New Dimensions in Jaina Logic

Author(s): Mahaprajna Acharya, Nathmal Tatia
Publisher: Today and Tommorrow Printers and Publishers

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Jaina Logic of Philosophical Period
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considered this problem from a number of standpoints. 34 Violence is dependent on passions and absence of vigilance (pramada) which are the determinants of violence. If there is no pramada, there is no violence.35
Question 7. Is truth dependent on a particular standpoint? If so, such truth cannot be universal.
Answer. There is no real contradiction between the natural modes of a substance that appear as mutually opposed. This absence of contradiction needs for its proof the assistance of relativity which is also in requisition for the explanation of the relative modes and manifold relations that make up a substance. The substance as well as the modes are equally true. The substance is fundamentally independent and absolute, but its modes and relations are not so.. The determination of the independent and absolute is made from a standpoint which is independent, while the relative truth is understood from the standpoint of relativity From the view-point of existence truth is universal, but from the view-point of modes it cannot but be determinate and dependent.
Question 8. If the mind, language, speech and such other tools of a person disappear in the state of extra-sensory perception, how can he remember that state when he returns to the normal state of existence through ordinary instruments of experience? Memory is possible only if the normal mind is allowed to function in some way or other in the state of E.S P.
Answer. The state of E.S.P. is the state of knowing, and not a state of willing or volition. Speech is the volitional aspect of life. The mind bears the responsibility of both-the aspect of knowing and the aspect of willing. While the mind physical is concerned with volition, the mind spiritual is concerned with knowledge. The physical activities of the omniscient (highest E.S.P.) are carried out through both-mind and speech. The omniscient has no mind as medium of knowledge. In the scripture the omniscient has been said to be no-samanaska (not possessed of mind) and no-amanaska (not possessed of non-possession of mind). In the case of ordinary E.S.P. (i.e. E.S.P. other than omniscience) there exists the mind at the time of knowing though its function is not requisitioned at that time.
It has been said that at the time of E.S.P. mind, speech and