadazapUrva ke jJAtA dvArA grathita granya bhI Agama meM samAviSTa isalie kiye gaye ki ve bhI Agama ko puSTa karane vAle the aura unakA Agama se virodha isalie bhI nahIM ho sakatA thA ki ve nizcita rUpa se samyagdRSTi hote the| nimna gAthA se isI bAta kI sUcanA milatI hai sUttaM gaNaharakathidaM taheva patteyabuddhakathidaM c| sudakevaliNA kathidaM abhiNNadasapUvvakathidaM ca // 4 -mUlAcAra, 5.80 isase kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI anya ke prAgama meM praveza ke lie yaha mAnadaMDa thaa| ataeva vastutaH jaba se dazapUrvI nahIM rahe taba se Agama kI saMkhyA 1. "duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage"--samavAyAMga, sU 0 1 aura 136 ; nandI, sU0 41 Adi / ____2. jayadhavalA, pR0 25; dhavalA, bhA0 1 pR0 16 ; gommaTasAra-jIvakAMDa, gA0 367, 368. vizeSa ke lie dekhie-Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, pR0 22-27. 3. jai0 sA0 i0 pUrvapIThikA, pR0 528, 535, 538 ( inameM sakala zrutajJAna kA viccheda ullikhita hai| yaha saMgata nahIM uuNctaa)| 4. yahI gAthA jayajavalA meM uddhRta hai-pR0 153. isI bhAva ko vyakta karanevAlI gAthA saMskRta meM droNAcArya ne zrodhaniyukti kI TIkA meM pR0 3 meM uddhRta kI hai|

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(. 33 ) meM vRddhi honA ruka gayA hogA, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu zvetAmbaroM ke AgamarUpa se mAnya kucha prakIrNaka grantha aise bhI haiM jo usa kAla ke bAda bhI pAgama meM saMmilita kara liye gaye haiN| isameM una granthoM kI nirdoSatA aura vairAgya bhAva kI vRddhi meM unakA vizeSa upayoga-ye hI kAraNa ho sakate haiN| yA kartA AcArya kI usa kAla meM vizeSa pratiSThA bhI kAraNa ho sakatI hai / jainAgamoM kI saMkhyA jaba bar3hane lagI taba unakA vargIkaraNa bhI Avazyaka ho gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke maulika upadeza kA gaNadharakRta saMgraha dvAdaza 'aMga' yA 'gaNipiTaka' meM thA ataeva yaha svayaM eka varga ho jAya aura usase anya kA pArthakya kiyA jAya yaha jarUrI thaa| ataeva AgamoM kA jo prathama vargIkaraNa hA vaha aMga aura aMgabAhya isa AdhAra para huaa| isIlie hama dekhate haiM ki anuyoga ( sU0 3) ke prArambha meM 'aMgapaviTTha' ( aMgapraviSTa ) aura 'aMgabAhira ( aMgabAhya ) aise zruta ke bheda kiye gaye haiN| nandI ( sU0 44 ) meM bhI aise hI bheda haiN| aMgabAhira ke liye vahA~ 'aNaMgapaviThThaH zabda bhI prayukta hai (sa0 44 ke aMta meN)| anyatra naMdI ( sU0 38 ) meM ho 'aMgapaviTU' aura 'praNaMgapaviTTa'--aise do bheda kiye gae haiN| ina aMgabAhya granthoM kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'prakIrNaka' bhI thI, aisA nandIsUtra se pratIta hotA hai|' aMgazabda ko dhyAna meM rakha kara aMgabAhya granthoM kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'upAMga' bhI thI, aisA nirayAvaliyA sUtra ke prAraMbhika ullekha se pratIta hotA hai aura usase yaha bhI pratIta hotA hai ki koI eka samaya aisA thA jaba ye nirayAvaliyAdi pAMca hI upAMga mAne jAte hoNge| samavAyAMga, naMdI, anuyoga tathA pAkSikasUtra ke samaya taka samagra Agama ke mukhya vibhAga do ho the--aMga aura aNgbaahy| prAcArya umAsvAti ke tasvArthasUtrabhASyare se bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki unake samaya taka bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya aise hI vibhAga pracalita the| sthAnAMga sUtra (277) meM jina cAra prajJaptiyoM ko aMgabAhya kahA gayA hai ve haiMcandraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti, jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti aura dviipsaagrprjnypti| inameM se jaMbU 1. "evamAiyAI caurAsII painnagasahassAI........"ahavA jassa jattiyA sIsA uppattiyAe......"caunvihAe buddhIe uvaveA tassa tattiAI paieNagasahassAI......"mandI, sU044. 2. tattvArthasUtrabhASya, 1. 20.

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/ 34 ) dvIpaprajJapti ko chor3a kara zeSa tIna kAlika haiM-aisA bhI ullekha sthAnAMga ( 152 ) meM hai| ___ aMga ke atirikta AcAraprakalpa ( nizItha) ( sthAnAMga, sU0 433; samavAyAMga, 28), AcAradazA ( dazAzrutaskaMdha), bandhadazA, dvigRddhidazA, doghaMdazA aura saMkSepitadazA kA bhI sthAnAMga (755 ) meM ullekha hai| kintu bandhadazAdi zAstra anupalabdha haiN| TIkAkAra ke samaya meM bhI yahI sthiti thI jisase unako kahanA par3A ki ye kauna grantha haiM, hama nahIM jaante| samavAyAMga meM uttarAdhyayana ke 36 adhyayanoM ke nAma diye haiM ( sama. 36 ) tathA dazA-kalpavyavahAra ina tIna ke uddezanakAla kI carcA hai| kintu unakI chedasaMjJA nahIM dI gaI hai| prajJapti kA eka varga alaga hogA aisA sthAnAMga se patA calatA hai| kuvalayamAlA (pR0 34 ) meM aMgabAhya meM prajJApanA ke atirikta do prajJaptiyoM kA ullekha hai| __ 'cheda' saMjJA kaba se pracalita huI aura cheda meM prAraMbha meM kauna se zAstra saMmilita the--yaha bhI nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu Avazyakaniyukti meM sarvaprathama 'chedasutta' kA ullekha milatA hai| usase prAcIna uslekha abhI taka milA nahIM hai|' isase abhI itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki Avazyakaniyukti ke samaya meM chedasutta kA varga pRthak ho gayA thaa| kuvalayamAlA jo 7-3-776 I. meM samApta huI usameM jina nAnA granyoM aura viSayoM kA zramaNa ciMtana karate the unake kucha nAma ginAye haiM / 2 usameM sarvaprathama AcAra se lekara dRSTivAdaparyaMta aMgoM ke nAma haiN| tadanantara prajJApanA, sUryaprajJapti tathA candraprajJapti kA ullekha hai| tadanaMtara ye gAthAeM haiM aNNAi ya gaNaharabhAsiyAI sAmaNNakevalikayAI / paJceyasayaMbuddhehiM viraiyAI guNeti mhrisinno|| katthai paMcAvayavaM dasaha ciya sAhaNaM paraveti / paJcakkhamaNumAraNapamANacaukkayaM ca aNNe viyAreti // 1. Ava0 ni0 777; kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 36 meM uddhRta / 2. kuvalayamAlA, pR0 34. 3. vipAka kA nAma ina meM nahIM AtA, yaha svayaM lekhaka kI yA lipikAra kI asAMvadhAnI ke kAraNa hai|

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bhavajalahijANavattaM pemmamahArAyaNiyalaNiddalaNaM / kammaTThagaMThivajaM aNNe dhamma parikaheMti // mohaMdhayAraravigo prvaaykurNgdriykesrinno| NayasayakharaNaharille aNNe aha vAiNo tattha / / loyAloyapayAsaM dUraMtarasaNhavatthupajoyaM / kevalisuttaNibaddhaM NimittamaNNe viyAraMti // NANAjIvuppattI suvaNNamaNirayagadhAusaMjoyaM // jANaMti jaNiyajoNI joNINaM pAhuDaM aNNe / / laliyavayaNatthasAraM savvAlaMkAraNivaDiyasohaM / amayappavAhamaharaM aNNe kavvaM viiMtaMti // bahutaMtamaMtavijAviyANayA siddhajoyajoisiyA / acchaMti araNuguNetA avare siddhaMtasArAI // kuvalayamAlAgata isa vivaraNa meM eka to yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki aMga ke bAda aMgabAroM kA ullekha hai| unameM aMgoM ke alAvA jina AgamoM ke nAma haiM ve mAtra prajJApanA, candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti ke haiN| isake bAda gaNadhara, sAmAnyakevalI, pratyekabuddha aura svayaMsaMbuddha ke dvArA bhASita yA viracita granthoM kA sAmAnya taura para ullekha hai / ve kauna the isakA nAmapUrvaka ullekha nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta yaha dhyAna dene kI hai ki isameM dazapUrvIkRta granthoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| gaNadhara kA uslekha hone se zra takevalI kA ullekha sUcita hotA hai| dUsarI ora kama, mantra, tantra, nimitta Adi vidyAoM ke viSaya meM ullekha hai aura yonipAhuDa kA nAmapUrvaka ullekha hai| kAvyoM kA ciMtana bhI muni karate the yaha bhI batAyA hai| nimitta ko kevalIsUtranibaddha kahA gayA hai| kuvalayamAlA ke dUsare ullekha se yaha phalita hotA hai ki lekhaka ke mana meM kevala pAgama granthoM kA hI ullekha karanA abhISTa nahIM hai| prajJApanA Adi tIna aMgabAhya granthoM kA jo nAmollekha hai yaha aMgabAroM meM unakI vizeSa pratiSThA kA dyotaka hai| dhavalA' jo 8.10. 816 I0 ko samApta huI usase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki usa kAla taka Agama ke aMgabAhya aura aMgapraviSTa aise do vibhAga the| kintu sAMpratakAla meM zvetAmbaroM meM AgamoM kA jo vargIkaraNa prasiddha hai vaha kaba zurU huA, yA kisane zurU kiyA--yaha jAnane kA nizcit sAdhana upasthita nahIM hai| 1. dhavalA, pustaka 1. pR0 66.

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( 36 ) zrIcandra zrAcArya (lekhanakAla I0 1112 se prAraMbha ) ne 'sukhabodhA sAmAcArI' kI racanA kI hai / usameM unhoMne Agama ke svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA jo varNana kiyA hai usase patA calatA hai ki unake kAlataka aMga aura upAMga kI vyavasthA arthAt amuka aMgakA pramuka upAMga aisI vyavasthA bana cukI thI / paThanakrama meM sarvaprathama Avazyaka sUtra, tadanaMtara dazavaikAlika aura uttarAdhyayana ke bAda prAcAra Adi aMga par3he jAte the / sabhI aMga eka hI sAtha krama se par3he jAte the aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / prathama cAra AcArAMga se samavAyAMga taka par3hane ke bAda nisIha, jIyakappa, paMcakampa, kappa, vavahAra aura dasA ? par3he jAte the / nisIha Adi kI yahA~ cheda saMjJA kA ullekha nahIM hai kintu ina sabako eka sAtha rakhA hai yaha unake eka varga kI sUcanA to detA hI hai / ina chedagranthoM ke adhyayana ke bAda nAdhammakA (chaThA aMga), uvAsagadasA, aMtagaDadasA, praguttarovavAiyadasA, pahA - vAgaraNa aura vipAka- - ina aMgoM kI vAcanA hotI thI / vivAga ke bAda eka paMkti meM bhagavaI kA ullekha hai kintu yaha prakSipta ho-- aisA lagatA hai kyoMki vahA~ kucha bhI vivaraNa nahIM hai ( pR0 31 ) / isakA vizeSa vargana Age calakara "gaNijogesu ya paMcamaMgaM vivAhapannatti " ( pR0 31 ) ina zabdoM se zurU hotA hai / vipAka ke bAda uvAMga kI vAcanA kA ullekha hai / vaha isa prakAra hai - uvavAI, rAyapaseNaiya, jIvAbhigama, pannavaNA, sUrapannatti, jaMbUdIvapannati, candannati / tIna pannattiyoM ke viSaya meM ullekha hai ki 'to pannati kAlimAtra saMghaTT ca korai' - (pR. 32 ) / tAtparyaM yaha jAna par3atA hai ki ina tInoM kI tat tat aMga ko vAcanA ke sAtha bhI vAcanA dI jA sakatI hai / zeSa pA~ca aMgoM ke lie likhA hai ki "sesANa paMcamaMgANaM mayaMtareNa nirayAvaliyA suyavakhaMdho uvaMgaM / " (pR. 32 ) / isa nirayA - valiyA ke pAMca varga haiM-nirayAvaliyA, kappavaDisiyA, puSphiyA, puSpha cUliyA aura vahIdasA | isake bAda 'iyANi pannagA' ( pR0 32 ) isa ullekha ke sAtha naMdI, anuyogadvAra devindatthana, taMdulaveyAliya, caMdAvejjhaya, AurapaJcakkhANa aura garivijA kA ullekha karake 'evamAiyA' likhA hai / isa ullekha se yaha siddha hotA hai ki prakoka meM ullikhita ke alAvA anya bhI the / 'dene kI bAta hai ki namdI aura anuyogadvAra ko sAMpratakAla meM ginA jAtA hai kintu yahA~ unakA samAveza prakIrNaka meM hai / yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna prakIrNaka se pRthak isa prakaraNa ke 1. sukhabodhA sAmAcArI meM "nisIhaM sammattaM " aisA ullekha hai aura tadanantara kapa Adi se saMbaMdhita pATha ke aMta meM " kappavavahAradasAsuyakkhaMdho sammatto" - aisA ullekha hai / ataeva jIyakappa aura paMcakappa kI sthiti saMdigdha banatI haiM- pR0 30.

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( 37 ) aMta meM 'bAhirajogavihisamatto' aisA likhA hai usase yaha bhI patA calatA haiM ki upAMga aura prakIrNaka donoM ko sAmAnya saMjJA yA varga aMgabAhya thaa| isake bAda bhagavatI kI vAcanA kA prasaMga uThAyA hai| yaha bhagavatI kA mahattva sUcita karatA hai| bhagavatI ke bAda mahAnisIha kA ullekha hai aura usakA ullekha anya nisIhAdi cheda ke sAtha nahIM hai-isase sUcita hotA hai ki vaha bAda kI racanA hai| matAntara dene ke bAda aMta meM eka gAthA dI hai jisase sUcanA milatI hai ki kisa aMga kA kauna upAMga hai"u0 rA0 jI0 pannavaNA sU0 jaM0 caM0 ni0 ka0 ka0 pu0 pu0 validasanAmA / pAyArAiuvaMgA nAyavvA ANupuvvIe // " -sukhabodhA sAmAcArI, pR0 34. zrIcandra ke isa vivaraNa se itanA to phalita hotA hai ki unake samaya taka aMga upAMga, prakoNaMka itane nAma to nizcita ho cuke the| upAMgoM meM kauna grantha samAviSTa haiM yaha bhI nizcita ho cukA thA jo sAMpratakAla meM bhI vaisA hI hai / prakoNaka varga meM naMdI-anuyogadvAra zAmila thA jo bAda meM jAkara pRthak ho gyaa| mUlasaMjJA kisI ko bhI nahIM milatI jo Age jAkara AvazyakAdi ko milI hai| jinaprabha ne apane 'siddhAntAgamastava' meM AgamoM kA nAmapUrvaka stavana kiyA hai kintu vargIkaraNa nahIM kiyaa| unakA ratavanakrama isa prakAra hai-Avazyaka, vizeSAvazyaka, dazavakAlika, propaniyukti, piNDaniyukti, nandI, anuyogadvAra, uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita, AcArAMga Adi gyAraha aMga ( inameM kucha ko aMga saMjJA dI gaI hai), propapAtika Adi 12 (inameM kisI ko bhI upAMga nahIM kahA hai), maraNasamAdhi Adi 13 (inameM kisI ko bhI prakIrNaka nahIM kahA hai), nizItha, dazAzrata, kampa, vyavahAra, paMcakalpa, jItakalpa, mahAnizItha-itane nAma ke bAda niyukti Adi TIkAoM kA stavana hai| tadanaMtara dRSTivAda aura anya kAlika, utkAlika granthoM kI stuti kI gaI hai| tadanaMtara aMgavidyA, vizeSaNavatI, saMmati, nayacakravAla, tattvArtha, jyotiSkaraMDa, siddhaprAbhRta, vasudevahiMDI, kamaprakRti Adi prakaraNa granthoM kA ullekha hai| isa sUcI se eka bAta to siddha hotI hai ki bhale hI jinaprabha ne vargoM ke nAma nahIM diye kintu usa samaya taka kauna grantha kisake sAtha ullikhita honA cAhie aisA eka krama to bana gayA hogaa| isIlie hama mUlasUtroM aura cUlikAsUtroM ke nAma eka sAtha hI pAte haiN| yahI bAta bhaMga, upAMga, cheda aura prakINaMka meM bhI lAgU hotI hai /

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( 38 ) AcArya umAsvAti bhASya meM aMga ke sAtha upAMga' zabda kA nirdeza karate haiM aura aMgabAhya grantha upAMgazabda se unheM abhipreta hai| AcArya umAsvAti ne aMgabAhya kI jo sUcI dI hai vaha bhI jinaprabhakI sUcI kA pUrvarUpa hai| usameM prathama sAmAyikAdi chaH AvazyakoM kA ullekha hai, tadanaMtara "dazavakAlikaM, uttarAdhyAyAH, dazAH, kalpavyavahArau, nizIthaM, RSibhASitAnyevamAdi-isa prakAra ullekha hai / isameM jo AvazyakAdi mUlasUtroM kA tathA dazA Adi chedagraMthoM kA eka sAtha nirdeza hai vaha unake vargIkaraNa kI pUrvasUcanA detA hI hai| dhavalA meM 14 maMgabAhyoM kI jo gaNanA kI gaI hai unameM bhI prathama chaH AvazyakoM kA nirdeza hai, tadanaMtara dazavakAlika aura uttarAdhyayana kA aura tadanaMtara kappavavahAra, kappAkappiya, mahAkappiya, puMDarIya, mahApuMDarIya aura nisIha kA nirdeza hai| isameM kevala puMDarIya, mahApuMDarIya kA ullekha aisA hai jo nisIha ko anya cheda se pRthak kara rahA hai| anyathA yaha bho mUla aura cheda ke vargIkaraNa kI sUcanA de hI rahA hai| prAcArya jinaprabha ne I. 1306 meM vidhimArgaprapA anya kI samApti kI hai| usameM bhI ( pR0 48 se ) unhoMne AgamoM ke svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| krama se nimna 51 granthoM kA usameM ullekha hai-1 Avazyaka2, 2 dazavakAlika, 3 uttarAdhyayana, 4 AcArAMga, 5 sUyagaDaMga, 6 ThAgaMga, 7 samavAyAMga, 8 nisIha, 6-11 dasA-kappa-vavahAra, 12 paMcakappa, 13 jIyakappa, 14 vivAhapannatti, 15 nAyAdhammakahA, 16 uvAsagadesA, 17 aMtagaDadasA, 18 anuttarovavAiyadasA, 16 paNhAvAgaraNa, 20 vivAgasuya (didvivAno duvAlasamaMgaM taM ca vocchinnaM) ( pR0 56 ) / isake bAda yaha pATha prAsaMgika hai- "ittha ya dikkhApariyAeNa tivAso aAyArapakappaM vahijA vAijA ya / evaM cauvAso sUyagaDaM / paMcavAso dsaa-kpp-vvhaare| aTThavAso tthaann-smvaae| dasavAso bhagavaI / ikkArasavAso khuDDiyAvimANAipaMcajjhayaNe / bArasavAso arunnovvaayaaipNcjjhynne| terasavAso udghaannsuyaaicurjjhynne| caudasAiaTThArasaMtavAso kameNa kameNa 1. anyathA hi anibaddhamaGgopAGgaza : samudraprataraNavad duradhyavaseyaM syAt'-tattvArthabhASya, 1. 20. 2. "ohanijjuttI AvassayaM ceva aNupaviTThA"-vidhimArgaprapA, pR0 46. 3. dasA-kappa-vavahAra kA eka zrutaskaMdha hai yaha sAmAnya mAnyatA hai| kintu kisI ke mata se kappa-vavahAra kA eka skaMdha hai-vahI pR0 52.

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( 36 ) pAsIvisabhAvaNA-diTThivisabhAvaNA-cAraNabhAvaNA-mahAsumiNabhAvaNA-teyanisagge / egUNavIsavAso diTThIvAyaM saMpunnavIsavAso savvasuttajogo tti" // (pR0 56) / isake bAda "iyANiM ugA" aisA likhakara jisa aMga kA jo upAMga hai usakA nirdeza isa prakAra kiyA hai aMga prAcAra sUyagaDa 3 ThANa 4 samavAya 5 bhagavaI 6 nAyA(dhamma) 7 uvAsagadasA 8-12 aMtagaDadasAdi upAMga 21 provAiya 22 rAyapaseNaiya 23 jIvAbhigama 24 paNNavaNA 25 sUrapaNNatti 26 jaMbuddIvapaNNatti 27 caMdapaNNatti 28-32 nirayAvaliyA suyakkhaMdha ( 28 'kappiyA' 26 kappaDisiyA, 30 pupphiyA, 31 pupphacUliyA, 32 vaNhidasA ) prA0 jinaprabha ne matAntara kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki "aNNe puNa caMdapaNNatti, sUrapaNatti ca bhagavaIuvaMge bhagati / tesi maraNa uvAsagadasAINa paMcaNhamaMgANaM uvagaM nirayAvaliyAsuyakkhaMdhoM"-pR0 57. - isa mata kA utthAna isa kAraNa se huA hogA ki jaba 11 aMga upalabdha haiM aura bArahavAM aMga upalabdha hI nahIM to usake upAMga kI anAvazyakatA hai| ataeva bhagavatI ke do upAMga mAna kara gyAraha aMga aura bAraha upAMga kI saMgati baiThAne kA yaha prayatna hai| aMta meM zrIcandra kI sukhabodhA sAmAcArI meM prApta * gAthA uddhRta karake 'uvaMgavihI kI samApti kI hai| 1. zrIcaMdra kI sukhabodhA sAmAcArI meM isake sthAna meM nirayAvaliyA kA nirdeza hai|

Page #32
( 40 ) tadanantara 'saMpayaM paiNNagA'-isa ullekha ke sAtha 33 naMdI, 34 anuyogadArAI, 35 devidatthaya, 36 taMdulaveyAliya, 37 maraNasamAhi, 38 mahApaJcakkhANa, 36 AurapaJcakkhANa, 40 saMthAraya, 41 candAvijjhaya, 42 bhattapariNNA, 43 causaraNa, 44 vIratthaya, 45 gariNavijA, 46 dIvasAgarapaNNatti, 47 saMgahaNI, 48 gacchAyAra, 46 dIvasAgarapaNNatti, 50 isibhAsiyAI-inakA uslekha karake 'paiNNagavihI' kI samApti kI hai| isase sUcita hotA hai ki inake mata meM 18 prakIrNaka the| anta meM mahAnisIha kA ullekha hone se kula 51 graMthoM kA jinaprabha ne ullekha kiyA hai| jinaprabha ne saMgraharUpa jogavihANa nAmaka gAthAbaddha prakaraNa kA bhI uddharaNa apane grantha meM diyA hai-pR0 60 / isa prakaraNa meM bhI saMkhyAMka dekara aMgoM ke nAma diye gaye haiN| yogavidhikrama meM Avassaya aura dasayAliya kA sarvaprathama ullekha kiyA hai aura progha aura piNDaniyukti kA samAveza inhoM meM hotA hai-aisI sUcanA bhI dI hai ( gAthA 7, pR0 58 ) / tadanaMtara nandI aura anuyoga kA ullekha karake uttarAdhyayana kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isameM bhI samavAya aMga ke bAda dasA-kappa-vavahAra-nisIha kA ullekha karake inhIM kI 'chedasUtra' aisI saMjJA bhI dI hai---gAthA-22, pR0 56 / tadanaMtara jIyakappa aura paMcakappa (paNakappa) kA ullekha hone se prakaraNakAra ke samaya taka saMbhava hai ye chedasUtra ke varga meM saMmilita na kiye gae hoN| paMcakalpa ke bAda provAiya Adi cAra upAMgoM kI bAta kaha kara vivAhapaNNatti se lekara vivAga aMgoM kA ullekha hai| tadanantara cAra prajJapti-sUryaprajJapti Adi nirdiSTa haiN| tadanantara nirayAvaliyA kA ullekha karake upAMgadarzaka pUrvokta gAthA (naM 60) nirdiSTa hai| tadanantara devidatthaya Adi prakIrNaka kI tapasyA kA nirdeza kara ke isibhAsiya kA ullekha hai| yaha bhI mata ullikhita hai jisake anusAra isibhAsiya kA samAveza uttarAdhyayana meM ho jAtA hai (gAthA 62, pR0 62) / anta meM sAmAcArIviSayaka paramparA bheda ko dekhakara zaMkA nahIM karanI cAhie yaha bhI upadeza hai-gAthA 66. jinaprabha ke samaya taka sAMpratakAla meM prasiddha vargIkaraNa sthira ho gayA thA isakA patA 'vAyaraNAvihIM ke utthAnameM unhoMne jo vAkya diyA usase lagatA hai--"evaM kappatippAivihipurassaraM sAhU samANiyasayalajogavihI mUlaggantha-nandiaNuogadAra-uttarajjJayaNa-isibhAsiya-aMga-uvaMga-painnaya-cheyagganthaAgame 1. gacchAyAra ke bAda- 'iccAi paieNagANi' aisA ullekha hone se kucha anya bhI prakIrNaka hoMge jinakA ullekha nAmapUrvaka nahIM kiyA gayA-pR0 58.

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( 41 ) vAijjA"-pR0 64 / isase yaha bhI patA lagatA hai ki 'mUla' meM Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika ye do hI zAmila the / isa sUcI meM 'mUlagrantha' aisA ullekha hai kintu pRthak rUpase Avazyaka aura dazavakAlika kA ullekha nahIM hai-isIse isakI sUcanA milatI hai| jinaprabha ne apane siddhAntAgamastava meM vargoM ke nAmakI sUcanA nahIM dI kintu vidhimArgaprapA meM dI hai-isakA kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki unakI hI yaha sUjha ho, jaba unhoMne vidhimArgaprapA likhii| jinaprabha kA lekhanakAla sudIrgha thA yaha unake vividhatIthaMkalpa kI racanA se patA lagatA hai| isakI racanA unhoMne I0 1270 meM zurU kI aura I0 1332 meM ise pUrNa kiyaa| isI bIca unhoMne 1306 I0 meM vidhimArgaprapA likhI hai| stavana saMbhavataH isase prAcIna hogaa| upalabdha AgamoM aura unakI TIkAoM kA parimANaH ___ samavAya aura nandIsUtra meM aMgoM kI jo padasaMkhyA dI hai usameM pada se kyA abhipreta hai yaha Thoka rUpa se jJAta nahIM hotaa| aura upalabdha AgamoM se padasaMkhyA kA mela bhI nahIM hai| digaMbara SakhaMDAgama meM gaNita ke AdhAra para spaSTIkaraNa karane kA jo prayatna hai2 vaha bhI kAlpanika hI hai, tathya ke sAtha usakA koI saMbaMdha nahIM diikhtaa| ataeva upalabdha AgamoM kA kyA parimANa hai isakI carcA kI jAtI hai / ye saMkhyAeM hastapratiyoM meM granyAgrarUpa se nirdiSTa huI haiN| usakA tAtparya hotA hai-32 akSaroM ke zlokoM se| lipikAra apanA lekhana-pArizramika lene ke lie ginakara prAyaH anta meM yaha saMkhyA dete haiN| kabhI svayaM granthakAra bhI isa saMkhyA kA nirdeza karate haiM / 3 yahAM dI jAnevAlI saMkhyAeM, bhAMDArakara orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa ke volyuma 17 ke 1-3 bhAgoM meM AgamoM aura unakI TIkAnoM kI hastapratiyoM ko jo sUcI chapI hai usake AdhAra se haiM-isase do kArya siddha hoMge-zlokasaMkhyA ke bodha ke alAvA kisa Agama kI kitanI TIkAeM likhI gaIM isakA bhI patA lgegaa| 1. jai0 sA0 saM0 i0, pR0 416. 2. jai0 sA0 i0 pUrvapIThikA, pR0 621 ; SaTakhaMDAgama, pu0 13, pR0 247-254. 3. kabhI-kabhI dhUrta lipikAra saMkhyA galata bhI likha dete haiN|

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1. aMga ( 42 ) (1) AcArAMga 2644, 2654 , niyukti 450 , cUNi 8750 , vRtti 12300 dIpikA (1) 6000, 10000, 15000 " , (2) 6000 " avacUri , paryAya sUtrakRtAMga 2100 (prathama zrutaskandha kI 1000) , niyukti 208 gAthA , niyukti mUla ke sAtha 2580 , niyukti / 12850, 13000, 13325, vRtti 14000 , harSakulakRta dIpikA (1) 6600, 8600, 7100, 7000 ( yaha saMkhyA mUla ke sAtha kI hai) , sAdhuraMgakRta dIpikA 13416 pAzvaMcandrakRta vArtika (TabA) 8000 cUriMga paryAya (3) sthAnAMga 3770, 3750 TIkA ( abhayadeva ) 14250, 14500 , saTIka 18000 , dIpikA (nAgarSigaNi) saha 18000 bAlAvabodha " stabaka 16000 , paryAya , bola (4) samavAya 1667, 1767 " vRtti 3575, 3700 , paryAya

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( 43 ) (5) bhagavatI 16000, 15800 " vRtti 18616, 19776 , avacUNi 3114 , paryAya (6) jJAtAdharma . 5500, 6000, 5250, 5627, 5750, 6000 , vRtti 3700, 3815, 4700 , savRtti 9755 bAlAvabodhasaha 18200 (7) upAsakadazA 612, 872, 812 " vRtti 644 (8) antakRta 600 , vRtti (upA0 anta0 anutta0) 1300 " stabaka (9) anuttaraupapAtika 192 " vRtti 437 (10) praznavyAkaraNa 1250 " vRtti 4630, 5630, 4800, 5016 " stabaka , paryAya (11) vipAka 1250 , vRtti 1000, 606, 1167 , stabaka 2. upAMga (1) aupapAtika 1167, 1500 . , vRtti 3455, 3135, 3125 (2) rAjapraznIya 2506, 2076, 2120 , vRtti 3650, 3700, 3768

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( 44 ) (3) jIvAbhigama 4700, 5200 " vRtti 14000 , stabaka , paryAya (4) prajJApanA 7686, 8100, 7787 TIkA 14000, 15000 , pradezavyAkhyA , saMgrahaNI , paryAya (5) sUryaprajJapti , TIkA (6) jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti 4458, 4146 " TIkA (hIra0) 14252 " , (zAnti0) TabAsaha 15000 cUrNi (karaNa) 2023, 1823, 1860 , vivRti (brahma) (7) candraprajJapti 2058 , vivaraNa 6500 (8-12) nirayAvalikA (5) 1106 , TIkA 605, 650, 737, 637 " TabA 1100 , paryAya ,, bAlAvabodha 3. prakIrNaka (1) catuHzaraNa gAthA 63 " avacUri TabA , viSamapada (2) AturapratyAkhyAna gAthA 84 , vivaraNa 250 , TabA

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400 (3) bhaktaparijJA gA0 173, granthAna 171 , avacUri (4) saMstAraka gAthA 121 , vivaraNa , avacUri , bAlAvabodha (5) taMdulavaicArika " bAlAvabodha (6) candrAvedhyaka gAthA 174, gA0 175 (7) devendrastava gA0 307, gA0 262 (8) gaNividyA gA0 86, gA0 85 (9) mahApratyAkhyAna gA0 143, gA0 142 (10) vIrastava gA0 43, gA0 42 (11) aMgacUlikA .. (12) aMgavidyA 6000 (13) ajIvakalpa gAthA 44 (14) ArAdhanApatAkA 660 (racanA saM. 1078) (15) kavacadvAra gA0 126 (16) gacchAcAra vivRti 5850 (vijayavimala) , vAnararSi " avacUri (17) jaMbUsvAmisvAdhyAya , TabA " , (padmasuMdara) (18) jyotiSkaraMDaka " TIkA 5500 167

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(19) tIrthodgAlika gA0 1251, gA0 1233. granthAna 1565 (20) dvIpasAgaraprajJapti (21) paryantArAdhanA 74 / , bAlAvabodha 245 , 300 (22) piMDavizuddhi , TokA 4400 , subodhA 2800 dIpikA 703 bAlAvabodha , avacUrNi (23) maraNavidhi (24) yoniprAbhRta (25) vaMkacUlikA (26) sArAvalI (27) siddhaprAbhRta gAthA 121 4. chedasUtra (1) nizItha _ 812 ,, niyukti-bhASya gA0 6436 granthAna 8400 TippaNaka 7705 (?) . cUNi ( prathama u0) 5365 , vizoddezakavyA0 , paryAya (2) mahAnizItha , TabA (3) vyavahAra , niyukti-bhASya 5200, . 4544 TabA , gA04626

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/ 47 ) TIkA prathama khaNDa ( u0 1-3 ) 16856 pIThikA 2355 pIThikA aura u01 10878 " u0 3 2565 , u010 4133 " u01-10 37625 dvitIya khaNDa 10366 , cUNi 10360 pIThikA 2000 , paryAya (4) dazAzruta 1380 , niyukti gA0 154 , cUNi 2225, 4321,2161,2325 (?) TIkA (brahma) 5152 TippaNaka " paryAya kalpasUtra ( dazAzruta kA maMza) 1216 " saMdehaviSauSadhi (jinaprabha) 2268 avacUrNi , kiraNAvalI (dhamaMdAsa) 8014 (?) 'pradIpikA (saMghavijaya) 3200 dIpikA (jayavijaya) 3432 kaspadrumakalikA ( lakSmIvallabha ) avacUri TippaNaka vAcanikAmnAya TabA niyukti-saMdehaviSauSadhisaha 3041 vRtti ( udayasAgara) TippaNa (pRthvIcandra ) , durgapadanirukti 418

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32 " "" 27 " " " ( 5 ) bRhatkalpa 23 "3 " " " " " " " " (6) paMcakalpa " ( 48 ) kalpAntarvAcya ( kalpasamarthana ) 2700 paryuSaNASThAhnikAvyAkhyAna paryuSaNa parvavicAra maMjarI ( ratnasAgara ) 5665 ( ? ) latA ( samayasuMdara ) 8000 subodhikA ( vinayavijaya ) 5400 kaumudI (zAMtisAgara ) 3707, 6538 (?) jJAnadIpikA ( jJAnavijaya ) " l 400, 473 laghubhASya saTIka ( pIThikA ) 5600 u0 1-2 6500 12540 2-4 laghubhASya 6600 "3 " ( 7 ) jItakalpa "2 "" "" TabA cUrNi 14000, 16000 vizeSa cUrNi 11000 " bRhadbhASya 8600 paryAya cUrNi 3135 bRhadbhASya 3185 ( gA0 2574 ) paryAya ( 8 ) yatijItakalpa vivaraNalava ( zrItilaka ) " 5 - cUlikA sUtra ( 1 ) nandI 700 gA0 103, gA0 105 TIkA 6773 cUrNa ( siddhasena ) paryAya vivRtti 5700 vRttisaha 8535 cUrNi 1400

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( 46 ) vivaraNa ( hAri0 ) 2336 , , ( malaya0 ) 7732, 7832 ,, durgapadavyAkhyA ( zrIcandra ) paryAya . sthavirAvali ( naMdIgatA ) , avacUri TabA , bAlAvabodha (2) anuyogadvAra 1366, 1604, 1800, 2005 , vRtti ( hema ) 5700, 6000 vArtika 6-mUlasUtra ( 1) uttarAdhyayana 2000, 2300, 2100 sukhabodhA (devendra = nemicandra) 14616, 14200, 12000, 14427, 14452, 14000 avacUri vRtti ( kIrtivallabha ) 8260 akSarAthaM , lavaleza 6568 vRtti ( bhAvavijaya ) 14255 dIpikA ( lakSmIvallabha ) dIpikA 8670 bAlAvabodha 6250 TabA 7000 ( pAzcacaMdra ) kathA 5000 ( padmasAgara ), 4500 niyukti 604 , bRhavRtti ( zAMtisUri ) 18000 , bRhadvRttiparyAya , avacUNi ( jJAnasAgara ) 5250 (2) dazavaikAlika 700 , niyukti 550 , vRtti ( hAri0 )

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( 50 ) , vRtti avacUri , , paryAya TIkA ( sumati ) 2650 TIkA 3000 , TIkA 2800 , avacUri 2143 TabA ( kanakasuMdara ) 1500 (3) Avazyaka , caityavandana-lalitavistarA 1270 paMjikA , TabA ( devakuzala ) 3250 , vRtti ( taruNaprabha ) , avacUri ( kulamaMDana ) , bAlAvabodha TabA niyukti 2572, 3550, 3100, 3375, 3150 ,, pIThikA-bAlAvabodha , ziSyahitA ( hari0) 12343 vivRti ( malaya0 ) laghuvRtti ( tilakAcArya ) niyukti-avacUri (jJAnasAgara) 6005 bAlAvabodha dIpikA laghuvRtti 13000 ,, pradezavyAkhyA (hemacandra) 4600 (?) ,, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 4314, gA0 3672, granthAna 5000, gA0 4336 ,,, vRtti svopajJa ,, ,, vRtti (koTyAcArya) 13700 , ,>> vRtti (hemacandra) 28000, 28676 " ,

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( 51 ) (4) piNDaniyukti 7661 , ziSyahitA (vIragaNi = samudraghoSa) , vRtti (mANikyazekhara) , avacUri (kSamArala) (5) oghaniyukti 1460, gA0 1162, gA0 1154, __ gA0 1165, gA0 1164 , TIkA (droNa0) saha 7385, 8385 , TIkA (droNa0) 6545 / / , avaNi (jJAnasAgara) 3400 (6) pAkSikasUtra , vRtti (yazodeva) 2700 ,, avacuri 621, 1000 Agama aura unakI TIkAoM ke parimAga ke ukta nirdeza se yaha patA calatA hai ki AgamasAhitya kitanA vistRta hai| uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika, kalpasUtra tathA AvazyakasUtra-inakI TIkAoM kI sUcI bhI kAphI lambI hai| sabase adhika TIkAeM likhI gaI haiM kalpasUtra aura AvazyakasUtra pr| isase ina sUtroM kA vizeSa paThana-pAThana sUcita hotA hai| jaba se paryuSaNa meM saMghasamakSa kalpasUtra ke vAcana kI pratiSThA huI hai, isa sUtra kA atyadhika pracAra huA hai| Avazyaka to nitya-kriyA kA grantha hone se usapara adhika TIkAeM likhI jAyaM yaha svAbhAvika hai / AgamoM kA kAla: Adhunika videzI vidvAnoM ne isa bAta ko mAnA hai ki bhale hI devadhi ne pustaka-lekhana karake AgamoM ke surakSA kArya ko Age bar3hAyA kintu ve, jaisA ki kucha prAcArya bhI mAnate haiM, unake kartA nahIM haiN| Agama to prAcIna hI haiN| unhoMne unheM yatra-tatra vyavasthita kiyA / ' AgamoM meM kucha aMza prakSipta ho sakatA hai kintu usa prakSepa ke kAraNa samagra pAgama kA kAla devadhi kA kAla nahIM ho jaataa| unameM kaI aMza aise haiM jo maulika haiN| ataeva pUre pAgama kA eka kAla nahIM kintu tattat prAgama kA parIkSaNa karake kAlanirNaya karanA jarUrI hai| sAmAnya taura para vidvAnoM ne aMga AgamoM kA kAla prakSepoM ko bAda kiyA jAya to pATaliputra kI vAcanA ke kAla ko mAnA hai| pATaliputra kI vAcanA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 1. dekheM-sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa, bhAga 22 kI prastAvanA, pR0 36 meM jekobI kA kathana /

Page #44
( 52 ) bAda chaThe prAcArya ke kAla meM bhadrabAhu ke samaya meM huI aura usakA kAla hai I. pU. 4thI zatAbdI kA dUsarA dazaka / DA. jekobI ne chanda Adi kI dRSTi se adhyayana karake yaha nizcaya kiyA thA ki kisI bhI hAlata meM Agama ke prAcIna aMza I0 pU0 cauthI ke aMta se lekara I0 pU0 tIsarI ke prArambha se prAcIna nahIM Thaharate / 2 hara hAlata meM hama itanA to mAna hI sakate haiM ki AgamoM kA prAcIna aMza I0 pUrva kA hai / unheM devadhi ke kAla taka nahIM lAyA jA sakatA / valabhI meM AgamoM kA lekhanakAla I0 453 ( matAntara se I0 466 ) mAnA jAtA hai / usa samaya kitane Agama lekhabaddha kiye gaye isakI koI sUcanA nahIM milatI / kintu itanI to kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki aMga AgamoM kA prakSepoM ke sAtha yaha lekhana aMtima thA / ataeva aMgoM ke prakSepoM kI yahI aMtima maryAdA ho sakatI hai / praznavyAkaraNa jaise sarvathA nUtana aMga kI valabhI lekhana ke samaya kyA sthiti thI yaha eka samasyA banI hI rahegI / isakA hala abhI to koI dIkhatA nahIM hai / racanAkAla kA mAna lete haiM / kaI vidvAn isa lekhana ke kAla kA aura aMga zrAgamoM ke saMmizraNa kara dete haiM aura isI lekhanasamaya ko racanAkAla bhI yaha to aisI hI bAta hogI jaise koI kisI hastaprati ke lekhanakAla ko dekha kara use hI racanAkAla bhI mAna le | aisA mAnane para to samagra vaidika sAhitya ke kAla kA nirNaya jina niyamoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai vaha nahIM hogA aura hastapratiyoM ke AdhAra para hI karanA hogaa| saca bAta to yaha hai ki jaise vaidika vAGmaya zruta hai vaise hI jaina AgamoM kA aMga vibhAga bhI zruta hai / ataeva usake kAlanirNaya ke lie unhIM niyamoM kA upayoga Avazyaka hai jina niyamoM kA upayoga vaidika vAGmaya ke kAlanirNaya meM kiyA jAtA hai / aMga Agama bha0 mahAvIra kA upadeza hai aura usake AdhAra para unake gaNadharoM ne aMgoM kI racanA kI hai / ataH racanA kA prAraMbha to bha0 mahAvIra ke jA sakatA hai / usameM jo prakSepa hoM unheM alaga kara unakA AdhAroM se karanA cAhie / AgamoM meM aMgabAhya grantha bhI zAmila hue haiM aura ve to gaNadharoM kI racanA nahIM hai ataH unakA samaya nirdhAraNa jaise anya prAcAryoM ke granthoM kA samaya nirdhArita 1. 2. kAla se hIM mAnA samaya nirNaya anya Doctrine of the Jainas, p. 73. sekreDa buksa oNpha dI IsTa, bhAga 22, prastAvanA, pR0 31 se; DokTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR073, 81. 5

Page #45
( 53 ) kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI honA cAhie / aMgabAhyoM kA saMbaMdha vividha vAcanAtroM se bhI nahIM hai aura saMkalana se bhI nahIM hai| unameM jina granthoM ke kartA kA nizcita rUpa se patA hai unakA samaya katA ke samaya ke nizcaya se hI honA caahie| vAcanA aura saMkalanA aura lekhana jina AgamoM ke hue unake sAtha jor3a kara ina aMgabAhya granthoM ke samaya ko bhI anizcita koTi meM DAla denA anyAya hai aura isameM sacAI bhI nahIM hai| ___ aMgabAhyoM meM prajJApanA ke kartA prAyazyAma haiM ataeva prAyaMzyAma kA jo samaya hai vahI usakA racanAsamaya hai| prAyazyAma ko vIranirvANa saMvat 335 meM yugapradhAna pada milA aura ve 376 taka yugapradhAna rhe| ataeva prajJApanA isI kAla kI racanA hai, isameM saMdeha ko sthAna nahIM hai| prajJApanA Adi se aMta taka eka vyavasthita racanA hai jaise ki SaTkhaMDAgama Adi granya haiN| to kyA kAraNa hai ki usakA racanAkAla vahI na mAnA jAya jo usake katA kA kAla hai aura usake kAla ko valabhI ke lekhanakAla taka khIMcA jAya ? ataeva prajJApanA kA racanAkAla I0 pU0 162 se I0 pU0 151 ke bIca kA nizcita mAnanA caahie| ___ candraprajJapti, sUryaprajJapti aura jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti --- ye tIna prajJaptiyAM prAcIna haiM isameM bhI saMdeha ko sthAna nahIM hai| digaMbara paraMparA ne dRSTivAda ke parikama meM ina tInoM prajJaptiyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai aura dRSTivAda ke aMza kA aviccheda bhI mAnA hai| to yahI adhika saMbhava hai ki ye tInoM prajJaptiyAM vicchinna na huI hoM / inakA ullekha zvetAmbaroM ke nandI Adi meM bhI milatA hai| ataeva yaha to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai ki ina tInoM kI racanA zvetAmbara-digambara ke matabheda ke pUrva ho cukI thii| isa dRSTi se inakA racanAsamaya vikrama ke prAraMbha se idhara nahIM A sktaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sUrya-candraprajJapti meM jo jyotiSa kI carcA hai vaha bhAratIya prAcIna vedAMga ke samAna hai| bAda kA jo jyotiSa kA vikAsa hai vaha usameM nahIM hai / aisI paristhiti meM inakA samaya vikrama pUrva hI ho sakatA hai, bAda meM nahIM / chedasUtroM meM dezAta, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtroM ko racanA bhadrabAhu ne kI thii| inake Upara prAcIna niyukti-bhASya Adi prAkRta TIkAeM bhI likhI gaI haiN| ataeva inake vicche hai kI koI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| dhavalA meM kalpa-vyavahAra ko aMgabAhya ginA gayA hai aura usake viccheda kI vahA~ koI carcA nahIM hai| bhadrabAhu kA samaya I0 pU0 357 ke AsapAsa nizcita hai| ataH unake dvArA racita dazAzruta, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra kA samaya bhI vahI honA 1. sAMpratakAla meM upalabdha candraprajJapti aura sUryaprajJapti meM koI bheda nahIM diikhtaa|

Page #46
( 54 ) caahie| nizItha AcArAMga kI cUlA hai aura kisI kAla meM use prAcArAMga se pRthak kiyA gayA hai| usa para bhI niyukti, bhASya, cUNi Adi prAkRta TIkAeM haiN| dhavalA ( pR0 66 ) meM aMgabAhya rUpa se isakA ullekha hai aura usake viccheda kI koI cI usameM nahIM hai ataeva usake viccheda kI koI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| DA0 jekobI aura zubiMga ke anusAra prAcIna chedasUtroM kA samaya I0 pU0 cauthI kA anta aura tIsarI kA prAraMbha mAnA gayA hai vaha ucita hI hai|' jItakalpa prAcArya jinabhadra ko kRti hone se usakA bhI samaya nizcita hI hai| yaha svataMtra granya nahIM kintu pUrvokta cheda granthoM kA sArarUpa hai| prAcArya jinabhadra ke samaya ke nirdhAraNa ke lie vizeSAvazyaka kI jaisalamera kI eka prati ke anta meM jo gAthA dI gaI hai vaha upayukta sAdhana hai| usameM zaka saMvat 531 kA ullekha hai| tadanusAra I0 606 banatA hai| usase itanA siddha hotA hai ki jinabhadra kA kAla isase bAda to kisI bhI hAlata meM nahIM tthhrtaa| gAthA meM jo zaka saMvat kA ullekha hai vaha saMbhavataH usa prati ke kisI sthAna para rakhe jAne kA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vaha usase pahale racA gayA thaa| ataeva isI ke Asa-pAsa kA kAla jItakarUpa kI racanA ke lie bhI liyA jA sakatA hai| mahAnizItha kA jo saMskaraNa upalabdha hai vaha AcArya haribhadra ke dvArA uddhAra kiyA huA hai| ataeva usakA bhI vahI samaya hogA jo AcArya haribhadra kA hai| prAcArya haribhadra kA samayanirdhAraNa aneka pramANoM se prAcArya jinavijayajI ne kiyA hai aura vaha hai I0 700 se 800 ke bIca kaa| mUlasUtroM meM dazavakAlika kI racanA AcArya zayyaMbhava ne kI hai aura yaha to sAdhuoM ko nitya svAdhyAya ke kAma meM AtA hai ataeva usakA viccheda honA saMbhava nahIM thaa| aparAjita sUri ne sAtavIM-AThavoM zatI meM usakI TIkA bhI likhI thii| usase pUrva niyukti, cUNi Adi TIkAeM bhI usa para likhI gaI haiN| pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI meM hone vAle prAcArya pUjyapAda ne ( sarvArthasiddhi, 1.20 ) bhI dazavakAlika kA ullekha kiyA hai aura use pramANa mAnanA cAhie aisA bhI kahA hai| usake viccheda kI koI carcA unhoMne nahIM kI hai| dhavalA (pR0 66) meM bhI aMgabAhya rUpa se dazavakAlika kA ullekha hai aura usake viccheda kI koI carcA nahIM hai| dazavakAlika meM cUlAeM bAda meM jor3I gaI haiM yaha nizcita hai kintu usake jo dasa adhyayana haiM jinake AdhAra para usakA nAma niSpanna hai ve to maulika hI haiN| aisI paristhiti meM una dasa adhyayanoM ke katI to zayyaMbhava haiM hI aura 1. DokTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 81.

Page #47
( 55 ) jo samaya zayyaMbhava kA hai vahI usakA bhI hai / zayyaMbhava vIra ni. 75 se 60 taka yugapradhAna pada para rahe haiM ataeva unakA samaya I0 pU. 452 se 426 hai / isI samaya ke bIca darzavekAlika kI racanA AcArya zayyaMbhava ne kI hogI / uttarAdhyayana kisI eka AcArya kI kRti nahIM hai kintu saMkalana hai / uttarAdhyayana kA ullekha aMgabAhya rUpa se dhavalA ( pR0 66 ) aura sarvArthasiddhi meM ( 1.20 ) hai / usapara niyukti trUNi TIkAeM prAkRta meM likhI gaI haiM / isI kAraNa usakI surakSA bhI huI hai / usakA samaya jo vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai vaha hai I0 pU0 tIsarI cauthI zatI / / Avazyaka sUtra to aMgAgama jitanA hI prAcIna hai jaina nigranthoM ke lie pratidina karane kI Avazyaka kriyAsaMbaMdhI pATha isameM haiM / aMgoM meM jahA~ svAdhyAya kA ullekha AtA hai vahAM prAyaH yaha likhA rahatA hai ki 'sAmAiyAiNi ekAdasaMgANi ( bhagavatI sUtra 63, jJAtA 56, 64 : vipAka 33 ) ; 'sAmAiyamAiyAI coTsapuvvAI' ( bhagavatI sUtra 617, 432 : jJAtA0 54, 55, 130 ) / isase siddha hotA hai ki aMga se bhI pahale Avazyaka sUtra kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA thA / Avazyaka sUtra kA prathama adhyayana sAmAyika hai / isa dRSTi se Avazyaka sUtra ke maulika pATha jina para niyukti, bhASya, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, cUrNi zrAdi prAkRta TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM ve aMga jitane purAne hoMge / aMgabAhya Agama ke bheda Avazyaka aura Avazyakavyatirikta-- isa prakAra kiye gaye haiM / isase bhI * nAma dhavalA meM prAcInatA siddha ataeva jJAna baDhate gaye haiM / isakA mahattva siddha hotA hai / zrAvazyaka ke chahoM adhyayanoM ke aMgabAhya meM ginAe haiM / aisI paristhiti meM Avazyaka sUtra kI hotI hI hai / Avazyaka cU~ki nityaprati karane kI kriyA hai vRddhi aura dhyAnavRddhi ke lie usameM para samaya-samaya upayogI pATha Adhunika bhASA ke pATha bhI usameM jor3e gaye haiM kintu mUla pATha kauna se the isakA to pRthakkaraNa prAcIna prAkRta TIkAtroM ke AdhAra para karanA sahaja hai / aura vaisA zrI paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apane 'pratikramaNa' grantha meM kiyA bhI hai / ataeva una pAThoM ke hI samaya kA vicAra yahA~ prastuta haiM / una pAThoM kA samaya bha0 mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla ke AsapAsa nahIM to unake kI prathama zatI meM to rakhA jA sakatA hai / nirvANa ke nikaTa yA bAda piNDaniyukti dazarvakAlika kI TIkA hai aura vaha prA0 bhadrabAhu kI kRti hai / 1. DokTrina oNpha dI jainsa, pR0 81.

Page #48
( 56 ) ye bhadrabAhu adhika saMbhava yaha hai ki dvitIya hoN| yadi yaha sthiti siddha ho to unakA samaya pAMcavI zatAbdI ThaharatA hai| ___ nandI sUtra devavAcaka kI kRti hai ataeva usakA samaya pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra ke kartA kauna haiM yaha kahanA kaThina hai kintu itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha Avazyaka sUtra kI vyAkhyA hai ataeva usake bAda kA to hai hii| usameM kaI granthoM ke ullekha haiN| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha vikrama pUrva kA grantha hai| yaha grantha aisA hai ki saMbhava hai usameM kucha prekSepa hue hoN| isakI eka saMkSipta vAcanA bhI milatI hai| prakIrNakoM meM se causaraNa, pAurapaccakkhAga aura bhatraparinnA--ye tIna vIrabhadra kI racanAeM haiM aisA eka mata hai| yadi yaha saca hai to unakA samaya I0 651 hotA hai| gacchAcAra prakIrNaka kA AdhAra hai-mahAnizItha, kalpa aura vyavahAra / ataeva yaha kRti unake bAda kI ho isameM saMdeha nahIM hai|' vastusthiti yaha hai ki eka-eka grantha lekara usakA bArIkI se adhyayana karake usakA samaya nirdhArita karanA abhI bAkI hai| ataeva jabataka yaha nahIM hotA tabataka Upara jo samaya kI cacI kI gaI hai vaha kAmacalAU samajhI jAnI caahie| kaI vidvAn ina granthA ke adhyayana meM lageM tabhI yathArtha aura sarvagrAhI nirNaya para pahuMcA jA skegaa| jabataka aisA nahIM hotA tabataka Upara jo samaya ke bAre meM likhA hai vaha mAna kara hama apane zodhakArya ko Age bar3hA sakate haiM / Agama-viccheda kA prazna : vyavahAra sUtra meM viziSTa prAgama-paThana kI yogyatA kA jo varNana hai ( dazama uddezaka ) usa prasaMga meM nirdiSTa Agama, tathA naMdI aura pAkSikasUtra meM jo Agama-sUcI dI hai tathA sthAnAMga meM prAsaMgika rUpa se jina AgamA kA ullekha hai-ityAdi ke AdhAra para zrI kApaDiyA ne zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra anupalabdha prAgamoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai / 2 ataeva yahA~ vistAra anAvazyaka hai| nimna aMga AgamoM kA aMza zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra sAMpratakAla meM anupalabdha haiM : 1 AcArAMga kA mahAparijJA adhyayana, 2 jJAtAdharmakayA kI kaI kathAeM, 3 praznavyAkaraNa kA vaha rUpa jo naMdI, samavAya Adi meM nirdiSTa hai tathA dRSTivAda-itanA aMza to aMgoM meM se vicchinna ho gayA yaha spaSTa hai| aMgoM ke jo parimANa nirdiSTa haiM use dekhate hue aura yadi vaha vastusthiti kA bodhaka hai to 1. kApaDiyA-kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 52. 2. kenonikala liTarecara, prakaraNa 4.

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( 57 ) mAnanA cAhie ki aMgoM kA jo bhAga upalabdha hai usase kahIM adhika vilupta ho gayA hai| kintu aMgoM kA jo parimANa batAyA gayA hai vaha vastusthiti kA bodhaka ho aisA jaMcatA nahIM kyoMki adhikAMza ko uttarottara dviguNa-dviguNa batAyA gayA hai kintu ve yathArtha meM vaise hI rUpa meM hoM aisI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| kevala mahattva samarpita karane ke lie vaisA kaha diyA ho yaha adhika saMbhava hai| aisI hI bAta dvIpa-samudroM ke parimANa meM bhI dekhI gaI hai| vaha bhI gaNitika sacAI ho sakatI hai para yathArtha se usakA koI mela nahIM hai| digambara AmnAya jo dhavalA TIkA meM nirdiSTa hai tadanusAra gautama se sakala zruta ( dvAdazAMga aura caudaha pUrva ) lohAyaM ko milA, unase jaMbU ko| ye tInoM hI sakala zratasAgara ke pAragAmI the| usake bAda krama se viSNu Adi pAMca prAcArya hue jo caudahapUrvadhara the| yahAM yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki jaba unheM caudahapUrvadhara kahA hai to ve zeSa aMgoM ke bhI jJAtA the hii| arthAta ye bhI sakalazrutadhara the| gautama Adi tIna apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM sarvajJa bhI hue aura ye pAMca nahIM hue itanA hI ina donoM vargoM meM bheda hai| ___usake bAda vizAkhAcArya Adi gyAraha AcArya dazapUrvadhara hue| tAtparya yaha hai ki ye sakalazruta meM se kevala dazapUrva aMza ke jJAtA the, saMpUrNa ke nahIM / isake bAda nakSatrAdi pAMca AcArya aise hue jo ekAdazAMgadhArI the aura bArahaveM aMga ke caudahapUrvo ke aMzadhara hI the| eka bhI pUrva saMpUrNa inheM jJAta nahIM thaa| usake bAda subhadrAdi cAra prAcArya aise hue jo kevala AcArAMga ko saMpUrNa rUpa se kintu zeSa aMgoM aura pUrvo ke eka deza ko hI jAnate the| isake bAda saMpUrNa AcArAMga ke dhAraka bhI koI nahIM hue aura kevala sabhI aMgoM ke eka deza ko aura sabhI pUrvo ke eka deza ko jAnane vAle prAcAryoM kI paraMparA clii| yahI paraMparA dharasena taka calI hai|' isa vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki sakalabhUtadhara hone meM dvAdazAMga kA jAnanA / jarUrI hai| aMgabAhya granthoM kA AdhAra ye hI dvAdazAMga the ataeva sakalazrutadhara hone meM aMgabAhya mahattva ke nhiiN| yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki isameM kramazaH aMgadharoM arthAt aMgaviccheda kI hI carcA hai| dhavalA meM hI AvazyakAdi 14 aMgabAhyoM kA ullekha hai kintu unake viccheda kI carcA nahIM hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki kama se kama dhavalA ke samaya taka aMgabAhyoM ke viccheda kI 1. dhavalA pu0 1, pR0 65-67; jayadhavalA, pR0 83. 2. dhavalA, pR066 (pu01).

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( 58 ) koI carcA digambara AmnAya meM thI hI nhiiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne zratavivaraNa meM savArthasiddhi meM aMgabAhya aura aMgoM kI carcA kI hai kintu unhoMne Agamaviccheda kI koI cacI nahIM kii| AcAMyaM prakalaMka jo dhavalA se pUrva hue haiM unhoMne bhI bhaMga yA aMgabAhya Agamaviccheda kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai| ataeva dhavalA kI carcA se hama itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki dhavalAkAra ke samaya taka digaMbara AmnAya meM aMgaviccheda kI bAta to thI kintu Avazyaka Adi aMgabAhya ke viccheda kI koI mAnyatA nahIM thii| ataeva yaha saMzodhana kA viSaya hai ki bhaMgabAhya ke viccheda ko mAnyatA digambara paraMparA meM kaba se calI ? kheda isa bAta kA hai ki paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne Agamaviccheda kI bahuta bar3I carcA apanI pIThikA meM kI hai kintu isa mUla prazna kI chAnabIna kiye binA hI digaMbaroM kI sAMpratakAlIna mAnyatA kA uslekha kara diyA hai aura usakA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| vastasthiti to yaha hai ki Agama kI surakSA kA prazna jaba mAcAryoM ke samakSa thA taba dvAdazAMgarUpa gaNipiTaka kI surakSA kA hI prazna thA kyoMki ye hI maulika Agama the| anya prAgama anya to samaya aura zakti ke anusAra banate rahate haiM aura lupta hote rahate haiN| ataeva prAgamavAcanA kA prazna mukhyarUpa se maMgoM ke viSaya meM hI hai| inhIM kI surakSA ke lie kaI vAcanAeM kI gaI haiN| ina vAcanAoM ke viSaya meM paM0 kailAzacandra ne jo citra upasthita kiyA hai ( pIThikA pR0 466 se ) usa para adhika vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| vaha yathAsamaya kiyA jaaygaa| yahAM to hama vidvAnoM kA dhyAna isa bAta kI ora khIMcanA cAhate haiM ki Agama pustakAkAra rUpa meM likhe jAte the yA nahIM, aura isa para bhI ki zrRtaviccheda kI jo bAta hai vaha likhita pustaka kI hai yA smRta zruta kI ? bhAgama pustaka meM likhe jAte the isakA pramANa anuyogadvAra sUtra jitanA to prAcIna hai hii| usameM Avazyaka sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga se sthApanA Avazyaka kI carcA meM potyakamma ko sthApanA-Avazyaka kahA hai| isI prakAra zrata ke viSaya meM sthApanA-zruta meM bhI potthakamma ko sthApanA-zruta kahA hai ( anuyogahAra sU0 31 pra. 32 a)| dravyazruta ke bheda rUpa se jJAyakazarIra aura bhavyazarIra ke bhatirikta jo dravyazruta kA bheda hai usameM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki "pattayapohaya1. anuyoga kI TIkA meM likhA hai-"athavA potthaM pustakaM tacceha saMpuTakarUpaM gRhyate tatra karma tanmadhye vartikAlikhitaM ruupkmityrthH| athavA potthaM tADapatrAdi / tatra karma tacchedaniSpanna rUpakam" pR0 13 a,

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( 56 ) lihiyaM" ( sUtra 37) / usa pada kI TIkA meM anuyogadvAra ke TIkAkAra ne likhA hai - "patrakANi talatAsyAdisaMbandhIni, tatsaMghAtaniSpannAstu pustakAH, tatazca patrakANi ca pustakAca, teSu likhitaM patrakapustakalikhitam / athavA 'potyaya'ti potaM vastraM patrakANi ca potaM ca, teSu likhitaM patrakapotalikhitaM jJazarIrabhavyazarIra-vyatiriktaM drvyshrutm| atra ca patrakAdilikhitasya zrutasya bhAvazrutakAraNatvAt dravyazrutatvameva avaseyam |"-pR0 34 / . ___ isa zrutacarcA meM anuyogadvAra ko bhAvazrutarUpa se kauna sA zruta vivakSita hai yaha bhI Age kI carcA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| Age lokottara nogrAgama bhAvazruta ke bheda meM tIthaMkarapraNIta dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka AcAra Adi ko bhAvata meM ginA hai| isase zaMkA ko koI sthAna nahIM rahanA cAhie aura yaha spaSTa ho jAnA cAhie ki anuyogadvAra ke samaya meM AcAra Adi aMga pustakarUpa meM likhe jAte the| maMga pAgama pustaka meM likhe jAte the kintu paThana-pAThana praNAlI meM to gurumukha se hI Agama kI vAcanA lenI cAhie yaha niyama thaa| anyathA karanA acchA nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| ataeva prathama gurumukha se par3ha kara hI pustaka meM lekhana yA usakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hogA aisA anumAna hotA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vAcanA ke zikSita Adi guNoM ke varNana meM prAcArya jinabhadra ne 'guruvAyaNovagayaM'-guruvAcanopagata kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai ki "Na coritaM potthayAtovA'-gA0 852 / usakI svakRta vyAkhyA meM likhA hai ki "gurunirvAcitam, na coryAt karNAghATitaM, svataMtreNa vA'dhItaM pustakAt"--vizeSA0 svopajJa vyAkhyA gA0 852 / tAtparya yaha hai ki guru kisI anya ko par3hAte hoM aura use corI se sunakara yA pustaka se zruta kA jJAna lenA yaha ucita nahIM hai| vaha to gurumukha se unakI saMmati se suna kara hI karanA caahie| isase bhI spaSTa hai ki anuyogadvAra ke pahale anya likhe jAte the kintu unakA paThana sarvaprathama gurumukha se honA jarUrI thaa| yaha paraMparA jinabhadra taka to mAnya thI hI aisA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| guru ke mukha se sunakara apanI smRti kA bhAra halakA karane ke lie kucha noMdharUpa ( TippaNarUpa ) Agama prArambha meM likhe jAte hoNge| yaha bhI kAraNa hai ki usakA mUlya utanA nahIM ho sakatA jitanA zrutadhara kI smRti meM rahe hue AgamoM kA / 1. anuyogadvAra-sUtra 42, pR0 37 a. 2. anuyogadvAra meM zikSita, sthita, jita Adi guNoM kA nirdeza hai unakI vyAkhyA jinabhadra ne kI haiM-anu0 sU0 13.

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yaha saba anumAna hI hai| kintu jaba Agama pustakoM meM likhe gaye the phira bhI vAcanAoM kA mahattva mAnA gayA, to usase yahI anumAna ho sakatA hai jo satya ke nikaTa hai| gurumukha se vAcanA meM jo Agama mile vahI Agama paraMparAgata kahA jaaegaa| pustaka se par3ha kara kiyA huA jJAna, yA pustaka meM likhA huA Agama utanA pramANa nahIM mAnA jAyagA jitanA gurumukha se par3hA huaa| yahI guruparaMparA kI vizeSatA hai| ataeva pustaka meM jo kucha bhI likhA ho kintu mahattva to usakA hai jo vAcaka kI smRti meM hai| ataeva pustakoM meM likhita hone para bhI usake prAmANya ko yadi mahattva nahIM milA to usakA mUlya bhI kama huA / isI ke kAraNa pustaka meM likhe rahane para bhI jaba-jaba saMgha ko mAlUma huA ho ki zru tadharoM kA hrAsa ho rahA hai, zrutasaMkalana ke prayatna kI AvazyakatA par3I hoMgI aura vibhinna vAcanAeM huI hoNgii| aba Agamaviccheda ke prazna para vicAra kiyA jaay| Agamaviccheda ke viSaya meM bhI do mata haiN| eka ke anusAra sutta vinaSTa hanA hai, taba dUsare ke anusAra sutta nahIM kintu suttadhara---pradhAna anuyogadhara vinaSTa hue haiN| ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza naMdI-bUrNi jitanA to purAnA hai hii| AzcayaM to isa bAta kA hai ki digaMbara paraMparA ke dhavalA ( pR0 65 ) meM tathA jayadhavalA (pR0 83) meM dUsare pakSa ko mAnA gayA hai arthAt zrutadharoM ke viccheda kI carcA pradhAnarUpa se kI gaI hai aura zrutadharoM ke viccheda se zruta kA viccheda phalita mAnA gayA hai| kintu Aja kA digaMbara samAja zruta kA hI viccheda mAnatA hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki pustaka meM likhita AgamoM kA utanA mahattva nahIM hai jitanA zrutadharoM kI smRti meM rahe hue AgamoM kaa| jisa prakAra dhavalA meM kramazaH zratadharoM ke viccheda kI bAta kahI hai usI prakAra titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM zruta ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai| vaha isa prakAra hai prathama bha0 mahAvIra se bhadrabAhu taka kI paraMparA dI gaI hai aura sthUlabhadra bhadrabAhu ke pAsa caudahapUrva kI vAcanA lene gaye isa bAta kA nirdeza hai| yaha nirdiSTa hai ki dazapUrvadharoM meM aMtima sarvamitra the| usake bAda nirdiSTa hai ki vIranirvANa ke 1000 varSa bAda pUrvo kA viccheda huaa| yahA~ para yaha dhyAna denA jarUrI hai ki yahI ullekha bhagavatI sUtra meM ( 2.8 ) bhI hai| tityogAlI meM usake bAda nimna prakAra se kramazaH zrutaviccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai 1. dekhie-naMdIcUrNi, pR0.8.

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( 61 ) I0 723 = vIra - nirvANa 1250 meM vivAhaprajJapti aura chaH aMgoM kA viccheda 1300 meM samavAyAMga kA viccheda I0 773 = 1350 meM ThANAMga kA 1400 meM kalpa vyavahAra kA 1500 meM dazAbhUta kA 1600 meM sUtrakRtAMga kA "" 2000 meM vizAkha muni ke samaya meM nizItha kA 2300 meM AcArAMga kA I0 823 = I0 873 I0 673 = I0 1373 = I0 1473 = I0 1773 = " 23 27 "" "" 77 33 dusamA ke aMta meM duppasaha muni ke hone ke ki ve hI aMtima zrAcAravara hoMge / isake bAda nirdiSTa hai ki usake I0 16673 = vorani0 I0 20373 = I0 20473 = I0 20473 = "" " " 20500 20600 21000 21000 " " 17. " " ullekha ke bAda yaha kahA gayA hai| bAda anAcAra kA sAmrAjya hogA / meM uttarAdhyayana kA viccheda meM darzA 0 sUtra kA viccheda meM dazavai 0 ke artha kA viccheda duppasaha muni kI mRtyu ke bAda / paryanta Avazyaka, anuyogadvAra aura naMdI sUtra vyavacchinna raheMge / - titthogAlI gA0 667-866. titthogAlIya prakaraNa zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla grantha hai aisA usake adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai / usameM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke 14 svapnoM kA ullekha hai gA0 100, 1024; strI-mukti kA samarthana bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai gA0 556 ; Avazyakaniyukti kI kaI gAthAeM isameM AtI haiM gA0 70 se, 383 se ityAdi anuyogadvAra aura nandI kA ullekha aura unake tIrthaMparyaMnta Tike rahane kI bAta ; dazAzcayaM kI carcA gA0 887 se; nandIsUtragata saMghastutikA avataraNa gA0 848se hai / AgamoM ke kramika viccheda kI carcA jisa prakAra jainoM meM hai usI prakAra bauddhoM ke anAgatavaMza meM bhI tripiTaka ke viccheda kI carcA kI gaI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki zramaNoM kI yaha eka sAmAnya dhAraNA hai ki zruta kA viccheda kramazaH hotA hai / titthogAlI meM zraMgaviccheda kI carcA hai isa bAta ko vyavahArabhASya ke kartA ne bhI mAnA hai

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( 62 ) "tityogAlI etthaM vattavvA hoi ANupuvIe / je tassa u aMgassa bucchedo jahiM viNiddiTTho" --vya0 bhA0 10.704 isase jAnA jA sakatA hai ki aMgaviccheda kI carcA prAcIna hai aura yaha digaMbara-zvetAmbara donoM saMpradAyoM meM calI hai| aisA hote hue bhI yadi zvetAmbaroM ne aMgoM ke aMza ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA aura vaha aMza Aja hameM upalabdha hai--yaha mAnA jAya to isameM kyA anucita hai ? / ___eka bAta kA aura bhI spaSTIkaraNa jarUrI hai ki digambaroM meM bhI dhavalA ke anusAra sarva aMgoM kA saMpUrNa rUpa se viccheda mAnA nahIM gayA hai kintu yaha mAnA gayA hai ki pUrva aura aMga ke ekadezadhara hue haiM aura unakI paraMparA calI hai| usa paraMparA ke viccheda kA bhaya to pradarzita kiyA hai kintu vaha paraMparA vicchinna ho gaI aisA spaSTa ullekha dhavalA yA jayadhavalA meM bhI nahIM hai| vahA~ spaSTarUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki vIranirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda bhAratavarSa meM jitane bhI prAcArya hue haiM ve sabhI "savvesimaMgapuvvANamekadesadhArayA jAdA" arthAt sarvaM aMga-pUrva ke ekadezadhara hue haiM-jayadhavalA bhA0 1, pR0 87; dhavalA pR0 67 / tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI zrutaviccheda kI carcA hai aura vahA~ bhI prAcArAMgadhArI taka kA samaya vIrani0 683 batAyA gayA hai| tiloyapatti ke anusAra bhI aMga zruta kA sarvathA viccheda mAnya nahIM hai| use bhI aMga-pUrva ke ekadezadhara ke astitva meM saMdeha nahIM hai| usake anusAra bhI aMgabAhya ke viccheda kA koI prazna uThAyA nahIM gayA hai| vastutaH tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra zrutatIthaM kA viccheda vIrani0 20317 meM hogA arthAt taba taka zruta kA ekadeza vidyamAna rahegA hI (dekhie, 4. gA0 1475--1463) / tiloyapannatti meM prakSepa kI mAtrA adhika hai phira bhI usakA samaya DA0 upAdhye ne jo nizcita kiyA hai vaha mAnA jAya to vaha I0 473 aura 606 ke bIca hai| tadanusAra bhI usa samaya taka sarvathA zrutaviccheda kI carcA nahIM thii| tiloyapaNNatti kA hI anusaraNa dhavalA meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| . aisI hI bAta yadi zvetAMbara paraMparA meM bhI huI ho to isameM koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| usameM bhI saMpUrNa nahIM hone se aMga AgamoM kA ekadeza surakSita rahA ho aura use hI saMkalita kara surakSita rakhA gayA ho to isameM kyA asaMgati hai ? donoM paraMparAmoM meM aMga bhAgamoM kA

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jo parimANa batAyA gayA hai use dekhate hue zvetAmbaroM ke aMga Agama ekadeza hI siddha hote haiN| ye Agama Adhunika digambaroM ko mAnya hoM yA na hoM yaha eka dUsarA prazna hai| kintu zvetAMbaroM ne jina aMgoM ko saMkalita kara surakSita rakhA hai usameM aMgoM kA eka aMza-bar3A aMza vidyamAna hai--itanI bAta meM to zaMkA kA koI sthAna honA nahIM caahie| sAtha hI yaha bhI svIkAra karanA cAhie ki una maMgoM meM yatra-tatra prakSepa bhI haiM aura praznavyAkaraNa to nayA hI banAyA gayA hai| isa carcA ke prakAza meM yadi hama nimna vAkya jo paM0 kailAzacandra ne apanI pIThikA meM likhA hai use nirAdhAra kaheM to anucita nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| unhoMne likhA hai-"aura anta meM mahAvIranirvAga se 683 varSa ke pazcAt aMgoM kA jJAna pUrNatayA naSTa ho gyaa|" pIThikA pR0 518 / unakA yaha mata svayaM dhavalA aura jayadhavalA ke abhimatoM se viruddha hai aura apanI hI kalpanA ke AdhAra para khar3A kiyA gayA hai| zrutAvatAra: zru tAvatAra kI paraMparA zvetAMbara-digaMbaroM meM eka sI hI hai kintu paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne usameM bhI bheda batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ataeva yahA~ prathama donoM saMpradAyoM meM isI viSaya meM kisa prakAra aikya hai, sarvaprathama isakI carcA karake bAda meM paMDitajI ke kucha praznoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| bha0 mahAvIra zAsana ke netA the aura unake aneka gaNadhara the isa viSaya meM donoM saMpradAyoM meM koI matabheda nhiiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra yA anya koI tIrthaMkara athaM kA hI upadeza dete haiM, sUtra kI racanA nahIM karate isameM bhI donoM saMpradAyoM kA aikamatya hai| zrutAvatAra kA krama batAte hue anuyogadvAra meM kahA gayA hai "ahavA prAgame tivihe pnnnntte| taM jahA attAgame aNaMtarAgame paraMparAgame / titthagarANaM atyassa attAgame, gaNaharANaM suttarasa attAgame atyassa aNaMtarAgame, gaNaharasIsAga suttassa aNaMtarAgame atthassa prNpraagme| teNa paraM suttassa vi atyassa vi No attAgame, No aNaMtarAgame, paraMparAgame |"-anuyogdvaar sU0 144, pR0 216 / isI kA punarAvartana nizIthacUNi (pR0 4) Adi meM bhI kiyA gayA hai|

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( 64 ) pUjyapAdakRta sarvArthasiddhi granya meM isa viSaya meM jo likhA hai vaha isa prakAra hai-"tatra sarvajJena paramarSiNA paramAcintyakevalajJAnavibhUtivizeSeNa arthata Agama uddiSTaH |"tsy sAkSAt ziSyaiH buddhayatizayaddhiyuktaH gaNadharaiH zrutakevalibhiranusmRtagranyaracanam-aGgapUrvalakSaNam |''--svorthsiddhi 1.20 / / spaSTa hai ki pUjyapAda ke samaya taka granyaracanA ke viSaya meM zvetAmbaradigaMbara meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki kevala eka hI gaNadhara sUtra racanA nahIM karate kintu aneka gaNadhara sUtraracanA karate haiN| pUjyapAda ko to yahI paraMparA mAnya hai jo zvetAmbaroM ke saMmata anuyoga meM dI gaI hai yaha spaSTa hai| isI paraMparA kA samarthana prAcArya akalaMka aura vidyAnanda ne bhI kiyA hai___ "buddhayatizaddhi yuktairgaNadharaiH anusmRtagranyaracanam-prAcArAdidvAdazavidhamaGgapraviSTamucyate |"--raajvaartik 1. 20. 12, pR0 72 / "tasyApyarthataH sarvajJavotarAgapraNetRkatvasiddhaH, 'ahaMdbhASitArthaM gaNadharadevaiH prathitam' iti vacanAt / " tatvArthazlokavArtika pR0 6; "dravyazrutaM hi dvAdazAGgaM vacanAtmakamAptopadezarUpameva, tadarthajJAnaM tu bhAvazrutam, tadubhayamapi gaNadharadevAnAM bhagavadahatsarvajJavacanAtizayaprasAdAt svamatizrutajJAnAvaraNavIyontarAyakSayopazamAtizayAca utpadyamAnaM kathamAptAyattaM na bhavet ?' vahI pR01| __ isa taraha AcArya pUjyapAda, AcArya akalaMka aura AcArya vidyAnanda ye sabhI digaMbara prAcArya spaSTa rUpa se mAnate haiM ki sabhI gaNadhara sUtra-racanA karate haiN| aisI paristhiti meM ina prAcAryoM ke mata ke anusAra yahI phalita hotA hai ki gautama gaNadhara ne aura anya sudharmA Adi ne bhI grantharacanA kI thii| kevala gautama ne hI granyaracanA kI ho aura sudharmA Adi ne na kI ho yaha phalita nahIM hotaa| yaha paristhiti vidyAnanda taka to mAnya thI aisA pratIta hotA hai / aisA hI mata zvetAmbaroM kA bhI hai| paM0 kailAzacandra ne yaha likhA hai ki "hamane isa bAta ko khojanA cAhA ki jaise digaMbara paraMparA ke anusAra pradhAna gaNadhara gautama ne mahAvIra kI dezanA ko aMgoM meM gUthA vaise zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra mahAvIra kI vANI ko sunakara use aMgoM meM kisane nibaddha kiyA ? kintu khojane para bhI hameM kisI khAsa gaNadhara kA nirdeza isa saMbaMdha meM nahIM milaa|"--piitthikaa pR0 530 / / isa viSama meM prathama yaha batA denA jarUrI hai ki yahA~ paM0 kailAzacandrajI yaha bAta 'kevala gautama ne hI aMgaracanA kI thI'-isa mantavya ko mAnakara hI

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kaha rahe haiN| aura yaha mantavya dhavalA se unheM milA hai jahA~ yaha kahA gayA hai ki gautama ne aMgajJAna sudhamI ko diyaa| ataeva yaha phalita kiyA gayA ki sudharmA ne aMgagrathana nahIM kiyA thA, kevala gautama ne kiyA thaa| ___hamane Upara jo pUjyapAda Adi dhavalA se prAcIna prAcAryoM ke avataraNa diye haiM usase to yahI phalita hotA hai ki dhavalAkAra ne apanA yaha nayA mantavya pracalita kiyA hai yadi-jaisA ki paMDita kailAzacandra ne mAnA hai-yahI saca ho| ataeva dhavalAkAra ke vAkya kI saMgati baiThAnA ho to isa viSaya meM dUsarA hI mAgaM lenA hogA yA yaha mAnanA hogA ki dhavalAkAra prAcIna prAcAryoM se pRthak matAntara ko upasthita kara rahe haiM, jisakA koI prAcIna AdhAra nahIM hai| yaha kevala unhIM kA calAyA huA mata hai| hamArA mata to yahI hai ki dhavalAkAra ke vAkya kI saMgati baiThAne kA dUsarA hI mArga lenA cAhie, na ki pUrvAcAryoM ke mata ke sAtha unakI visaMgati kaa| aba yaha dekhA jAya ki kyA zvetAmbaroM ne kisI gaNadhara vyakti kA nAma sUtra ke racayitA ke rUpa meM diyA hai ki nahIM jisakI khoja to paM0 kailAzacandra ne kI kintu ve viphala rhe| Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthA hai"ekkArasa vi gaNadhare pavAyae pavayaNassa vNdaami| savvaM gaNadharavaMsaM vAyagavaMsaM pavayagaM ca / / 80 // --vizeSA0 1062 isakI TIkA meM AcArya maladhArI ne spaSTarUpa se likhA hai "gautamAdIn vande / kathaM bhUtAn prakarSeNa pradhAnAH pAdau vA vAcakAH pravAcakAH pravacanasya Agamasya |"-pR0 460 / ' isI niyuktigAthA kI bhASyagAthAnoM ko svopajJa TIkA meM jinabhadra ne bhI likhA hai "yathA ahaMnnarthasya vakteti pUjyastathA gagadharAH gautamAdayaH sUtrasya vaktAra iti . pUjyante maGgalatvAcca / " prastuta meM gautamAdikA spaSTa ullekha hone se 'zvetAmbaroM meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai kintu khAsa nAma nahIM milatA'-yaha paMDitajI kA kathana nirmUla siddha hotA hai| 1. yaha pustaka paMDitajI ne dekhI hai ataeva isakA avataraNa yahA~ diyA hai|

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yahA~ yaha bhI batA denA jarUrI hai ki paMDitajI ne apanI pIThikA meM jina "tavaniyamanANa'' ityAdi niyukti kI do gAthAnoM ko vizeSAvazyaka se uddhRta kiyA hai (pIThikA pR0 530 kI TippaNI ) unakI TIkA to paMDitajI ne avazya hI dekhI hogI-usameM AcArya hemacandra spaSTarUpa se likhate haiM "tena vimalabuddhimayena paTena gaNadharA gautamAdayo"-vizeSA0 TIkA. gA0 1095, pR0 502 / aisA hote hue bhI paMDitajI ko zvetAmbaroM meM sUtra ke racayitA ke rUpa meM khAsa gaNadhara ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM milA-yaha eka Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA hI hai| aura yadi paMDitajI kA matalaba yaha ho ki kisI khAsa = eka hI vyakti kA nAma nahIM milatA to yaha batA denA jarUrI hai ki zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM ke mata se jaba sabhI gaNadhara pravacana kI racanA karate haiM to kisI eka hI kA nAma to mila hI nahIM sktaa| aisI paristhiti meM isake AdhAra para paMDitajI ne zrutAvatAra kI paraMparA meM donoM saMpradAyoM ke bheda ko mAna kara jo kalpanAjAla khar3A kiyA hai vaha nirarthaka hai| paM0 kailAzacandrajI mAnate haiM ki zvetAmbara-vAcanAgata aMgajJAna sArvajanika hai "kintu digaMbara-paraMparA meM aMgajJAna kA uttarAdhikAra guru-ziSya paraMparA ke rUpa meM hI pravAhita hotA hA mAnA gayA hai| usake anusAra aMgajJAna ne kabhI bhI sArvajanika rUpa nahIM liyaa|"-piitthikaa pR0 543 / yahA~ paMDitajI kA tAtparya ThIka samajha meM nahIM aataa| guru apane eka hI ziSya ko par3hAtA thA aura vaha phira guru bana kara apane ziSya ko--isa prakAra kI paraMparA digaMbaroM meM calI hai-kyA paMDitajI kA yaha abhiprAya hai ? yadi guru aneka ziSyoM ko par3hAtA hogA taba to maMgajJAna zvetAmbaroM kI taraha sArvajanika ho jAyagA / aura yadi yaha abhiprAya hai ki eka hI ziSya ko, taba zAstravirodha paMDitajI ke dhyAna ke bAhara gayA haiyaha kahanA par3atA hai| SaTkhaMDAgama kI dhavalA meM paripATI aura aparipATI se sakala zruta ke pAragAmI kA ullekha hai| usameM aparipATI se--'aparivADie puNa sayalasudapAragA saMkhejjasahassA" (dhavalA pR0 65) kA ullekha hai-isakA spaSTIkaraNa paMDitajI kyA kareMge? hameM to yaha samajha meM AtA hai ki yugapradhAna yA vaMzaparaMparA meM jo kramazaH AcArya-gaNadhara hue arthAt gaNa ke mukhiyA hue unakA ullekha paripATIkrama meM samajhanA cAhie aura gaNa ke mukhya prAcArya ke alAvA jo zrutadhara the ve paripATIkrama se saMbaddha na hone se aparipATI meM gine gye| vaise aparipATI meM sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM sakala zra tadhara the| to yaha aMgabhUta zvetAMbaroM kI taraha digaMbaroM meM bhI sArvajanika thA hI yaha mAnanA

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( 67 ) par3atA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA jarUrI hai ki jayadhavalA meM yaha spaSTa likhA hai ki sudharmA ne kevala eka jaMbU ko hI nahIM kintu aMgoM kI vAcanA apane aneka ziSyoM ko dI thI- "taddivase ceva suhammAiriyo jaMbUsAmiyAdINamaNeyAraNamAiriyAgaM vakkhANidaduvAlasaMgo ghAicaukkakkhayeNa kevalI jaado|"-jydhvlaa pR0 84 / ____ yahA~ spaSTarUpa se jaMbU ne apane ziSya aise eka nahIM kintu aneka AcAryoM ko dvAdazAMga par3hAyA hai-aisA ullekha hai| isa para se kyA hama kalpanA nahIM kara sakate ki saMgha meM zrutadharoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I hotI thI ? aisI sthiti meM zvetAmbara-digaMbaroM meM jisa viSaya meM kabhI bheda rahA nahIM usa viSaya meM bheda kI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai| prAcIna paraMparA ke anusAra zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM meM yahI mAnyatA phalita hotI hai ki sabhI gaNadhara sUtraracanA karate the aura apane aneka ziSyoM ko usakI vAcanA dete the| eka bAta aura yaha bhI hai ki aMgajJAna sArvajanika ho gayA zvetAmbaroM meM aura digaMbaroM meM nahIM huAisase paMDitajI kA vizeSa tAtpayaM kyA yaha hai ki kevala digaMbara paraMparA meM hI guru-ziSya paraMparA se hI aMgajJAna pravAhita hRyA aura zvetAmbaroM meM nahIM ? yadi aisA hI unakA mantavya hai jaisA ki unake Age uddhRta avataraNa se spaSTa hai to yaha bhI unakA kahanA ucita nahIM jNctaa| hamane acAyaM jinabhadra ke avataraNoM se yaha spaSTa kiyA hI hai ki unake samaya taka yahI paraMparA thI ki ziSya ko gurumukha se hI aura vaha bhI unakI anumati se hI, corI se nahIM, zruta kA pATha lenA jarUrI thA aura yahI paraMparA vizeSAvazyaka ke TIkAkAra hemacandra ne bhI mAnI hai| itanA hI nahIM Aja bhI yaha paraMparA zvetAmbaroM meM pracalita hai ki yogapUrvaka, tapasyApUrvaka gurumukha se hI zrutapATha ziSya ko lenA caahie| aisA hone para hI vaha usakA pAThI kahA jaaygaa| aisI sthiti meM zvetAmbara-paraMparA meM vaha sArvajanika ho gayA aura digaMbara-paraMparA meM guruziSya paraMparA taka sImita rahApaMDitajI kA yaha kahanA kahA~ taka saMgata hai ? ___ sArvajanika' se tAtparya yaha ho ki kaI sAdhuoM ne mila kara aMga kI vAcanA nizcita kI ataeva zvetAmbaroM meM vaha vyaktigata na rahA aura sArvajanika ho gyaa| isa prakAra sArvajanika ho jAne se hI digaMbaroM ne aMgazAstra ko mAnyatA na dI ho yaha bAta hamArI samajha se to pare hai| koI eka vyakti kahe vahI satya aura aneka milakara usakI sacAI kI mohara deM to vaha satya nahIM-aisA mAnane vAlA usa kAla kA digaMbara saMpradAya hogA--aisA mAnane ko hamArA mana to taiyAra

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( 68 ) nhiiN| isake samarthana meM koI ullekha bhI nahIM hai / Aja kA digaMbara samAja jisa kisI kAraNa se zvetAmbarasammata AgamoM ko na mAnatA ho usakI khoja karanA jarUrI hai kintu usakA kAraNa yaha to nahIM ho sakatA ki cUMki aMga sArvajanika ho gaye the ataeva ve digaMbara samAja meM mAnya nahIM rhe| ataeva paMDitajI kA yaha likhanA ki "usane isa viSaya meM jana-jana kI smRti ko pramANa nahIM mAnA" nirAdhAra hai, korI kalpanA hai| Akhira jinake lie paMDitajI ne 'jana-jana' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai ve kauna the ? kyA unhoMne apane gurupoM se maMgajJAna liyA hI nahIM thA ? apanI kalpanA se hI aMgoM kA saMkalana kara diyA thA ? hamArA to vizvAsa hai ki jinako paMDitajI ne 'jana-jana' kahA hai ve kisI prAcArya ke ziSya hI the aura unhoMne apane prAcArya se sIkhA huA zruta hI vahAM upasthita kiyA thaa| isIlie to kahA gayA hai ki jisako jitanA yAda thA usane utanA vahA~ upasthita kiyaa|