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STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATI SUTRA
Ch. VII
vocal and physical acts and (4) Suminucchinna-riya.aprāpti pati (meditation having completely cut off all ties of action by the self-controlled activities of mind, speech, and body).
Sukladhyāna is endowed with four characteristics, viz. kşānti (forgiveness), mukti (non-attachment), ārjara (straightforwardness or simplicity), and mārdava (freedom from pride), and it has also four alambanas (objects of meditation), viz, avyatha (freedom from fear), asammoha (110n-delusion), viveka (distinction between soul and body) and vyutsarga (renunciation of body).
In addition to these, there are also four anupreksās (deliberations), viz. (1) anantavrttitānu preksa, (2) vipariņāmānu preksā, (3) aśubhānu preksā and (4) apāyānupreksā, i.e. deliberations (i) on the eternity of worldly existence, (ii) on the incessant transformation of things, (iii) on inauspiciousness of the world and (iv) on the evils of violence and the like.
Vyutsarga' (complete renunciation)
It is divided into two categories, viz. Dravya-vyutsarga (renunciation of physical objects), etc., and Bhāvaryutsarga (renunciation of mental states and objects). They are subdivided into different groups according to different objects of renunciation. Dravyavyutsarga is stated to be of four kinds, viz. renunciation of Gana (society), of body, of articles, and of food and drink. While Bhāvavyutsarga is classified into three divisions, viz. renunciation of four passions (anger upto greed), of the four forms of life (human, hellish, divine and brutal), and of eight karma-prakrtis (knowledge obscuring larma upto energy. hindering karma).
THIRD SECTION Religious rules for the Šramaņa-Nirgrantha Monks and Nuns
The BhS lays down some rules for the Nirgrantha monks and nuns to be observed by them in their daily life.
1. BhS, 25, 7, 803.
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