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Reals in the Jaina Metaphysics
and the same time is impossible on the ground that in that case there would arise in the soul, such contradictory feelings. as Pleasure and Pain, which cannot be possible, the answer is that, that line of argument is faulty in as much as it would show that varied sounds of musical instruments would not be possible in the sky at one and the same time. It may be said that the sounds of the musical instruments although different from each other, are possible in one and the same Sky, because the cause of one sound is different from the cause of another. But the answer to this is that the cause of one psychical phenomena (e.g. pleasure or pain) is different from the cause of another, so that contradictory psychical phenomena may be simultaneously possible in the allpervasive soul and the one all-pervasive soul may simultaneously come in contact with varied Bodies etc. If the Nyāyathinker contend that the variedness in the psychical series points to the multiplicity of souls, the Jaina urges that the same line of argument would point to the multiplicity of Skies. If it be held that the sky is one although it gives space to many objects, it may similarly be said that the all-pervasive soul is but one and that the various bodies etc. touch only its different parts. The Naiyāyika says that the varied. phenomena e.g. one man is dying, another is being born, a third is actively engaged etc. etc. show that the souls are many. The Jaina's contend that if you maintain the doctrine of the all-pervasive soul, the mutually opposed phenomena of death, birth and so on, may prove the one-ness of the soul as well. One piece of sky is being generated in one pitcher when another piece of sky is being destroyed in another pitcher and a third piece of sky continues to exist; just as these phenomena do not prove the multiplicity of the sky, the phenomena of birth, death etc. need not prove the multiplicity of the souls; these are possible even if the soul be one. If it be contended that the Bondage and the Emancipation of the soul would be impossible without the multiplicity of the souls on the ground that in one and the same thing mutually contradictory phenomena are not simultaneously possible, the answer is that a similar line
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