Jaina Ontology

Author(s): K K Dixit
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 98

THE AGE OF AGAMAS
85
(8) yoni--cum-janma (birth-place and birth) (32-36) (9) śarīra (body) (37-49) (10) veda (sexual behaviour) (50-51) (11) apavartya-, ana pavartya-ayu (life liable to a premature expiry and
life not liable to that) (52) As has already been noted, the first of these questions was new to the age of Umāsvāti but the noteworthly thing about the rest is that they mostly relate to bodily activities.
In the chapter V the material related to pañcāstikāya-cu n-kala was almost all traditional but that related to satsāmānya was almost all new. However, here Umāsvāti's manner of arranging the material leaves something to be desired. This can at once be seen from the summary catalogue of the chapter's problems given above but more can be seen from the following details of this catalogue : I pañcāstikāya- (1) pañcâstikayasā nānya (1-6) cum-kala : (2) pradeśa (7-11)
(3) avagāhanā (size) (12-16) (4) upakara (function ) ( pañcāstikaya-cum-kala )
(17-22) (5) pudgala (23-28) (6) pudgalabandha (formation of physical aggre
gate) (32-36)
(7) kāla (38–39) II satsāmānya:
(1) sat (reality) (29) (2) nityatva (permanence) (30) (3) arpita-anar pita ( relevance and non-relev.
ance) (31) (4) dravya (substance) (37) () guna (quality) (40)
(6) parināma (property) (41-44) Thus we find that certain problems related to satsämānya are taken up in between the problems of pudgala and pudgalabandha, a thoroughly anomalous procedure. Again, the problem of kala is introduced in between two problems related to satsāmānya - and to make matter worse kala had to be somehow taken into consideration already in connection with the problem of u pakāra. However leaving aside these difficulties - which are after all of a formal character -- it can be said that Umäsväti here provides us with a dependable catalogue of the important problems that had been raised in connection with puncāstikāya-cum-kāla and pudgalı. But as for the problems related to salsämanyı Umāsvāti is one of the pioneers to raise them; (this perhaps is one reason why this part of his discussion is so loosely arranged). Thus in three consecutive aphorisms Umāsvāti deals