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Reals in the faina Metaphysics Combination: Combination is of two kinds. These are respectively the Prāyogika i.e. caused by the effort of Jīva or Soul and the Vaisrasika i.e. not caused by the effort of Jiva (Soul). The former is of two kinds viz. the combination of two unconscious substances and the combination of living substance with non-living substance. The latter, the Jivājiva Vişaya-bandha is either due to Karma or to NoKarma. The Bandha due to Karma is of eight modes in accordance with the eight kinds of Karma. Combination due to No-Karma is of five forms viz:--the Ālapana (e.g. the tying of a chain to a cart), the Ālepana (e.g. painting a wall), the Samśleșa (e.g. joining, two pieces of wood, as the carpenter does), the Sarīra (e.g. the union of limbs in a body) and the Sarīri (e.g. the union of two different bodies). The Vaisrasika Bandha may be either beginningless as in the case of the parts of Akāśa, Dharma and Adharma which are attached to one another or may have a beginning as in the case of the union of colours in a rainbow.
Minute, Gross, Shape, Separation, Heat and Lustre : As has been pointed out before, these are also modifications of matter according to the Jaina's. Of these, Shape or Samsthāna is of two forms in as much as it may be stable and definable e.g. the shape of a triangular or a circular thing or it may be unstable as the shape of cloud. Bheda or separation may be of six kinds viz:-(1) Utkāra (separation by sawing), (2) Çūrņa (separation by grinding), (3) Khanda (separation by breaking into parts), (4) Çūrņika (separation by winnowing etc.), (5) Pratara (separation by cutting into slices) and (6) Aņuçātana (separation as in the case of sparks, flying from a mass of burning iron). Heat or Ātapa is that caused by such things as sun's rays etc. while Lustre or Udyota is light without heat as in the case of the moon's rays. Sūkşma or minute and Sthūla or gross are relative terms. Atoms are the last limits to minuteness. Hence minuteness is either Antya or terminal as in the case of atoms or Āpekşika or relative. In the case of grossness also, we have the Antya or terminal which is attributed to the cosmic system
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