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Jaina Ethics after five days in cases of mild punishment and even after six months in cases of hard punishment, though such hard punishments are rarely allowed in modern age when human capacity is limited.1 Even so, some persons undertaking long fasts are mentioned. The penance may continue for twelve years.
Under second type of expulsion (pārañcika parihāra) the monk has to live outside the samgha and observe such hard fasts as mentioned above. But such punishment is awarded only in cases of the worst sins like abduction of a monk of another faith, of a layman, a woman, a child, or the pupil of a saint and for assaulting a saint with a stick.3 Sraddhāna :
It means that a monk, who had been misled again joins the samgha.4 2. Vinaya (reverence) :
Vinaya means control over passions and senses and proper humility towards reverential personalities. All knowledge is futile without vinaya. Humbleness is shown for five reasons : (1) Imitation (2) Wealth (3) Sex (4) Fear and (5) Liberation.?
We are not concerned here with the first four types of vinaya. The last-mentioned type of Vinaya is again classified under five heads : (1) Darsana (2) Jñāna (3) Căritra (4) Tapa and (5) Upacāra.
(1) Darsana vinaya : One who has faith in the nature of things as taught by Jinas is said to have shown darśana vinaya.' It means having right faith with all its constituents and avoidance of its five faults.10
(2) Jñāna vinaya : A person who attains or knows
1. Prāyaścittasamuccaya, 157. 2. Bệhatkalpabhāsya, Vol. II, 1283-1284, Vol. V, 4492. 3. Prāyaścittasamuccaya, 244.
Virasena on Satkhan dägama, 5.4.26 (Vol. XIII, p. 63).
Also Anāgāradharmāmsta, 7.57. 5. Anāgāradharmāmrta, 7.60.
Bhagavatiārādhana, 128. 7. Mülācāra, 7.83. 8. Ibid., 7.87. 9. Ibid., 7.88. 10. Bhagavati-Arādhanā, 114.
6.
Bhaga
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