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Jaina Ethics self-control and for observing six essentials and ten dharmas.1 He should be completely detached towards this world and the next.2
As regards the quantity of food, only two portions of stomach out of four, should be filled with food and the remaining two should be left for water and air.3
The monk should not take food if he finds any one of the following fourteen impurities : nails, hair, insects, bones, chaff, grain particles, pus, skin, blood, flesh, seeds, fruits, bulb and roots.4
A monk should not go out for food when he suffers from disease, or when some misery befalls him, or when he wants to defend his celibacy or when he wants to refrain from causing injury to living beings or when he is desirous of renouncing the body.5
We shall deal with the rules of begging separately while discussing the food of a monk. 4. Adānanikşefaņāsamiti
" It means that the monk should carefully lift and put his articles. He should use his picchi or rajoharaņa to remove insects before placing it at any place.? He should avoid injury to any living being in this way. 5. Pratisthāpana-samiti or utsarga-samiti
While answering the call of nature, throwing away excrements,& urine, saliva, mucus, or any other uncleanliness of the body, pieces of food, waste things, torn clothes, dead bodies or other useless things, the monk should properly scrutinise the place and should throw away such wastes only in a place which is burnt, ploughed, used for cremation,
1. Mulācārā, 6.60.
Pravacanasāra, 3.26. 3. Mülācāra, 6.72. 4. Ibid., 6.65. 5. Ibid., 6.61. Also Uttarādhyayana, 26.35. 6. Niyamasāra, 64. Also Mülācāra, 1.14. 7. Mülācāra, 5.123. Also Uttarādhyayana, 24.14. 8. Niyamasāra, 65.
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