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Sec. I] STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATI SUTRA
559 and Addhāsamaya (time).' But at the same place of the Bhs Arūpī. Ajīvadravya is also divided into five kinds, viz. Dharmāstikāya, Dharmāstikāya-pradeša (element of the principle of motion), Adharmāstikāya, Adharmāstikāya-pradesa (element of the principle of rest) and Addhāsamaya.” Here Akāśāstikāya is omitted.
This canonical work makes a study of the relation between living and non-living substances. The former receives the latter from all sides and effects the formation of the gross physical, transformation - and translocation-bodies and all the five sense organs, three activities (mental, vocal and bodily) and inhaling and exhalings Conception of the Universe
The Universe is conceived of as comprising Pancastikāyas (five extensive substances), viz. Dharmāstikaya, Adharmāstikāya, Ākāśāstikāya, Jivāstikāya, and Pudgalāstikāya."
But on the basis of the divisions of Dravya it is explained in one place of the Bhs that there are six fundamental substances in the Universe, called Sarva dravyas, i.e. Postive Realities characterized by attributes and modes (guna and paryāya), viz. Dharmastikāya, Adharmāstikāya, A kāśāstikāya, Jivāstikāya, Pudgalāstikāya, and Addhāsamaya. The last substance-Addhāsamaya, appears also in other places as a distinct eternal real substance. So far as conception of the Universe as comprising five extensive substances is concerned, time is not included in it as the sixth substance, because it does not form one organic extension.
Nature of these six fundamental substances
The BKS throws an important light upon the nature of all these six fundamental substances of the Universe by explaining them from different aspects. It is expounded that Dharmāstikāya? and Adharmāstikāya are single substances from the point of view of Dravya, equal to the extent of the Universe inhabited portion) 1 Bhs, 2, 10, 121.
$ 16, 25, 2, 721. 4 Ib, 2, 10, 118; 7, 10, 305; 13, 4, 481. 6 I, 13, 4, 482-483.
o 1b, 11, 11, 424, 16, 2, 10, 118-119.
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