Jaina Ontology

Author(s): K K Dixit
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 65

JAINA ONTOLOGY
takes into account the classes got by adopting 20 other schemes of classification and these are what the later Svetambara Agamic authors call 20 mārgaṇāsthānas.1 The following are the items occurring in the list of margaṇāsthānas :
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(1) gati (class of animate being) (2) indriya (sense-organ) (3) kaya (body)
(4) yoga (activity)
(5) veda (sexual behaviour)
(6) kaṣāya (certain vices) (7) leśya (mental temperament) (8) samyaktva (faith)
(9) jñāna (determinate cognition) (10) darśana (indeterminate cognition) (11) syṁyama (moral discipline)
(12) upayoga (cognition)
(13) aharaka (undertaking nourishment) (14) bhāṣaka (capable of speaking)
(15) parita (having one body each)
(16) paryāpta (fully developed)
(17) sūkṣma (subtle)
(18) sañjn (possessing higher cognitive capacity)
(19) bhanya (capable of attaining mokṣa)
(20) carama (capable of attaining mokṣa)
12,
(The more famous list of 14 mārgaṇāsthānas excludes the item nos. 14, 15, 16, 17, 20). Of course, Prajñāpana anomalously inserts the item astikaya (rather astikay-cum-kala) in between the 19th and 20th but that has to be ignored-even if the performance is similarly repeated in the chapter 18th (viz. Kayasthitipada). Now in this part of the discussion it is only in connection with the items 1-3 that we come across what might be called the natural classification of the living world; and in this part it is only such a classification that is in place. For in order to grasp the import of the remaining items of the list much secondary information will have to be collected first. It is not unlikely that this part of the discussion is a later interpolation - i. e. an interpolation made after the list of 20 marganasthanas was finally established.
In the chapter 13th (viz. Pariņāma pada) an enumeration of the basic properties of soul has been undertaken and a list of the following ten items has been drawn up in this connection:
(1) gati; (2) indriya (3) kaşaya (4) lesya (5) yoga (6) upayoga (7) jñāna (8) darsana (samyaktva) (9) caritra (samyama) (10) veda 2. Here the 24 classes