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Jaina Ethics
and teaches us that caste is based on actions and not on birth.
(ii) Daśavaikälika :
The work, a composition of Sayyambhava (429 B.C.), consists of ten adhyayanas and two cūlikās, all of them dealing with the conduct of a monk in a poetical way.
The importance of Daśavaikālika can be well imagined from the fact that, after its composition, it took the place of Acārānga in the curriculum of study for monks.1
Its fourth, fifth and seventh Adhyayanas are believed to have been taken from Ātmapravāda, Karmapravāda and Satyapravāda, respectively; the rest of the Adhyayanas have been derived from Pratyākhyānap ürva.2
(iii) Avaśyaka :
This deals with the six essential duties of a monk which should be daily performed by him. There is a huge exegetical literature on this Mülasūtra; including Niryukti, Višeşāvašyakabhāsya by Jinabhadra, and ţikās by Haribhadra and Malayagiri. Sisyahitā by Hemacandra Maladhār in is a commentary upon Višeșāvaśyakabhāsya.
(iv) Aughaniryukti or Pindaniryukti:
There is difference of opinion about the fourth Mülasūtra. Some take both Aughaniryukti and Pindaniryukti to be the fourth Mülas ūtra whereas others accept either of the two as the Mülasūtra. Piņdaniryukti deals specially with the rules regarding begging of food by a Jaina monk.
Ten Prakirņakas:
There is no uniformity regarding the list of these Prakirņakas. The list of 84 Āgamas includes as many as 30 Prakirņakas. The following ten, however, are mostly included in the traditional list of Prakirņakas :
1. Daśavaikālika, Bh ūmikā, p. 16. 2. Bhadrabāhu on Daśavaikālika, 16-17.
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