Tattva Sangraha Vol 2

Author(s): Kamlashila, Ganganatha Jha
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

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TATTVASANGRAHA: CHAPTER XIX.
What is meant is as follows -The characteristic of Valid Knowledge is that it should be in conformity with the real state of things; and this is not present at all in any of the others that have been postulated; every case whore this characteristic is present, is included in the said two, and hence the others have not been described separately.-(1488)
The Author now proceeds to show how the other so-called 'Means or Forms of Knowledge' are not real Means or Forms of Knowledge or how, if they are real Means or Forms of Cognition, they are included under the two postulated by the Buddhist.
The additional Means or Forms of Knowledge posited by others are the following :-(1) Verbal Cognition, (2) Analogical Cognition, (3) Presumption, (4) Negation, (5) Ratiocinative Cognition, (0) Non-apprehension, (7) Probability. (8) Tradition and (9) Intuition.
As regards Verbal Cognition, the Author says as follows:
TEXTS (1489-1491).
OTHER PEOPLE HAVE DECLARED VERBAL COGNITION TO BE "THAT
KNOWLEDGE OF IMPERCEPTIBLE THINGS WHICH IS DERIVED FROM WORDS " AND THEY PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING ACCOUNT OF IT], -"THAT COGNITION IS DERIVED FROM (a) THE ETERNAL SENTENCE AND FROM (6) THE SENTENCE UTTERED BY A TRUSTWORTHY PERSON THIS CANNOT BE SENSE-PERCEPTION', BECAUSE THE OBJECT APPREHENDED BY IT IS BEYOND THE BEACH OF THE SENSES ;-NOR CAN IT BE'INFERENCE', BECAUSE IT IS DEVOID OF THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF INFERENCE ;-UNTIL THE SUBJECT (MINOR TERM) IS DEFINITELY KNOWN TO BE POSSESSED OF THE PROBANDUM AND ALSO OF THE PROBANS, IT CANNOT BE REGARDED AS A CASE OF INFERENCE OF THAT SUBJECT.-(1489–1491)
COMMENTARY.
Shabara-svůmin (in his Mimāmsa-bhâsya on 1. 1. 5) has provided the following definition of Verbal Cognition "That cognition of things not within reach of the senses which proceeds from the cognition of words is called Verbal", which means that the Specific Individuality of the we having been apprehended, the cognition that follows after that, in regard to things beyond the reach of the Senses, is called Verbal Cognition, because it is derived from words.
* This Verbal Cognition is of two kinds-(1) Proceeding from words not emanating from human beings, and (2) Proceeding from the words of trust. worthy persons. This cognition is different from Sense-perception, because the object apprehended by it is beyond the reach of the senses.-Nor is it Inference; as it is devoid of the three features'. For instance, the object of Inferential Cognition is the Subject (Minor Term) which is qualified by the character that is sought to be proved (i.e. the Probandum),-not merely