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Penances
199
by he should leave all desire for beauty, age, strength, wealth etc.1
Types of dharma dhyāna :
Tattvārthasūtra mentions four types of dharma dhyāna. (i) ajñānavicaya dharma dhyāna; (ii) apāya vicaya dharma dhyāna; (iii) vipāka vicaya dharma dhyāna; and (iv) saṁsthāna vicaya dharma dhyāna.?
(i) Ajñāna vica ya dharma dhyāna :--Ajñāna vicaya dharma dhyāna means having firm faith in the nature of things as taught in the scriptures composed by the omniscients. It becomes necessary when there is no teacher, one's own intellect is not so subtle, when there is rise of karmans and the objects are subtle and when one does not find proper causes and illustrations.3 Or, the person, who has himself grasped the nature of things, uses naya and pramīņa for supporting the truth, is also said to have performed ajñāna vicaya dharma dhyāna. All studies of scriptures constitute this type of dharma dhyāna.5
(ii) Apāyavicaya dharma dhyāna :- To think that the per-, verted souls are opposed to the path of the omniscient, or to ponder over the ways and means of releasing preachers from wrong belief, knowledge and conduct, constitutes apāya vicaya dharma dhyāna. To contemplate on seven tattvas is also apāya vicaya dharma dhyāna.?
(iii) Vipāka vicaya dharma dhyāna :---It means thinking of the various effects of the karmans on the creatures. All pleasures and pains are the result of one's own actions which should be regulated and controlled. All reflections on this aspect are included in this type of dharma dhyāna.
(iv) Saṁsthāna vicaya dharma dhyāna :-It means reflect
I. Jñānārnava, 32-55. 2. Tattvärthasūtra, 9.36. Also jñānāınava, 33.5. 3. Pujyapāda on Tattvārthas ütra, 9-36. 4. Ibid., 9.36. 5. jñānārnava, 33.9. 6. Pujyapāda on Tattvärthasūtra, 9.36. 7. jñānārņava, 34.11. 8. Pūjyapāda on Tattvärthasūtra. 9.36. Also jñānārņava, 35.1.
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