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Time
93 Newton immutable. This is the Jaina view also. In modern times, Bergson is well known for his theory that Time is a real factor in evolution. Among the systems of orthodox Indian philosophy, the Vaiseșika was conspicuous for its open recognition of Kāla as a reality. “The reality of time" says Kaņāda “is inferred from the observation of phenomena as successive, simultaneous, of long duration or of short. Its susbstantiality and eternality are established in the same way as those of Air”. (Vaiseșika Sūtra, 2.2.6.-8) Plato's THEORY OF TIME
Plato admits the objective reality of Time, but contends that it was created by the great Demiurge or the architect of the universe. This theory of the creation of Time by God involves the difficulties of all creation theories. Why should the Demiurge create Time at all? Plato's answer is unintelligible; he resorts to meaningless metaphors. He says that Time is “a moving image of eternity", introduced into the world to add to its perfection in order that the world may resemble the eternal nature of the Gods as much as possible. In the Middle Ages, St. Augustine enquired into the nature of Time and at places he seems to have maintained that Time considered in itself is nothing; it has a seeming reality only; the distinctions of past, present and uture are not grounded in facts. What we presently attend to, is the present; what we presently recollect is a thing of the past and what we presently expect is in future. Present, past and future times are thus creations of our mind, being creatures respectively of the mental faculties of attention, recollection and expectation. Really, however, all objects of our cognition are present, it is only our faculties which put on them the temporal order of past, present or future. But St. Augustine does not seem to stick to this subjective view of time. For, in many places, he clearly admits that Time is objectively real, although he contends that it is a creation of God. Leibnitz also looks upon Time as a sort of divine thought; but he clearly states that Time is of the nature of "eternal verities”, which is not a mere abstraction
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