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Space motion and rest, in sum, the world of ours. Etymologically, the word Loka may be derived in three ways, which are thus pointed out by the author of the Tattvārtha-rājavārtika:(१) पुष्पपापयोः कर्मणोः फलं सुखदुःखलक्षणं यत्रालोक्यते स लोकः ।
773AT? STEHTI Loka is that in which happiness and misery are experi
enced as effects of virtuous and vicious deeds. What is it? The soul. (3) Tifa T TTTTeffalfa 159:1 Loka is that which sees or gets the objects.
सर्वज्ञेनानन्ताप्रतिहतकेवलदर्शनेन लोकयते यः स लोकः । (3) Loka is the region which is perceived by the omniscient. It is said that although the first two derivations point to the observing subject only as the Loka-by implication it refers to the principles of motion, rest etc. The third derivation makes the word Loka include all substances, Dharma, Adharma etc. which are seen by the omniscient. Some object to the third meaning by saying that although the substances, Dharma etc., are included in the Loka, as objects of an omniscient's apprehension, it excludes the observing subject. This objection is groundless. The observing subject is essentially self-conscious and consciousness of outside objects is impossible without self-consciousness; so that when it is said that Loka includes all substances which are seen by the omniscient, it does not exclude the observing subject. Thus the third derivation of the word, Loka, also is quite consistent with the saying in the Jaina scripture:
षड्द्रव्यसमूहो लोकः Loka is inclusive of the six substances viz:--Soul, Matter,
the two Principles of Motion and Rest, the Principle
of Mutation and Space. Another objection to the third derivation is that since void space also is within the range of the omniscient's vision, this definition would include Aloka within the Loka. The
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