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118
Reals in the Jaina Metaphysics
NON-PSYCHICAL
MATTER, MOST IMPORTANT OF THE SUBSTANCES
In a sense, matter is the most important of all the nonpsychical principles, so far as the soul is concerned. The bondage of the psychical substance is caused by its contact with matter and its dissociation from the latter is its emancipation. The other four unconscious substances are absolutely passive principles and as such, have no hand either in the matter of its bondage or its emancipation. The unemancipated soul has its being in Space, is helped by Dharma and Adharma in its motion and rest and by Käla in its various modifications. According to the Jaina's, the emancipated soul also has its being on the Siddha-Silā, a portion of Space after all and the principles of Motion, Rest and Mutation continue to be passively related to it even in its state of emancipation. It is Pudgala which thus determines whether the soul is in bondage or emancipated.
SUBSTANCE, ATTRIBUTES, MODES
A substance in Jaina philosophy has its Guna's or distinguishing Attributes; and it is in continuous Modifications which are called its Paryaya's. The relation between a substance and its attributes and the relation between a substance and its successive modes have always been problems in philosophy. This is not the place to discuss the various attempts on the part of thinkers to solve the problems from time to time. We simply mean to state here that according to the Jaina's, a substance is impossible without its attributes and modes and the attributes and the modes also are impossible without the substance which underlies them.
पज्जय विजुद दव्वं दव्वविजुत्ता य पज्जया णत्थि | १२|
दव्वेण विणा न गुणा गुणेहि दव्वं विणा ण संभवदि । १३ (पञ्चा सिगुकायसंग्रह)
ATTRIBUTES OF MATTER
The attributes of matter are touch, taste, smell and colour स्पर्श-रस-गन्ध-वर्णवन्तः पुद्मलाः : as the author of the
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