Studies in the Bhagavati Sutra

Author(s): J C Sikdar
Publisher: Research Institute of Prakrit Jainology & Ahimsa Mujjaffarpur

Page 391

366
STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATÍ SÚTRA
VI
Pramānakāla is subdivided into two classes, viz. Divasapramānakāla and Rātripramānakāla. The day of four praharas becomes the night of four praharas. "Cauporisie divase cauporisiyā rāi bhavati".! Addhakāla is determined by the travelling of the sun and it is divided into many units of time, the smallest indivisible part of which is Samaya; Avalikā' is the next unit of time which is formed of ihe union of innumerable Samayas ; numerable Avalikās become one Ucchvāsa-kāla and one Nihávāsa. kāla respectively, one Ucchvāsa-Nihávāsa (inhale and exhale) of one young, healthy, stout and diseaseless animal is called one Prāņa ; seven Prānas make one stoka ; seven stokas constitute one Lava ; seventy-seven Lavas are stated to form one Muhurta which is equal to forty-eight minutes and there are three thousand seven hundred and seventy-three Ucchvāsus in one Muhūrta as found by all men possessed of infinite knowledge.
By this unit of measurement of Muhūrta, one day and one night are formed of thirty Muhūrtas ; fifteen days and nights make one Pakşa (fort-night), two Pakşas-one Māsa (month); two Māsas (2 months)-one Rtu (season), three Rtus (seasons)one Ayana ; two Ayanas-one Samvatsara (year); five Sarmvatsaras (years)-one Yuga (age); twenty Yugas-one Varşakata (century); ten hundred years (ten Centuries)-one Varşasahasra (one thousand years); hundred thousand years-one lakh years ; eighty-four lakhs of years-one Pürvānga; and eight lakhs of Pūrvangas form one Pūrva."
By this order of the measurement of Purva, Truţitānga, Truţita, Ațatānga, Ataţa; Apapānga, A papa (Avava); Hūhūyanga, Hūhūya; Utpalanga, Utpala; Padmānga, Pudma ; Nalinānga, Nalina ; Acchanikurānga (Arthanupurānga), Acchanikura (Arthanu. pura); Ayutānga, Ayuta ; Prayutānga, Prayuta ; Nayutānga, Nayuta ; Cūlikānga, Cūlikā; Sīrşaprahelikānga and Sīrşaprahelikā are counted. This is the measurement of time by the process of the mathematical calculation. After this there is another method of measuring time, viz. Aupamika (measurement by comparison or analogy). i Bhs, 11, 11, 424.
? Ib, 11, 11, 426. 3 Ib, 6, 7, 247; 11, 11, 426.