Jaina Ontology

Author(s): K K Dixit
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad

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JAINA ONTOLOGY
its units). This will cover the case of dharma, adharma and ākāša. As for the static-bodied and mobile-bodied beings x is touched by one group or the other in case its members are to be found throughout the expanse of x. Lastly, x is touched by addhāsamaya in case x happens to lie within the region called sama yakşetra ( consisting of the two innermost world-oceans along with the related two world-continents and a half ). In the other concerned passage occurring in the chapter 10th (viz. Caramapada) the issues raised are even more far-fetched. For here it is supposed that both loka and aloka are made up of a border-region and an intermediate region and the question is raised about the relative numerical strength of the dravyas lying within the border-region of loka; those lying within its intermediate region, those lying within the border-region of aloka, those lying within its intermediate region, all these dravyas taken together the prodešas lying within the border-region of loka, those lying within its intermediate region, the pradešas lying within the border-region of aloka, those lying within its intermediate region, all these pradešas taken together. The calculation forthcoming is based on the supposition that the border-region of loka as well as aloka is made up of asankhyāta dravyas and asankhyāta X asankhyāta pradeśas ( but in both cases the number being slightly bigger for aloka ):61 on the other hand, the intermediate region of loka as well as aloka is made up of just one substance while the number of pradeśas isasankhyāta X asankhyāta X asankhyāta in the case of loka and ananta in that of aloka. However, the entire discussion remains obscure on the most crucial question arising in this connection, viz. what is meant by the border region and the substances lying within it, what is meant by the intermediate region and the one substance lying within it?
(ii) Pañcāstikāya-cum-samaya About pañcāstikāya and samaya things have been said on three occas. ions but on two of them (viz. chapters I and V) there is given a bare enumeration of the items possible in one's connection, viz. jīva and 14 ajivas as follows: (1) dharma (2) a part of dharma (3) the units of dharma (4) adharma (5) a part of adharma (6) the units of adharma (1) akaša (8) a part of akāša (9) the units of akāsa (10) pudgalaskandha (2 physical aggregate ) (11) a part of pudgalaskandha (12) the units of pudgalaskandha (13) pudgala paramānu (14) addhāsamaya; 6 2 ( we had just met ten of these items in connection with our first discussion related to loka and aloka ). A more detailed discussion of the problem occurs in the chapter 3rd (viz, Alpabahutva). 63 Here the question is raised about the relative numerical strength of the following items :
(1) dharma in its capacity as substance (one or many) (2) adharma (3) akaśa