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596 STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATİ SÜTRA [Ch. X Renunciation
Act of renunciation in respect of all beings is the most important factor in the moral conduct which should be practised by one, having complete knowledge about beings and non-beings.
The study of all these evidences furnished by the BhS reveals that the unrighteous acts produce bad effects in the long run by grinding slow and cutting and disintegrating the very roots of life which is engulfed and overtaken by the disastrous evil consequences of bad actions. So this canonical text puts a great emphasis on the observance of the five great vows which constitute the very core of morality and the ideal of renunciation which leads to the path of asceticism, attainment of spiritual liberation. ultimate peace and happiness-the aim of human life.
FIFTH SECTION Jain Logic as found in the Bhagavati Sūtra Logic is the formal and scientific exposition of a system of thought evolved out of formulation of thought going on for some time; when it is formulated, it governs the future thought, Religion, Philosophy, Psychology, Epistemology and Ethics. Apart from this position in relation to different branches of knowledge it appears as an independent study later on.
Besides Jain Logic, there are traditions of other Indian systems of Logic, viz. Nyāya, Vaišesika, Sänkhya, Mimāṁsā and Vedānta. The BKS throws some light upon Jain Logic.
The word 'pamāņa” (Skt. 'pramāņa") used in this canonical work stands for the system by which the validity of any kind of knowledge is determined, as it is explained by the Anuyogadvära— "Nanagunappamāņo': This pramāna is divided into four kinds, viz. pratyaksa (direct perception), anumana (inference) upamāna or aupamya (analogy) and āgama (scripture or authority)."
i Bhs, 7, 2, 271 ff, 3 Anuyogadvāra Sutra, S. 144.
16, 5. 4, 193. 4 Bhs, 5, 4, 193,
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