New Dimensions in Jaina Logic

Author(s): Mahaprajna Acharya, Nathmal Tatia
Publisher: Today and Tommorrow Printers and Publishers

Page 134

126 New Dimensions in Jaina Logic
4. Adhikaraṇa-Location.
5. Sthiti-Duration.
6. Vidhana-Division or classification.
7. Sat-Reality or existence.
8. Samkhya-Enumeration of number or the ascertainment of
the basis of quantitative difference or division of classes.
9. Kṣetra-Present abode.
10. Sparśana-Spatial extention.
11. Kala-Time-limit.
12. Antara-Interval between two states or modes.
13. Bhāva-Kinds of transformation.
14. Alpa-bahutva-Numerical difference as less or more.
'Number' occupies the eighth position among, the above fourteen heads. It is through number that the quantity of a category is measured. It is thus obviously an important factor of exposition of categories.
In the Uttaradhyayana Sūtra the following six aspects of a mode have been distinguished1
1. Ekatva-Identity or similarity.
2. Pṛthaktva-Distinction or dissimilarity.
3. Samkhya-Number one, two etc. in popular transaction.
4. Samsthāna-Configuration or shape.
5. Samyoga-External conjuction of two entities.
6. Vibhaga-Disjunction or separation of two entities.
A substance is a compendium of qualities and modes. The qualities are inherent in it and do not need anything else for their substance, which are known relatively with reference to others. Little or more, high or low, far or near, two or three-all these modes are known with reference to what is other than themselves and so they are dependent on their relationship with co-related facts.
Number is a relativistic mode of the substance, which is not dependent on the knowledge of the knower. Whatever is independent of the knowledge of the knower is not made on account of being known by some person, nor does it cease to exist being not known. John Locke has recognised two kinds of qualitiesprimary and secondary. The primary qualities are the real attributes of the substance. The secondary qualities are not so, being only subjective impressions in the soul. The solidity, exten