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Faina Ethics be given to somebody. One may take possession of property of one's kinsman after his death ; but during his life his permission should be sought.2 The transgressions of the vow of non-stealing
All authors, except Somadeva, agree with regard to the following five transgressions of the vow of non-stealing :
(1) Abetment of theft (stenaprayoga) (2) Receiving stolen property (tadāhrtādāna) (3) Violating state rules (viruddharājyātikrama) (4) Use of false weights and measures (hinādhikamānonmāna) (5) Adulteration (pratir ūpaka vyavahāra).3
(1) Stenaprayoga : According to Pūjyapāda, it means direct or indirect instigation of theft.“ Siddhasena Gamin has a different interpretation. According to him this transgression means helping thieves with money.5
(2) Tadāhrtādāna : According to Pūjyapada, it means obtaining something stolen by a thief, without having employed or prompted him. According to Siddhasena Garin, it means obtaining goods which are proceeds of a robbery for nothing or at low price.?
(3) Viruddharājyātikrama : According to Pūjyapāda it means all illicit business. 8 According to Siddhasena Ganin, it means unlawful acquisition of property in another country which is engaged in hostilities with one's own country since even grass or wood acquired under such circumstances must be regarded as stolen.
(4) Hinādhikamānonmāna : According to Cāmundarāya, it means trading in which more is taken from oneself and less
I. Ratnakarandastāvakācāra, 57.
Also Vasunandiśrāvakācāra, 211; Sāgāradharmāmrla, 4.48. 2. Handiqui, K. K., Yasastilaka and Indian Culture, p. 265. 3. Upåsakadaśānga, 1.47. Also Tattvārthasūtra 7.22;
Ratnakarandastāvakācāra, 58; Amitagatisrāvakācāra, 7.5;
Puruşārthasiddhyupāya, 185; and Sagaradharmāmrta, 1.47. 4. Pūjyapāda on Tattvārthasūtra, 7.27. 5. Gaņin, Siddhasena on Tattvärthasūtra, 7.22. 6. Pūjyapāda on Tattvārthasūtra, 7.27. 7. Ganin, Siddhasena, on Tattvārthasūtra, 7.27. 8. Pūj yapāda on Tattvārthasūtra, 7.27. 9. Ganin, Siddhasena on Tattvärthasütra, 7.22.
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