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Faina Ethics Vocal upacāra vinaya includes respectful, beneficial, limited, sweet and non-harsh speech. The speech should be calm, unconnected with worldly affairs and non-insulting.2 Mental upacāra vinaya means controlling the mind against vices and diverting it to virtues. All these vinayas should be observed whether the teacher sees it or not.4 3. Vaiyyāvrtya : .: It means rendering service to monk with one's own body or some other object when he is in misery such as disease, Parişaha or perversity or attitude. This service may be rendered to the following ten : (i) ācārya, (ii) upādhyāya, (ii) one who performs some great penance, (iv) teacher, (v) diseased, (vi) old monks (vii) students of one's ācārya, (viii) the monks of one's samgha, (ix) a monk with long standing and (x) a popular monk. This type of service expresses non-abhorrence for dirt and love for the religious
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4. Svādhyāya :
The scriptures should be studied for excellence of intelligence, good engagement, detachment, argumentation of penance, and purification of transgressions of vows.8
Svādhyāya has five varieties : 1. Vācanā, which means teaching the scripture and its meaning. 2. Prcchanā, which means asking others for removing the doubt or for ascertaining the meaning. 3. Anupreksā, which means contemplating on the scripture which has been read. 4. Āmnāya, which means correctly revising a scripture. 5. Dharmopadeśa, which means giving religious sermons."
I. Bhagavati-Arādhanā, 123. 2. Ibid., 124. 3. Ibid., 125. 4. Ibid., 127. 5. Pūjyapada on Tattvārthas ütra, 9.24. 6. Tattvārthasūtra, 9.24. 7. Pujyapāda on Tattvārthasütra, 9.24. 8. Ibid., 9.25. 9. Ibid., 9.25.
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