________________
Sec. VIII] STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATI SŪTŘÅ 453 attaining heaven. "Tanuam udaeņa ya mațțiãe pakkhāliyam sui bhavati."
They observed the rules of not using any kind of conveyances in travelling, such as, cart or a litter, etc., nonentering a lake or a river for bathing, nor riding on a horse or an elephant, nor visiting (i.e. attending) the dancing performance or that of a bard, etc.
Vānaprastha Tāpasas (Forest recluses)
As already mentioned in the second section of the fourth chapter in connection with the topic 'third stage of life,' a large number of Vānaprastha-tā pasas (forest recluses) lived in the society of the Bhs by practising different kinds of austerities on the bank of the Ganges. They are as follows:
(1) Hottiyā (Agnihotrikas = offerers of fire-sacrifice), (2) Kottiyā (Bhūmiśāyikas = who slept on the ground), (3) Pottiya (Vastradhāriņaḥ=wearers of clothes), (4) Jannaî (Yajña-yajinaḥ= performers of sacrifice), (5) Saddhaž (Sraddhāka=Devotional class of ascetics), (6) Thalał (Grhitabhānda=carriers of all their belongings), (7) Humva-uțţia (Kundika-Śramaņādi = those who carried, a vessel with them), (8) Dantukkhaliyā(Phalabhojinaḥ= fruit eaters using teeth as mortar), (9) Ummajjakā (Unmajjakā= They bathed by only a dip into water), (10) Sammajjaka (They bathed without dipping into water), (11) Nimmajjakā (They remained in the water only for a short while), (12) Sar pakkhālā (They rubbed and cleansed their bodies with mud), (13) Dāhinakülaka (They dwelt only on the south bank of the Ganges), (14) Uttarakülakā (They dwelt only on the north bank of it), (15) Samkhadhamakā (They used to take their meals after blowing a conch-shell to keep the people away), (16) Küladhamaka (They blew a conch.shell on the river bank to keep the people away at the time of taking their meal), (17) Mrgalubdhakā (They killed
| Bhs, 11, 9, 417 ff. 2 The Rāmāyana also refers to the Dantilulhalim and Unmaj
jaka hermits III, 6.3 ; see also Digh. Com. Vol. 1- p. 270.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
