Jaina Ontology

Author(s): K K Dixit
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 56

(4) jiva (5) pudgala
THE AGE OF AGAMAS
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(6) addhasamaya
(7) dharma in its capacity as so many pradesas
(8) adharma
(9) ākāśa
(10) jiva
(11) pulgala (12) addhasamaya
(1) sarvajiva (sarva=all) (2) sarvapudgala
(3) sarva-addhasamaya
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In this connection it was
maintained that the items (1), (2) and (3) are unitary, (7) and (8) are asankhyāta, (4) is ananta times (7)-(8), 10 is asankhyāta times (4), (5) is anania times (10), (11) is asankhyāta times (5), (6) and (12) are ananta times (11), (9) is ananta times (6) and (12). It is obvious that so many suppositions have been made here but one of them deserves comment. The later Jaina theoreticians invariably treat ananta as a definite number and so it can be understood why the number of jivas or that of ākāśa pradeśas should be ananta. But then it becomes difficult to see how addhasamaya can consist of ananta units. For addhasamaya must consist of unending units, that is, of units that can be called ananta only in a non-technical sense. To make matter still more difficult of comprehension ākāśa pradeśas are supposed to be ananta times the number of addha. samaya unites; (it would have made some sense if just the opposite was the case). Be that as it may, soon afterwards we are offered the following list of items arranged in the order of numerical strength :
(4) sarvadravya
(5) sarvapradesa
(6) sarva paryāya6 +
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Here (2) is ananta times (1), (3) ananta times (2), (4) a little more than (3), (5) anania times (4), (6) ananta times (5); (here (4) is only a little more than (3) because each addhasamaya is already a dravya so that an addition of even all the remaning dravyas would not make much difference to the number that already characterises addhasamaya). This list is noteworthy because it indicates as to what aspect of the important problem of dravya, pradeśa and paryaya was being emphasised in the times of Prajñāpanā.
(iii) Pudgala
A general information regarding pudgala is offered in the chapters 1st and 13th (viz. Prajñāpanāpada and Pariņāmapada). In the former chapter following are said to be the generic properties of pudgala: 5 colours, 5 tastes, 2 smells, 8 touches and 5 shapes; 65 in the latter chapter the following ones are added: sabda (i. e. speech), bandha (binding), gati (motion), bheda (splitting), agurulaghu (being neither-heavy-nor-light). That speech is made