Studies in the Bhagavati Sutra

Author(s): J C Sikdar
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur

Page 158

Sec. IX] studies in THE BHAGAWATÍ SUTRA 133 grateful, devoted and loyal ally in order to maintain a balance of power,
It is clear from the above evidences that the inter-state relation as reflected in the Bhs was based on the systematic principles of foreign policy. It is revealed here that a state should avoid war as far as possible and try to achieve its objectives in peaceful way by applying any one of the first three means, viz. conciliation, gift and dissension through a diplomatic channel by sending its ambassador.
On the failure of these expedients it may resort to war, the last means to determine the external relation in order to attain its desired objectives.
In times of peace a state must keep a vigilent eye over the activities of its neighbours, neutrals, enemies and ambitious rulers desirous of conquest. On the other hand it should maintain a balance of power by establishing friendly relations with other states and try to secure firm, grateful and loyal allies who will follow it in war and peace with unshaken devotion.
Inter-state relations as reyealed here are also elaborately discussed by the Manu-Smrti and the Arthaśāstra on almost similar lines in a systematic manner.
NINTH SECTION
Gaņa Polity as revealed in the Bhagavati Sūtra
The study of the political conditions as reflected in the BIS has clearly shown that two forces of political doctrine, viz. Monarchism and Republicanism, had been operating side by side during the time of Lord Mahāvīra, but ultimately they came into conflict which resulted in the defeat of the latter.
In connection with the two great wars called Mahasilakantaka Sangrāma and Rathamusala Sangrāma between Magadha and Vaisāli, the Bhs refers to the confederacy of nine Mallakis and nine Licchavis, Kāść, Košala and their eighteen