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STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATI SUTRA [Ch. IX Buddhist works as a city sanctified by the sacred visits of Lord Mahāvīra and Lord Buddha. It is here in the Sankhavana Caitya Lord Mahāvīra converted Pudgala, a Parivrājaka to Sramana Dharma. It is said that this city was also visited by Gośāla Mankhaliputra in one of his former births."
It is identical with Alavi of the Buddhist Records which lay between Sävatthi and Rajugrha, thirty Yojana: from Srävasti and twelve Yojanas from Benaras. It has been identified by Cunningham and V. Smith with the Ghazipura regions, U. P. Campā
Campā was the capital city of Anga which was ruled over by king Kūņika as already pointed out in connection with the identification of Anya. It is also referred to in other Jain texts, Buddhist and Brāhmaṇical' works, and Chinese Records as an important city having its political, social, economic, religious and cultural history. Campā was intimately associated with the development of Jainism and Buddhism. It was so celebrated in ancient India that its name was attributed by the Indian colonists in Cochin-China to one of their important colonies." The city has been identified by Cunningham" with two villages, viz.Campānagara and Campā pura in the neighbourhood of Bhagalpur in Bihar. Hastinäpura 13
Hastināpura was the capital city of king Šiva, the royal sage who was converted by Lord Mahāvīra to Sramaņa Dharma
Sutta Nipāta; The Book of Kindred Sayings Vol. 1 p. 275,
Ch. XI. 17 etc. : Bh8, 15, 1, 556. 8 Watters op Yuan Chwang II. pp. 61. 340. 4 Bh8, 5, 1, 176; 5, 10, 222. 6 Pannavana, 37 ; Nayadhammakahão, 8. p. 92 ff. & Jataka, 506. ? Mahābhārata, 111, 84, 163; 307 26, Dasakumāracarita II. 2. 8 Watters on Yuan Chwang, II. 181. 9 Avaśyaka Niryukti, 307, 383 (It was the birth place of
Vāsupujja, the 12th Tirthankara, and the place of his Nirvana. 10 Dialogues of the Buddha, 1, 144. 11 I-tsing's travels, p. 58; Vide, Buddhist India, p. 21: Rhys Davids. 19 Geography of Early Buddhism, London, 1932. 18 Bhs, 11, 9, 417; 11, 11, 428 ; 16, 5, 577,
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