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Matter
in all, while the theistic systems with one or two exceptions made the activities of the Creator strictly conform to and not transgress the limits set by it.
179
SAMSARA, ACCORDING TO BUDDHA
Cessation of Karma leads to the final liberation but so long as there is Karma or any trace of it, Samsara or the flow of reincarnations is inevitable. Buddha said:
"Ajñāna (ignorance) begets Samskara (tendency); this leads to Vijñāna (apprehension); from it, emerge Nāma (name) and Bhautika Deha (material body); from them come the Sat-kṣetra (six spheres or centres); these generate Indriya (the senses) and Visaya (the objects); from the contact of the senses with their objects, there arises the Vedana (affection); Vedana leads to Tṛṣṇā (longing to get); this, to Upādāna (appropriation); this, to Bhāva (being); this to Janma (birth); this to Vardhakya (old age), Marana (death), Duḥkha (pain), Anusoçanã (remorse), Yatanā (misery), Udvega (anxiety) and Nairasya (despair). Thus flourishes the kingdom of
Pain".
From the above, it will appear that incentive to Karma or spring of action consists primarily in a contact of the conscious flow with any object of the senses. This contact generates Vedanā i.e a tendency or leaning towards it which in its turn leads to Tṛṣṇā or a thirst for the object. This longing for getting the thing makes us work for its appropriation and our life or being consists in such series of efforts; these life's efforts leave their traces which make man re-incarnate himself after death.
SPRINGS OF ACTIONS ACCORDING TO THE NYAYA
The view of the Vedic school of thinkers as represented by the author of the Nyaya Sutra's is scarcely less elaborate. An analysis of 1.1.2, Nyaya Sutra shows that Mithyājñāna leads to Doșa, Doșa to Pravṛtti and Pravṛtti to Janma. Mithyājñāna or false knowledge consists in falsely identifying one's self with what it is not e.g. with one's Sarira or
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