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Penances
195
of view of lesyas, arta dhyana is the result of the three inauspicious lesyas.1 The arta dhyana requires no efforts but proceeds spontaneously from the previous impressions of karmans. Its signs are: doubt, sorrow, fear, negligence, dispute, confusion, intoxication, eagerness for mundane pleasure, sleep, fatigue, and unconsciousness.3
The randra dhyana :
The raudra dhyana is even worse than arta dhyāna. arises from relishing ideas about sinful violence, falsehood, theft, and preservation of objects of enjoyments; it is found only upto the fifth stage of spiritual development.4
The first type, raudra, called himsānandi means taking delight in killing, crushing, or destroying the living beings either by self or through others. It includes skill in violent actions, advising sins, and association with cruel people." Desire of killing in the battle; taking delight in hearing, seeing or remembering the miseries of sentient beings; being envious of other's prosperity are all included in this type of Raudra dhyāna.
Mrşanandi raudra dhyana includes falsehood,10 composing deceptive literature for one's own pleasure,11 collecting wealth by deceit12 and deceiving the simple-minded.13
Cauryanandi raudra dhyāna includes not only the act of theft but also preaching dexterity in theft.14
Vişayanandi raudra dhyana includes desire to take posses
1. Jñānārṇava, 25.40.
2. Ibid., 25.41.
3. Ibid., 25.43.
4. Tattvärthasutra, 9.35. Also Jñänarnava, 26.3.
5. Jñänärṇava, 26.4.
6. Ibid., 26.6.
7. Ibid., 26.9
8. Ibid., 26.10.
9. Ibid., 26.13. 10. Jñānārṇava, 26.16. 11. Ibid., 26.17. 12. Ibid., 26.18. 13. Ibid., 26.19 14. Ibid., 26.24.
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