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Jaina Ethics
breeding any living creature; 9. if it is offered from pots or hands besmeared with
flour, chalk, and the like ; 10. if it has been thrown away. The fourth category of faults
While taking the food, the monk should be free from the following four faults:
1. Mixing up hot things with cold which have ceased
to be sterilized, * 2. Over-eating.
3. Having attachment to food. 4. Condemning food while eating it.
Besides, the monk should not help in preparing the food at any stage like grinding, crushing, igniting fire, sweeping or drawing of water. This is called ādhākarmadosa.
The underlying moral ideas in these rules for food and begging was non-violence and detachment. The monk should neither accept food specially prepared for him nor the food which causes violence to the living beings. The Byhatkalpabhäsya gives various prāyaścittas for violation of the fortysix rules. The Daśavaikālika says that a monk should beg his food just as a bee collects honey from flowers without hurting them or without getting attached to them.2
Samgha organisation
The monks have a community of their own. It is possible only for a monk of a high order to remain aloof and endeavour for spiritual development. We have referred to such monks as Jinakalpa. An ordinary monk has, however, to remain under organisation of the samgha.
This samgha organisation is headed by ācārya. The ācārya is responsible for the entire organisation of the samgha, from administrative to the spiritual. He should observe the following duties :
1. Sūtrārthasthirikaraña--Decide the meaning of the
scriptures.
1. Byhatkalpabhāsya, Vol. I, Bhavanagar, 1933, 532-540. 2. Daśavaikälika, 1. 2-3.
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