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Sec. VII] STUDIES IN THE BHAGAWATI SŪTRA 247 string and used to cover the part from the waist down to the ankles).
Their upper garments consisted of the following, viz. kañcula (jacket), ukkacchi (au palcaksiki, like kancuka, square in shape on the right side), vegacchiyā (vaikaksiki, like the au pakaksiki but knotted on the right shoulders), four sanghāļīs, the first one was to be put on in the cloister (pratiśraya), the second and the third ones outside the residence and the fourth one for attending the religious congregation (samavasarana;'.
Besides these upper garments, the nuns used to wear kandhakarani (Wrapper-like cloth) together with the au pakaksikī and vaikaksikia to cover the shoulder and the body and to protect themselves from the blow of strong wind.
Shoes
According to the Byhatkalpa Bhāsya the Jaina monks were allowed to put on shoes under special circumstances, such as, tours, diseases, tenderness of feet of some monks, fear of wild animals, etc.'
There are references to different types of shoes used by the Jaina monks such as Taliya shoes (for night journey), egapuda (single-soled shoes, four soled shoes, pudaga or kchallaku" (winter shoes) to cover foot-sore (vivacci), vāgurā (to cover the ties and feet), kosagas (for protecting nails), etc. Ornaments
The BhS reveals that both the men and women belonging to the upper stratum of the society as known to it, used to adorn
1 The īcārānga (11, 5, 1, 364) refers to four Sanghātis. ? Bihatkalpa Bhāsya, 3,4082-91 & com. See also Ācā. 11,5,1,364. 8,4 16, 3,3862. 5 See Mahāvagga V, 2, 3 where the Khallakabandha and other
types of shoes are mentioned, Refer to Dr. Motichand's article in the Journal of the Indian society of the Oriental Art' Vol. XII. 1944. Dr. J. C. Jain thinks-"Perhaps it is the same as the Iranian käfis, and kāpis-kipis of Central Asia" (Life in Ancient India, p. 133 f.n. 120).
the "Jou14. Dr.kāfis, 1133
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