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572
STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATİ SŪTRA
(Ch. X
gates of atoms of all categories, immersed in one to innumerable points of space of the Universe are infinite in number. Matter and Soul
It is explained in the Bhs that souls and matters exist in the Universe, being mutually bound, touched, immersed and tied to each other by attachment (or oiliness) and getting mixed (or immersed) like a jar and water or a sunken boat and water of a lake."
Addhāsamaya (Time)
Addhāsamaya is an eternal fundamental formless non-living independent substance,but it is devoid of organic extension. In the Sthānanga Sūtra time is called living or non-living substance according as it is the determination of a living or non-living substance. “Samayāti vā āvaliyāti vā jīvā ya ajīvā ti ya
pavuccati."4
It appears from the BhS that there were two traditions, running side by side to regard and not to regard time as an independent real-substance of the Universe, because the Universe is characterized in one place 'Pañcâstilāyaloku.''
The occurrence of the Sūtra ‘Kālasca' or Kālascetyeke, etc. after the Sūtra 'Guņaparyayavad-dravyam' in the Tattvārtha Sūtra indicates that time was not first accepted as a separate real substance of the Universe, but latter on it was admitted to the category of the fundamental substances with the evolution of the philosophical thought.
Kundakunda®, while accepting Paricāstikāya-loka regards time as one of the six real substances. According to Gunaratnao
1 Bhs, 25, 4, 740.
3 Ib, 1, 6, 55. 8 16, 2, 10, 21; 11, 11, 425; 13, 4, 482-83.
Also see Pannavaņā, 1 and Uttarādhyayana Sūtra, 28-10. 4 Sthānānga Sútra, 95, 6 Bhs, 13, 4, 481 ; Uttaradhyayana Sūtra, 28-7. 6 Tattvārtha Sutra, 5, 38. * 16, 5, 37. 8 Samayasāra, Kundakunda, . Şaddarśana Samuccaya, p. 163-3, of Guğaratna, Haribhadra's
Comm. Vide, Introduction to Indian Philosophy, Datta & Chatterjee,
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