New Dimensions in Jaina Logic

Author(s): Mahaprajna Acharya, Nathmal Tatia
Publisher: Today and Tommorrow Printers and Publishers

Page 69

Doctrine of Navas 61
The expressions 'mortal' and 'man' are synonymous, but they represent different modes of the same entity, and as such they do not have an identical referent as explained below: (a) A man is mortal and, therefore, he is represented by the
term 'morial'. The expression 'mortal' expresses the
mortality-aspect of a man. (b) A man is so called because he is the descendant of Manu.
The word has a reference to his descent from a certain person, named Manu.
Similarly in the propositions (a) it is the current of Bhagirathi and (b) it is the current of Haimavati, the expressions 'Bhagirathi and 'Haimavati' refer to the selfsame Ganges, but stress WO different modes that have reference to the origin of the river. The first term refers to the myth of Bhagiratha digging up the bodofile Ganges, whereas the second expression refers to the physicairgin of the Ganges from the Himalayas.
The Viewpoint of Function (evambhūta nya)
In this viewpoint the relationship between the dermatove and the denotatum is further delimited in that the etyinological meaning of the former must be satisfied by the latter A wat in order 10 ks an exact denotative of the sense must hater to the present me: instead of a bygone aspect or an aspect that is to come. In the interest of precision of expression one should use only the word that is indicative of immediately cring mode of the denotartani In the proposition 'a teacher is teaching the student', ihe expression "teacher' has been properly used because he is engaged in the act of teaching at the moment. But in the proposition 'a teacher is takim his lunch', the use of the word 'teacher' is not logically prop because he is taking food instead of doing any koud ot cache the moment.
The Scope of Viewpoints The substance stands for the universal
refer to the particular aspects of a thing. Saba
n es are indeed the basic objects of cognition. In
liewpoints have been conceived on the basis of the
areal (a) The cognition or the experience stosice e' the univer
sal of a thing is the source of it is known as the subsiantial
viewpoint (dravyärthika nayu) (b) The mode or the particular in a thing is responsible for what is
called the moslal viewpoint (paryayarthika naya).