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Penances
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liberation, avoids sins, does not acquire new karmans, and acts with knowledge is said to have performed jñāna vinaya. Acārya Sivakoți says jñāna vinaya has eight varieties? : (i) Kalavinayait means reading the scriptures at proper time, (ii) Vinaya—it means devotion towards scriptures and those who are wellVersed in them, (iii) Upādhāna vinaya-it means taking a vow of fast unless a particular scripture is finished, (iv) Bahumāna vinaya—it means reading with purity and with folded hands with concentration, (v) Anihnava vinaya—it means not proclaiming the name of the ācārya other than the one from whom one has actually studied, (vi) Vyañjana vinaya—it means proper recitation of the scriptures, (vii) Artha vinaya—it means proper understanding of the meaning of the scriptures, (viii) Tadubhaya vinaya—it means proper recitation and properunderstanding of the scriptures. 3
(3) Cāritra vinaya : it means annihilating previously accumulated karmans and stopping the accumulation of new karmans. This includes three guptis, five samitis and control over senses and passions.5
(4) Tapa vinaya : It means dispelling darkness by penance. It also means devotion to penance and to those who are devoted to penance. One should not insult those who perform less penance but are possessed of knowledge.?
(5) upacūra Vinaya : It means paying proper respect physically, vocally and mentally. To stand up to salute, to bow down with hands folded on one's forehead, and to follow the sage while bidding him farewell - all these are included in physical Upacāra vinaya.8 One should keep his seat lower than that of a senior and should also offer place and seat to him.
ܘ̇ܗ̇ ܛܲ ܗ̇ ܗ̇ ܝܿܕ
1. Vasunandi on Mülācāra, 7.89.
Bhagavati-Ārādhana, 113. 3. Aparājitas üri on Bhagavati-Arādhanā, 113. 4. Mülācāra, 7.90.
Bhagavati-Aradhana, 113. 6. Mülācāra, 7.90. 7. Bhagavati-Arādhanā, 117. 8. Ibid., 119. 9. Ibid., 120.
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