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driya'. Touch, Taste, Odour, Colour and Sound are the objects of the five sense-organs respectively. The object of the Mind is scriptural knowledge. Besides this, Mind is an assistant to the senses. The philosophers of the Vaiseșika, the Nyāya, the Mimāṁsā and the Sāmkhya schools maintain that the perceptions of objects take place when the senseorgans come in contact with those objects; according to them, all the five sense-organs are thus "Prāpyakāri” or *capable of coming in contact with objects". The Buddhist thinkers contend, on the contrary, that the organs of vision and hearing cannot be Prāpyakāri. The Jaina theory, however, is that all the sense-organs save and except the Eyes are capable of coming in contact with their objects. Mānasa-Jõāna or Mental perception arises without the Mind coming in contact with the external objects.
The one-sensed Soul has the organ of touch only, the twosensed animal can touch and taste; the three-sensed creature is possessed of the powers of touching, tasting and smelling; a four-sensed soul's organs are those of touch, taste, smell, and vision; the mindless five-sensed animal has the organ of hearing in addition to the above four sense-organs; the minded five-sensed soul is possessed of the five sense-organs and the mind.
The one-sensed Animals are immobile and are divided into two kinds viz:- The Bādara (i.e. Gross) and Sūkşma (i.e. minute). Besides this division, the one-sensed souls have another division which groups them into five classes viz:-Pșthivi-kāya (earth-bodied), Jala-kāya (water-bodied), Agni-kāya (fire-bodied), Vāyu-kāya (air-bodied) and Vanaspati (vegetable). The philosophers of the Jaina schools recognise thirty-six kinds of hard earth; the hard earthbodied animals are accordingly of the following thirtysix modes :-(1) Một, (2) Vālukā, (3) Sarkarā, (4) Upala, (5) Silā, (6) Lavaņa, (7) Lauha, (8) Tāmra, (9) Trapu, (10) Sisaka, (11) Raupya, (12) Suvarna, (13) Vajra, (14) Haritāla, (15) Hingula, (16) Manah-silā, (17) Tuttha, (18) Añjana, (19) Pravāla, (20) Kșrolaka, (21) Abhraka, (22) Gomeda, (23) Ruçakamka, (24) Sphatika, (25) Lohitaprabha,
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