Jaina Ontology

Author(s): K K Dixit
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

Page 94

THE AGE OF AGAMAS
certainly 4 anuyogadvaras of very old standing but they as such were never used by the karma-specialists; and basing himself on the four anuyogadvaras (among others) the author of Satkhandagama was compelled to speak not only of the pradesa-, sthiti- and anubhaga- aspects of karmodaya (which were after all taken note of by the karma-specialists) but also of its avagahana aspect (which never attracted the attention of the karma-specialists). The last point to be noted is that three of the present anuyogadvaras, viz. dravya, kala and bhava also contain culikas in which are discussed no problems of karmodaya but those of bhandha qua karana in pradeśa-, sthiti- and anubhaga aspects respectively; (it is not difficult to see why the anuyogadvāra kṣetra to which corresponds the avagahana- aspect contains no corresponding culika).
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Even this most cursory survey of the contents of Satkhaṇḍagama at once raises one question, viz. why did the author choose to write out his text in such an unsystematic form, particularly when the different parts of the text are themselves considerably systematic? The answer seems to be that the different parts of the text were written by different hands at different times and that they were mechanically joined together at some later date. The material contained in the culikas of the section I was the earliest and it was this that formed the basis for the composition of the section III at a later time; in its turn, the section III itself formed the basis for the composition of the section VI at a still later time. In between the time of composing the section III and that of composing the section VI was composed the miscellaneous material on bandha qua karana which now stands there in the form of those culikas to the Vedana part of the section IV; this miscellaneous material formed the basis for the composition of the corresponding parts of the section VI. Thus it was that the section VI came contain an elaborate account of both bandha pure and simple and the same qua karana. Simiarly, the section II contains an early account of soul and it was this that formed the basis for the composition of the section I (minus its culikās) at a later time. It is also most likely that the sections II and III were contemporary of each other and so also were the section I (minus its culikās) and VI. Sections IV and V perhaps constitute one text in the form of an exposition of six topics, viz. kṛti, vedanā, sparsa, karma, prakṛti, bandhana. They came comparatively late but not necessariy later than the sections I (minus its culikās and VI. The six topics in question have no intrinsic relation to each other and so there is no intrinsic necessity for section IV and V to go together. But as the case of Anuyogadvara suggests the Jaina authors of the period would often resort to the practice of jointly discussing several topics with no intrinsic relation to each other; as a matter of fact, the Saikhandagama treatment of the four topics kṛti, sparsa, J. O...11